Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tunisie centrale'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Tunisie centrale.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Chebil, Sandrine. "Génétique moléculaire des beta thalassémies en Tunisie Centrale." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2P021.
Full textNasri, Mokhtar. "Le milieu et l'homme en Tunisie centrale (région de Sidi Bouzid) : environnement et aménagement." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100203.
Full textBen, Nasr Jaâfar. "Recherches sur le peuplement préhistorique du Jebel Ousselat (Tunisie Centrale)." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX10009.
Full textZerai, Kamel. "Les environnements holocènes et actuels dans le bassin versant de l'oued Sbeïtla (Tunisie centrale)." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA070054.
Full textThis thesis, which focuses its interest to the study of the holocene palaeoenvironments and stratigraphy of the sbeïtla wadi catchment, is the first of its kind in tunisia. To achieve the aim of the study a multidisciplinary approach was adopted using sedimentology, palynology, radiocarbon dating, and archaeology techniques. The recent morphogenesis in the catchment area was studied on the basis of a quantitative analysis, using a photographic database (aerial photographs, landsat and spot imagery), digital mapping, gis, dem and field data. The raster and vector data of the gis were georeferenced in the same projection, and partially orthorectified. The quantification of the erosion and its comparison to a long-term climatic data allowed further appreciation of the recent morphogenesis changes and also used to determine the relative importance of the various factors and process involved. This comprehensive assessment was instrumental in recommending practical and effective solutions to combat land degradation and desertification in the study area. The downstream of sbeïtla wadi is currently subject to serious aeolian sand encroachment, human population decline and reduced vegetation cover and animal production
Jemaa, Tasnim. "Stratégies d'adaptation des systèmes d'élevage ovins et modes d'utilisation des parcours en Tunisie Centrale." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NSAM0025/document.
Full textThe Tunisian agriculture development is supporting the expansion of cultivated area in favor to the grounds of rangeland relative to the breeding sector. The arboriculture especially olive-trees was developed thanks to the privatization of the collective grounds. In addition a significant demographic increase amplified strongly the regression surface regression of the steppe rangeland between 1970 and 1990. On the other hand, the national livestock showed a considerable growth, while the pastoral vegetation covers hardly 20% of the food needs of the animals for the majority of the herds. Since 1995, this rate is decreasing significantly and continuously, This evolution induces double problems vulnerability of the majority of the breeding. In fact is depending on the availability and the price of concentrated food and the weather risks which various sources on grazing are depending. Our questioning is related to the diversity of the adaptation ways to these heavy transition factors and the differences in vulnerability of the adaptation of the stock breeders. Our study confirms that the rangeland vegetation is covering about 80% of the food needs during six years. This contribution is primarily resulting to the improved rangeland, which are accounting for 75% of the surface of the collective and domanial rangeland. The state management of the rangeland access allows a seasonal use which is avoiding important loads. From a safe guarding point of view of the resource this law which is imposed through the payment of the right of the access and the control by the government officials, seems to be functional. The natural courses which are not managed by the services of the State, are very little attendedThis low use is the reflection of the individual decision of the stock breeders ending on the state of these courses. The transition from a pastoral system to an agropastoral system proves to be carried out appeared in very few decades. Our work showed that, for the three considered types of breeding naisseurs, 13 to 24% of the dry matter introduced by the ewes is provided by the concentrates. The rest of the introduced corresponds to fodder, distributed: hay, cactus…; or grazed: cereal thatches, cereals disaster victims, déprimage, push backor vegetation of the courses. A system of agriculture-breeding is clearly emerging is: producing three lambs per ewe in two years
Mlaouhi, Ali. "Climat et érosion par ravinement dans les bassins versants des oueds Maîz et Redjel (Haffouz) Tunisie centrale." Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX10090.
Full textBen, Jemiaa Mohamed. "Evolution tectonique de la zône de failles Trozza-Labeied, Tunisie centrale." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37595914f.
Full textBen, Jemiaa Mohamed. "Évolution tectonique de la zone de failles Trozza-Labeied (Tunisie centrale)." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112342.
Full textKhlifi, Slaheddine. "Analyse du fonctionnement de quelques aménagements de conservation des eaux et du sol: cas des banquettes en Tunisie centrale et des lacs collinaires dans la Haute vallée de Medjerda." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210690.
Full textDoctorat en environnement
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Kadri, Ali. "Évolution tectonosédimentaire (Aptien-Quaternaire) des Dj. Koumine, Hamra et Lessouda,Tunisie centrale." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112385.
Full textKadri, Ali. "Evolution tectonosédimentaire (Aptien-Quaternaire) des DJ. Koumine, Hamra et Lessouda (Tunisie centrale)." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37614629x.
Full textLacombe, Guillaume. "Evolution et usages de la ressource en eau dans un bassin versant aménagé semi-aride : le cas du Merguellil en Tunisie centrale." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20137.
Full textAli, Youssef Al. "Les aménagements de conservation des eaux et des sols en banquettes : analyse, fonctionnement et essai de modélisation en milieu méditerranéen (El-Gouazine, Tunisie centrale)." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20151.
Full textAlazard, Marina. "Étude des relations surface-souterrain du système aquifère d'El Haouareb (Tunisie centrale) sous contraintes climatiques et anthropiques." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20023.
Full textIn semi-arid environment, surface waters are unevenly distributed in time and space and particularly vulnerable. The total annual rainfall is generally low and the rain events are rare and intense, causing severe flooding and erosion. Therefore, the groundwater resource is widely exploited, often inducing overexploitation problems.To overcome the negative consequences of these hydrological regimes, large dam have been built to increase the water storage. These structures can paradoxically create a water deficiency in some areas by inducing evaporation losses and reducing aquifer recharge. In central Tunisia, the Merguellil catchment provides an example of hydrological processes profoundly changed by the construction of a large dam. The basin is of strategic importance for the region. It feeds the great agricultural plain of Kairouan which suffers f overexploitation for decades. Before the building of the El Haouareb dam, the Merguellil intermittent flows were the main source of recharge to the Kairouan plain aquifer. Dam El Haouareb built in 1989 now blocking surface runoff, recharge occurs further upstream through the cracked limestone base of the structure. This modification of the hydrological causes a significant loss of water by evaporation and concentrate recharge of the plain at the foot of the dam.The purpose of this thesis work is to identify the recharge mechanisms occurring at the threshold of El Haouareb. Infiltration from the lake was quantified calculating the water budget of the reservoir. The total water budget between 1989 and 2006 was made up by: infiltration 56%, evaporation 24%, abstraction 14% and dam releases 6%. Calculations had been conducted for smaller time scale to allow the quantification of the entries in the aquifer system.The identification of flows passing through the calcareous threshold was conducted by crossing hydrodynamic approaches (signal analysis) and geochemical (profiles and records of electrical conductivity and temperature, major ions, stable isotopes of the water molecule). The comparison of different methods helped to consolidate the results and to overcome the imperfections of some field data in a hydrological and hydrogeological complex context.A basic model and a simplified diagram of the El Haouareb aquifer have been established and allow anticipating the evolution of recharge in the Merguellil catchment under future climatic pressure
Chihaoui, Abir. "La trangression albienne dans la région de Tajerouine en Tunisie Centrale : stratigraphie, sédimentologie et tectonique synsédimentaire." Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10170.
Full textDuring Lower Cretaceous, Central Tunisia belonged to the South-Téthyan passive margin. Paleogeographically, it was marked by the transition between the stable Saharian platform to the South, and the open marine Tethyan basin to the North. Our study deals with the evolution of this transition zone (El Kef-Tajerouine area) during the Albian transgression, which is represented by the Hameïma and Fahdène formations that overly the Aptian Carbonate shelf. Exhaustive ammonite collections allowed defining a regional biozonation, to establish the earliest Albian age of the Hameïma Fm, to evidence a sedimentary hiatus of most of the Middle Albian, and to state the diachronism of the Late Albian transgression. Detailed study of facies and biotic assemblages led to recognise the environmental evolutions, to identify discontinuities, to define sequences and to correlate them throughout the studied area, thanks to the biostratigraphy. The studied succession can be divided into five third-order depositional sequences. The first two sequences (SA1, SA2) correspond to mixed, clastic-carbonate, shelf deposits, and are separated from each other by karstified exposure surfaces. They can be subdivided into minor depositional sequences that can be correlated regionally. The three overlying sequences (SA3 to SA5) were deposited in basinal environments. Above submarine erosional surfaces (sequence boundaries), are carbonated Lowstand systems tracts with benthic faunas, which are overlain by dark shales, within which the Maximum flooding surface is locally marked by pyritous or phosphatic ammonites. Particular surfaces (sequence or parasequence boundaries, maximum flooding or transgressive surfaces) are characterized by positive or negative excursions of the 18O and 13C stable isotope curves. At that time, Central Tunisia was a gently Northward-dipping ramp, submitted to very low energy deposition, although moderate shelf currents were active. The Albian transgressions provoked the drowning of the Aptian and earliest Albian platforms, and the South or SE-ward backstepping of the shelf facies. Tectonic synsedimentary deformations began around the Aptian-Albian boundary, and increased in number, extent and intensity throughout the Early Albian, before to culminate with the Middle Albian sedimentary hiatus. These deformations were probably the cause of halocinetic deformations, since they usually predate diapir uplift. This tectonic unstability would be related to the end of the South Atlantic Ocean opening, the rifting of which seems to propagate between the African Saharian and Ethiopian shields, before to eventually break up toward the Central Atlantic Ocean
Soyer, Christian. "Inversions structurales le long de la direction atlasique en Tunisie centrale le Jebel Boudinar /." Phd thesis, Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37610054h.
Full textTrabelsi, Hamda. "Les matériaux utiles de la région de Feriana (Tunisie centrale) : cadre géologique et potentialités." Nice, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NICE4335.
Full textCamoin, Gilbert. "Les Plates-formes carbonatées du Turonien et du Sénonien de Méditerranée centrale (Tunisie, Algérie, Sicile)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX11201.
Full textBoujarra, Ahmed. "Recherches geomorphologiques dans le bassin versant de l'oued sbiba (tunisie centrale ). Application a l'amenagement anti-erosif." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR10016.
Full textGeomorphic unities distribution in the ouady of sbiba basin which is directed by geological structure is closely connected to the quaternary morphogenic and pedogenic evolution. The latter is expressed as following: - in the mountains: it's emphesiezed by the genesis of forms and formations related to a cold dynamic. (richter slope; pavements of gelifracts recovering the hogbacks calcareous). - on the pediments, by the developement of glacis and alluvial terraces levels. They are whether fitting toge ther, or arranged. In sidi merzoud depression, limited on both sides by grabens, the replay of faults edge at the end of middle quaternary has provoqued the folding of tensi- ftien glacis. The modifications in the run-off conditions, who are provoqued by enlighement of forested vegetal cover, cleared land pasture, extented land cultures, and locally by the under designed anti-erosive amenagements have accelerated erosive process. Its manifestations are the following: - in the mountains: on the hogbacks, the concentration of following becomes speedy. The richter slopes grows up to a source of sediments to alluvial cones. - on the pediments: denudation process is getting more active and gullying is hiearchized on terraces. - in sbiba plaine, alluvial cones have been formed since september 1969. The beds of ouadies who drain the plaine have extented. (the ouady sbiba surface has doubled between 1952 and 1973). To protect this plaine from these phnomenans, amenagements proposals were formulated. They take under consideration physical caracteristics of each type of soils and geomorphic unities. They take under consideration too, the erosive dynamic which rules it, and of acquired experience in anti-erosive amenagement topic
Fantar, Samia. "Compétitivité comparée de la filière textile-habillement en Tunisie et dans les pays d'Europe centrale et orientale." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX24014.
Full textThis research focuses on the evaluation of the textile-clothing sector's competitiveness in Tunisia in order to identify the necessary ways to consolidate its competitive position, so as to better respond to the new world context, marked by the enlargement of Europe to the Central and Eastern European countries (CEEC's) and by the total removal of quotas on January 2005, which have generated a world irruption on Chinese goods. To treat this question, we proceeded to a comparative analysis of both price and out-price competitiveness of such an industry between Tunisia and the CEEC's. In order to highlight the real mechanisms which found the competitiveness of Tunisian textile-clothing, we have crossed two complementary approaches. First, we studied the objective competitiveness of the East-European and Tunisian supplies based on regulation, social, economical and industrial environment data. Second, we evaluated the competitiveness perceived of Tunisian and East-European industry through the respective points of view of the economic actors based on the results of a campaign of semi-directive interviews near French clients, heads of Tunisian enterprises as well as international experts of the sector. The cross analysis showed that the performance recorded by the CEEC's on the European market would ascribable to the numerous comparative advantages that they offer to foreign investors such as more competitive wage costs and a better-qualified labour force. This analysis showed also that the Tunisian competitiveness seems impeded by the weakness of its textile sector capacity and its low potential of creativity. In addition, the 2005 first statistics showed that Bulgaria and Rumania are relatively less vulnerable than Tunisia and seem better resisting to China competition and to the total removal of quotas. We concluded that Tunisia must rethink its International Market Position by rebuilding a new strategic plan based on the valorisation of the Tunisian companies supply in order to free it from subcontracting penalty logic and regrouping performant Tunisian industrials through the constitution of platforms dedicated to export
Jerbi, Hamza. "Anthropisation des processus hydrologiques autour de l’oued Merguellil, Tunisie centrale : caractérisation des formes d’évolution et quantification des flux." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG079/document.
Full textThe Merguellil basin in central Tunisia provides an illustrative example of hydrological processes profoundly modified by human action. The Wadi Merguellil, the main river of the basin, has experienced an extremely marked socio-hydrological evolution. Its current state is the legacy of a long history of interactions between man and his environment. Truly, it is currently intermittent over most of its course, but the statements of farmers and archival records reveal that this was not the case at the beginning of the last century. The use of ancient information from archival documents has shown that the Wadi Merguellil was supported mainly by the overflow of the confined aquifer of Bouhefna. During the years 1974-1975 and in order to transfer groundwater resources from the Merguellil basin to the coastal regions, a management plan was put in place. The aim of this plan was to reduce the level of the Bouhefna aquifer so as to reduce '' losses '' by evaporation in the Wadi Merguellil and minimize the groundwater flow towards the nearby Haffouz aquifer. As expected, this strategy led to a reversal of the hydraulic gradient inferring the drying up of the overflow springs, the emptying of the alluvial aquifer and the disappearance of the Wadi Merguellil baseflow during the period 1976-1978. The hydrodynamic model established in this thesis suggests that the averaged groundwater flow that was feeding the Wadi before the hydraulic gradient reversal is around 9 hm3. Currently, it is rather the floods of the Wadi that feed the alluvial aquifer and the shallow aquifers. The average flow infiltrated during the propagation of flood events is estimated at 17 hm3 in the section of the wadi between the Haffouz station and El Haouareb dam for the year 2013-2014.Though, the exploitation management plan of the Bouhefna aquifer was based exclusively on hydrodynamic considerations without taking into account the evolution of hydro-agricultural practices. Indeed, the disappearance of the baseflow of the Wadi Merguellil has forced farmers to abandon traditional irrigation canals and opt for the installation of motor pumps and the establishment of deep wells. This feedback on the change in the Wadi flow regime has further disrupted the hydrological balance. This resulted in an excessive exploitation of the groundwater with an observed current decrease of the piezometry higher than 1m/year and a reversal of the hydraulic gradient between the Bouhefna aquifer and the Haffouz aquifer. The hydrodynamic model suggests that the average flow exchanged by vertical drainage has decreased from 8 hm3 in 1970 to 2 hm3 in 2015. In the opposite direction, the average flow transiting from the Haffouz aquifer to the Bouhefna aquifer has increased from 1 hm3 in 1970 to 6 hm3 in 2015, imposing a risk of salinity in the long term.The transfer of water from Bouhefna to the coastal regions, even though it is widely disputed by the local populations, has never been put forward as a factor explaining the hydrological evolution experienced locally. The work of this thesis allows to show how much this transfer of water has influenced the hydrological regime of the wadi. However, by not omitting their own responsibilities in these dynamics, farmers are lucid. Indeed, the hydrodynamic model suggests that the cumulative part of groundwater volumes mobilized by the latter after the disappearance of the Wadi baseflow is comparable to that for drinking water. The results of this thesis are in line with research in socio-hydrology that calls for integrating social aspects into management plans to ensure sustainable development of water resources
Bessais, Hédia. "La Plate-forme carbonatée du Vraconien-Cénomanien des Djebels Selloum et Zaouia (Tunisie centrale) : stratigraphie, paléontologie, paléoenvironnements, diagénèse." Aix-Marseille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX11206.
Full textJeribi, Leila. "Caractérisation hydrochimique et isotopique des eaux du système aquifère de bassin de Zeroud (plaine de Kairouan, Tunisie centrale)." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112305.
Full textThe hydrogeologic basin of the Zeroud is an endoreic basin that belongs to the Sahel field, separated to the Atlasic field by the north-southern tectonic outline. It is governed by a semi-arid climate and it is characterized by enough developed surface network, dominated by the Zeroud wadi. The multilayered aquifer system of the Zeroud basin is characterized by the complexity of its hydro-dynamics due to both natural (structure) and anthropic (management) features. This study is based on the chemical (major) and isotopic analyses (18O, 2H, 3H, 13C, 14C) of the groundwater (mio-plio quaternary), of the precipitations and of the surface reservoirs waters. The hydrochemical and isotopic data shows two underground flow directions: West-East (identified by hydrogeology) and from the minor bed of Zeroud wadi towards the South and the North. Therefore, the Zeroud bed constitutes a big axis of the recharge of the aquifer system. The contribution of the wadi floods to the recharge of the deeper groundwater is limited at the upstream part of the basin. However, the recharge of the shallow aquifer take place from the Zeroud floods in all the bed area, from the El Mansoura wadi floods and from the local rainfall infiltration throughout the basin and in the border relief piedmonts. The radiocarbon dating of the groundwater indicate a variable times of residence on the whole aquifer system, from the Actual age to ages superior than 35 B. P. Ka. The recharge of the deeper reserves has been done mainly during the humid phases of the Holocene and the Tardif Pleistocene. Mixing between recent and old water masses and vertical stratification of waters were identified. The transit velocity of the deeper waters, calculated from carbon-14 ages, vary between 1 and 45 m/year. The heterogeneity of the chemical and isotopic data in the deeper waters indicated the presence of more than three aquifer levels in the deep system. A "confined" aquifer, which characterised by chloride-sodium water type and a good quality, exploited only in the southern part of the Zeroud basin was identified. The dissolution of evaporate and carbonate minerals constitutes the dominant process in the acquisition of the mineralisation. The waters of Zeroud water contribute also to the salinisation of waters around its bed
Dridi, Boutheina. "Impact des amenagements sur la disponibilite des eaux de surface dans le bassin versant du merguellil (tunisie centrale)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR1GE02.
Full textOgilvie, Andrew. "Caractérisation des ressources et usages de multiples hydro-sociosystèmes : les retenues collinaires du bassin du Merguellil (Tunisie centrale)." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS092/document.
Full textSmall reservoirs and other water and soil conservation techniques have become increasingly widespread across semi-arid regions, due to their ability to reduce transportation of eroded soil and harvest scarce and unreliable rainfall for local users. Revealing diverse but often limited levels of agricultural water use, the reasons behind these were explored based on assessments of water availability, practices and associated drivers upscaled across 50 small reservoirs in the Upper Merguellil catchment (Central Tunisia). MNDWI on 546 treated Landsat images over 1999-2014 were used in combination with extensive field data to develop and validate water availability assessments for all reservoirs. An Ensemble Kalman Filter approach was used to combine remotely sensed surface area with a GR4J-water balance model and notably reduce runoff uncertainties arising from highly variable and localised rainfall intensities. These notably reduced mean annual availability RMSE to the order of 10 000 m3 on lakes where initial capacities vary between 20 000 m3 and over 1 000 000 m3, and identified the potential of each lake to support agriculture during the dry season.In parallel, rapid surveys, quantitative questionnaires and semi directed interviews were used to identify water uses and socio economic and institutional drivers influencing the smallholder livelihoods around these reservoirs. Using multi-stage samples of farmers allowed to progressively narrow and refine the analysis which were then upscaled based on typologies of lakes. Results confirmed withdrawals remained limited and focussed essentially on the occasional watering of fruit trees. On a handful of lakes, water resources were a limiting factor but rarely a sufficient factor to explain the heterogeneous water uses observed around reservoirs. Most farmers were not equipped with the suitable capabilities to increase their withdrawals as a result of problems over pumps, water access and conflicts, compounded through limited and short term government assistance. Individual successes were observed as a result of farmers possessing adequate economic resilience and/or means to secure alternate water supplies during dry spells. Faced with limited available storage capacities and prolonged droughts, small reservoirs must in this climatic context retain their supplementary irrigation focus and not strive to support widespread intensification of practices
Abid, Karray Jihene. "Bilan hydrique d'un système de cultures intercalaires (olivier-culture maraîchère) en Tunisie Centrale : approche expérimentale et essai de modélisation." Montpellier, ENSA, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENSA0021.
Full textTOUNSI, KAMEL. "La teledetection satellitaire. Etude des systemes alimentaires et gestion des territoires en tunisie centrale. Application a la region kairouan." Montpellier 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON30072.
Full textZahar, Yadh. "Modélisation spatiale et temporelle des précipitations extrêmes et érosives en Tunisie centrale en vue de l'aménagement des petits bassins hydrologiques." Nice, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NICE2015.
Full textThe research work presented in this thesis addresses two essential methodological themes: the study of extreme rainfalls, and the analysis of the rainfall erosivity in central tunisia. The first part of the study, devoted to the statistical analysis of the rainfall series, has highlighted the following aspects: the good fit between gumbel's and montana's laws at the seasonal and annual series of maxima for various time lags ranging from 30 minutes to 24 hours and the link between the b perameter of montana's law and the gradex ratio of the daily autumnal and annual rainfalls, as well as the independence of this parameter vis-a-vis the return intervals. The statistical analysis of extreme rainfalls may thus be well characterized using the three parameters that are the decenial rainfall on a daily basis,the daily gradex and the b parameter of montana's law. These three parameters are estimated from the rainfall series and have ben mapped. Such maps present the advantage of being generated from recent data collected over the study area. The practical application of part one of the study has finally consisted in providing a regionally valid methodology of aid to planners in predetermining extreme rainfalls on an hourly basis at any given point and for durations ranging from 30 minutes to 24 hours. Part two is devoted to the analysis of rainfall erosivity. The methodological procedure has been based on a stochastic rainfall generator and on the rainfall-erosivity model of wischmeier. It was observed that the distribution of the r inde of rainfall erositivy in relation of rainfall parameters is especially strong with the 30 minutes intensities because of their short duration. The maximum erosive event in the year is often extremely erosive, such that the sum of the extreme episodes over long periods accounts for over 50% of the measured erosion. These episodes are most commonly observed in spring, and especially in autumn
Jouini, Meriem. "Evaluation environnementale des pratiques agricoles et des aménagements de conservation par ACV : cas du bassin versant de Merguellil de la Tunisie centrale." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NSAM0001.
Full textIn semi-arid areas, agriculture is based on limited and fragile "water and soil" resources that are often overexploited. To ensure the sustainability of agricultural land management in rural areas, environmental assessment must be integrated to support decision-makers and local stakeholders in their decision-making. Due to its comprehensiveness, life cycle assessment (LCA) is one of the most widely used tools for environmental impact assessment. It has global approach (all potential environmental impacts are considered) and life cycle thinking ("cradle to grave"). However, LCA is difficult to apply in rural areas of developing countries. First, LCA requires a lot of data that is difficult to collect because of the diversity of small farming systems. Second, the results of LCA are difficult for non-specialists to interpret because of the complexity of its multiple indicators. Third, the processes included in LCA often do not correspond to the values and interests of stakeholders. Our study area is located upstream of the Merguellil catchment in central Tunisia, a Mediterranean country, characterized by a semi-arid climate with high variability of precipitation and is considered an important recharge area for aquifers. The upstream Merguellil brings together major environmental challenges such as variable and limited resources, over-exploitation of water resources, poor control of access to groundwater and accelerated soil degradation. These problems are also encountered throughout the Mediterranean region. The rapid expansion of conservation measures and of intensive irrigated cropping systems have raised the question of their environmental impacts and particularly on the soil resource. In the context of managing common "water and soil" resources and taking into account the diversity of agricultural practices within a rural area, it is important to assess the impacts at the scale of a territory. Our main objective is to provide decision-makers with knowledge on the environmental impacts of water and soil conservation works (WSCW) and the most relevant cropping systems by LCA at the territory level. In this thesis, we proposed a progressive and iterative participatory approach to analyze the territory in relation to its history, its components (living territories), its functions, its agricultural productions systems and its social components (families). We provided conceptual models shared by all stakeholders, we also collected and validated all the data necessary for the environmental assessment. An innovative methodological framework was proposed to link LCA with this participatory approach and made it possible to analyse the environmental impacts of all cropping systems. Finally, the consideration of the impacts of water and soil conservation works in LCA has been the subject of a specific development. Two indicators were explored using a distributed erosion model (LandSoil): erosion resistance and mechanical filtration. These developments provide all the methods and data to inform decision-making in the context of participatory land management, and in particular to define a sustainable development strategy for water and soil conservation works
Hamza, Ali. "Erosion et lutte anti-erosive dans le bassin versant de l'oued zeroud (tunisie centrale). . . De l'approche exogene a la strategie technico-paysanne." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR10008.
Full textThe oued zeroud watershed incentral tunisia is caracterized by a sensible envivironment subject to natural and anthropic aggressions. The result is a moyhodynamic desequilibrium translated by intense landerosion and high specific degradation. This erosion, which has a bad impact on regional development, is mostly hydric, becoming more and more intense but irregular, discontinous and having complex relation ship with natural and human environmental factors. In most cases? the anthropic parameter is predominant in explaining this erosion crisis. The different attempts to restablish the natural equilibium don't date of today : to anold empiric land conservation has succeeded an essay of centralisation since 1881 on 1972 a new strategy basedon sociological and technical considerations appeared without resolving all the problems the authors tries from a geographical point of view to evaluate all these attempts. He concluds that only a new approach taking in account the farmers in land conservation programs has a chance to succeed. At the end he gives some recommandations as a contribution in the setting up operation of this strategy
Braiki, Houssem. "Construction d’une démarche participative pour améliorer la gestion de l’eau et du sol. Une application aux politiques des aménagements de conservation des eaux et des sols en Tunisie Centrale." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AGPT0003/document.
Full textIIn central Tunisia, the agricultural intensification of irrigated agriculture generates local and regional environmental impacts, linked to an increased consumption of inputs and resources, including water and soil. In favor of a more sustainable agriculture and in order to inform public policies of agricultural development, it is necessary to assess the impacts of agricultural practices and water and soil conservation planning (WSCP), and this at the territory scale. The question is how to implement an environmental assessment approach in a context of 1) scarcity of reliable data including statistics, and complexity of farming practices, 2) prominence of socio-economic issues over environmental concerns 3) lack of knowledge of the perception of local actors on these issues and therefore of difficulty in identifying relevant indicators (scientific and of the stakeholders) and mobilizable. We propose an innovative approach to design and implement a participative approach involving different types of actors, to enable them to get more insights into each other's logic and perceptions of the impacts of agricultural practices and WSCP. This approach is designed to produce quality information by valuing local knowledge, share and take into account the perceptions of different stakeholders, and finally, build a consensus to contribute to the development of more effective WSCP policies. This approach has been structured in two main stages: the design of a community of practices articulated to a participatory systemic rapid diagnosis and the implementation of participatory workshops. The evaluation mobilized a dual mechanism including external observers and a satisfaction survey among participants. The survey is based on an evaluation grid of this approach, its outcomes and its short term induced effect. Sharing and taking into account the information and data collected, as well as the expertise and perceptions of the various stakeholders, has made possible to produce information deemed satisfactory or very satisfactory by all the participants. This nourished the knowledge of almost all the stakeholders and contributed to a constructive dynamic of collective learning. Our approach has contributed significantly to the evolution of perceptions and to a stronger mutual understanding between government officials and farmers. A dashboard grouping the indicators mobilized by each stakeholder was discussed and allowed to highlight convergences and differences in their analysis grids. The gradual and adaptive structuring of the approach, the choices of the stakeholders, the venues for the workshops and the use of a neutral facilitator were very important factors for the commitment and the mobilization of the stakeholders, in particular at the central scale, in this operational space for consultation on territorial issues, agricultural practices and WSCP. This work demonstrates the interest of integrating the engineering of consultation and environmental assessment within one approach and its feasibility in a difficult context for the ACES policies implementation
Zrelli, Radhouan El. "Modalités des transferts des éléments traces métalliques dans la partie centrale du Golfe de Gabès, Tunisie : une approche géochimique, minéralogique, sédimentologique et biologique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30232.
Full textThe Gulf of Gabes, located in the oriental Mediterranean basin, has many particular properties making it very sensitive to anthropogenic contaminations. One of the distinguishing features of Gabes Gulf is low water flush-activity related mainly to its orientation and morphology marked by its largely-extended shallow plateau as well as to the limited influence of Atlantic water currents. For more than 50 years, than 200 million tons of phosphogypsum (by-product of phosphoric acid production) have been continuously dumped in this vulnerable environment leading to an accentuated degradation of the local benthic habitat represented mainly by the seagrass meadows of Posidonia oceanica. Within this context, knowing the characterization of phosphogypsum will certainly help to identify the different transfer modalities of the metals (composing the initial phosphate ore) within the marine environment. The pollutants load of phosphogypsum is mainly associated to the organic matter which aggregates during the transfer process via the evacuation channel leading to the formation of floating foam. These latter foams are passively transported by winds and local currents to distant areas and are found to be rich in organic matter with an amphipathic character that makes them act as a surfactant in contact with seawater. The skeleton of phosphogypsum foam was also found to be composed of synthetic gypsum as well as halite, sphalerite and francolite. The degradation of the phosphogypsum foam is accentuated by the degree of agitation/hydrodynamics of the marine environment through the dissolution of gypsum, leading to the release of its polluting components following the swell amplitude. It is worth noting that a limited metal fraction passes directly into solution. These latter metals are hence transported by the coastal currents. As for the phosphate grains, they are trained towards the south either by rolling-saltation or in suspension, and end by accumulating mainly in Chat Essalam beach due to the hydrodynamics effects exerted by the ports structures leading to modify the coastline. In addition, the toxic metals affect also the surface sediments as well as the benthic organisms and hence these latter can inform about the health status and the contamination history of the local marine environment. Within this context, the mats of Posidonia oceanica meadows can be used as an archiving tool of the contamination history in the Gulf of Gabes and allow hence retracing the evolution of metallic contamination of sea waters since the set-up of the coastal industrial complex in Gabes city (i.e. 1972). Finally, a first assessment of the financial losses linked to the ecosystemic services provided by Posidonia oceanica seagrass beds to coastal fisheries activity was conducted allowing to evaluate the cost of a part of the negative consequences linked to the industrial chronic pollution at the central part of Gabes Gulf
HLAIEM, AMOR. "Etude geophysique et geologique des bassins et des chaines de tunisie centrale et meridionale durant le mesozoique et le cenozoique : evolution structurale, modelisation geothermique et implications petrolieres." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066518.
Full textALLOUCHE, FATHI. "Etude geologique du secteur compris entre les jebels bouzer et rheouis (axe nord-sud, tunisie centrale). Inventaire et cartographie des materiaux utiles des jebels kebar et merfeg." Besançon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BESA2061.
Full textHachaichi, Zohra. "Quantification de la recharge naturelle et artificielle d'un système aquifère soumis à des contraintes climatiques et anthropiques en zone semi-aride (bassin de Sbiba et Foussana) Tunisie centrale." Thesis, Avignon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AVIG0053/document.
Full textThe study area lies in the northern part of central Tunisia and extends over about 650 km2. It is located betweenthe rainy Tellian region in the North and the Saharan region in the South. The Foussana Basin is a typical closedinland basin surrounded by high mountains where the precipitation varies over space and time as a result oftopography and seasonality.The main outcrop that marks the watershed of Foussana basin is the quaternary alluvium, which is surrounded byCretaceous reef of deposits covering folds Mountains bounding. The Foussana basin is composed of two aquifers,the PlioQuaternary and the Miocene aquifers. The PlioQuaternary aquifer consists of clayey sand, coarse sand andsandstone deposits. This aquifer is composed of two permeable levels PlioQuaternary Aquifer (PQ1) and PlioceneAquifer (PQ2), which are separated by interbedded sandy marl. The Miocene aquifer consists of sandstone andcoarse sands. This aquifer constitutes an important water source in the study area because of its relativelysignificant thickness and its water quality. It‘s separated to the PlioQuaternary aquifer by a clay layer. The differentaquifers communicate through faults.The groundwater flows occurs from the borders to the center of the basin,i.e. from the surrounding hills to the depression area. The main source of aquifer recharge is infiltration of rainfalland dam water.Groundwater samples with low TDS values, which typically correspond to outcrops of the Miocene aquifer andsome samples of the first PlioQuaternary aquifer PQ1, are typically of SO4-Ca-HCO3-Na water type. In contrast,groundwater samples with high TDS values, most of which were collected in the PlioQuaternary aquifer (PQ1 andPQ2) and groundwater of the Confined Miocene, are typically of SO4-Ca-Na-Mg water type. The main sources ofthe water mineralization in the Foussana basin are the water-rock interaction processes i.e. dissolution ofevaporates and cation-exchange process.The isotopic signatures permit to classify the studied groundwaters into different groups. The PlioQuaternaryaquifer groundwater was classified into two groups. These are the non-evaporated groundwater, which ischaracterized by depleted δ18O and δ2H contents highlighting the importance of modern recharge at higher altitude,and the mixing process with the deep aquifer of the Miocene. The evaporated groundwater that exhibits enrichedstable isotope contents, these enriched values could be related to the evaporation process, which occurs possiblyin the upper part of the unsaturated zone of the PlioQuaternary aquifer (depression area).The Miocene aquifersgroundwaters are classified into two groups. The first group is characterized by relatively depleted isotope contentscorresponding to outcropping Miocene in the border indicating the altitude effect. The second group isdistinguished by relatively depleted contents of stable isotopes corresponding to the confined Miocene reflectinga palaeoclimatic origin. Tritium data permit to identify recent groundwaters originating from a mixture ofcontemporaneous and post-nuclear recharge; and ancient groundwaters deriving from pre-nuclear recharge.Radiocarbon activities decrease from 80 pmc in the recharge area to less than 3 pmc in the confined aquiferproviding ages from present day to 30 000 years BP.In conclusion, a conceptual model has been produced to describe the functioning of the aquifers. The modelling isused as a tool to synthesise the data and the functioning hypothesis. It gives a visualization mean and can put inevidence the aspects, which should be deepened in next works
Ben, Gsim Abdessatar. "Contribution à l'étude hydrogéologique du bassin versant de l'oued Ras el Ma (Atlas Tunisien Central)." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112495.
Full textDrissi, Ezeddine. "Mobilité spatio-temporelle des centres décisionnaires : Recompositions territoriale et fonctionnelle. Le cas de Tunis." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR1GEO5.
Full textIn a context of globalisation and international competition between metropolises, the mobility of economic activities has political, economical and spatial stakes. A particular, intensive and selective type of mobility – the mobility of decision-making centers – has left its mark on the dynamics of the city of Tunis. This research seeks to extend the urban dynamics approach, starting from the analysis of “decisional mobility”, a process that it is considered to animate urban areas and is thus a key to decoding territorial and functional restructuring. Results showed large contrasts in spatial behaviour between the “fluidity” of some centers and the “viscosity” of others. The Geography of flows (intensity and orientation) reveals a hierarchical organisation and a dissimilarity of urban sub-spaces : attractive and repulsive zones. We can see that, over the past 50 years, Tunis does not grow in the conventional way around a single CBD; instead, a polycentric model emerges progressively. With regard to the preferences of decision-makers, as revealed by their spatial choices, we note that a system of qualitative and subjective factors (such as prestigious location, environment quality, urban context, symbolic value, etc. ) prevail over a rational logic. Finally, it is useful to emphasize the conjunction of “mobility transition” and evolutionary environment effects. Based on frequency analysis of transfers that occurred between1956-2006, we demonstrated that embedded micro and macro-scale forces (economic policies) trigger four mobility stages
Smati, Amor. "Les gisements de Pb-Ba et de Fe du Jebel Slata (Tunisie du Centre-Nord) : minéralisations épigénétiques dans le crétacé nérétique de la bordute d'un diapir de trias : gisements de Sidi Amor Ben Salem et de Slata-Fer." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066084.
Full textFerhi, Mustapha. "Les installations hydrauliques dans les Hautes Steppes tunisiennes à l'époque romaine." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX10012.
Full textChaabani, Mounir. "La contribution du secteur électrique au développement soutenable : application au cas de la Tunisie." Paris 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA020011.
Full textFautras, Mathilde. "La terre entre racines, épargnes et spéculations : appropriations foncières et recompositions de l’espace rural de Regueb (Tunisie)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100137.
Full textThis Ph.D. dissertation examines the changes in the Tunisian rural areas from the perspective of land appropriation in the region of Regueb as a case study. Through an in situ investigation combining observations, questionnaires and interviews, the study focuses on the evolution of the land uses and the bundles of powers (access, management, sales) endowed by the farmers. This approach makes it possible to understand how this evolution both impacts the organisation of the rural space and how it is a consequence of it. Our data underlines the growing diversity of the farmers’ logic (peasant, entrepreneurial, speculative) and the social and economic inequalities between the farmers. This process is a result of the public policies that were enforced at the start of the colonial capitalist economy (end of the 19th century). The individualization of ownership and the land commodification have weakened the social security that used to exist at the time of the old common tribal territory, exposing the owners to the instability of the market and land precariousness. On the one hand, peasants are tempted to sell their land in an entrepreneurial way; on the other hand, they are willing to keep it for its symbolic value and as a securing capital. This precariousness is also fed by the multifaceted pressure of the land market and by the inequalities of access to the principal resources (money, water, market). In spite of the strategies they use, peasants face huge constraints. This study brings new light on the social contests that have been affecting the region since 2010 and contributed to the departure of President Ben Ali leave in 2011
Lecat, Zénaïde. "Recherches sur les fortifications des Hautes Steppes (Tunisie) à l'époque byzantine." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040234.
Full textTunisian High Steppes include a great number of fortifications. For many of them, a date in the Byzantine period was proposed. On few large ones, inscriptions indicating official status were found, but there are also numerous under-studied little « fortlets ». These constructions are quite different. A serial handling, based on architectural standards specifically, has been carried out. Only the series which can reasonably be attributed to the byzantine period have been examined in greater detail. Their geographical distribution has been studied and spatial analysis have been done, using a Geographical Information System (GIS). Thanks to this work, it is possible to identify successive networks. Their settlement plans seem to have changed, from the time when the fortress was considered as a power symbol and installed near natural lines of defense. It evolved to probably more adapted surveillance networks. Indeed, the Byzantine’s enemies were Moorish tribes and Arabs, known to be mobile people and considered hard to control. This new approach of fortifications networks highlights a less negative vision of Byzantine Africa. There were certainly great security problems, but Byzantine representatives doesn’t seem to have let Africans to their own without trying to bring solutions
Jaouachi, Tahar. "Les enjeux de l’olivier en situations urbaine et périurbaine : nouvelles constructions territoriales et prospectives : cas du cordon littoral Centre–Sud tunisien." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF20010/document.
Full textWhen new uses of rural areas are developed through a combination of urban and tourist dynamics, the question of the impact of urbanization on the olive groves of the Tunisian coast is presents itself. The basic assumption is that the major economic and tourism development, coupled with an uncontrolled urbanization, and supported by inadequate policies, create a threat on the olives growing along the central and southern Tunisian coast, this is a strategic culture for the national economy. The aim of the thesis is to understand the places (spatial, economic, cultural, etc.) of the olive tree system, and to study the issues of olive trees in urban and suburban situations. In the first part is demonstrated the approach and methodology that allows understanding the issues of the urban and suburban agriculture and olive groves. The concept of the olive tree system is then placed in a coastal metasystem to understand the time frames, the interactions between the actors around the place and the functions of the olive sector. This concept is the base of a systemic analysis of olive groves. The results are, then, developed to study the factors of resistance and new values of the olive tree. It is first shown how the dynamic interactions between the demographic, the socio-economic and the political events led to transform the olive’s landscape coastline to a mixed area: agricultural, economic and tourism. However, the territorial transformations and the different dynamics, combined with the cultural developments can be observed in the emergence of new interactions, not only contradictory but also affective: environmental and patrimonial. The landscape and heritage resources notions have become a new subject of research to understand the potential and new values of olive tree
Stone, Rosemary Jane. "Radar remote sensing of a semi-arid environment : a case study in central Tunisia." Thesis, Durham University, 1988. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6632/.
Full textBen, Gsim Abdessafar. "Contribution à l'étude hydrogéologique du bassin versant de l'Oued Ras El Ma (Alas tunisien central)." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37602819g.
Full textAnderson, John Edward. "The subsidence history and structural evolution of the western margin of the Pelagian Platform, central Tunisia." Thesis, Kingston University, 1991. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20547/.
Full textBen, Ayed Maya. "Le cinéma d'animation en Tunisie : genèse et évolution (1965-1995)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0047.
Full textThis work seeks to understand how animation in Tunisia – an artistic activity on the fringes, both in the art world and in the society in which it is produced - became a vehicle for political protest within an authoritarian context. It recounts the hitherto untold history of this art form together with the socio-political changes under the two post-independence authoritarian regimes. We intend to reveal the form(s) of protest by examining, on the one hand, the cinematic material and, on the other, live testimonials, first-hand memories of the art form. We confront two different types of rhetoric, that of the regime (core values) and the art of animation(marginal culture) to reveal the mechanisms used to formulate the protest statements in Tunisian animation
Alimi, Kawther. "Essais sur la politique monétaire en Tunisie dans un cadre d’Équilibre Général Dynamique Stochastique." Thesis, Orléans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ORLE0502.
Full textIn Tunisia, the authorities had to face many economic challenges in 2011 which marked a real reversal of the economic situation after the popular uprising and the overthrow of the political power in place. Since then, the Central Bank of Tunisia has been at the center of controversy over the role it has played or should play in relation to growth, the reduction of unemployment and price stability. The first chapter analyzes the effects of monetary policy in the context of a high inflationary threat. We show that the effects of the BCT response to inflation have been limited and that the monetary policy instrument has become almost inoperative. It appears that the effectiveness of the CBT's monetary policy was thus limited by other factors such that the sharp depreciation of the dinar observed since 2011 has increased imported inflation. The second chapter deals with the interaction between monetary policy and exchange rate movements. We show that the degree of pass-through has a considerable impact on economic fluctuations in terms of the variability of inflation and the output gap. In line with what was found in the first chapter, the interest rate channelis also inefficient, particularly in the context of incomplete pass-through. Thus, the challenge for the BCT is to stabilize the exchange rate gap in order to improve the effectiveness of monetary policy and limit inflation. Imperfections in the labor market are also likely to explain inflation in Tunisia and difficulties in controlling price increases. In the last chapter, we analyze the effects of monetary policy by considering wage rigidity in the labor market. This chapter shows that wage rigidity largely affects the dynamics of inflation in Tunisia and consequently the effectiveness of monetary policy
Ridha, Shili. "Milieux d'affaires et activité minière coloniale : les mécanismes de l'emprise des structures : (le cas de quelques mines du Centre-Ouest tunisien 1900-1956)." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA01A002.
Full textOgilvie, Andrew Sean Gellett. "Upscaling water availability and water use assessments in hydro-social systems : the small reservoirs of the Merguellil catchment (Central Tunisia)." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2016. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/upscaling-water-availability-and-water-use-assessments-in-hydrosocial-systems(c5fa4a5b-23de-4776-8227-304c1b86721b).html.
Full text