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Journal articles on the topic 'Tunneling splitting'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 April 2022

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1

Ng, Selena, and Malcolm Perry. "Brane splitting via quantum tunneling." Nuclear Physics B 634, no. 1-2 (July 2002): 209–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0550-3213(02)00346-2.

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2

Vybornyi, E. V. "Energy splitting in dynamical tunneling." Theoretical and Mathematical Physics 181, no. 2 (November 2014): 1418–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11232-014-0222-6.

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3

Wang, Binglu, Yanhua Ma, Man Shen, and Hong Li. "Tunneling behavior of ultracold atoms in optical traps." Modern Physics Letters B 30, no. 20 (July 30, 2016): 1650245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984916502456.

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We investigate the tunneling of ultracold atoms in optical traps by using the path-integral method. We obtain the decay rate for tunneling out of a single-well and discuss how the rate is affected by the level splitting caused by the presence of a second adjacent well. Our calculations show that the transition through the potential barrier can be divided into three regions: the quantum tunneling region, the thermally assisted region and the thermal activation region. The tunneling process is found to be a second-order transition. We also show that level splitting due to tunneling can increase the tunneling rate.
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4

Bogey, M., H. Bolvin, M. Cordonnier, C. Demuynck, J. L. Destombes, R. Escribano, and P. C. Gomez. "Tunneling splittings in the rotational spectrum of." Canadian Journal of Physics 72, no. 11-12 (November 1, 1994): 967–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p94-127.

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The splitting of some rotational lines due to a predicted hydrogen atom migration in protonated acetylene, [Formula: see text], was not observed in the first pure rotational spectroscopy experiment in the vibrational ground state. An improvement of the spectral resolution of the spectrometer has allowed the observation of some of these small splittings. They have been interpreted within the semi-rigid bender model. Numerical results are presented for different values of the barrier height. Reasonable agreement between observed and calculated splittings is obtained with a barrier of about 1600 cm−1, which is 15% higher than the most recent ab initio value.
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5

Sekiya, Hiroshi, Taiji Nakajima, Hidenori Hamabe, Akira Mori, Hitoshi Takeshita, and Yukio Nishimura. "Proton Tunneling In 5-Chlorotropolone-M1 (M = Kr, Xe, CH4) Van Der Waals Complexes." Laser Chemistry 15, no. 2-4 (January 1, 1995): 229–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1995/28981.

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The S1-S0 fluorescence excitation spectra of 5-chlorotropolone-M1 (M = Kr, Xe, CH4) van der Waals (vdW) complexes in the region near the electronic origin have been measured in a supersonic free jet to investigate the effect of the vdW interactions on proton tunneling. Tunneling splittings have been observed in the vdW vibrations as well as in the 000 transitions of the Kr and Xe complexes. The 000 tunneling splitting of the 5-chlorotropolone-(CH4)1 complex is significantly smaller than those of the Kr and Xe complexes. It has been suggested that the vdW vibrations couple with intramolecular motions, leading to a higher potential energy barrier to tunneling in the CH4 complex. The results of the 5- chlorotropolone complexes have been compared to those of the tropolone complexes.
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6

Liu, Xue-Wen, and A. P. Stamp. "Resonance splitting effect in multibarrier tunneling." Physical Review B 47, no. 24 (June 15, 1993): 16605–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.47.16605.

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7

Yang, Rongcao, and Xiaoling Wu. "Spatial soliton tunneling, compression and splitting." Optics Express 16, no. 22 (October 17, 2008): 17759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.16.017759.

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8

PECORA, LOUIS M., HOSHIK LEE, and DONG-HO WU. "REGULARIZATION OF TUNNELING RATES WITH QUANTUM CHAOS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 22, no. 10 (October 2012): 1250247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127412502471.

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We study tunneling in various shaped, closed, two-dimensional, flat-potential, double wells by calculating the energy splitting between symmetric and antisymmetric state pairs. For shapes that have regular or nearly regular classical behavior (e.g. rectangular or circular) the tunneling rates vary greatly over wide ranges often by several orders of magnitude. However, for well shapes that admit more classically chaotic behavior (e.g. the stadium, the Sinai billiard) the range of tunneling rates narrows, often by orders of magnitude. This dramatic narrowing appears to come from destabilization of periodic orbits in the regular wells that produce the largest and smallest tunneling rates and causes the splitting versus energy relation to take on a possibly universal shape. It is in this sense that we say the quantum chaos regularizes the tunneling rates.
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9

Klochikhin, V. L., and L. I. Trakhtenberg. "Tunneling splitting in vibrational spectra of molecules." Chemical Physics Letters 285, no. 1-2 (March 1998): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2614(97)01469-3.

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10

Sewell, Thomas D., Yin Guo, and Donald L. Thompson. "Semiclassical calculations of tunneling splitting in malonaldehyde." Journal of Chemical Physics 103, no. 19 (November 15, 1995): 8557–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.470166.

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11

Guo, Yin, Thomas D. Sewell, and Donald L. Thompson. "Semiclassical Calculations of Tunneling Splitting in Tropolone." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 102, no. 26 (June 1998): 5040–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp980445y.

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12

Jansen, Karl, and Yue Shen. "Tunneling and energy splitting in Ising models." Nuclear Physics B 393, no. 3 (March 1993): 658–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(93)90077-3.

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13

Yousefi, Yousef, and Khikmat Kh Muminov. "Quadrupole Excitation in Tunnel Splitting Oscillation in Nanoparticle." Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 2012 (2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/530765.

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We analyze the interference between tunneling paths that occur for a spin system with special Hamiltonian both for dipole and quadrupole excitations. Using an instanton approach, we find that as the strength of the second-order transverse anisotropy is increased, the tunnel splitting for both excitations is modulated, with zeros occurring periodically and the number of quenching points for quadrupole excitation decreasing. This effect results from the interference of four tunneling paths connecting easy-axis spin orientations and occurs in the absence of any magnetic field.
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14

Demchenko, D. O., A. N. Chantis, and A. G. Petukhov. "SPIN FILTERING IN MAGNETIC HETEROSTRUCTURES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 15, no. 24n25 (October 10, 2001): 3247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979201007579.

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Several techniques were proposed to achieve solid state spin filtering such as magnetic tunnel junctions comprised of half-metallic compounds or solid state Stern-Gerlach apparatus. Another alternative consists in using spin-dependent resonant tunneling through magnetically active quantum wells. Recent advances in molecular beam epitaxial growth made it possible to fabricate exotic heterostructures comprised of magnetic films or buried layers (ErAs, GaxMn1-xAs) integrated with conventional semiconductors (GaAs) and to explore quantum transport in these heterostructures. It is particularly interesting to study spin-dependent resonant tunneling in double-barrier resonant tunneling diodes (RTD) with magnetic elements such as GaAs/AlAs/ErAs/AlAs/ErAs/AlAs/GaAs, GaxMn1-xAs/AlAs/GaAs/AlAs/GaAs, and GaAs/AlAs/GaxMn1-xAs/AlAs/GaAs. We present the results of our theoretical studies and computer simulations of transmission coefficients and current-voltage characteristics of resonant tunneling diodes based on these double-barrier structures. Resonant tunneling of holes (GaxMn1-xAs-based RTDs) is considered. Our approach is based on k·p perturbation theory with exchange splitting effects taken into account. We analyze exchange splitting of different resonant channels as a function of magnetization as well as spin polarization of the transmitted current as a function of bias. We found that resonant tunneling I – V characteristics of the double-barrier magnetic hererostructures strongly depend on the doping level in the emitter as well as on the orientation of the magnetization.
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15

Mil’nikov, Gennady V., Kiyoshi Yagi, Tetsuya Taketsugu, Hiroki Nakamura, and Kimihiko Hirao. "Tunneling splitting in polyatomic molecules: Application to malonaldehyde." Journal of Chemical Physics 119, no. 1 (July 2003): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1586252.

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16

Pham, C. Huy, and V. Lien Nguyen. "Tunneling through finite graphene superlattices: resonance splitting effect." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 27, no. 9 (February 18, 2015): 095302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/27/9/095302.

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17

Lee, Soo-Young, Jae-Rok Kahng, Sahng-Kyoon Yoo, D. K. Park, C. H. Lee, Chang Soo Park, and Eui-Soon Yim. "Instantonic Approach to Triple-Well Potential." Modern Physics Letters A 12, no. 24 (August 10, 1997): 1803–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732397001837.

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By using the usual instanton method, we obtain the energy splitting due to quantum tunneling through the triple-well barrier. It is shown that the term related to the midpoint of the energy splitting in propagator is quite different from that of double-well case, in that it is proportional to the algebraic average of the frequencies of the left and central wells. The result of the energy splitting is consistent with the known variational calculation.
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18

Zhi-de, Chen, and Zhang Shu-qun. "Numerical study on tunneling splitting in biaixal spin systems." Chinese Physics 9, no. 11 (November 2000): 848–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1009-1963/9/11/011.

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19

Morais Smith, C., B. Ivlev, and G. Blatter. "Macroscopic quantum tunneling in a dc SQUID: Instanton splitting." Physical Review B 49, no. 6 (February 1, 1994): 4033–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.49.4033.

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20

Skvortsov, Dmitry, Russell Sliter, Myong Yong Choi, and Andrey F. Vilesov. "Interchange-tunneling splitting in HCl dimer in helium nanodroplets." Journal of Chemical Physics 128, no. 9 (March 7, 2008): 094308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2834925.

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21

Zolotaryuk, A. V. "A phenomenon of splitting resonant-tunneling one-point interactions." Annals of Physics 396 (September 2018): 479–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aop.2018.07.030.

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22

Ast, C. R. "Extracting the Rashba splitting from scanning tunneling microscopy measurements." Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena 201 (May 2015): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elspec.2014.12.008.

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23

Mandziuk, Margaret. "On the tunneling splitting in a cyclic water trimer." Chemical Physics Letters 661 (September 2016): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2016.08.024.

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24

SANKOWSKI, PIOTR, and PERLA KACMAN. "MODELING OF TUNNELING MAGNETORESISTANCE IN (Ga,Mn)As–TRILAYERS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 23, no. 12n13 (May 20, 2009): 2969–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979209062645.

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A model which combines the Landauer-Büttiker formalism with empirical multi-orbital tight-binding approach is used to predict conditions for improving the performance of tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) in ( Ga , Mn ) As -based trilayer structures, in particular, for reducing the bias anomaly effect. The calculations show that two parameters, i.e., the spin splitting in the magnetic layers and the height of the tunneling barrier, define a two range decay of the TMR with bias. It is shown that the higher is the barrier in the spacer layer and the bigger is the spin-splitting in the magnetic layers, the slower is the decay of the TMR ratio with the applied voltage. The model predicts also that the TMR decay can be additionally reduced when the hole concentrations in the two magnetic layers are different. Finally, to account, at least partially, for the interface roughness, we allow for a Gaussian distribution of the ions in the interface region.
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25

Siegert, Benjamin, Andrea Donarini, and Milena Grifoni. "Effects of spin–orbit coupling and many-body correlations in STM transport through copper phthalocyanine." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 6 (December 22, 2015): 2452–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.6.254.

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The interplay of exchange correlations and spin–orbit interaction (SOI) on the many-body spectrum of a copper phtalocyanine (CuPc) molecule and their signatures in transport are investigated. We first derive a minimal model Hamiltonian in a basis of frontier orbitals that is able to reproduce experimentally observed singlet–triplet splittings. In a second step SOI effects are included perturbatively. Major consequences of the SOI are the splitting of former degenerate levels and a magnetic anisotropy, which can be captured by an effective low-energy spin Hamiltonian. We show that scanning tunneling microscopy-based magnetoconductance measurements can yield clear signatures of both these SOI-induced effects.
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26

TAO, Y. C., and J. G. HU. "TUNNELING MAGNETORESISTANCE IN FERROMAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTOR TUNNEL JUNCTIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 18, no. 16 (June 30, 2004): 2247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797920402607x.

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Taking into account the basic physics of diluted ferromagnetic semiconductors (DMS), we use the tunneling Hamiltonian approach to studying the spin-polarized transport in GaMnAs / AlAs / GaMnAs DMS tunnel junctions. It is found that the splitting, Fermi energies, and the hole concentration for a fixed Mn impurity density vary with temperature, which exert a great influence on the spin-polarized transport of the DMS. We have also shown that there exists a spin-flip tunneling process arising from the impurity Mn scattering in the barrier, and the variation of normalized conductance difference ΔG with temperature is consistent with that of experiment.
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27

Li, Run Jun, Ren Liang Shan, Run Sheng Li, Jin Yang Lv, and Yong Wei Song. "Key Construction Technology of Shield Machine Passing through the Airport Apron in Shallow Soft Soil." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 1197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.1197.

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It is a hard engineering problem for the shield machine passing through the capital airport apron in shallow soft soil. Tunneling parameters were obtained from the 50m simulation test section ahead the apron. The shield machine kept tunneling steady and balanced by optimizing the control technology of soil pressure and grouting. According to the monitoring results, the secondary and repeated grouting technology was applied timely. The deep splitting grouting technology was used when the monitoring value exceeding control standards. The settlement value was effectively controlled.
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28

Peternelj, J., I. Kodeli, and M. M. Pintar. "Rotational tunneling of methyl groups in a strong magnetic field: a path-integral approach." Canadian Journal of Physics 67, no. 11 (November 1, 1989): 1085–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p89-187.

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The magnetic-flux splitting of the E levels of the methyl group in a threefold potential is analyzed using path-integral techniques. The results are in agreement with the conclusions obtained previously using the traditional methods of wave mechanics. The influence of the magnetic-flux splitting on the spin-lattice relaxation in single crystal samples is also discussed.
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29

Fouokeng, G. C., M. Tchoffo, S. Moussiliou, J. C. Ngana Kuetche, Lukong Cornelius Fai, and Massou Siaka. "Effect of Noise on the Decoherence of a Central Electron Spin Coupled to an Antiferromagnetic Spin Bath." Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/526205.

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We analyze the influence of a two-state autocorrelated noise on the decoherence and on the tunneling Landau-Zener (LZ) transitions during a two-level crossing of a central electron spin (CES) coupled to a one dimensional anisotropic-antiferomagnetic spin, driven by a time-dependent global external magnetic field. The energy splitting of the coupled spin system is found through an approach that computes the noise-averaged frequency. At low magnetic field intensity, the decoherence (or entangled state) of a coupled spin system is dominated by the noise intensity. The effects of the magnetic field pulse and the spin gap antiferromagnetic material used suggest to us that they may be used as tools for the direct observation of the tunneling splitting through the LZ transitions in the sudden limit. We found that the dynamical frequencies display basin-like behavior decay with time, with the birth of entanglement, while the LZ transition probability shows Gaussian shape.
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30

Cvitaš, Marko T. "Quadratic String Method for Locating Instantons in Tunneling Splitting Calculations." Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation 14, no. 3 (January 23, 2018): 1487–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jctc.7b00881.

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31

Siebrand, Willem, Zorka Smedarchina, and Antonio Fernández-Ramos. "Communication: Selection rules for tunneling splitting of vibrationally excited levels." Journal of Chemical Physics 139, no. 2 (July 14, 2013): 021101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4813002.

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32

Tautermann, Christofer S., Andreas F. Voegele, and Klaus R. Liedl. "The ground-state tunneling splitting of various carboxylic acid dimers." Journal of Chemical Physics 120, no. 2 (January 8, 2004): 631–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1630565.

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33

Brill, Dieter R. "Splitting of an extremal Reissner-Nordström throat via quantum tunneling." Physical Review D 46, no. 4 (August 15, 1992): 1560–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.46.1560.

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34

Liu, Xue-Wen, and A. P. Stamp. "Resonant tunneling and resonance splitting: The inherent properties of superlattices." Physical Review B 50, no. 3 (July 15, 1994): 1588–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.50.1588.

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35

Song, Dae-Yup. "Tunneling and energy splitting in an asymmetric double-well potential." Annals of Physics 323, no. 12 (December 2008): 2991–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aop.2008.09.004.

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36

Morgan, Michael, and Frank Bridges. "Hydrostatic pressure dependence of the tunneling splitting in RbCl: Ag+." Solid State Communications 61, no. 6 (February 1987): 355–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-1098(87)90584-9.

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37

Deshpande, M. R., J. W. Sleight, M. A. Reed, R. G. Wheeler, and R. J. Matyi. "Zeeman splitting of single semiconductor impurities in resonant tunneling heterostructures." Superlattices and Microstructures 20, no. 4 (December 1996): 513–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/spmi.1996.0109.

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38

Pokutnyi, S. I., and N. G. Shkoda. "Electron tunneling in the germanium/silicon heterostructure with germanium quantum dots: theory." Himia, Fizika ta Tehnologia Poverhni 12, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 306–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/hftp12.04.306.

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It is shown that electron tunneling through a potential barrier that separates two quantum dots of germanium leads to the splitting of electron states localized over spherical interfaces (a quantum dot – a silicon matrix). The dependence of the splitting values of the electron levels on the parameters of the nanosystem (the radius a quantum dot germanium, as well as the distance D between the surfaces of the quantum dots) is obtained. It has been shown that the splitting of electron levels in the QD chain of germanium causes the appearance of a zone of localized electron states, which is located in the bandgap of silicon matrix. It has been found that the motion of a charge-transport exciton along a chain of quantum dots of germanium causes an increase in photoconductivity in the nanosystem. It is shown that in the QD chain of germanium a zone of localized electron states arises, which is located in the bandgap of the silicon matrix. Such a zone of local electron states is caused by the splitting of electron levels in the QD chain of germanium. Moreover, the motion of an electron in the zone of localized electron states causes an increase in photoconductivity in the nanosystem. The effect of increasing photoconductivity can make a significant contribution in the process of converting the energy of the optical range in photosynthesizing nanosystems. It has been found that comparison of the splitting dependence of the exciton level Eех(а) at a certain radius a QD with the experimental value of the width of the zone of localized electron states arising in the QD chain of germanium, allows us to obtain the distances D between the QD surfaces. It has been shown that by changing the parameters of Ge/Si heterostructures with germanium QDs (radius of a germanium QD, as well as the distance D between the surfaces of the QDs), it is possible to vary the positions and widths of the zones of localized electronic states. The latter circumstance opens up new possibilities in the use of such nanoheterostructures as new structural materials for the creation of new nano-optoelectronics and nano-photosynthesizing devices of the infrared range.
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39

ZHU, TAO, JI-RONG REN, and DOUGLAS SINGLETON. "HAWKING-LIKE RADIATION AS TUNNELING FROM THE APPARENT HORIZON IN AN FRW UNIVERSE." International Journal of Modern Physics D 19, no. 02 (February 2010): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271810016336.

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We study Hawking-like radiation in a Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) universe using the quasi-classical WKB/tunneling method, which pictures this process as a "tunneling" of particles from behind the apparent horizon. The correct temperature of the Hawking-like radiation from the FRW space–time is obtained using a canonical invariant tunneling amplitude. In contrast to the usual quantum-mechanical WKB/tunneling problem, where the tunneling amplitude has only a spatial contribution, we find that the tunneling amplitude for FRW space–time (i.e. the imaginary part of the action) has both spatial and temporal contributions. In addition we study backreaction and energy conservation of the radiated particles and find that the tunneling probability and the change in entropy, [Formula: see text], are related by the relationship [Formula: see text], which differs from the standard result, [Formula: see text]. By regarding the whole FRW universe as an isolated adiabatic system, the change in the total entropy is zero. Then, splitting the entropy between the interior and exterior parts of the horizon [Formula: see text], we can explain the origin of the minus sign difference with the usual result: our [Formula: see text] is for the interior region, while the standard result from black hole physics is for the exterior region.
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40

Matyushkin, Yakov, Maxim Moskotin, Yuriy Rogov, Aleksandr Kuntsevich, Gregory Goltsman, and Georgy Fedorov. "Single-particle states spectroscopy in individual carbon nanotubes with an aid of tunneling contacts." Applied Physics Letters 120, no. 8 (February 21, 2022): 083104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0080093.

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Recent studies have demonstrated that the band structure of a carbon nanotube (CNT) depends not only on its geometry but also on various factors such as atmosphere chemical composition and dielectric environment. Systematic studies of these effects require an efficient tool for an in situ investigation of a CNT band structure. In this work, we fabricate tunneling contacts to individual semiconducting carbon nanotubes through a thin layer of alumina and perform tunneling spectroscopy measurements. We use field-effect transistor configuration with four probe contacts (two tunnel and two ohmic) and bottom gates. Bandgap values extracted from tunneling measurements match the values estimated from the diameter value within the zone-folding approximation. We also observe the splitting of Van-Hove singularities of the density of states under an axial magnetic field.
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41

NAKAMURA, HIROKI. "NONADIABATIC TRANSITION AND CHEMICAL DYNAMICS: MULTI-DIMENSIONAL TUNNELING THEORY AND APPLICATIONS OF THE ZHU–NAKAMURA THEORY." Journal of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry 04, no. 01 (March 2005): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219633605001386.

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Tunneling and nonadiabatic transition are the most important quantum mechanical effects in chemical dynamics. They are important not only for understanding the dynamics properly, but also for controlling molecular functions. The Zhu–Nakamura (ZN) theory can be combined with the quasi-classical trajectory method and with the IVR(Initial Value Representation)-type semiclassical theory to deal with large chemical systems. Laser control of molecular processes and control of molecular functions can also be realized by properly controlling nonadiabatic transitions. Furthermore, we have recently formulated an accurate theory for evaluating tunneling splitting and tunneling decay rate in multi-dimensional systems and also developed an efficient method to find caustics in multi-dimensional space. These methods combined with the ZN theory are expected to clarify various large scale chemical dynamics. This is a short review article on our recent activities mentioned above.
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42

NG, K. W., and MARIO FREAMAT. "EXCHANGE FIELD EFFECT ON THE ANDREEV BOUND STATE STUDIED BY FERROMAGNET/HIGH Tc SUPERCONDUCTOR INTERFACE." International Journal of Modern Physics B 19, no. 01n03 (January 30, 2005): 495–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797920502889x.

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We have prepared Ag / BSCCO and Fe / Ag / BSCCO planar junctions to study the effect of Fe exchange field on the tunneling spectra. The junctions were constructed so that the tunneling direction is within the ab-plane, either along the maximum or minimum gap direction. Andreev bound states were observed as zero energy peak in the minimum gap direction. The exchange field caused major splitting of the zero energy peak, which did not occur in Ag / BSCCO junctions. We had detected a few percent (6 to 7%) of s-wave subcomponent at the interface in many of these junctions. This s-wave subcomponent had a Tc of about 20K.
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43

Tautermann, Christofer S., Andreas F. Voegele, and Klaus R. Liedl. "The ground state tunneling splitting of the 2-pyridone2-hydroxypyridine dimer." Chemical Physics 292, no. 1 (July 2003): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-0104(03)00254-4.

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44

Chou, Yung-Ching. "Group-theoretical investigation of the tunneling splitting patterns of enolic acetylacetone." Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy 263, no. 1 (September 2010): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jms.2010.06.009.

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45

Smedarchina, Zorka, Willem Siebrand, and Antonio Fernández-Ramos. "Tunneling splitting in double-proton transfer: Direct diagonalization results for porphycene." Journal of Chemical Physics 141, no. 17 (November 7, 2014): 174312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4900717.

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46

Nikitenko, Sergey I., Timothé Di Pasquale, Tony Chave, and Rachel Pflieger. "Hypothesis about electron quantum tunneling during sonochemical splitting of water molecule." Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 60 (January 2020): 104789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104789.

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47

Hartmann-Boutron, Fran�oise. "A simple Derivation of the Tunneling Splitting for Large Quantum Spins." Journal de Physique I 5, no. 10 (October 1995): 1281–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp1:1995197.

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48

Mil’nikov, Gennady V., Kiyoshi Yagi, Tetsuya Taketsugu, Hiroki Nakamura, and Kimihiko Hirao. "Simple and accurate method to evaluate tunneling splitting in polyatomic molecules." Journal of Chemical Physics 120, no. 11 (March 15, 2004): 5036–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1647052.

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49

Peng, Yandong, Aihong Yang, Lin Jiang, Zhaoxin Li, and Shilin Xu. "Cavity linewidth engineering from tunneling induced transparency to Autler–Towns splitting." Optics Communications 338 (March 2015): 560–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2014.11.041.

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50

Choi, Changho, and M. M. Pintar. "Tunneling splitting due to weak coupling between methyl rotators in acetylacetone." Journal of Chemical Physics 106, no. 9 (March 1997): 3473–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.473443.

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