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Academic literature on the topic 'Turbines – Aubes – Modèles mathématiques'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Turbines – Aubes – Modèles mathématiques"
Roman, Ortiz Edwin. "Analyse de l'écoulement dans la roue d'une turbine hydraulique axiale de type hélice : prise en considération du jeu de bout d'aube." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27999/27999.pdf.
Full textGuillou, Florian. "Modélisation et simulations numériques stationnaires de l'aérothermique des circuits internes d'aubes de turbines refroidies." Rouen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ROUES055.
Full textThe increase in gas turbine performance based on a turbine entry temperature rise requires the improvement of the blade cooling efficiency. Blades are cooled by internal convection thanks to the injection of high-pressure unburnt air into cooling channels. Therefore fast and reliable numerical tools are able to predict internal convective heat transfers are needed for the design of turbine blades. The goal of the present work was to develop methodologies for RANS simulations able to achieve such predictions. The software platform of Onera called CEDRE, which is designed for unstructured meshes, has been used. Focus was on the modeling of the Reynolds stress tensor and the enthalpy turbulent fluxes for both high-Reynolds and near-wall areas. Meshing strategy was also considered. Greater emphasis was placed on the approaches that could yield the best quality/cost ratio. For that reason one-equation turbulence models based on eddy viscosity, explicit algebraic Reynolds stress models and advanced wall laws have been evaluated on their ability to reproduce the effects of rotation and flow curvature on turbulence anisotropy, and on the consequences of these effects on convective heat transfers. Validations were carried out by comparison with the experimental data obtained both on the MERCI and BATHIRE test rigs of Onera and in the framework of the european project ERICKA. Promising results were obtained with an explicit algebraic Reynolds stress model for turbulent momentum fluxes and a model based on a generalized gradient-diffusion hypothesis for turbulent enthalpy fluxes. The obtained methodology was successfully applied to a real blade configuration from Snecma
Kaminski, Myriam. "Modélisation de l’endommagement en fatigue des superalliages monocristallins pour aubes de turbine en zone de concentration de contrainte." Paris, ENMP, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENMP1504.
Full textThe AM1 superalloy blades of aeronautical High Pressure turbines are cooled by a complex system of micro-channels, located at the leading edge and near the trailing edge. These micro-channels constitute preferential sites for damage and crack initiation, phenomena which have to be taken into account in the design of turbine blades. The aim of this work was, first, to carry out an experimental study on perforated specimens with different hole diameters. The effect of the stress gradient on the crack initiation (300 µm criterion for the crack length) has been demonstrated qualitatively as well as quantitatively. However, the use of a maximum stress (or maximum strain) criterion is not sufficient as a failure criterion since it overestimates the risk of failure and does not take into account the length scale or geometrical effects. A volume average method has been proposed in order to take into account the stress gradient effect in the lifetime calculation. It has significantly improved the lifetime predictions. At the same time, an anisotropic fatigue damage model has been developed. In this model, plasticity is coupled with damage in order to describe the micro-initiation stage. The model identification and validation have been realised with respect to existing experimental data on unperforated samples and on the results of the experimental campaign carried out in this work, on perforated specimens. Finally, in order to take into account the stress gradients in the high stress concentration regions, the volume average method has been applied to the results obtained with the previously described model and has provided encouraging results
Fournier, Christophe. "Calcul de l'écoulement visqueux se développant sur une aube de turbine en présence d'un film de refroidissement." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ECDL0003.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is the development of a computational method to simulate the development of viscous flow on a turbine blade with film cooling. Blade cooling is often achieved with tows of discrete jets of cold fluid introduced at the wall. At present, full three-dimensional calculations do not allow the treatment of such complex flows. A method has been developed to compute the blade boundary layer with discrete jets. The flow is assumed to be periodic. The three-dimensional equations are space averaged over the distance between two consecutive jets. The resulting two-dimensional equations contain source terms which take into account the jets. These terms are given by an integral jet calculation. The jet computation is achieved with the space averaged flow as an external transverse flow. The results show that the global jet behaviour is well calculated for a single jet. Results are also presented for a row of jets emerging on a flat palte. Although the predicted velocity field is in a good agreement with measurements, the method is not able to reproduce the correct thermal field. The model also predicts the correct geometrical jets evolution for a row injected on the suction side of a trubine blade
Bouajila, Sofien. "Analyse expérimentale et numérique des écoulements à charge partielle dans les turbines Francis - Étude des vortex inter-aubes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI030.
Full textThe integration of renewable energies into the electricity grid brings new needs for hydro power plant operators in terms of how they are operated. Consequently, hydraulic turbine manufacturers are required to extend their machine’s operating range in order to increase their flexibility. In the case of Francis turbines, dynamic stresses could increase in off-design conditions due to several hydraulic phenomena that appear in the flow, especially at partial load. One of them is the development of inter-blade vortices in the runner. In order to guarantee an extended operating range manufacturers have to control the impact of such operating conditions on their turbines lifetime. Therefore, a better understanding of complex partial load flows and their mechanical impact on the turbines is needed. In this context, this thesis uses both experimental and numerical approaches. Reduced scale model turbines were tested in order to correlate hydraulic phenomena observed in the flow and the evolution of pressure and strain fluctuations for different operating points. The results were then used to estimate the turbine fatigue in partial load conditions. Computational Fluid Dynamics was also used to better understand the formation of inter-blade vortices and to predict the dynamic loading on the runner at partial load. These numerical results were validated by comparison with the experimental data from the previous test rig measurements and observation campaigns
Bourget, Sébastien. "Development and assessment of a modeling method for hydrokinetic turbines operating in arrays." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31588.
Full textIn order to contribute to the development of the hydrokinetic power industry, a new line of research has been initiated recently at the Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides Numérique (LMFN) de l’Université Laval. It is related to the optimization of turbine farm layouts. As the numerical modeling of turbine farms has been little investigated in the past at the LMFN, the objectives of this work are to develop a numerical methodology that will allow the study of turbine farm layouts at reasonable simulation cost and to verify its reliability. Inspired from numerical models found in the available literature, an original modeling approach is developed. This modeling approach is referred-to as the Effective Performance Turbine Model, or EPTM. The EPTM reliability is assessed in terms of its capacity to predict correctly the mean performances and the wake recovery of the turbines. The results of “high-fidelity” CFD simulations, which include at high cost the complete rotor geometry, are used as a reference. Results of the performance assessment show that the EPTM approach is appropriate for the modeling of both axial-flow (horizontal-axis) turbines and cross-flow (vertical-axis) turbines operating in clean flow conditions. Indeed, the EPTM provides very good predictions of the value of the optimal angular speed at which the rotor should be rotating to operate near maximum power extraction, the magnitude of the mean forces acting on the turbine and the mean power it extracts from the flow. The EPTM also succeeds to generate the adequate nearwake flow topology of each of the reference turbine investigated. However, the steady turbulence modeling approach used in the EPTM simulations appears inadequate in some cases. Possible model improvements are discussed as a conclusion.
Thiriet, Romain. "Amélioration de la prévision des performances transitoires des turbines à gaz." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT2349.
Full textFor a gas turbine preliminary design, the performances program has to simply integrate complex physical phenomena during transient conditions. This thesis addresses this issue and deals particularly with heat soakage, a transient effect which diminishes the gas turbine acceleration rate. The heat soakage modelling has been performed with the nodal method. This system approach enabled us to build simple heat transfer models for each engine component. After a detailed analysis of the air flow and the wall geometries characteristics usually found in a gas turbine, some laws, taken from experimental studies, have been used to model the convective and radiative heat transfers. A geometrical perimeter and a refining mesh study allowed us to reduce the models size without cartooning the described physical phenomena. A validation of the heat transfers model has been done by comparing the wall temperatures computed with those measured in a test bench. The update of the gas turbine performances program with the heat transfers models has diminished dramatically the prediction errors of the engine acceleration capabilities. This result is still valid within the whole flight envelope and for others turboshafts arrangements and several sizes. Eventually, in order to grasp the residual errors of prediction, the engine performances sensitivity to thermomechanical effects and combustion efficiency has been also studied
Veilleux, Jean-Christophe. "Optimization of a Fully-Passive Flapping-Airfoil Turbine." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25229.
Full textCe mémoire concerne l'étude aéroélastique des oscillations auto-soutenues en pilonnementtangage d'une aile portante montée sur des supports élastiques et exposée à un écoulement. De telles oscillations pourraient être utilisées afin de développer un nouveau type de turbine hydrocinétique relativement simple d'un point de vue mécanique. Ceci est possible car les oscillations qui résultent de l'interaction fluide-structure entre l'écoulement, l'aile et ses supports élastiques sont entretenues par un transfert d'énergie de l'écoulement vers la structure. Dans cette étude numérique, le logiciel OpenFOAM-2.1.x est utilisé afin de résoudre le problème aéroélastique. À l'aide de simulations instationnaires en deux dimensions d'un écoulement visqueux à nombre de Reynolds de 500 000, ce type de turbine est optimisé et amplement étudié afin de développer une meilleure compréhension de la physique en jeu. Suite à une optimisation de la turbine à l'aide d'une méthode de type gradients, des efficacités relativement élevées ont été obtenues. En effet, le cas optimal qui est présenté dans cette étude a une efficacité qui est de l'ordre de 34%. Cela correspond à une efficacité relativement élevée lorsqu'elle est comparée à l'efficacité d'une turbine hydrolienne cinématiquement contrainte qui est de l'ordre de 43%. Il faut noter que la version pleinement passive est mécaniquement beaucoup plus simple que la version cinématiquement contrainte. Un tel avantage mécanique peut, en soi, justifier pleinement une efficacité légèrement plus faible. De plus, la solution optimisée proposée dans ce mémoire n'est certainement pas unique et ne correspond pas au seul extremum du vaste espace paramétrique. En fait, d'autres solutions efficaces sont présentées dans ce mémoire et une optimisation complète autour de ces solutions demeure toujours à être effectuée. Dans tous les cas, ces réesultats démontrent le grand potentiel d'utiliser des ailes oscillantes pleinement passives en guise d'hydroliennes efficaces. D'un point de vue physique, ce mémoire met en valeur que le phénomène d'oscillations de cycle limite auquel l'aile est sujette est le résultat d'un flottement de décrochage. Cela est ainsi en raison de la forte interaction entre l'aile et les tourbillons largués pendant le grand décrochage dynamique. En fait, c'est spécifiquement cette interaction entre l'aile et les vortex qui donne lieu au mouvement de tangage. De plus, deux mécanismes responsables des bonnes performances de la turbine ont été mis en valeur. Ces mécanismes sont la synchronisation adéquate entre les deux degrés de liberté, ainsi que le mouvement non sinusoïdal en tangage.
This master's thesis deals with an aeroelastic problem that consists into self-sustained, pitchheave oscillations of an elastically-mounted airfoil. Such oscillations of an airfoil could be used in order to develop a novel fully-passive flow harvester that is relatively simple from a mechanical point of view. Indeed, the motion of an airfoil that is elastically mounted emerges as a result of the fluid-structure interaction between the flow, the airfoil and its elastic supports, and is sustained through a transfer of energy from the flow to the structure. In this numerical study, the OpenFOAM-2.1.x CFD toolbox is used for solving the aeroelastic problem. Through unsteady two-dimensional viscous simulations at a Reynolds number of 500,000, such a fully-passive turbine is optimized and extensively investigated to develop a better comprehension of the physics at play. Following a gradient-like optimization of the turbine, relatively high efficiencies have been obtained. Indeed, the optimal case found in this numerical study has a two-dimensional efficiency in the range of 34%. This is fairly high when compared to the two-dimensional efficiency of a kinematically-constrained turbine, which is in the range of 43%. Further, the fully-passive version of the turbine is far less mechanically complex than its kinematicallyconstrained counterpart. Alone, such a mechanical advantage could justify the slightly lower efficiency of the fully-passive turbine. Nevertheless, the optimized solution suggested within this thesis is certainly not the only local extrema of the vast parametric space pertaining to the aeroelastic device. Other efficient cases have been found, and complete optimizations about these solutions still need to be achieved. Overall, the results demonstrate the great potential of using fully-passive, flapping airfoils as efficient hydrokinetic turbines. From a more physical perspective, this thesis highlights the fact that the airfoil is undergoing limit-cycle oscillations as a result of stall flutter. This is because the interaction between the airfoil and the vortices shed during the dynamic stall events is large. In fact, it is specifically this interaction that mostly accounts for the pitching motion of the airfoil. Further, two fundamental mechanisms have been found to be very beneficial for enhancing the performances of the turbine. These mechanisms are the adequate synchronization between both degrees-offreedom, and the nonsinusoidal shape of the pitching motion.
Youssef, Moafaq Mohamed. "Exploration of novel fuels for gas turbine (ENV-406) : modeling of T60 test rig with diesel & biodiesel fuels." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25332.
Full textIn this thesis, a CFD model was proposed to simulate the liquid combustion of conventional and non-conventional biodiesel fuels, in particularly the B20 biodiesel blend. The numerical test matrix consists of four reacting flow cases, and one non-reacting liquid fuel injection case. The models are computed using FLUENT™ v.14 in a 3D steady-state fashion. The turbulent non-premixed diffusion flames are modeled using the steady laminar flamelet approach; with a joint presumed Probability density function (PDF) distribution. Validation is achieved by comparing available experimental measurements with the obtained CFD results. Combustor aerodynamics and the outer wall temperatures are captured with a satisfactory degree of accuracy. Validation of the main combustion products, such as: CO2, H2O, and O2, shows satisfactory results for all the reacting flow cases; however, some inconsistencies were found for the CO emissions. It is believed that the test rig (combustor geometry and operating condition) is not sufficiently adequate for burning liquid fuels. On the other hand, from a numerical combustion point of view, the steady laminar flamelet approach was found not reasonably able to capture the deep non-equilibrium effects associated with the slow formation process of a pollutant, such as CO.
Bochud, Pascal. "Résolution spatiale non uniforme dans une méthode vortex et optimisation d'un concept de turbine à aile oscillante." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25597/25597.pdf.
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