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1
Šamalík, Jakub. "Parní turbina." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229866.
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In this master’s thesis, I made a thermodynamic calculation of a steam turbine under the parameters given. In order to increase the efficiency of the low-pressure turbine section and to reduce axial length of the low-pressure rotor, a radial stage is designed in this section. The master’s thesis also includes a design of the low-pressure section. The thesis is divided into chapters, which contains a calculation of the single sections of the turbine. In the introductory chapters, the single sections of the turbine engineered are theoretically discussed. In the conclusion, assessments of the benefits of the use of radial stage are made.
2
Siuda, Radim. "Kondenzační parní turbina." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231428.
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This master’s thesis deals with design of a high speed steam turbine with detachable condensation module and integrated gearbox. As a source of energy is used heat waste, which is a result of the diesel engines function. Important options concerning conception of the turbo set are discussed in the master’s thesis. Subsequently, thermodynamic calculations for each module are done. Part of the thesis is also simplified calculation of the integral gearbox. Construction drawings of all modules and of the complete turbo set with electrical generator were created based on thermodynamic calculation.
3
Víšková, Jaroslava. "Kondenzační parní turbina." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230038.
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The theme of this master thesis is one body steam turbine of 150MW with reheat. There is calculated heat balance of the system with three low pressure heaters, deaerator and two high pressure heaters. Next part deals with calculation of blades and its lenght. Next are the attachments of blades into stator and rotor parts of the turbine. By the end of the thesis there is recalculation of heat balance scheme and blading followed by calculation of parameters for operation of turbine in 75% and 50% of the rated power output. The output of the whole thesis is drawing of horizontal cut of the turbine.
4
Řezníček, Ondřej. "Kondenzační parní turbina." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230760.
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The theme of this thesis is design of single body condensing steam turbine of 50 MW to saturated steam for new nuclear power plant generation. In the thesis is made design and calculation of balancing scheme. On the basis of the calculation is made blades part of turbine. Furthermore, the thesis solves basic strength and structural calculations. The result is drawing of longitudinal cut of the turbine.
5
Sedlák, Pavel. "Parní turbina." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229813.
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The diploma thesis concentrates on a project of condensing steam turbine with uncontrolled extraction. These topics are analyzed in more detail: design of thermal diagram, thermodynamic calculation and turbine design concepts. First two topics are solved in the calculation section of the thesis. In the construction part are processed a third topic.
6
Skoupý, Pavel. "Parní turbina." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228802.
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The master´s thesis concentrates on a project of steam turbine with controlled extraction points destined for a communal waste incineration plant. First, there the history of devices using steam as a moving medium is introduced and than follows the description of computing program, where the calculation was running. The master´s thesis subject consists in the thermodynamic project of turbine vaning, in basic project of gearbox including the check calculations and in technical economic comparison of single shaft and twin shaft constructional design. The design documentation is worked up according to the calculated outcomes and contains longitudinal section of turbine and dispositional turbine and gearbox settlement.
7
Číž, Ondřej. "Parní turbina." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228803.
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The aim of thesis entitled steam turbine is a condensing steam turbine with steam extraction, in twin-shaft implementation for municipal waste-incineration plant. The first part of the work is focused on the design used and the selected concept turbine. The second part is engaged in thermodynamic calculation of backpressure and condensing part. The end is devoted to technical – economic comparison with other possible conceptual variants.
8
Vališ, Petr. "Parní turbina." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228959.
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Goal of this dissertation is design of rotary reduction for entered input parameters that it is connected in parallel with reducing station. Further I´m looking into thermodynamic calculation of stage and chosen parts of turbine, making of project design of connection of rotary reduction to steam circulation. Dissertation is concluded by designed cross-section of turbine.
9
Morávek, Tomáš. "Parní turbina." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229079.
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This Master’s thesis deals with the general principles of design and preliminary project work on the tender processing of small industrial, heating backpressure or condensing steam turbine, engine hall for the supplied turboset, perhaps even the other functional units attached to the turboset, such as cooling circuit, condensing system and output of the cable harnesses from the generator. This thesis does not include a condensate preparation, steam production for a new turbine or a measurement and regulation control system.
10
Pokorný, Tomáš. "Parní turbina." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229862.
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Condensing steam turbine. Master's thesis of master's studies of 2th years. This master's thesis is technical research. The contents of this technical research are an analysis of a mechanical equipment of that are used for condensing steam turbine, thermodynamic calculations of passage channel for specified inlet and outlet conditions of steam, design and construction, drawing of the turbine axial cross section, operating scheme of turbine and economic analysis of operation.
11
Čípek, Petr. "Parní turbina." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231039.
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The aim of the thesis is to design a high-speed steam turbine as a small energy source. Steam turbine consists of a high-pressure, a medium-pressure and a low-pressure part with a removable condensing module. High-pressure part is designed to perform a single-stage radial turbine with axial steam outlet. The work also includes the layout of the modules and sections. To design individual parts are used steam table „X-steam“.
12
Pohořilský, Marek. "Parní turbina." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-318838.
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The master thesis deals design of condensing steam turbine in the heat scheme. The content of the thesis is divided into five parts. The first part describes the design and preliminary calculation of turbine heat balance in which the turbine is to be operated. The second part is dedicated to the preliminary design and detail calculation of control stage. The control stage is solved witch impulse blading. Next part describes the design of reaction blading type which is divided into 5 flow channels. This design is followed by the design of the last stage twisted blade geometry. Comparison of the efficiency results stage is made to the designated geometry of the last twisted blades and the preliminary design of the turbine stage, where the prismatic blade type was considered. Strength calculation is performed for the design of the last rotor blade and evaluated by Goodman and Langer criteria. The last part outlines evaluation of turbine design and technical background documentation of last stage blades is processed.
13
Merta, Libor. "Parní turbina protitlaková." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230216.
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The Diploma Thesis deals with a design of a backpressure turbine without any bleeds. The fundament of the Diploma Thesis is a thermodynamical calculation of particular parts of the turbine. Technical solutions are designed according to given details of a steam and chosen conditions of use.
14
Chrástek, Pavel. "Parní turbina protitlaková." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228871.
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The diploma works demonstrates the thermodynamic calculation and design of the geometry flow profile of the back-pressure steam turbine for specified inlet and outlet conditions of steam. Next target of the work is to design the drawing of the turbine axial cross section. Structuring of this diploma work calculation is following: - regulating stage thermodynamic calculation - turbine stages calculation - equalizing-balancing piston calculation - entire turbine intrinsic efficiency and power rating determination - basic calculation of gearbox parameters and RENK-type gearbox selection for turbine and generator arrangement
15
Girman, Peter. "Kondenzační parní turbina." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229003.
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The master´s thesis concentrates on a project of condensing steam turbine for existing heating plant with back pressure turbine. The master´s thesis subject consists in the thermodynamic calculation of regulating stage and turbine stages. Design documentation is worked up according to the calculated record. From calculated power of turbine is worked a basic project of gearbox and disposal arrangement system.
16
Palička, Miroslav. "Reverzní vírová turbina." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-416618.
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This diploma thesis describes hydraulic design of Swirl turbine, dedicated to be used for tidal powerplant and study possibilities of the turbine to work in turbine, reverse turbine, pump and reverse pump regime. From individual regimes, graphical characteristics of created hydraulic design were created and compared, using CFD simulations.
17
Pavlík, Jan. "Širokopásmová Francisova turbina." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229667.
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his diploma thesis deals with hydraulic design of vane wheel impeller of wide range Francis turbine; in addition to hydraulic calculation it consists overview of used theory, modelling in SolidWorks and computing in Fluent.
18
Kracík, Petr. "Kondenzační parní turbina." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229828.
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Diploma thesis named Condensing steam turbine deals with heat scheme balancing computation of condensing steam turbine K55 and her design. This turbine with 5 unregulated take-offs and overpressure blading type, is computed with (c_a/u) method in the middle of blading diameter. Regulation degree is chosen with impulse blading and feet cross section is checked on durability. At the end of the thesis turbine consumption characteristic is derived from the zero output up to the nominal output. Integrated part of this thesis is conceptional design of longitudal turbine section.
19
Albrecht, Jan. "Parní turbina rychloběžná." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230628.
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Main aim of presented master thesis is focused on construction of high speed steam turbine. Steam turbine is designed based on parameters of waste incineration plant in Brno. First chapters shortly summarized historical development, transformation process and work principal of steam turbine. Consequently on first captures is in depth described impulse and reaction blading including expansion in i-s diagram and basic equations for efficiency calculations. In major part of master thesis is firstly discussed conceptual possibilities of turbine application for given parameters. Based on chosen concept is compiled algorithm for thermodynamic calculation for each turbine module. Simplify calculation of gearbox is included as well. Based on calculations are compiled construction drawings of all parts of steam turbine.
20
Rosypal, Štěpán. "Kartáčová parní turbina." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230756.
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This thesis deals with brush steam turbine operation. This turbine is installed in small biomass incineration plant, which is situated in premises of company Dřevopar s.r.o. in Loštice. First part is focused on incineration plant technology introduction. Following parts are focused on brush steam turbine principle, design solutions and evaluation of the operation. Comparative steam turbines are chosen according to preliminary calculation. The end of thesis contains brush turbine and blade turbine comparison.
21
Kubiš, Zdeněk. "Protitlaková parní turbina." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230757.
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The theme of the master’s thesis is to design a 60 MW single-casing steam turbine for the two-stage district water heating. The turbine is designed for cogeneration cycle, has four uncontrolled extractions and the outlet down to the heater. First, there is the thermodynamic calculation of the turbine operation with 100 % steam mass flow. Further, the detailed design of flow part with the strength calculation of blades and diaphragms is drawn. By the end of the thesis, the required operations are compared and corresponding heat balancing diagrams are listed. The thesis also includes a turbine longitudinal section.
22
Vitovská, Michaela. "Parní turbina rychloběžná." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231339.
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The diploma thesis deals with the design of a high-speed steam turbine at given parameters provided by G-Team a.s. in Velka Bíteš. The introductory part briefly focuses on historical development of steam turbines, their operational principle and process of energy transformation. In the main part the machinery analysis of high-speed turbines has been carried out. In addition, a preliminary design of the number of turbine stages has been done. Furthermore, a thermodynamic calculation of flow channel for given input and output paramaters has been done together with the conception of construction design and turbogenerator layout. The final part introduces technical comparison of a one-stage and multy-stage high-speed steam turbine.
23
Peterka, Zdeněk. "Kondenzační parní turbina." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231367.
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The aim of this Diploma thesis is calculating the parameters of the heat balance diagram as well as creating balance sheet for winter and summer operation. In one of the first parts, the reader is acquainted with two P&I diagrams containing main accessories, which are also used in the heat scheme, KKS marking system is used to name the acces-sories. The main part of the thesis consists of a detailed calculation of the heat transfer surface of the condenser with design of the tube bundle including the main dimensions of the condenser. Last but not least, the calculations of the hydraulic losses of condenser are included in the thesis.
24
Žáček, Ondřej. "Kondenzační parní turbina." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231804.
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The aim of the thesis „Condensing steam turbine“ is design of condensing steam turbine with uncontrolled extractions. The design is made according to assigned parameters. Balancing scheme of the turbine is defined at the beginning of the thesis. Then design of the regulation stage and reaction stages is accomplished. The calculation (thermodynamic and strength) is computed for mentioned two parts. For thermodynamic calculation is used ca/u method. In closing the design of the seal system is made.
25
Lokaj, Jakub. "Teslova bezlopatková turbina." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-254360.
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The diploma thesis describes design of bladeless machine known as a Tesla turbine. The work is divided into theoretical part, practical part involving the design and experimental measurements of made bladeless turbine and a final assessment of thesis. The theoretical part deals with the basic design features of bladeless machines and their design modifications and flow in the nozzles. Furthermore there is a dedicated part of the dynamics of working fluid in the rotor of bladeless turbine represented by CFD modeling. The practical part includes the design and construction of parts of the turbine on a preliminary calculation using an analytical model of the flow in the turbine. The designed turbine components were checked for operational safety with structural calculations of shaft and disk impeller. The thesis was also performed experimental measuring of parameters of designed bladeless turbine. Measured values were compared with the analytical model which predicted turbine efficiency. In conclusion, besides to assessment, thesis also outlines possible proposals for further improvements of constructed bladeless turbine.
26
Batista, Julio Cesar [UNESP]. "Microgeração de energia eletrica (abaixo de 100kw) utilizando turbina tesla modificada." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106422.
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Este trabalho desenvolve um sistema para gerar energia elétrica com caldeira e turbina, para ocupar um nicho de mercado em que os sistemas a vapor existentes não são economicamente viáveis. O sistema utiliza a turbina Tesla que é compatível para essa faixa e não possui pás, podendo operar com vapor saturado fornecido por uma pequena caldeira consumindo lenha. A micro-geração proposta pode levar energia a milhões de brasileiros no campo, onde se dispõe de algum tipo de biomassa. Apesar do baixo custo da turbina Tesla, por ser de simples construção e compacta, e de suas incontáveis possibilidades de aplicação, se desconhece, até então, aplicações comerciais massivas devido ao baixo torque obtido nos protótipos feitos desde 1910 e por essa razão foi modificada. Este trabalho inova ao desenvolver um protótipo da turbina Tesla modificado para fornecer maior torque e ao comparar à turbina Tesla original. Devido à inexistência de equações que descrevem a turbina Tesla, um modelo matemático que permite projetar a turbina Tesla foi desenvolvido e validado por resultados experimentais e de simulação. Testes comparativos com duas turbinas com as mesmas dimensões mostraram que a turbina Tesla modificada apresentou eficiência superior à turbina Tesla original. Desenvolveu-se, também, um protótipo do sistema para micro-geração utilizando a turbina Tesla modificada, caldeira e gerador elétrico. Os custos do sistema e da energia gerada foram comparados com os de outros meios de geração mostrando serem competitivos economicamente para essa faixa de operação.
This work develops a system to generate electric power with boiler and turbine that aims to occupy the niche of the market for which steam systems are not economically viable. The system uses a Tesla turbine, which is compatible to the range of power. Also, it does not have blades, being able to operate with steam delivered by a small boiler fed with wood. The proposed micro-generation system can take energy to millions of Brazilians living in the country, where some type of biomass is available. In despite of the low cost of the Tesla turbine, because it is compact and simple to build, and despite of its uncountable possibilities of applications, massive commercial applications of the technology are not found due to the low torque of the prototypes built since 1910. For this reason, the Tesla turbine was modified. This work is original since it develops a modified Tesla turbine prototype to furnish a higher torque when compared to an original Tesla turbine. Due to the lack of equations that model a Tesla turbine, a mathematical model was developed to allow the design of the Tesla turbine; it was validated by means of experimental and simulating results. The comparative tests with two turbines, with same dimensions, showed that the modified Tesla turbine presents a higher efficiency than the original Tesla turbine. A micro-generation system, using the modified Tesla turbine, boiler and electric generator, was also developed. The costs of the system and of the generated energy were compared with other means of generation and showed to be commercially competitive for that range.
27
Zavagli, Luca. "Mini-turbina ad elica." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/3927/.
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Slezáková, Iveta. "Parní turbina s ejektorem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227925.
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The main Target of this diploma is to find some reconciliation with cooperation of turbine and ejector. This work is containing informations about this mechanisms and also its historical development. The merits of this diploma thesis is thermodynamics calculation and proposal of main parameters and proportions of the turbine and the ejector. After this it is follow by the calculation of whole system of the turbine and ejector in consequence with calculation of turbine with by-pass regulation and also comparison of power output with ejector and with by-pass technology.
29
Zemánek, Josef. "Parní turbina pro teplárnu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230744.
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The diploma thesis concentrates on a project of backpreassure steam turbine. These topics are analyzed in more detail: design of balance schema, thermodynamic calculation, loss coefficient and its effect on the loss. Technical solutions are designed according to given details of a steam and chosen conditions of use.
30
Adámek, Tomáš. "Dvoutělesová kondenzační parní turbina." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230759.
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This thesis is focused on calculation of double casing condensing steam turbine with capacity 200 MW for petrochemical industry´s consumptions. Engine is projected for gas-steam cycle. It has one controlled extraction points placed between two bodies, two uncontrolled extraction points and axial output to air-cooling condenser. Balance scheme was made for 100% operation. Detail design is made only for ST/NT casing and it includes calculation of flowing part, selection of blade´s profile and its stress control. Rotor is checked for critical speed, safety rigid coupling is calculated and according to reaction forces journal bearing are designed. In the end regulation of turbo-set is discussed more precisely and there are calculation of temperature and pressure in uncontrolled extraction points during 80% and 60% operation. Thesis was written out according to Doosan Skoda Power´s instruction and with their cooperation.
31
Klíma, Petr. "Parní turbina rychloběžná kondenzační." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231803.
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ith one controlled extraction and one uncontrolled extraction, calculation of the flow channel at all stage, design and calculation of the regulation valve and create connection diagram of steam turbine and air cooled condenser. At the beginning of this work is an overview of manufacturers of steam turbines and their unified products. Master thesis was developer with G-Team, a.s. as using calculations and the instructions given in the recommended literature with supporting CFD simulations to determine the loss coefficients and FEA simulations to determine the eigenfrequencies blades.
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Batista, Julio Cesar. "Microgeração de energia eletrica (abaixo de 100kw) utilizando turbina tesla modificada /." Guaratinguetá : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106422.
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Resumo: Este trabalho desenvolve um sistema para gerar energia elétrica com caldeira e turbina, para ocupar um nicho de mercado em que os sistemas a vapor existentes não são economicamente viáveis. O sistema utiliza a turbina Tesla que é compatível para essa faixa e não possui pás, podendo operar com vapor saturado fornecido por uma pequena caldeira consumindo lenha. A micro-geração proposta pode levar energia a milhões de brasileiros no campo, onde se dispõe de algum tipo de biomassa. Apesar do baixo custo da turbina Tesla, por ser de simples construção e compacta, e de suas incontáveis possibilidades de aplicação, se desconhece, até então, aplicações comerciais massivas devido ao baixo torque obtido nos protótipos feitos desde 1910 e por essa razão foi modificada. Este trabalho inova ao desenvolver um protótipo da turbina Tesla modificado para fornecer maior torque e ao comparar à turbina Tesla original. Devido à inexistência de equações que descrevem a turbina Tesla, um modelo matemático que permite projetar a turbina Tesla foi desenvolvido e validado por resultados experimentais e de simulação. Testes comparativos com duas turbinas com as mesmas dimensões mostraram que a turbina Tesla modificada apresentou eficiência superior à turbina Tesla original. Desenvolveu-se, também, um protótipo do sistema para micro-geração utilizando a turbina Tesla modificada, caldeira e gerador elétrico. Os custos do sistema e da energia gerada foram comparados com os de outros meios de geração mostrando serem competitivos economicamente para essa faixa de operação.Abstract: This work develops a system to generate electric power with boiler and turbine that aims to occupy the niche of the market for which steam systems are not economically viable. The system uses a Tesla turbine, which is compatible to the range of power. Also, it does not have blades, being able to operate with steam delivered by a small boiler fed with wood. The proposed micro-generation system can take energy to millions of Brazilians living in the country, where some type of biomass is available. In despite of the low cost of the Tesla turbine, because it is compact and simple to build, and despite of its uncountable possibilities of applications, massive commercial applications of the technology are not found due to the low torque of the prototypes built since 1910. For this reason, the Tesla turbine was modified. This work is original since it develops a modified Tesla turbine prototype to furnish a higher torque when compared to an original Tesla turbine. Due to the lack of equations that model a Tesla turbine, a mathematical model was developed to allow the design of the Tesla turbine; it was validated by means of experimental and simulating results. The comparative tests with two turbines, with same dimensions, showed that the modified Tesla turbine presents a higher efficiency than the original Tesla turbine. A micro-generation system, using the modified Tesla turbine, boiler and electric generator, was also developed. The costs of the system and of the generated energy were compared with other means of generation and showed to be commercially competitive for that range.
Orientador: João Andrade de Carvalho Junior
Coorientador: Heraldo da Silva Couto
Banca: Luiz Roberto Carrocci
Banca: Teófilo Miguel de Souza
Banca: Paulo César Razuk
Banca: Rogério José da Silva
Doutor
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Guarinelo, Júnior Flávio Fernando. "Análise termodinâmica de ciclo combinado operando fora das condições de projeto." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/265044.
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Orientador: Jorge Isaías Llagostera BeltránTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
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Resumo: O atendimento da demanda crescente de eletricidade, associado à necessidade do cumprimento de metas de emissões de gases causadores do aquecimento global, será um grande desafio ao setor elétrico nas próximas décadas. A geração de eletricidade ainda necessitará de combustíveis fosseis por muitos anos e a busca por eficiência energética nos processos térmicos que envolvem as usinas termoelétricas será determinante ao cumprimento das metas de emissões. Neste contexto, o ciclo combinado tem sido apresentado como a tecnologia mais eficiente e com o menor impacto ambiental quando se considera o uso de combustíveis fósseis na geração de eletricidade. Possui curtos prazos de instalação e custos relativamente baixos em comparação às outras tecnologias, quer façam uso de fontes renováveis ou não, e tem passado por processos de evolução tecnológica que permitem eficiências de até 62%. Mesmo que apresente características tão favoráveis, o desempenho do ciclo combinado é uma tecnologia sensível quando passa a operar em condições ambiente diferentes daquelas especificadas em projeto. A análise do comportamento do desempenho nestas condições é de extrema importância para fins de avaliação da viabilidade técnica e econômica do ciclo no local a ser instalado e é o tema central deste trabalho. Portanto, a proposta deste trabalho é analisar termodinamicamente a operação do ciclo combinado operando em condições fora-de-projeto (off design) através do desenvolvimento de um sistema de equações não lineares que representam os balanços de massa e energia de cada componente e as relações entre si. O conjunto de equações do modelo analítico é resolvido através de uma ferramenta computacional comercialmente disponível, a qual permite a definição de variáveis independentes e das restrições necessárias a uma solução objetiva. A lógica empregada na solução do conjunto de equações define uma relação direta entre as mesmas através da redução do grau de liberdade de uma determinada variável. A modelagem analítica revelou ser uma ferramenta importante na investigação do comportamento do desempenho do ciclo como um todo e a dependência termodinâmica entre os seus componentes
Abstract: The worldwide growing demand for electricity associated with global warming issues is becoming a great challenge to the electric sector for the next decades. As the power generation still depends on the fossils fuels as main source, the combined cycle is further recognized for its better environmental performance in mitigating air pollution and by reducing the global warming effects. Based on this perspective, the combined cycle has been presented as the most efficient technology, by providing advantages due to its smaller environmental impact when considering the use of fossils fuels in power generation. It is characterized by its low capital cost and short construction lead time in comparison with other technologies, whatever type of renewable fuel is being used or not, it has been experiencing a technological evolution that boost its overall efficiencies to more than 62%. Even though it has been presented with such favorable characteristics, the overall efficiency of the combined cycle is very sensitive to environmental conditions as well as running from the base load. By analyzing all thermodynamic parameters in the combined cycle under off - design conditions it can provide a better understanding in order to develop a technical and economical feasibility and it is the core issue of this work. Therefore, the proposal of this work aims to develop a system of non linear equations that represent the mass and energy balances of all component and the thermodynamic relationships among them. The group of equations of the analytical model is solved through a computational tool, commercially available, which allows the definition of independent variables and all constraint needs to reach a target solution. The logic employed in solving the system of equations defines a direct relationship among each combined cycle's component through the reduction of the degree of freedom of a certain variable. The analytical modeling revealed to be an important tool in the investigation of the combined cycle operation behavior as a whole and the thermodynamic dependence among all components
Doutorado
Termica e Fluidos
Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica
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Šíblová, Kamila. "Návrh spalovací turbíny pro osobní automobil." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230622.
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This diploma thesis deals about the combustion turbine, design, processing and utilization. This work can be divided into three parts. The first part focuses on the theoretical knowledge gained in the field of gas turbines and their applications. The second part addresses the design of combustion turbine and its integral part. The third section describes the expected characteristics of combustion turbines. The work also includes the annex, which includes the technical documentation.
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Brabec, Vít. "Parní turbina jako točivá redukce." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229826.
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The dissertation analyses a possibility to install a steam turbine for steam reduction in the heating plant with a combined cycle, Červený Mlýn. In the first part of this work the constituent parts of Červený Mlýn plant are briefly described. Basic information is included about two considered solutions to the steam turbine for steam reduction. Then the thermic diagram of the whole heating plant and the heat exchanger station itself is presented. On the basis of the given values of the heat required in the hydrothermal system, duration of the steam flow through both variants of the steam turbine for steam reduction is determined. The thermodynamic calculation of the steam turbine for steam reduction is aimed at determination of the power output and its comparison with the power outputs of the steam turbines for steam reduction considered. In the economical profitability calculation, basic economical quantities are given for both the solutions and the more suitable solution is recommended.
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Mašek, Martin. "Kondenzační parní turbina 25 MW." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230758.
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Master’s thesis deals with design and calculation of one body condensing steam turbine of 25 MW with samples for paper-making industry. The thesis is focused on calculation of the turbine’s heat balance with two technological samples and regeneration which consists of two low pressure heaters and a deaerator with a power reservoir. The steam turbine is designed with a water cooling condenser with down output. The flow part is calculated with lengths of blades. There are basic strength and proportion calculations. In the end of the thesis the turbine’s heat balance is recalculated to 80% and 105% scheme according to an assignment. Another part of this thesis is a drawing of a longitudinal cut of the turbine including a connector with a gearbox.
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Měřinský, Ivo. "Expanzní turbina na zemní plyn." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231366.
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This thesis deals with the characteristics of natural gas and the problems of transport. Furthermore, this work deals with the most commonly used thermodynamic cycles, both steam and gas and their applications in the energy industry. The main part of this thesis focuses on the calculation of the thermodynamic properties of the gas, determine the minimum temperature gas after expansion in the turbine to prevent the formation of hydrates, design calculation of main dimensions and thermodynamic parameters of the expansion turbine on natural gas. As a final design will be drawn slice computed expansion turbine.
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Urbánek, Martin. "Kondenzační parní turbina s přihříváním." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231387.
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The thesis is focused on designing of condensing steam turbine with reheating for combustion of biomass. The turbine is developed to be tandem compound-regenerative with five uncontrolled extraction points. Optimization of reheating pressure is made in the turbine's cycle. The turbine outlet is constructed to lead down to the water cooled condenser. Thesis includes the calculation of heat cycle with the draft of flow channel of high pressure and middle-low pressure turbine. Detailed calculation of middle-low pressure turbine, including stress-strength analysis, is performed. The thesis provides an evaluation of flow scheme of 100 % and 75 % of generator’s power output and the drawing of middle-low pressure turbine in longitudinal section.
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Trněný, Bohumil. "Oprava a rekonstrukce parní turbiny." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230035.
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The content of this diploma thesis is proposal of repair, reconstruction of equipment and installation of electrohydraulic regulation of steam turbine. Thesis is given for specific case. At the beginning there is a basic description of repairing turbine. The next part of thesis deals with checking of main turbine parts and recalculation of gland steam. In the following part there is revisional report with repair or exchange suggestions of demaged turbine parts, followed by description of turbine regulation reconstruction. The last part deals with economical evaluation used innovation and recommendations for repairment procedure.
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Corrêa, Leonardo Candido. "Emulação dos regimes permante e transitório das turbinas de eixo horizontal incluindo o modelo estático da turbina magnus." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8552.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThe lodgment of wind sites is in a visible growing demand not only in Brazil, but all over the world. The wind energy, even though consolidated, still hosts many scientific researches and industrial development in several areas such as control, power converter topologies and stability of grid connected wind turbines (WT). Due to the remarkable development of this technology in the market and the wind seasonality characteristics, it is difficult to study this power source in its operation field. Thus, a controlled environment for testing is desirable. This dissertation presents a topology of horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWT) emulator using a DC motor to provide an electrical generator the same torque that it would if it was driven by a typical WT. In addition to the static model, represented by the pitch angle and power coefficient, a dynamic model of HAWT is proposed in order to improve the representation of real turbines in the field, which allows characterizing the effect of wind shear, towering shadowing and turbine yaw. Furthermore, it permits emulating large inertia machines through smaller engines, by changing the torque imposed on the generator. The appealing motivation in this thesis is that the Magnus turbine emulation includes a relative new type of wind machine that possesses rotating cylinders instead of the traditional propeller blades in traditional HAWT. It is shown how these cylinders increase the available torque, then producing useful power even at lower wind speeds. Simulated and experimental results to evaluate the performance of the wind turbine emulator are presented. Both turbines are analyzed with and without MPPT. Finally the conclusions of this work are presented as well as new proposals for future works.
A instalação de parques eólicos tem se expandido não só no mundo, mas também no Brasil. A energia eólica, apesar de ser já bastante consolidada, ainda é palco para muitos trabalhos científicos e pesquisas na indústria nas áreas de controle, topologias de conversores de potência e estabilidade na conexão de aerogeradores com a rede. Devido a este fato junto com a sazonalidade do vento, torna-se difícil estudar esse tipo de fonte em seu âmbito de operação, sendo assim desejável um ambiente controlado para testes. Esta dissertação apresenta uma topologia para emulação de turbinas de eixo horizontal (HAWT) utilizando um motor de corrente contínua para acionar geradores com o mesmo torque que haveria caso estivessem acoplados a uma turbina real. Para melhor verossimilhança com as turbinas em campo, além do modelo estático composto pelo ângulo de passo das pás e o coeficiente de potência, propõe-se um modelo dinâmico para representar o efeito cortante do vento, o sombreamento da torre e o direcionamento da turbina em relação ao vento. Além do mais, o modelo proposto permite também a emulação de máquinas de grande inércia usando motores de menor porte, pela simples alteração do torque imposto ao gerador. O diferencial nesta dissertação consiste na possibilidade de emulação da turbina Magnus, que é um aerogerador que possui cilindros girantes no lugar das tradicionais pás presentes nas HAWT, que aumentam o torque disponível. Com isto, pode-se mostrar como a turbina Magnus pode gerar maior potência em baixas velocidades vento. São apresentados então os resultados simulados e experimentais avaliando o comportamento completo do emulador de turbinas eólicas. Ambas as turbinas são analisadas com e sem MPPT. Finalmente, são mostradas as conclusões do trabalho e as propostas para futuros trabalhos.
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Mogawer, Tamer [UNESP]. "Analise técnica e econômica para seleção de sistemas de cogeração em ciclo combinado." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99343.
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O setor elétrico brasileiro vem continuamente passando por crises energéticas; os consumidores, indústrias que dependem de energia para exercerem as suas atividades passaram a valorizar e a buscar fontes alternativas, confiáveis e ecologicamente adequadas com o objetivo de garantir o fornecimento de eletricidade de forma econômica, possibilitando desta maneira uma certa independência energética. Neste contexto, este trabalho tem a finalidade de selecionar sistemas de cogeração utilizando ciclos combinados com conjuntos a gás associadas a caldeira de recuperação sem queima suplementar e turbina a vapor, assim como realizar o levantamento das curvas de produção de energia e eficiência para os ciclos obtidos. Foram utilizados os parâmetros técnicos e construtivos das turbinas a gás e a vapor de uma mesma empresa fabricante, e através das curvas obtidas é possível selecionar o ciclo combinado mais adequado para cada situação desejada, tanto do ponto de vista energético quanto do ponto de vista econômico.
The electric Brazilian sector is continually subject to energy crisis, the industrial consumers, that depends on energy to do its activities, is nowadays up to valorize and to look for alternative, trustful and environmental appropriate sources with the objective of guaranteeing the supply of electricity in an economic way and warranting a certain energy independence. In this context, this work has the purpose of selecting cogeneration systems based on using combined cycles with gas turbines associated to heat recovery steam generators without supplementary burners and steam turbines, as well as accomplishing the rising of the curves of production of energy and efficiency for the obtained cycles. The technical and constructive parameters of the gas and steam turbines were considered from the same manufacturing company, and through the obtained curves it is possible to select the more appropriate cycle for each process requirement, in the energy and economic point of view.
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Musarò, Margherita. "Progettazione di turbina eolica auto-montante." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/5297/.
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Descrizione delle attività preliminari di progettazione di una turbina eolica auto-montante. Scopo di questo studio di fattibilità è ridurre la necessità di impiego di gru pesanti per il montaggio delle torri delle turbine eoliche.
Nella tesi sono affrontati il progetto concettuale, un disegno di massima del sistema studiato per sollevare autonomamente la torre. Sono inoltre presenti alcune verifiche dei componenti più critici per confermare l'attuabilità della soluzione.
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Pezzulo, Antonio. "Studio di una turbina radiale centripeta." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/3989/.
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Pavlíček, Martin. "Kondenzační parní turbina do paroplynového cyklu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230036.
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This thesis named Cosdensing steam turbine in combi-cycle deals with the calculation of thermal balancing scheme and the design of turbine. This double body steam turbine with combined HP-IP part and double-flow LP part does not have any additional samples of technological steam. LP part has two side outputs to the water-cooled condensers. There is a basic calculation of force effects on the LP part at operation. The thesis also includes a drawing of a longitudinal cut of LP part and its layout, including positron of the condensers.
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Giacomini, Marcos Roberto. "Metodo de obtenção dos parametros do regulador de uma turbina hidraulica." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257792.
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Orientador: Jose Geraldo Pena de AndradeTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta uma nova proposta para obter os parâmetros do regulador de uma turbina hidráulica, com o objetivo de melhorar o controle operacional de uma usina hidrelétrica. Dentre os diversos métodos existentes, o método de Ziegler-Nichols mostra-se adequado porque na determinação dos parâmetros do regulador efetuam-se simulações que consideram todo o comportamento hidráulico da instalação e da máquina. A partir de inúmeras simulações, para a estabilização da rotação adimensional, variando o tempo da água, o tempo da máquina e a rejeição, percebeu-se que os coeficientes utilizados no método de Ziegler-Nichols não apresentavam bons resultados em algumas situações, deixando evidente a necessidade de uma adequação. As equações propostas neste trabalho permitem a obtenção de valores mais adequados para as constantes proporcional, integral e derivativa através dos valores da constante proporcional última e do período último, como já utilizado no método de Ziegler-Nichols, em função do tempo da água, do tempo da máquina e da rejeição da potência
Abstract: This work presents a new proposal to obtain the parameters of the regulator of a hydraulic turbine, looking for the goal to increase the operational control of a hydroelectric power plant. Among many existing methods, the Ziegler-Nichols shows itself adequate because in the determination of the parameters of the regulator simulations are carried out witch consider all the hydraulic behavior of the installation and the machine. From many simulations, to the adimensional rotation stabilization, varying the water time, the machine time and the rejection, it was realized that the coefficients used in the Ziegler-Nichols method weren't presenting good results in some situations, leaving evident the needy of an adaptation. The equations suggested in this work allow obtaining more adequate values to the proportional, integral and derivative constants, through the constant last proportional values and the last period, as already used in the Ziegler-Nichols method in function of the water time, the machine time and the power rejection
Doutorado
Recursos Hidricos
Doutor em Engenharia Civil
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Huamantalla, Orosco Julio Augusto. "Análisis modal de una bomba turbina vertical." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/15491.
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La bomba turbina vertical es un modelo de bomba centrífuga muy usado en la minería
y en la agroindustrial nacional. En el presente trabajo de tesis se realizó un análisis
modal de una bomba turbina vertical modelo B12H-H-3 de la firma Hidrostal. El
objetivo principal es conocer las frecuencias naturales de este modelo de bomba con
el fin de que esto ayude en el proceso de diseño de nuevos modelos de bombas turbina
vertical y prevenir así posibles problemas de resonancia. Primero, se realizó una
introducción sobre las bombas centrífugas haciendo énfasis en la bomba turbina
vertical. Es importante conocer lo especial de este modelo de bomba ya que parte de
este equipo se instala sumergido dentro del fluido a bombear; además, su particular
diseño permite instalarlo no solo a diferentes profundidades, sino también, se puede
armar con diferentes etapas, esto quiere decir, que se pueden emplear varios
impulsores en su configuración, según la aplicación lo requiera. Luego, se obtuvieron
las frecuencias naturales mediante cálculos analíticos, simulación computacional y
ensayos experimentales. Los cálculos analíticos aportaron el conocimiento teórico que
existe detrás de la vibración de sistemas continuos, el cual ayuda a predecir la forma
de los modos de vibración de la bomba en estudio, que fue validado con la simulación
computacional y los ensayos experimentales. La simulación computacional se realizó
empleando el software ANSYS, el cual es muy usado en la ingeniería moderna. Para
la prueba experimental, se realizaron tres métodos que son: Bump test, Run up – Coast
down y el análisis modal operacional (OMA), los cuales fueron realizados en el
laboratorio de hidráulica de la empresa Hidrostal S.A.
Los resultados mostraron que la cantidad de agua que se encuentra alrededor de la
bomba sumergida influye significativamente en la variación de las frecuencias
naturales de la bomba turbina vertical, para las condiciones de ensayo establecidas en
el presente trabajo de tesis. Las frecuencias naturales de la simulación computacional
en vacío (sin agua) difieren en gran medida sobre los resultados obtenidos en los
ensayos experimentales, los cuales se realizaron con la bomba sumergida en agua.Tesis
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Richmond, Navarro Gustavo. "Aerodinámica de turbinas eólicas magnus de eje horizontal y su potencial uso en ambientes urbanos." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/130328.
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Magíster en Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Mención MecánicaEste estudio presenta el análisis de una turbina eólica de eje horizontal que utiliza cilindros en rotación, en lugar de aspas con perfiles alares. El principio de funcionamiento de este generador eólico es el efecto Magnus, el cual sucede cuando las aspas cilíndricas se ponen en rotación y se da una interacción entre la corriente de viento incidente y el aire que es arrastrado por las paredes de los cilindros en movimiento. De esta forma se obtiene la sustentación que pone en movimiento la turbina. El objetivo buscado es caracterizar este tipo de turbina y buscar sus posibles aplicaciones en ambientes urbanos, mediante modelos numéricos y matemáticos que permitan determinar los parámetros de funcionamiento de las turbinas eólicas Magnus de eje horizontal. Se incluye un análisis teórico del efecto Magnus mediante la teoría de Flujo Potencial, con el cual se logra obtener una expresión analítica de la fuerza que produce este efecto sobre un cilindro en rotación, partiendo de un flujo irrotacional, incompresible y no viscoso. Para estudiar el desempeño de la turbina, se propone un método numérico no iterativo, que es implementado en un código que permite predecir el rendimiento de turbinas de eje horizontal, el cual es validado con mediciones experimentales de turbinas convencionales. Posteriormente se adecúa el código para aplicarlo a turbinas Magnus y con ello se obtiene el comportamiento de la curva de potencia ante variaciones en la geometría y cantidad de cilindros, así como las velocidades angulares de la turbina y del aspa cilíndrica. Los resultados de las simulaciones numéricas se procesan para obtener un modelo matemático del comportamiento de la turbina, el cual permite definir parámetros óptimos de operación y establecer un valor máximo de 0,2 para el coeficiente de potencia de este generador eólico, en el marco de su aplicación en ambientes urbanos.
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Lopes, Alberto dos Santos. "Projeto e Testes de um Aerogerador de Pequeno Porte e de um Sistema de MediÃÃo de EficiÃncia MecÃnica." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5939.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorNeste trabalho, foi desenvolvida um turbina eÃlica de 490 W em conjunto com uma estrutura para testes de desempenho de aerogeradores deste porte. Foi empregado o mÃtodo analÃtico BEM (Blade Element Momentum Theory) para desenvolvimento, imensionamento, fabricaÃÃo e testes dos componentes da turbina e do sistema de mediÃÃo, abrangendo o estudo aerodinÃmico das pÃs a serem testadas, seu respectivo carregamento, ensaio destrutivo e previsÃo de desempenho. Para tanto, foram consideradas as etapas do cÃlculo e projeto mecÃnico de todos os principais componentes. TambÃm foi definida a metodologia de testes envolvendo a especificaÃÃo de instrumentos, teste em bancada, testes de campo, tratamento de dados e geraÃÃo de resultados. Os resultados foram posteriormente comparados com aqueles gerados pelo BEM. O aparato construÃdo permitiu estabelecer uma estrutura adequada para futuros testes com rotores eÃlicos de maiores diÃmetros e complexidade tecnolÃgica.
In this paper was developed a small scale wind turbine and a structure for performance testing. It was employed the BEM (Blade Element Momentum Theory) to developing, design, fabrication and tests of wind turbine and the measuring system, including the blades aerodynamic analysis which was tested, it respective loading, destructive test and performance forecast. It was considered the complete mechanical design of main components. It was defined the tests methodology involving the instruments specifications, bench tests, field experiments, collected data analysis and results exposition and discussion. In order to validate the manufactured structure and system, it was verified the aerodynamic performance of a small scale wind turbine with 490 W. The results were compared with those proposed by BEM theory. The constructed device allowed establishing an appropriate condition for bigger wind turbine rotor in the future and with more technological complexity.
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Carvalho, José Filipe Trilha de. "Predição numérica do torque em uma turbina tesla com rotor estacionário." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/174394.
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O presente estudo apresenta a análise numérica do escoamento do fluido de trabalho em uma turbina Tesla com rotor estacionário. O estudo de independência de malha prevê o uso de aproximadamente 2 milhões de volumes, com desempenho semelhante ao das malhas mais refinadas, apresentando uma economia significativa de esforço computacional. Três modelos de turbulência da abordagem RANS são aplicados com o objetivo de estabelecer uma metodologia para estudos futuros com dados experimentais. Os diferentes modelos de turbulência fornecem resultados para a predição do torque na turbina, com uma variação abaixo de 1 % entre si. Ar é usado como fluido de trabalho a pressão manométrica de 2,5 bar, alcançando velocidades no entorno de 310 m.s-1 na região da garganta do bocal e na região de jato livre, logo após a descarga do bocal. Essa condição permite afirmar que a turbina funciona na sua condição de máxima vazão, com o número de Mach próximo ao valor unitário, com escoamento compressível A velocidade na região interna entre discos chega a um valor máximo de 100 m.s-1. Na ausência de dados experimentais e de literatura, um estudo paramétrico com diferentes condições de operação da turbina é realizado a fim de verificar a qualidade dos resultados simulados. A vazão mássica é estimada com base na temperatura e pressão do fluido de trabalho, modelado como gás ideal. Os resultados preditos pelo modelo numérico para o torque no rotor é de 2,09 N.m com pressão manométrica de 1,5 bar e vazão mássica de 33,58 g/s, 2,22 N.m com pressão manométrica de 2,0 bar e vazão mássica de 40,29 g/s, e 2,38 N.m com pressão manométrica de 2,5 bar e vazão mássica de 53,73 g/s. A temperatura foi de 300 K mantida constante para as três análises. Para os casos analisados, o número de Mach na garganta do bocal convergente apresentou uma tendência ao valor unitário, variando entre 0,7 a 1, o que sugere que o bocal está trabalhando na sua condição máxima de vazão do fluido de trabalho.The present study presents the numerical analysis of the working fluid flow in a Tesla turbine with stationary rotor. The mesh independence study predicts the use of approximately 2 million volumes, with similar performance to those most refined meshes, presenting a significant saving of computational effort. Several turbulence models of the RANS approach are applied with the aim of establishing a methodology for future studies with experimental data. The different turbulence models provide very close results for turbine torque prediction, with a variation below 1% between them. Air is used as working fluid at a pressure of 2.5 bar gauge, reaching velocities around 310 m.s-1 in the throat region of the nozzle and in the free jet region, just after the discharge of the nozzle. This condition allows to state that the turbine works in its maximum flow condition, with the Mach number close to unitary value, with a compressible flow The velocity in the inner region between disks reaches 100 m.s-1. In the absence of experimental data and literature, a parametric study with different operating conditions of the turbine is performed in order to verify the quality of the simulated results. The mass flow rate is estimated based on the temperature and pressure of the working fluid, modeled as the ideal gas. The results predicted by the numerical model for the torque in the rotor is 2.09 N.m with gauge pressure of 1.5 bar and a mass flow rate of 33.58 g/s, 2.22 N.m with gauge pressure of 2.0 bar and a mass flow rate of 40.29 g/s, and 2.38 N.m with gauge pressure of 2.5 bar and flow mass of 53.73 g/s. The temperature was 300 K kept constant for all three cases. For the analyzed cases, the Mach number in the throat of the convergent nozzle showed a tendency to the unit value, ranging from 0,7 to 1,0 which suggests that the nozzle is working in its maximum flow condition of the working fluid.
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Ribeiro, Cláudia Garrastazu. "Rastreamento do ponto de máxima potência de turbinas magnus acionando geradores elétricos." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8551.
Full textAbstract:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThe constant human need for electricity, as well as the increasing demand for energy causes the use of finite sources, as oil and coal. The search for alternative energy sources as wind harvesting is the motivation for this master dissertation. Wind energy is a consolidated technology, mostly based on three blades wind turbine. This master thesis constitutes an analysis of a non-conventional wind machine, named Magnus wind turbine. The turbine s operation is based on the Magnus effect and its difference with respect to the traditional type is that it has rotating cylinders instead of fixed blades, which benefits an increase of generated power, since this turbine can produce power from low wind speeds. A method to track the maximum power point based on the control of the cylinders rotation is proposed, whereas in literature only fixed values were found for this variable. This Magnus turbine is used to drive a permanent magnet synchronous generator as a way to prove the theoretical predictions. The electrical generator also uses a specific method to track the maximum power point for the whole set. Simulated and practical results are demonstrating the performance of the Magnus wind turbine driving a permanent magnet synchronous generator.
A constante necessidade de energia elétrica, assim como o aumento de demanda, implica no uso de fontes de energia que são finitas, como o petróleo e o carvão. A busca por fontes alternativas de energia como a eólica é a motivação para este trabalho, também por a energia eólica ser uma tecnologia já consolidada, utilizando principalmente turbinas de três pás para a geração de energia. Esta dissertação trata da análise de uma turbina eólica não convencional, conhecida como turbina eólica Magnus para acionamento de geradores elétricos. A operação desta turbina é baseada no efeito Magnus e seu grande diferencial é que ao invés de pás fixas possui cilindros giratórios que ajudam no incremento de potência, já que a turbina pode produzir potência mesmo com baixas velocidades de vento. Um método de rastreamento de máxima potência é proposto baseando no controle da velocidade de rotação dos cilindros, já que na literatura são considerados apenas valores fixos para esta variável. A turbina Magnus é acoplada a um gerador síncrono a imã permanente, como forma de demonstração da precisão do método proposto na determinação do seu ponto de máxima potência. Paralelo a isto, o gerador também utiliza um método de rastreamento de máxima potência para que o conjunto inteiro trabalhe no ponto de máxima potência. Os resultados de simulação e práticos são apresentados para demonstrar o desempenho da turbina Magnus acoplada a um gerador síncrono a imã permanente.