Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Turbines – Aubes – Modèles mathématiques'
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Roman, Ortiz Edwin. "Analyse de l'écoulement dans la roue d'une turbine hydraulique axiale de type hélice : prise en considération du jeu de bout d'aube." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27999/27999.pdf.
Full textGuillou, Florian. "Modélisation et simulations numériques stationnaires de l'aérothermique des circuits internes d'aubes de turbines refroidies." Rouen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ROUES055.
Full textThe increase in gas turbine performance based on a turbine entry temperature rise requires the improvement of the blade cooling efficiency. Blades are cooled by internal convection thanks to the injection of high-pressure unburnt air into cooling channels. Therefore fast and reliable numerical tools are able to predict internal convective heat transfers are needed for the design of turbine blades. The goal of the present work was to develop methodologies for RANS simulations able to achieve such predictions. The software platform of Onera called CEDRE, which is designed for unstructured meshes, has been used. Focus was on the modeling of the Reynolds stress tensor and the enthalpy turbulent fluxes for both high-Reynolds and near-wall areas. Meshing strategy was also considered. Greater emphasis was placed on the approaches that could yield the best quality/cost ratio. For that reason one-equation turbulence models based on eddy viscosity, explicit algebraic Reynolds stress models and advanced wall laws have been evaluated on their ability to reproduce the effects of rotation and flow curvature on turbulence anisotropy, and on the consequences of these effects on convective heat transfers. Validations were carried out by comparison with the experimental data obtained both on the MERCI and BATHIRE test rigs of Onera and in the framework of the european project ERICKA. Promising results were obtained with an explicit algebraic Reynolds stress model for turbulent momentum fluxes and a model based on a generalized gradient-diffusion hypothesis for turbulent enthalpy fluxes. The obtained methodology was successfully applied to a real blade configuration from Snecma
Kaminski, Myriam. "Modélisation de l’endommagement en fatigue des superalliages monocristallins pour aubes de turbine en zone de concentration de contrainte." Paris, ENMP, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENMP1504.
Full textThe AM1 superalloy blades of aeronautical High Pressure turbines are cooled by a complex system of micro-channels, located at the leading edge and near the trailing edge. These micro-channels constitute preferential sites for damage and crack initiation, phenomena which have to be taken into account in the design of turbine blades. The aim of this work was, first, to carry out an experimental study on perforated specimens with different hole diameters. The effect of the stress gradient on the crack initiation (300 µm criterion for the crack length) has been demonstrated qualitatively as well as quantitatively. However, the use of a maximum stress (or maximum strain) criterion is not sufficient as a failure criterion since it overestimates the risk of failure and does not take into account the length scale or geometrical effects. A volume average method has been proposed in order to take into account the stress gradient effect in the lifetime calculation. It has significantly improved the lifetime predictions. At the same time, an anisotropic fatigue damage model has been developed. In this model, plasticity is coupled with damage in order to describe the micro-initiation stage. The model identification and validation have been realised with respect to existing experimental data on unperforated samples and on the results of the experimental campaign carried out in this work, on perforated specimens. Finally, in order to take into account the stress gradients in the high stress concentration regions, the volume average method has been applied to the results obtained with the previously described model and has provided encouraging results
Fournier, Christophe. "Calcul de l'écoulement visqueux se développant sur une aube de turbine en présence d'un film de refroidissement." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ECDL0003.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is the development of a computational method to simulate the development of viscous flow on a turbine blade with film cooling. Blade cooling is often achieved with tows of discrete jets of cold fluid introduced at the wall. At present, full three-dimensional calculations do not allow the treatment of such complex flows. A method has been developed to compute the blade boundary layer with discrete jets. The flow is assumed to be periodic. The three-dimensional equations are space averaged over the distance between two consecutive jets. The resulting two-dimensional equations contain source terms which take into account the jets. These terms are given by an integral jet calculation. The jet computation is achieved with the space averaged flow as an external transverse flow. The results show that the global jet behaviour is well calculated for a single jet. Results are also presented for a row of jets emerging on a flat palte. Although the predicted velocity field is in a good agreement with measurements, the method is not able to reproduce the correct thermal field. The model also predicts the correct geometrical jets evolution for a row injected on the suction side of a trubine blade
Bouajila, Sofien. "Analyse expérimentale et numérique des écoulements à charge partielle dans les turbines Francis - Étude des vortex inter-aubes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI030.
Full textThe integration of renewable energies into the electricity grid brings new needs for hydro power plant operators in terms of how they are operated. Consequently, hydraulic turbine manufacturers are required to extend their machine’s operating range in order to increase their flexibility. In the case of Francis turbines, dynamic stresses could increase in off-design conditions due to several hydraulic phenomena that appear in the flow, especially at partial load. One of them is the development of inter-blade vortices in the runner. In order to guarantee an extended operating range manufacturers have to control the impact of such operating conditions on their turbines lifetime. Therefore, a better understanding of complex partial load flows and their mechanical impact on the turbines is needed. In this context, this thesis uses both experimental and numerical approaches. Reduced scale model turbines were tested in order to correlate hydraulic phenomena observed in the flow and the evolution of pressure and strain fluctuations for different operating points. The results were then used to estimate the turbine fatigue in partial load conditions. Computational Fluid Dynamics was also used to better understand the formation of inter-blade vortices and to predict the dynamic loading on the runner at partial load. These numerical results were validated by comparison with the experimental data from the previous test rig measurements and observation campaigns
Bourget, Sébastien. "Development and assessment of a modeling method for hydrokinetic turbines operating in arrays." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31588.
Full textIn order to contribute to the development of the hydrokinetic power industry, a new line of research has been initiated recently at the Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides Numérique (LMFN) de l’Université Laval. It is related to the optimization of turbine farm layouts. As the numerical modeling of turbine farms has been little investigated in the past at the LMFN, the objectives of this work are to develop a numerical methodology that will allow the study of turbine farm layouts at reasonable simulation cost and to verify its reliability. Inspired from numerical models found in the available literature, an original modeling approach is developed. This modeling approach is referred-to as the Effective Performance Turbine Model, or EPTM. The EPTM reliability is assessed in terms of its capacity to predict correctly the mean performances and the wake recovery of the turbines. The results of “high-fidelity” CFD simulations, which include at high cost the complete rotor geometry, are used as a reference. Results of the performance assessment show that the EPTM approach is appropriate for the modeling of both axial-flow (horizontal-axis) turbines and cross-flow (vertical-axis) turbines operating in clean flow conditions. Indeed, the EPTM provides very good predictions of the value of the optimal angular speed at which the rotor should be rotating to operate near maximum power extraction, the magnitude of the mean forces acting on the turbine and the mean power it extracts from the flow. The EPTM also succeeds to generate the adequate nearwake flow topology of each of the reference turbine investigated. However, the steady turbulence modeling approach used in the EPTM simulations appears inadequate in some cases. Possible model improvements are discussed as a conclusion.
Thiriet, Romain. "Amélioration de la prévision des performances transitoires des turbines à gaz." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT2349.
Full textFor a gas turbine preliminary design, the performances program has to simply integrate complex physical phenomena during transient conditions. This thesis addresses this issue and deals particularly with heat soakage, a transient effect which diminishes the gas turbine acceleration rate. The heat soakage modelling has been performed with the nodal method. This system approach enabled us to build simple heat transfer models for each engine component. After a detailed analysis of the air flow and the wall geometries characteristics usually found in a gas turbine, some laws, taken from experimental studies, have been used to model the convective and radiative heat transfers. A geometrical perimeter and a refining mesh study allowed us to reduce the models size without cartooning the described physical phenomena. A validation of the heat transfers model has been done by comparing the wall temperatures computed with those measured in a test bench. The update of the gas turbine performances program with the heat transfers models has diminished dramatically the prediction errors of the engine acceleration capabilities. This result is still valid within the whole flight envelope and for others turboshafts arrangements and several sizes. Eventually, in order to grasp the residual errors of prediction, the engine performances sensitivity to thermomechanical effects and combustion efficiency has been also studied
Veilleux, Jean-Christophe. "Optimization of a Fully-Passive Flapping-Airfoil Turbine." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25229.
Full textCe mémoire concerne l'étude aéroélastique des oscillations auto-soutenues en pilonnementtangage d'une aile portante montée sur des supports élastiques et exposée à un écoulement. De telles oscillations pourraient être utilisées afin de développer un nouveau type de turbine hydrocinétique relativement simple d'un point de vue mécanique. Ceci est possible car les oscillations qui résultent de l'interaction fluide-structure entre l'écoulement, l'aile et ses supports élastiques sont entretenues par un transfert d'énergie de l'écoulement vers la structure. Dans cette étude numérique, le logiciel OpenFOAM-2.1.x est utilisé afin de résoudre le problème aéroélastique. À l'aide de simulations instationnaires en deux dimensions d'un écoulement visqueux à nombre de Reynolds de 500 000, ce type de turbine est optimisé et amplement étudié afin de développer une meilleure compréhension de la physique en jeu. Suite à une optimisation de la turbine à l'aide d'une méthode de type gradients, des efficacités relativement élevées ont été obtenues. En effet, le cas optimal qui est présenté dans cette étude a une efficacité qui est de l'ordre de 34%. Cela correspond à une efficacité relativement élevée lorsqu'elle est comparée à l'efficacité d'une turbine hydrolienne cinématiquement contrainte qui est de l'ordre de 43%. Il faut noter que la version pleinement passive est mécaniquement beaucoup plus simple que la version cinématiquement contrainte. Un tel avantage mécanique peut, en soi, justifier pleinement une efficacité légèrement plus faible. De plus, la solution optimisée proposée dans ce mémoire n'est certainement pas unique et ne correspond pas au seul extremum du vaste espace paramétrique. En fait, d'autres solutions efficaces sont présentées dans ce mémoire et une optimisation complète autour de ces solutions demeure toujours à être effectuée. Dans tous les cas, ces réesultats démontrent le grand potentiel d'utiliser des ailes oscillantes pleinement passives en guise d'hydroliennes efficaces. D'un point de vue physique, ce mémoire met en valeur que le phénomène d'oscillations de cycle limite auquel l'aile est sujette est le résultat d'un flottement de décrochage. Cela est ainsi en raison de la forte interaction entre l'aile et les tourbillons largués pendant le grand décrochage dynamique. En fait, c'est spécifiquement cette interaction entre l'aile et les vortex qui donne lieu au mouvement de tangage. De plus, deux mécanismes responsables des bonnes performances de la turbine ont été mis en valeur. Ces mécanismes sont la synchronisation adéquate entre les deux degrés de liberté, ainsi que le mouvement non sinusoïdal en tangage.
This master's thesis deals with an aeroelastic problem that consists into self-sustained, pitchheave oscillations of an elastically-mounted airfoil. Such oscillations of an airfoil could be used in order to develop a novel fully-passive flow harvester that is relatively simple from a mechanical point of view. Indeed, the motion of an airfoil that is elastically mounted emerges as a result of the fluid-structure interaction between the flow, the airfoil and its elastic supports, and is sustained through a transfer of energy from the flow to the structure. In this numerical study, the OpenFOAM-2.1.x CFD toolbox is used for solving the aeroelastic problem. Through unsteady two-dimensional viscous simulations at a Reynolds number of 500,000, such a fully-passive turbine is optimized and extensively investigated to develop a better comprehension of the physics at play. Following a gradient-like optimization of the turbine, relatively high efficiencies have been obtained. Indeed, the optimal case found in this numerical study has a two-dimensional efficiency in the range of 34%. This is fairly high when compared to the two-dimensional efficiency of a kinematically-constrained turbine, which is in the range of 43%. Further, the fully-passive version of the turbine is far less mechanically complex than its kinematicallyconstrained counterpart. Alone, such a mechanical advantage could justify the slightly lower efficiency of the fully-passive turbine. Nevertheless, the optimized solution suggested within this thesis is certainly not the only local extrema of the vast parametric space pertaining to the aeroelastic device. Other efficient cases have been found, and complete optimizations about these solutions still need to be achieved. Overall, the results demonstrate the great potential of using fully-passive, flapping airfoils as efficient hydrokinetic turbines. From a more physical perspective, this thesis highlights the fact that the airfoil is undergoing limit-cycle oscillations as a result of stall flutter. This is because the interaction between the airfoil and the vortices shed during the dynamic stall events is large. In fact, it is specifically this interaction that mostly accounts for the pitching motion of the airfoil. Further, two fundamental mechanisms have been found to be very beneficial for enhancing the performances of the turbine. These mechanisms are the adequate synchronization between both degrees-offreedom, and the nonsinusoidal shape of the pitching motion.
Youssef, Moafaq Mohamed. "Exploration of novel fuels for gas turbine (ENV-406) : modeling of T60 test rig with diesel & biodiesel fuels." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25332.
Full textIn this thesis, a CFD model was proposed to simulate the liquid combustion of conventional and non-conventional biodiesel fuels, in particularly the B20 biodiesel blend. The numerical test matrix consists of four reacting flow cases, and one non-reacting liquid fuel injection case. The models are computed using FLUENT™ v.14 in a 3D steady-state fashion. The turbulent non-premixed diffusion flames are modeled using the steady laminar flamelet approach; with a joint presumed Probability density function (PDF) distribution. Validation is achieved by comparing available experimental measurements with the obtained CFD results. Combustor aerodynamics and the outer wall temperatures are captured with a satisfactory degree of accuracy. Validation of the main combustion products, such as: CO2, H2O, and O2, shows satisfactory results for all the reacting flow cases; however, some inconsistencies were found for the CO emissions. It is believed that the test rig (combustor geometry and operating condition) is not sufficiently adequate for burning liquid fuels. On the other hand, from a numerical combustion point of view, the steady laminar flamelet approach was found not reasonably able to capture the deep non-equilibrium effects associated with the slow formation process of a pollutant, such as CO.
Bochud, Pascal. "Résolution spatiale non uniforme dans une méthode vortex et optimisation d'un concept de turbine à aile oscillante." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25597/25597.pdf.
Full textBazin, Antoine. "Modélisation numérique du retour de chaleur post-arrêt dans une turbine à gaz." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25410.
Full textHeat soak-back is a phenomenon observed in many thermal applications including internal combustion engines. Post shutdown studies of these systems, particularly gas turbines, have shown that a massive heat wave could diffuse in the engine causing potential damage. As moving parts in the engine immobilize, heat diffuses freely from hotter to colder sections, including cavities such as the combustor. Primarily composed of free convection, the heat front in the combustor may cause premature coking in the top dead center injectors as the buoyant hot air tends to reach the upper section of the combustor. The following investigation implies computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation in order to predict the thermal behaviour and magnitude of this soak-back phenomenon inside a modified can combustor test rig and its potential consequences on the fuel delivery system. The numerical model will eventually be validated using experimentations with this combustor equipped with complementary thermal accumulation masses.
Payette, Félix-Antoine. "Simulation de l'écoulement turbulent dans les aspirateurs de turbines hydrauliques : impact des paramètres de modélisation." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25433/25433.pdf.
Full textGuénette, Vincent. "Prédiction numérique de l'écoulement turbulent au sein d'une turbine bulbe par des simulations " rans "." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30123/30123.pdf.
Full textSaint-Marc, Jean-Charles. "Development of a ballistic hybrid fabric model for aeroengine fan blade containment application." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28630/28630.pdf.
Full textThis thesis presents the work that has been carried out inside the Mechanical Engineering Department of Laval University within a CRIAQ project related to Impact Modeling of Composite Aircraft Structure (IMCAS). The main goal of this work was to develop a dry fabric model for ballistic impact application and to implement it into a shell element capable of reproducing the dynamic behavior of a yarn crossover point with due account of some specific geometric and material parameters. The development of a material user subroutine (VUMAT user subroutine) was necessary to carry out this project. The methodology employed for the development of the user subroutine to be used with the S4R shell element available in Abaqus is based upon the works of Grujicic et al (1) and Shahkarami et al (2). The validity of the mesomechanical model created was carried out in order to assess the accuracy of its behavior under elementary loadings. Subsequently, using the same parameters to set up the analysis, the developed model has been applied in simple impact problems in Abaqus to demonstrate that we are able to obtain the same results as in the work of Shahkarami (2) used as a reference. Finally, after this last validation, the model is used in the impact study of an aeronautical engine’s fan blade containment problem using a hybrid casing. In our problem the casing’s inner shell is metallic and multiple Kevlar fabric layers are wrapped around it to contribute to the energy absorption and containment of the fan blade debris released outward at high speed. In this thesis all the assumptions, process and tools necessary to carry out every analysis have been described in details. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to capture the physical phenomenon happening at the yarn’s mesoscopic level during a high-velocity impact on a dry fabric while minimizing the computation time.
Taheri, Arash. "Detached eddy simulation of unsteady turbulent flows in the draft tube of a bulb turbine." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27061.
Full textDraft tubes play a crucial role in elevating the available energy extraction of hydroturbines. In this project, turbulent flows in the draft tube of a low-head bulb turbine were simulated using, among others, an advance hybrid LES/RANS turbulent model, called DDES, which can resolve portions of the turbulent spectrum. Providing appropriate inflow boundary conditions for such models is a challenging issue. In this regard, different inflow boundary conditions were tested, including axisymmetric 1D profiles, and unsteady 2D inflow profiles that take runner blade wakes and vortices into account. Artificial fluctuation at the inlet section of the draft tube was also included to mimic the turbulence existing after the runner. Simulations were conducted for two draft tube configurations of the BulbT project. For one of them, intensive comparisons with experimental data were done for two operating conditions, one at part load and another in the sharp drop-off portion of the efficiency hill after the best efficiency point. This allowed to assess the effectiveness and shortcomings of the adopted turbulence modeling and boundary conditions through their effects on the global and local quantities. The results showed that the runner-related vortical structures and wakes are appropriately resolved using stand-alone DDES simulation of the draft tube flows. This is achieved by applying unsteady 2D inflow profiles along with adopting low dissipation scheme for the convective term. Furthermore, the effects of applying artificial turbulence at inlet were explored using separation intermittency, two-point correlation, energy spectrum and Lagrangian coherent structure concepts. These analyses revealed that the type of inflow boundary conditions modifies the details of the flow and separation dynamics as well as patterns of the transport barriers in different regions of the draft tube. However, the global quantities such as recovery coefficient are not influenced by these local features.
Matteï, Jérémie Hugo. "Modélisation analytique et numérique de la cavité interne d'un injecteur rotatif fronde pour turbines à gaz." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27485/27485.pdf.
Full textBeaubien, Carl-Anthony. "Simulations numériques de l'écoulement turbulent dans un aspirateur de turbine hydraulique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29942/29942.pdf.
Full textThe work carried throughout this thesis has for objective to enhance losses predictions in hydraulic turbines draft tube. In order to acheive this, the flow in a draft tube charaterized by a sharp drop in the pressure recovery coefficient near the best efficiency point was studied. Detached Eddy Simulation (DES), an advanced turbulence modeling approach, was put to the test, in order to asses the gain attributable to a finer and more precise description of turbulent motions in this component. The numerical methods required associated to this approach, especially regarding the inlet boundary condition, were investigated. It was shown that the radial velocity profile specified at the inlet of the computational domain alters significantly the flow downstream and the predicted performance. With the measured radial velocity profile specified at the inlet of the draft tube, reasonnable agreement was found between URANS numerical results and experimental measurements of pressure recovery. However, some aspects of the numerical simulations does not agree well with experimental data. It is the case for flow imbalance between the two outlet bays. It was established that rotating flow structures underneath the runner blades require extremely fine grid and time step resolution to avoid their premature diffusion underneath the inlet plane. Nevertheless, at the studied operating point, their influence on draft tube performance was found to be very limited. DES and URANS simulations of the draft tube where axisymmetric inlet boundary conditions were imposed predicted similar pressure recovery. However, DES enables to simulate much more complex and rich turbulent motions, at a computational cost similar to the one of a URANS simulatation and with much less influence from the modeled turbulent quantities specified at the inlet plane.
Moureh, Jean. "Approche numérique tridimentionnelle de l'agitation mécanique en régime turbulent." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT049G.
Full textZhu, Wenjin. "Maintenance of monitored systems with multiple deterioration mechanisms in dynamic environments : application to wind turbines." Thesis, Troyes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TROY0005/document.
Full textThe thesis contributes to stochastic maintenance modeling of single or multi-components deteriorating systems with several failure modes evolving in a dynamic environment. In one hand, the failure process modeling is addressed and in the other hand, the thesis proposes maintenance decision rules taking into account available on-line monitoring information (system state, deterioration level, environmental conditions …) and develops mathematical models to measure the performances of the latter decision rules.In the framework of single component systems, the proposed deterioration and failure models take into account several deterioration causes (chocks and wear) and also the impact of environmental conditions on the deterioration. For multi-components systems, the competing risk models are considered and the dependencies and the impact of the environmental conditions are also studied. The proposed maintenance models are suitable for deterioration models and permit to consider different deterioration causes and to analyze the impact of the monitoring on the performances of the maintenance policies. For each case, the interest and applicability of models are analyzed through the example of wind turbine and wind turbine farm maintenance
Longchamp, Quentin. "Analyse expérimentale et numérique de l'écoulement dans le canal d'entrée d'un modèle de turbine bulbe." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30591/30591.pdf.
Full textThis work is part of the research activities of the Hydraulic Machines Laboratory of the Laval University and its objective is to contribute to the characterisation of the intake flow in a model of a bulb turbine. The representation of the mean velocity fields and the turbulent fluctuations under predefined operating conditions were obtained by the use of a LDV measurement system. Mass-flow imbalance and vortices in the intake channel were identified. The conception of an obstacle geometry causing a non-uniformity in the intake channel has been developed taking in consideration the predictions of numerical simulation. Numerical simulations of the complete machine for both steady and unsteady case were performed with and without obstacle in the intake channel. The objective of this process was to evaluate the influence of the intake flow condition on the turbine performances. Moreover, comparisons between experimental and numerical quantities were made.
Boutet-Blais, Guillaume. "Numerical Study of the Ingestion Phenomenon in a Turbine Rim Seal : CFD Validation and Real Engine Assessment." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28935/28935.pdf.
Full textLefrançois, Julie. "Optimisation du rendement d'une turbine multi-ailes à l'aide d'une méthode lagrangienne par particules vortex." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25539/25539.pdf.
Full textBen, Hassine Seif. "Multipath and receiver models for assessing the VOR bearing error : application to wind farms." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30047.
Full textThe implementation of wind turbines close to VHF Omnidirectional Range (VOR) systems is an important concern for civil aviation. The wind turbines constitute a source of multipath that can yield bearing errors in the azimuth estimated by aircraft receivers. In the literature, the bearing error is computed from the multipath characteristics by means of the analytic expression proposed by Odunaiya and Quinet. In this PhD thesis, we have developed a digital IQ receiver model which can reproduce the response of a VOR receiver when the multipath change in time along a realistic aircraft trajectory. In Chapter 1, the basic principle of the Conventional VOR (CVOR) and Doppler VOR (DVOR) is pre-sented. The multipath phenomenon generated by the wind turbines in the vicinity of VOR stations is detailed by presenting its parameters and some associated modeling methods that exist in the literature. An overview of the VOR receivers is presented by describing the standard structure of a VOR receiver and the signal processing steps to extract the azimuth information. The analytical expressions proposed by Odunaiya and Quinet for the CVOR and DVOR systems are given and illustrated. In Chapter 2, we present our digital IQ receiver model. A time series generator along a realistic aircraft trajectory is presented. A sampling criterion is also proposed to be sure to capture all the multipath variations in space. The digital IQ receiver model is detailed by describing its components. In order to analyze the effect of multipath dynamics on the VOR receiver, an illustration test is given by comparing the receiver model response with the Odunaiya expression. In Chapter 3, the behavior of our digital IQ receiver model is analyzed by comparing with a calibration receiver (R&S EVS300) from two laboratory measurements. The first one is performed in the VHF frequency band for one canonical multipath. The second one is performed using baseband IQ signals in a complex scenario. The measurements results are shown a good agreement between receivers. A CVOR and DVOR analysis are given in Chapter 4. For CVOR, we present a method to determine the validity domain of the static Odunaiya expression for computing the bearing error. For DVOR, we show that the bearing error is sensitive to the type of FM demodulator by developing and validating an alternative expression of the analytic Doppler error which is consistent with our FM demodulator. Finally, we evaluate the analysis of Bredemeyer which indicates that the effect of multipath on the reference signal must be considered in the DVOR error computation. In Chapter 5, we propose a statistical model for the bearing error with which the only parameters are the aircraft and wind turbine positions and the other parameters follow statistical distributions. This model allows to reduce the electromagnetic simulation time. Firstly, we determine the statistical distributions associated with the multipath parameters. Secondly, the statistical distribution associated with the bearing error is deduced. Finally, we perform Monte Carlo simulations to assess the parameters of the statistical distributions
Gagnon, Jean-Mathieu. "Contribution to the study of the 3D unsteady flow in a propeller turbine." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28126/28126.pdf.
Full textRazaaly, Nassim. "Rare Event Estimation and Robust Optimization Methods with Application to ORC Turbine Cascade." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX027.
Full textThis thesis aims to formulate innovative Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) methods in both Robust Optimization (RO) and Reliability-Based Design Optimization (RBDO) problems. The targeted application is the optimization of supersonic turbines used in Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power systems.Typical energy sources for ORC power systems feature variable heat load and turbine inlet/outlet thermodynamic conditions. The use of organic compounds with a heavy molecular weight typically leads to supersonic turbine configurations featuring supersonic flows and shocks, which grow in relevance in the aforementioned off-design conditions; these features also depend strongly on the local blade shape, which can be influenced by the geometric tolerances of the blade manufacturing. A consensus exists about the necessity to include these uncertainties in the design process, so requiring fast UQ methods and a comprehensive tool for performing shape optimization efficiently.This work is decomposed in two main parts. The first one addresses the problem of rare events estimation, proposing two original methods for failure probability (metaAL-OIS and eAK-MCS) and one for quantile computation (QeAK-MCS). The three methods rely on surrogate-based (Kriging) adaptive strategies, aiming at refining the so-called Limit-State Surface (LSS) directly, unlike Subset Simulation (SS) derived methods. Indeed, the latter consider intermediate threshold associated with intermediate LSSs to be refined. This direct refinement property is of crucial importance since it enables the adaptability of the developed methods for RBDO algorithms. Note that the proposed algorithms are not subject to restrictive assumptions on the LSS (unlike the well-known FORM/SORM), such as the number of failure modes, however need to be formulated in the Standard Space. The eAK-MCS and QeAK-MCS methods are derived from the AK-MCS method and inherit a parallel adaptive sampling based on weighed K-Means. MetaAL-OIS features a more elaborate sequential refinement strategy based on MCMC samples drawn from a quasi-optimal ISD. It additionally proposes the construction of a Gaussian mixture ISD, permitting the accurate estimation of small failure probabilities when a large number of evaluations (several millions) is tractable, as an alternative to SS. The three methods are shown to perform very well for 2D to 8D analytical examples popular in structural reliability literature, some featuring several failure modes, all subject to very small failure probability/quantile level. Accurate estimations are performed in the cases considered using a reasonable number of calls to the performance function.The second part of this work tackles original Robust Optimization (RO) methods applied to the Shape Design of a supersonic ORC Turbine cascade. A comprehensive Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) analysis accounting for operational, fluid parameters and geometric (aleatoric) uncertainties is illustrated, permitting to provide a general overview over the impact of multiple effects and constitutes a preliminary study necessary for RO. Then, several mono-objective RO formulations under a probabilistic constraint are considered in this work, including the minimization of the mean or a high quantile of the Objective Function. A critical assessment of the (Robust) Optimal designs is finally investigated
Miyaura, Edson Haruo. "Modélisation de fatigue et de mécanique de la rupture d'une structure éolienne soumise au chargement dynamique et aléatoire du vent." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAM0005/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to demonstrate how to do theoretical analyses of fatigue and fracture mechanics in a structure for horizontal axis wind turbine. The chain of calculations required to reach this objective is particularly long for two reasons : firstly, the wind speed varies randomly with time , secondly, the vibration amplitude of the mast is amplified due to its natural frequencies of vibration. A whole chapter is dedicated to modeling the wind speed in space and time. The same chapter shows how to synthesize a random signal by employing a power spectral density function (PSD). The axial force of the rotor is the most important loading on a structure for horizontal axis wind turbine. This force has a non linear relation with the wind speed. This implies the need to determine the PSD of the axial force from its signal, by employing a spectral estimation method. The Thomson Multitaper method revealed to be the most satisfactory for this application. The PSD of displacement of the mast is determined by associating the receptance of the structural system and the PSD of the force representing all loadings. Finally, a signal of stress can be synthesized from its PSD. The fatigue cycle counting method known as rainflow is discussed and employed. The fact that the signal of stress has a variable amplitude implies the need of a more sophisticated method to simulate a crack propagation. The method chosen in this thesis is called strip-yield
Stevenson, Pierre. "Contribution au développement d’un concept d’hybridation énergétique : structures de commande d’un système intégré éolien-hydrolien." Thesis, Le Havre, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LEHA0001/document.
Full textAThis thesis addresses the problem of wind-tidal turbines hybridization. It first raises the hypothesis of a wind turbine based on Synchronous Permanent Magnet Machine (PMSM) and a tidal using a Double-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG). So, it presents the modeling of different elements that make up each system studied, from the turbine to the network connection through the electric machine and static converters. Control strategies are also developed. These are used to extract the maximum energy while taking into account the limitations of the systems. The thesis also examines two possible coupling of wind and tidal turbines which both use a PMSM. The simulation results of the models that we have developed in Matlab / Simulink / SimpowerSystem allow to validate the control strategies and conclude that a good choice would be to opt for coupling to the DC bus
Mesnage, Hugo. "Modélisation et contrôle avancé pour les centrales de turbinage de moyenne et haute chute." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT025.
Full textThe integration of renewables at the scale of the network causes new paradigms: the first and most important change is the fact that the electrical power is no longer under control but dependent of the incontinence of renewable sources. This irregularity of production over consumption requires the storage of energy when it is produced to make it available for later. Pump storage plant (PSP) or turbine-pump equiped plants, are by their speed of action, storage capacity and environmentally respectful aspect, the main organs able to satisfy this growing demand energy storage across the network.During this thesis, the modeling problem and enslavement of transients of these sites is considered from the perspective of the turbine group: given a turbine in a hydraulic circuit, what is its dynamic behavior, and what control method ensures the best performances from the standpoint of the response time and stability.The manuscript is then structured around four chapters: the first, aims to introduce more finely issues and a mathematical representation of th dynamic of these sites. The second chapter presents an original method based on a graphic study of a simplified model of the turbine system placed along a linear and constant section penstock. This section establishes the minimum time of action of these plants dependently of the actuator performance and topology of the site. The third chapter contains the main contribution of this work in terms of regulation of a pump storage site: it proposes a linear regulation of the hydraulic circuit in which is the flow of water through the use of a non-linear actuator: the turbine. Finally, to address particular sequences, the fourth and final chapter proposes establishing trajectories compatible with the dynamics and constraints resulting from the use of a turbine. Then the computed trajectories allow greater control of the phenomena through the use of a well chosen optimization function and a predictive with finite horizon state feedback