Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Turbidites – Analyse – Afrique du Sud'
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Poujol, Marc. "Etude U-Pb et Pb-Pb de la Murchison Greenstone Belt et du bassin aurifère d'Evander, Afrique du Sud : implications pour l'évolution du Kaapvaal Craton." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20196.
Full textElmoutaki, Sai͏̈da. "Transition glaciaire-interglaciaire et Younger Dryas dans l'hémisphère sud (1°-20° Sud) : analyse palynologique à haute résolution de sondages mari et continentaux (lac et marécage)." Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX30062.
Full textMaisonnave, Hélène. "La politique de discrimination positive en Afrique du sud : une analyse en équilibre général calculable." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE0048.
Full textFifteen years after the end of apartheid in South Africa, inequalities remain within population. The state of the labor market is a reflection of the crippling legacies of the apartheid years and, as such, is a major challenge confronting the government. The government proposed an affirmative action on labor market to promote PHD to qualified jobs. In this work, we analyze with a CGE Model, the impact of this affirmative action policy on the South African economy and its impact on poverty, thanks to a TOP-DOWN analysis. We find that this policy is good for growth and poverty falls down for each population group. Then, we analyze this politic into a dynamic CGE Model and evaluate the results twenty years later. The impact steels good for the economy and the agents. As the most relevant in South African labor market is discrimination in the pre-labor market, the government decides to promote education to allow each South African to become qualified. We analyze the impact of this policy in a dynamic way, with a behavior function for student directly determined by the policy, so students can choose to go on studying or entering the labor market. Results we find are interesting, African become more qualified twenty years later. The policy has produced more qualified people, that was the main objective
Galichon, Valérie. "Etude de la structure trabéculaire interne de l'ilium des premiers hominidés d'Afrique du Sud : analyse d'images digitales." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MNHN0013.
Full textBengobeyi, Benjamin Jean-Jacques. "La politique africaine de l'Afrique du Sud : analyse des médiations en République démocratique du Congo, au Burundi et en Côte d'Ivoire." Reims, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REIMD006.
Full textSince it joined the international community in 1994, after many years in Apartheid, South Africa has been acting as a mediator, practising a policy of good offices, and offering to mediate in a certain number of conflicts in Africa. Therefore, it is worth it for us to draw up a provisory assessment of its African policy up to its regional mediation attempts in Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Ivory Coast, among others. This study also shows the highlights of South Africa's power and the incapacity of the rainbow nation to define the rule of the game so as to establish a peace order. It is patently obvious that, even if South Africa's commitment in the international scene can be conclusive, it paradoxically constitutes a limit in its Foreign Policy. We can thus fear that the improbable results of its diplomatic interventions should make it lose its credibility as a major actor for the establishment of Peace and stability in the African continent
Liman, Falmata. "La problématique de l'intégration régionale : une analyse à partir des relations du Royaume du Lesotho avec la République d'Afrique du Sud." Dijon, 2000. https://nuxeo.u-bourgogne.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/43ee2882-7be1-44f3-92c8-3f77dc3fa12c.
Full textHuntsman-Mapila, Philippa. "Bassins de rift à des stades précoces de leur développement : l'exemple du bassin Makgadikgadi-Okavango-Zambezi, Botswana et du bassin Sud-Tanganyika (Tanzanie et Zambie) : composition géochimique des sédiments : traceurs des changements climatiques et tectoniques." Brest, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00161196.
Full textThis thesis presents the results of a multidisciplinary study of sediments, with an emphasis on geochemistry, with the following objectives: I) improve our understanding of geochemical processes occurring as a result of erosion, transport and deposition in two rift basin in their early stage of development; 2) reconstruct environments in these two regions of the rift during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene and 3) define sedimentary and geochemical criteria to allow us to discriminate tectonic setting and climate change in nascent and early stage rift basins. 11e two basins chosen to represent early stage rift development were I) the Makgadikgadi-Okavango-Zambezi basin located in NW Botswana md 2) the Mpulungu Basin, located at the south-western extremity of Lake Tanganyika. The geochemicat study of sediments and water of the Okavango Delta revealed the presence of elevated arsenic in the groundwater occurring as n result of the dissolution of oxides under reducing conditions. The presence of elevated arsenic in the sediments is linked to organic rich clays, deposited under lacustrine conditions during periods of higher rainfall et possible impoundment of the river by die Thamalakane Fault. The geochemical results were used as n proxy for climate change in the Mpulungu basin. The results indicate n remarkable excursion winch coincides with the Younder Dryas event, Tins environmental event appears to be the most important event in southem Lai Tanganyika during the period 23 —3 ka, winch is characterized by the transport of weathered material into die basin due ton change in vegetation cove in the catchment area
Du, Castel Antoine. "Cultiver le capital. Une analyse de la financiarisation de l’agriculture en Afrique du sud par les « filières agro-financières » du private equity." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS110.
Full textThe dissertation examines the transformations generated by the proliferation of private equity funds and firms in South African agriculture. Positioning itself at the crossroad of economic sociology and political economy, it analyses a specific financial device, i.e. private equity, and its transmission effects. By collecting empirical data and analyzing about 15 case studies, the dissertation exposes capital’s circulation and reproduction along private equity’s “agro-financial filières”. Three groups of actors are part of such circuits of capital –institutional investors, asset managers and companies’ managers, collectively engaged in the production of agricultural assets. Firstly, the dissertation focuses on asset managers’ level and analyses their daily commercial and productive work, i.e. their capacities to develop, coordinate and maintain private equity’s filières. Secondly, it also examins the agro-food companies in South Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa, in order to assess the impacts on the firms’ structure and governance. Thirdly, it analyses the political and social restructuration in particular of the agricultural sector in the post-apartheid era. From these specific case studies, the project of this dissertation is to analyze the terms and effects of contemporary economies’ financialisation on agriculture. Indeed, the extension of the financial realm is based on trans-sectorial spaces, structured around financial markets’ requirements, contesting the form and intensity of sectors’ economic regulations
Rocha, Barbosa Oscar. "Analyse morpho-fonctionnelle des convergences de l'appareil locomoteur des grands rongeurs caviomorphes d'Amérique du sud et de petits artiodactyles d'Afrique et d'Asie." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MNHN0001.
Full textNguetchom, Marie Louise Liliane Yemdam. "Pour une redefinition du phoneme analyse socio-ecolinguistique du phoneme francais r : le cas des immigres francophones du Cameroun en Afrique du sud /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05152007-083229.
Full textRivier, Michel. "Analyse et optimisation multicritères d’un procédé de transfert thermique et de séchage pour une application en Afrique de l’Ouest." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NSAM0003.
Full textThe reinforcement of the food processing sector is recognized as a driving factor for the development of sub-Saharan African countries, faced with considerable major demographic growth accompanied by a high rate of urbanization. While the agribusiness companies generate added value locally and boost agricultural production, they find difficulties in obtaining efficient equipment and securing their energy supply.Agribusiness process design and optimization methods are still underdeveloped, due to the complexity of these systems (food composition and properties, variable and changing quality, etc.), modelling of which is not easy since it requires multidisciplinary knowledge.This work proposes to implement an integrated method, already proven in other industrial fields, the “Observation-Interpretation-Aggregation” method (OIA), and apply it to a process coupling a biomass energy conversion unit to a cereal products dryer. The bioenergy supply for drying, a very common practice in West Africa despite being energy-intensive, represents a challenge for the companies. The design of this process takes into account the various objectives such as quality of the dried product, local manufacture and the energy efficiency of the equipment, in order to guarantee better sustainability.First of all, the models for heat transfer and pressure loss associated with an innovative elliptic turbulator are created. This component is inserted into the tubes of a heat exchanger, and significantly improves heat transfer. Secondly, the process design and observation variables are defined and justified. The representation models of the various unit operations are developed and brought together in a simulator, in order to predict the process performances. Finally, the simulator is integrated into a multicriteria optimization environment able to formalize, interpret and then aggregate end user preferences. This procedure is based on a genetic algorithm. The relevance of the high-performance design solutions produced reveals the full benefit and performance of the OIA method. In this way, the designer obtains objective information on which to base their choices, and develop sustainable drying facilities for West Africa
Alagbe, Mérick Freedy. "La coopération sino-africaine à travers le FOCAC. Contribution à une analyse empirique et théorique de la présence chinoise en Afrique noire." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30014.
Full textWhereas the China-Africa cooperation under the tough era of decolonization in 1960’s was strongly fostered by shared revolutionary ideology and Bandung spirit, that is not the case in the new phase in the early 21st century. Indeed, the deep changes occurred between the two centuries, the renewal of leaders within both sides and internal challenges faced by them, speeded up the entrance into a new era where economy becomes the cornerstone of their cooperation. The birth of FOCAC reveals the willingness to handle effectively the relationship between China and Africa, as well as it shows the intensity and the seize of their trade. What is that institution gathering together so many countries? What are its theoretical foundations? And what kind of response it provides to those who belittle China offensive in Africa? These are shortly, the main outlines of this work
Lejars, Caroline. "Organisation des approvisionnements et systèmes de paiement dans les filières agro-alimentaires : analyse appliquée aux filières canne à sucre." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004825.
Full textAcosta, Raphael. "Développement durable et marchés émergents : le cas de l'ISR en Afrique du Sud, au Brésil et en Inde." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD013/document.
Full textAccording to traditional financial theory, markets are deemed efficient and investors rational. They base the choice of their portfolios on well-defined financial parameters, following their own risk aversion. With the development of socially responsible investments (SRIs) in the middle of the 90s, a vast domain of research became available when selectingone’s portfolio. Indeed, investors integrate new elements which are out of the financial scope to their strategy of portfolio management, thus diverging from the traditional financial theory. The birth and development of this new type of investments has triggered the scientific community’s enthusiasm with more and more academic publications being written on the matter. Research has mostly tackled SRIs related to the main western marketplaces withdiverging results. The objective of this thesis is to deepen the analysis of the financial behavior of these funds and socially responsible indicators from three emerging markets – South-Africa, Brazil and India – while taking into consideration the risks specific to thesemarketplaces and funds, and to appreciate their interest in terms of internationaldiversification of portfolios.This thesis is divided into four independent sections which follow a certain logic in writing and composition in order to answer our questions in the best way possible. The two first sections will introduce the subject and domain of this research. They will mostly deal with the theoretical aspect in order to conceptualize the research’s subject and put it into context. The two following sections will focus on empirical analysis. SRIs will be analyzed as pure financial performances, but also as vectors of diversification for portfolios which is, to our knowledge, relatively absent from academic publications. Moreover, two scales were used for space and time, dividing the research according to the different phases of the 2008financial crisis and by analyzing performances following local and international dimensions. On the theoretical aspect, this study brings new elements concerning the comprehension of SRIs in a cross-cultural context, by questioning ethical perception, resulting financial strategies, and their economic impact. The empirical results have shown the financial interest for SRIs in these three markets in terms of performance and diversification of portfolios, from both a domestic and an international point of view
Na teoria financeira clássica, os mercados são supostamente eficientes e osinvestidores supostamente racionais. Esses últimos selecionam suas carteiras de açõesbaseando-se em parâmetros financeiros definidos em função do seu sentimento de aversão aorisco. Com o desenvolvimento do Investimento Socialmente Responsável (ISR), meados dosanos 90, abriu-se um vasto campo de pesquisa em seleção de carteiras de ações. De fato, osinvestidores integram dados extra-financeiros na elaboração de suas estratégias de gestão dascarteiras de ações, rompendo, assim, com a teoria financeira clássica. O desenvolvimento desse novo tipo de investimento entusiasmou a comunidadecientífica e multiplicaram-se as publicações acadêmicas. As pesquisas concentraram-se nasperformances dos ISR nos grandes mercados financeiros ocidentais, obtendo-se entretantoresultados divergentes. O objetivo dessa tese é aprofundar a análise do comportamentofinanceiro dos fundos e índices SR nos mercados emergentes – África do Sul, Brasil e Índia –levando em conta seus riscos específicos e apreciar o seu interesse no que concerne adiversificação internacional das carteiras de ações.Nossa tese compõe-se de quatro capítulos independentes seguindo uma lógica deredação e composição afim de responder da melhor forma possível as questões da pesquisa.Os dois primeiros capítulos introduzem o objeto do campo de pesquisa. Eles apresentam uminteresse essencialmente teórico para conceituar o objeto da pesquisa e contextualizar o seucampo de aplicação. Os dois últimos capítulos são consagrados as análises empíricas. Os ISR sãoanalisados como objetos de performances financeiras puras e também como vetores dediversificação das carteiras de ações, o que, a nosso conhecimento, ainda é relativamenteausente das publicações acadêmicas. Por outro lado, duas escalas de tempo e espaço foramcruzadas dividindo a pesquisa segundo as diferentes fases da crise financeira de 2008 eanalisando as performances a nível local e internacional.No campo teórico esse estudo traz novos elementos para a compreensão dos ISRdentro de uma visão intercultural, questionando a percepção da ética, as estratégiasfinanceiras resultantes e seus impactos econômicos. Os resultados das análises empíricasdemonstraram o interesse financeiro dos ISR nos três mercados em termos de performances ede diversificação tanto no nível nacional que internacional
Tsotsa, Edrich Nathanaël. "L'action publique de lutte contre le VIH/SIDA Acteurs, controverses et dynamiques Analyse comparée à partir des exemples sud-africain, burkinabè et camerounais." Phd thesis, Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440155.
Full textNgoloyi, Nonkululeko Mantombi Nomalanga. "Documentation du patrimoine de l'assemblage de fossiles du site de Kromdraai contenant des hominines (Afrique du Sud) : techniques de numérisation 3D, analyse spatiale quantitative et estimation de volume." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30210.
Full textThis thesis uses multi-scalar data to create a three-dimensional (3D) representation and, to generate a complete digital record of the early hominin-bearing fossil assemblage from the lithostratigraphic Unit P at Kromdraai in the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site (Gauteng Province, South Africa). The main purposes of this research were to illustrate in 3D the temporal and spatial progression of the excavations at Kromdraai since 2014, to investigate the spatial distribution of the hominin, faunal assemblages and artefacts, and ultimately, to provide an archive documenting the archaeological heritage of Kromdraai. We provided a multi-scalar analysis of various aspects of the study site, with the application of methods such as multi-image land and aerial photogrammetry. In alignment with the principles and guidelines for the management of archaeological heritage mandated by international agencies such as UNESCO, we also present a protocol for heritage documentation. We used 3D data capture technologies to record the Kromdraai site and the archaeological evidence discovered between 2014 and 2018 from its main excavation. This research presents an original technique developed for the quantification and visualization of the volume sediments removed from the site during each excavation period. Volume estimations computed using 3D photogrammetry and digitization, provided a temporal and spatial context to the volume and location of material removed by each excavator and, a more precise and virtual repositioning of the fossil material discovered ex situ. Furthermore, we implemented metadata modelling to demonstrate the use of 4D relational database management systems for the fusion, organisation and dissemination of the Kromdraai site dataset and the sharing of intellectual property. We also introduce one of the first statistical approaches of 3D spatial patterning in Plio-Pleistocene early hominin-bearing assemblages in South Africa. Implementing classic statistical testing methods such as k-means and Density-Based Spatial Clustering and Application with Noise (DBSCAN) cluster computation in 3D, we investigated the spatial patterns of the fossil assemblage within Unit P, a sample of 810 individually catalogued specimens recovered between 2014 and 2018. The clustering of bovids, carnivores, hominins, and non-human primates revealed a non-uniform spatial distribution pattern of fossils in-situ. This research presents valuable methods that can be applied at other hominin-bearing fossil sites within the Cradle of Humankind to document an archaeological excavation and to reconstruct of the site in 3D, to document heritage information, and to enhance the interpretation of the fossil assemblages using evidence-based assessment of spatial patterns within a hominin-bearing assemblage
Ricour, Sophie. "Tectonique active à la jonction des plaques Afrique, Arabie et Anatolie-Eurasie (sud de la Turquie) : Caractérisation des failles et analyse de la déformation par un réseau GPS dense." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR1GE08.
Full textOf a geodynamic point of view, Turkey is situated at the intersection between three main tectonic plates, the African, Arabian and Eurasian plates and constitutes a tectonic key zone along the Alpine – Himalayan orogenic belt, which extends from Spain to China. Turkey is thus an excellent natural laboratory to study the convergence linked to the collision between these plates and the consequent structures that include fold and thrust belts, active faults and associated basin formations. Three main active faults meet in Turkish Hatay province, the left-lateral East Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ), the left-lateral Dead Sea Fault Zone (DSFZ) and the Cyprus Arc, respectively regarded as the Arabia – Anatolia, Arabia – Africa and Africa – Eurasia plate boundaries. Although many studies propose, of a cinematic point of view, that the limit between the Anatolian, Arabian and African plates forms a triple junction in south-eastern Turkey, the fault nature and geometry at this junction remain source of debate, in particular on the establishment of a coherent regional deformation model. Many questions remain unclear, for example: what are the velocities along the three main strike-slip fault systems? What is the role of each structure in the regional deformation? What is the relation between seismic ruptures and elastic accumulation?. . . In order to answer to this problematic, it is necessary to have a multidisciplinary approach of the deformation analysis, as well as in the short term as in the long term. Consequently, two approaches were used, one of GPS and another of identification and characterisation of active faults. Firstly, the GPS-derived velocity field includes data from six campaigns from 1991 to 2004 of a 23 station network located on both sides of active faults. This velocity field, given in different significant tectonic frames, allowed us to precisely constrain the short-term active deformation of the different blocks involved in the triple junction and to determine the instantaneous fault-slip rates. Secondly, we identified and characterised the active faults, by an analysis of the long-term deformation using the geomorphologic field recognition at different scales and a detailed analysis of space images and aerial photos, the displacement measures due to the tectonic processes and geophysical prospecting. The combined result analysis allowed us to elaborate a cinematic block model of the regional deformation. The tectonic complexity at the triple junction is based on the existence of tectonic blocs, whose limits are formed by the main active faults (i. E. The EAFZ, the DSFZ, the left-lateral Karataş – Osmaniye Fault Zone KOFZ and the left-lateral Karasu Fault KF). The use of a dislocation model in an elastic half-space, applied to the horizontal GPS velocities, gave a rate of 9. 7 ± 0. 9 mm/yr for the EAFZ, 5. 5 ± 1. 5 mm/yr for the KOFZ and 2. 5 ± 1. 0 mm/yr for the KF, velocities in agreement with long-term velocities provided by geologic and geomorphologic studies. Our work highlighted thus the major role of the Anatolian block at the junction and the direct connection of the EAFZ branches (KOFZ and KF) with the Cyprus Arc. This deformation model implies that the Karasu Valley is linked to the left-lateral strike-slip motion of the EAFZ and left-lateral and normal motions of the KF, with an extensive component of 1. 0 ± 0. 5 mm/yr estimated by GPS. Consequently, this valley constitutes a large pull-apart basin formed by the western motion of the Anatolian block and whose geometry indicates a local extensive tectonic regime during the Quaternary, which is attested by the associate volcanic episodes. In this context, the south-western continuation of the Anatolia – Arabia boundary at the junction plays as a left-lateral transpressive system, in which the large sinistral step between the EAFZ and the Cyprus Arc constitutes the Karasu Valley pull-apart basin and the associated transtensive deformation
Le, Poullennec Annael. "L'espace post-apartheid dans le cinéma sud-africain : état des lieux de la fiction (2000-2010)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3053.
Full textThis study focuses on the representation of post-apartheid space in indigenous South African fiction films. I work towards a definition of cinematic post-apartheid space, putting forth its ambivalent relations to the apartheid past, between heritage and rejection, on the levels of geographical space, socio-economic space and, mostly, represented space. I situate myself at the intersection of South African cultural studies and reflections on post-apartheid space, and of the study of the new South African cinema. I focus on fiction since it gives most room for filmmakers to represent space as they perceive it, or desire it, to be, and on feature films which carry most of the South African industry’s ambitions in terms of international recognition.I first look at the heritage of apartheid in terms of the South African film industry, the divisions of the national territory and the structure of the South African city. I argue that post-apartheid cinematic space is first and foremost defined in relation to apartheid space, whether in opposition or in terms of heritage. However, recurrent representations of individual trajectories clash with that inherited geography and are a means for filmmakers to distance themselves from the previously prescribed relations between characters and space. I also argue that the definition of a new South African identity is crucial to the characterization of post-apartheid space in films. The ambiguous representations of township space or African foreigners in South African films and the emphasis on the nationality of films in film reception put forth how deeply paradoxical the reinvention of space and identity is in post-apartheid South Africa
Eltaief, Ghalia. "Essoufflement du modèle de croissance économique des pays sud méditerranéens : analyse théorique et empirique et comparaison avec les pays asiatiques." Thesis, Paris 9, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA090018.
Full textThe thesis investigates the causes of growth weakening in southern Mediterranean countries in comparison with Asian countries through industrial and educational policies analysis, as well as through the institutional dimension. It also attempts to analyze the economic and social factors that may have contributed to triggering the revolts experienced by these countries. The main results of this research are: First, the quality of institutions is a relevant determinant of growth differences between countries. Second, Tunisia is the country that gathered together the most necessary elements for this revolution to be achieved. Third, it is found out that the degree of development of civil society as measured by the participation rate of women in the workforce as well as the rate of Internet use played an important role in triggering these revolts. This result is achieved in an environment featured by high levels of unemployment, income inequality, and low levels of democracy
Baby, Guillaume. "Mouvements verticaux des marges passives d’Afrique australe depuis 130 Ma, étude couplée : stratigraphie de bassin : analyse des formes du relief." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S009/document.
Full textThe South African (Kalahari) Plateau is the world's largest non-orogenic plateau. It forms a large-scale topographic anomaly (×1000 km) which rises from sea level to > 1000 m. Most mechanisms proposed to explain its elevation gain imply mantle processes. The age of the uplift and the different steps of relief growth are still debated. On one hand, a Late Cretaceous uplift is supported both by thermochronological studies and sedimentary flux quantifications. On the other hand, geomorphological studies suggest a Late Cenozoic uplift scenario (<30 Ma). However few attentions were paid to the evolution of the overall geomorphic system, from the upstream erosional system to the downstream depositional system. This study is based on two different approaches : onshore, on the mapping and chronology of all the macroforms (weathering surfaces and associated alterites, pediments and pediplains, incised rivers, wave-cut platforms) dated by intersection with the few preserved sediments and the volcanics (mainly kimberlites pipes) ; offshore, on a more classical dataset of seismic lines and petroleum wells, coupled with biostratigraphic revaluations (characterization and dating of vertical movements of the margins - sediment volume measurement). The main result of this study is that the South African Plateau is an old Upper Cretaceous relief (90-70 Ma) reactivated during Oligocene (30-15 Ma) times. Its evolution can be summarized as follows : 100-70 Ma (Cenomanian to Campanian): low elevation plateau (0-500 m) with older and higher reliefs located along the Indian side, acting as a main divide between the Atlantic and the Indian Oceans. First uplift occurred in the east at ~92 Ma, with a fast flexuration of the Indian margins. This initiates a paroxysm of the erosion (90-80 Ma) with the growth of a large delta along the Atlantic margin (Orange delta). Deformation migrated progressively westward and resulted on the growth of the Atlantic marginal bulge between 81 and 70 Ma. Most of the present-day relief was probably created at this time. This is supported by the decrease of the sedimentary flux which suggests a reorganisation of the interior drainage pattern ; 70-30 Ma (Uppermost Cretaceous-Paleogene): most of the relief is fossilized and weathered - relative tectonic quiescence ; 0-15 Ma (Oligocene-Early Miocene): second period of the South African Plateau uplift. Most of the deformation took place along the Indian side of the Plateau (strike flexure) feeding the Zambezi, Limpopo and Tugela deltas ; since at least Middle Miocene times, all those reliefs have been fossilized, with very low erosion rates (x1m/Ma), in response to the major aridification of southern Africa
Schers, Jules. "Economic growth, unemployment and skills in South Africa : An Analysis of different recycling schemes of carbon tax revenue." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLA039/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis gives a numerical illustration of how a carbon tax affects South African GDP, employment, CO2 emissions and socio-economic inequality. It uses a “hybrid” computable general equilibrium model of an open economy in a one-step projection from 2005 to 2035. It models second-best economies, notably skill-related rigidities in the labour market and in production of electricity. Seven scenarios for recycling of carbon tax revenue are analysed, plus an option to invest a part of tax revenue in improvement of skills of labour.The analysis shows that under conventional assumptions about technological change, a carbon tax of around 100 ZAR2005 (18 USD2013) per tonne of CO2 will have little negative consequences for GDP and employment, when combined with the right type of tax revenue recycling: Labour subsidies and company profit tax reduction likely lead to the best macro-economic outcomes, though do not reduce inequality. Additional measures are needed to reduce “energy poverty”. To achieve South Africa’s NDC of the Paris Agreement, a carbon tax rate of around 300 ZAR2005 or 55 USD2013 per tonne of CO2 is necessary. However, this could have serious impacts on GDP growth. Also, without a change in the trend of increasing labour productivity, such lower GDP will lead to higher unemployment than in the reference case. An investment in skills of 7.5 billion ZAR2005 of annual Ctax revenue, with the objective of increasing access to high quality education and reducing the high skill labour shortage, if fond to have a very positive impact on GDP growth. However better calibration data is required.The findings of this PhD thesis furthermore call for thorough examination of what type of technological change could be expected for South Africa. Technological progress, consumer preferences and international circumstances limit the economy’s capacity to restructure and decarbonise and therefore to reduce negative consequences of carbon taxation for GDP growth. Proper assessment of future technological change is relevant for all sectors and inputs. Examples are given which show that energy and materials efficiency have an important role for future GDP growth under carbon constraints, because they determine the economy’s flexibility to reduce energy consumption and to substitute it, e.g. by labour. This finding normally holds not only for South Africa, but also for the rest of the world. These results also imply that international climate policy has to address technology transfer and the different potentials of national economies to decarbonise seriously
Roulet, Pierre-Armand Roulet. "« Chasseur blanc, cœur noir ? La chasse sportive en Afrique Centrale. Une analyse de son rôle dans la conservation de la faune sauvage et le développement rural au travers des programmes de gestion communautaire ». Les cas du nord RCA et du sud-est Cameroun." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00170051.
Full textDakouo, Alain Bessiba. "La problématique de l'information territoriale et ses enjeux majeurs dans les pays du Sud : stratégie, méthodologie et projet pilote dans un pays en développement, le Mali." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC007/document.
Full textIn Africa, decentralization takes place in contexts that vary from country to country: the need to reform the Government following a crisis, the desire to establish local democracy to compensate for central or even dictatorial power, sometimes even the Government 's inability to provide basic socio-economic services such as health, education, drinking water, etc.In West Africa, decentralization was often accompanied by a redrawing of territories in the 1990s. Most West African countries have created three levels of local authorities: the Region, the Department (Cercle in Mali) and the Commune. This leads to a need for territory management and planning on several scales (inventory, monitoring of the environmental impact of development, sanitation, natural resource management, rural economic development, health, education, hydraulics and risk management). In the context of a growing need for information, development partners recognize the usefulness of the Geographic Information System (GIS) as a tool for decision making. The creation of different ministries in connection with geographic information in Mali requires pooling of skills centered on geomatics. Indeed, while each Institution and sectoral ministry has its own thematic data, their valuation is hampered by a high dispersion and disparity of geographical and cartographic data.How to share a common geospatial and territorial system across a town hall, a local authority, an NGO, the Government as well as other partners working on the same territorial? What territorial information strategy for a country like Mali?The aim of this thesis is to create, according to the concepts, methods, and technologies of current geography and statistics, a tool to support decision making in a context of overlapping responsibilities/actions and decentralization, designed to take a decisive step forward for the benefit of local territorial planning, by making coherent and available the geolocalized data necessary for an effective spatial planning policy. This strategic perspective implies going back to the distribution of powers, the ratio between free and paid software, participative information (societal, social, ethnic aspects, etc.) and the development of geographical information in Mali.An information strategy is in fact an essential prerequisite for any planning and development strategy. This thesis is an innovative project that will aim to provide answers on the implementation of such a strategy of multi-source and multi-stakeholder spatial information management in a developing country
Benmesbah, Abdelilah. "Les paleoenvironnements sédimentaires et biologiques des rides sud-rifaines occidentales (Maroc) : Essai de reconstitutions paléoécologiques à l'Aaleno-Bajocien, au miocène et au pliocène." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10336.
Full textAZZILEY, AZZIBROUCK GEORGES. "Sedimentologie et geochimie du francevillien b (proterozoique inferieur). Metallogenie des gisements de manganese de moanda, gabon." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13041.
Full textCorriveau, Stéphan. "Analyse politique et classification des relations de partenariats interorganisationnelles entre ONG canadiennes et organisations locales sud-africaines." Mémoire, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/852/1/M10201.pdf.
Full textMurith, Eva. "L'usage du droit comparé dans le raisonnement du juge : analyse en matière de droits fondamentaux au Canada et en Afrique du Sud." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22852.
Full textYemdam, Nguetchom Marie Louise Liliane. "Pour une redéfinition du phonème: analyse socio-écolinguistique du phonème français r. Le cas des immigrés francophones du Cameroun en Afrique du Sud." Diss., 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24661.
Full textDissertation (MA (French))--University of Pretoria, 2007.
Modern European Languages
unrestricted
Boco, Adébiyi Germain. "Déterminants individuels et contextuels de la mortalité des enfants de moins de cinq ans en Afrique au sud du Sahara : analyse comparative des enquêtes démographiques et de santé." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5252.
Full textChild health remains a priority area for health policy in sub-Saharan Africa. Disparities in child mortality between and within countries have persisted and widened considerably during the last few decades. While researchers have devoted considerable attention to the impact of individual-level factors on child mortality, less is known about how community characteristics and institutions affect health outcomes for children, even though they have a prominent role in theoretical models. The aim of this thesis is to identify individual and contextual effects of child mortality by using data from the latest round of Demographic Health Surveys for all countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Two sets of questions are addressed in this research. First, we evaluate the impact of contextual factors on the risk of dying before age 5 net of the effect of individual factors. The results indicate that some attributes of the community influence the mortality risks of children, over and above the intermediate factors included in this investigation. For instance, in half of the countries under study a 1% increase in the proportion of children fully immunized in the community is associated with a decrease of 17-79% in the odds of dying before age 5. The proportion of women in the community completing secondary school also significantly increases child survival. This effect is, in some countries, in addition to the positive individual-level effect of the child’s own mother being educated. Net of individual and household characteristics, higher community-level ethnic homogeneity is associated with decreased odds of dying before age 5 in some countries. Overall, the results of this study therefore suggest that the challenge to reduce under-five mortality goes beyond addressing individual factors, and requires a better understanding of contextual factors. Second, the study exploits recent national survey data for nine countries in sub-Saharan Africa to investigate the association of LBW and mortality not only in infancy but also during childhood, using a standardized methodology to adjust missing birth weight data from household surveys while accounting for unobserved family-level factors (genetic or behavioral) that may modify the relationship between birth weight and under-five-years mortality. We find evidence of the impact of birth weight on the risk of dying not only in infancy but also during childhood, which remains strong and significant in all countries even after controlling for potential confounding factors. The main policy implication of our findings is that reducing the incidence of LBW may be an important prevention strategy to combating child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa countries.
Akouété, épouse Hounsinou madoué Florentine. "La formation continue à distance des enseignants du secondaire au Bénin : réalités et perspectives." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9003.
Full textThis study focuses on the relevance and feasibility using Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) for in-service training of qualified teachers of secondary general public school in Republic of Benin through a distance education program. There were two specific objectives: the identification and analysis of in-service training needs of teachers and the study of administrative procedures, educational and technological development of such a program in the context of Republic of Benin. The population of the study was made up of 1 488 qualified teachers and a sample of 278 teachers representing them in general secondary public education of the Republic of Benin. The research was conducted on the basis of the implementation of two types of questionnaire. We used the Nominal Group Technique (NGT) to generate a data bank for designing a questionnaire to collect information from qualified teachers, and three questionnaires based on the Delphi Technique were submitted to 13 experts from the Beninese education system. It was found that a future in-service training program on distance education for secondary school teachers should include mainly the following three themes, in order of priority: 1. Information Technologies and Communications; 2. Teaching methods; 3. Specific subject areas. Experts from the Beninese education system used the Delphi Technique and established a list of 23 items corresponding to the administrative procedures, and teaching techniques for the implementation of training. Analysis of the results of the Delphi technique and the answers of the questionnaire to teachers showed that the use/integration of a variety of media to transmit knowledge and support learning is very necessary. The results of the research also showed that teachers in general secondary education need continuing education which can be facilitated by the use of distance education with the aid of ICT. An organizational model of in-service training based on the use of ICT has been suggested.