Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Turbines hydrauliques – Modèles mathématiques'
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Guénette, Vincent. "Prédiction numérique de l'écoulement turbulent au sein d'une turbine bulbe par des simulations " rans "." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30123/30123.pdf.
Full textPayette, Félix-Antoine. "Simulation de l'écoulement turbulent dans les aspirateurs de turbines hydrauliques : impact des paramètres de modélisation." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25433/25433.pdf.
Full textRoman, Ortiz Edwin. "Analyse de l'écoulement dans la roue d'une turbine hydraulique axiale de type hélice : prise en considération du jeu de bout d'aube." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27999/27999.pdf.
Full textBeaubien, Carl-Anthony. "Simulations numériques de l'écoulement turbulent dans un aspirateur de turbine hydraulique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29942/29942.pdf.
Full textThe work carried throughout this thesis has for objective to enhance losses predictions in hydraulic turbines draft tube. In order to acheive this, the flow in a draft tube charaterized by a sharp drop in the pressure recovery coefficient near the best efficiency point was studied. Detached Eddy Simulation (DES), an advanced turbulence modeling approach, was put to the test, in order to asses the gain attributable to a finer and more precise description of turbulent motions in this component. The numerical methods required associated to this approach, especially regarding the inlet boundary condition, were investigated. It was shown that the radial velocity profile specified at the inlet of the computational domain alters significantly the flow downstream and the predicted performance. With the measured radial velocity profile specified at the inlet of the draft tube, reasonnable agreement was found between URANS numerical results and experimental measurements of pressure recovery. However, some aspects of the numerical simulations does not agree well with experimental data. It is the case for flow imbalance between the two outlet bays. It was established that rotating flow structures underneath the runner blades require extremely fine grid and time step resolution to avoid their premature diffusion underneath the inlet plane. Nevertheless, at the studied operating point, their influence on draft tube performance was found to be very limited. DES and URANS simulations of the draft tube where axisymmetric inlet boundary conditions were imposed predicted similar pressure recovery. However, DES enables to simulate much more complex and rich turbulent motions, at a computational cost similar to the one of a URANS simulatation and with much less influence from the modeled turbulent quantities specified at the inlet plane.
Longchamp, Quentin. "Analyse expérimentale et numérique de l'écoulement dans le canal d'entrée d'un modèle de turbine bulbe." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30591/30591.pdf.
Full textThis work is part of the research activities of the Hydraulic Machines Laboratory of the Laval University and its objective is to contribute to the characterisation of the intake flow in a model of a bulb turbine. The representation of the mean velocity fields and the turbulent fluctuations under predefined operating conditions were obtained by the use of a LDV measurement system. Mass-flow imbalance and vortices in the intake channel were identified. The conception of an obstacle geometry causing a non-uniformity in the intake channel has been developed taking in consideration the predictions of numerical simulation. Numerical simulations of the complete machine for both steady and unsteady case were performed with and without obstacle in the intake channel. The objective of this process was to evaluate the influence of the intake flow condition on the turbine performances. Moreover, comparisons between experimental and numerical quantities were made.
Taheri, Arash. "Detached eddy simulation of unsteady turbulent flows in the draft tube of a bulb turbine." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27061.
Full textDraft tubes play a crucial role in elevating the available energy extraction of hydroturbines. In this project, turbulent flows in the draft tube of a low-head bulb turbine were simulated using, among others, an advance hybrid LES/RANS turbulent model, called DDES, which can resolve portions of the turbulent spectrum. Providing appropriate inflow boundary conditions for such models is a challenging issue. In this regard, different inflow boundary conditions were tested, including axisymmetric 1D profiles, and unsteady 2D inflow profiles that take runner blade wakes and vortices into account. Artificial fluctuation at the inlet section of the draft tube was also included to mimic the turbulence existing after the runner. Simulations were conducted for two draft tube configurations of the BulbT project. For one of them, intensive comparisons with experimental data were done for two operating conditions, one at part load and another in the sharp drop-off portion of the efficiency hill after the best efficiency point. This allowed to assess the effectiveness and shortcomings of the adopted turbulence modeling and boundary conditions through their effects on the global and local quantities. The results showed that the runner-related vortical structures and wakes are appropriately resolved using stand-alone DDES simulation of the draft tube flows. This is achieved by applying unsteady 2D inflow profiles along with adopting low dissipation scheme for the convective term. Furthermore, the effects of applying artificial turbulence at inlet were explored using separation intermittency, two-point correlation, energy spectrum and Lagrangian coherent structure concepts. These analyses revealed that the type of inflow boundary conditions modifies the details of the flow and separation dynamics as well as patterns of the transport barriers in different regions of the draft tube. However, the global quantities such as recovery coefficient are not influenced by these local features.
Moureh, Jean. "Approche numérique tridimentionnelle de l'agitation mécanique en régime turbulent." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT049G.
Full textGagnon, Jean-Mathieu. "Contribution to the study of the 3D unsteady flow in a propeller turbine." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28126/28126.pdf.
Full textMesnage, Hugo. "Modélisation et contrôle avancé pour les centrales de turbinage de moyenne et haute chute." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT025.
Full textThe integration of renewables at the scale of the network causes new paradigms: the first and most important change is the fact that the electrical power is no longer under control but dependent of the incontinence of renewable sources. This irregularity of production over consumption requires the storage of energy when it is produced to make it available for later. Pump storage plant (PSP) or turbine-pump equiped plants, are by their speed of action, storage capacity and environmentally respectful aspect, the main organs able to satisfy this growing demand energy storage across the network.During this thesis, the modeling problem and enslavement of transients of these sites is considered from the perspective of the turbine group: given a turbine in a hydraulic circuit, what is its dynamic behavior, and what control method ensures the best performances from the standpoint of the response time and stability.The manuscript is then structured around four chapters: the first, aims to introduce more finely issues and a mathematical representation of th dynamic of these sites. The second chapter presents an original method based on a graphic study of a simplified model of the turbine system placed along a linear and constant section penstock. This section establishes the minimum time of action of these plants dependently of the actuator performance and topology of the site. The third chapter contains the main contribution of this work in terms of regulation of a pump storage site: it proposes a linear regulation of the hydraulic circuit in which is the flow of water through the use of a non-linear actuator: the turbine. Finally, to address particular sequences, the fourth and final chapter proposes establishing trajectories compatible with the dynamics and constraints resulting from the use of a turbine. Then the computed trajectories allow greater control of the phenomena through the use of a well chosen optimization function and a predictive with finite horizon state feedback
Podeur, Vincent. "Modélisation expérimentale et numérique du power take-off d’un bassin houlomoteur." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ENTA0005.
Full textThe present work aims at studying the power take-off of a wave energy converter (WEC). This system is composed of a set of connected tanks. Rubber flaps are installed at tanks inlet and outlet to ensure a one-way flow direction. Thanks to wave induced motions of the supporting platform, sloshing appears inside the WEC tanks which feed a cylindrical basin with a centered drain hole at its bottom. Then, a bathtub vortex flow appears within this tank, where a vertical axis turbine is installed to harvest kinetic energy from the flow. The first phase of this research focuses on studying the steady bathtub flow. To do so, a dedicated experiment is built. Velocity field within the cylindrical basin, with and without the turbine, is studied via Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). In addition, power production from the turbine and water level inside the tank are measured. These results are used to define starting hypothesis for developing a numerical model of the turbine. The second phase of this research focuses on studying the unsteady bathtub flow. For this purpose, a second experiment is built. This setup provides a more realistic environment, closer to what can be observed with the WEC system. PIV measurements are also used extensively to study the flow with and without the turbine. The last stage of this research focuses on the numerical modelling of the vertical axis turbine. The model is based on the potential flow theory. First, a two-dimensional approach is used to validate the early pieces of the model. Secondly, a three-dimensional approach is adopted to account for more complex flow features. Finally, numerical and experiment results are compared
Bieupoude, Guélaih Pascal. "Approche constructale pour l’optimisation de réseaux hydrauliques." Perpignan, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PERP1279.
Full textThe optimization of water distribution network involves the three sensible following questions: water quality management, pumping energy and the investment cost. The geometry of the distribution network and the laws that distribute pipes diameters and pipes lengths influence strongly the effectiveness of such systems. In this thesis, an original approach relating quality to quantity and based on the geometric, multi-scale and multi-criteria optimization called constructal design was used to optimize these systems. It permitted to demonstrate that there are some optimal water network configurations that minimize the total head losses and by the same moment have better operating residence time. This is an added value as far as energy saving and optimal water quality management are concerned. A comparison with former methods enabled to reinforce the effectiveness of results developed in the present work
Taraud, Jean-Philippe. "Recouvrement de géométries complexes et applications pour l'étude d'une turbine hydraulique de type bulbe." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30786/30786.pdf.
Full textThis research work deals with the geometry recovery of the runner and the draft tube of a bulb turbine, based on the real scale model. Once the geometry recovery of the runner completed, this computerized geometry allows to design an instrumented blade with embedded pressure sensors. A non-contact laser scanner on a precision measuring arm is used to create precise and detailed point clouds of the runner and draft tube geometries. Then, these point clouds are processed in a computer-aided design (CAD) software, in order to achieve a precise computerized geometry of the model. Deviation analyses allow to quantify the deviations so as to validate the CAD geometries and the IEC60193 standard agreement for the runner. Finally, a new instrumented blade with thirty embedded pressure sensors is developed so as to investigate pressure fluctuations in the runner in constant and transient operating conditions.
Ghavasieh, Ahmad-Reza. "Contribution à la modélisation des aménagements hydrauliques des bassins versants en lit majeur." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10233.
Full textAuder, Benjamin. "Classification et modélisation de sorties fonctionnelles de codes de calcul : application aux calculs thermo-hydrauliques accidentels dans les réacteurs à eau pressurisés (REP)." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066066.
Full textBourget, Sébastien. "Development and assessment of a modeling method for hydrokinetic turbines operating in arrays." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31588.
Full textIn order to contribute to the development of the hydrokinetic power industry, a new line of research has been initiated recently at the Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides Numérique (LMFN) de l’Université Laval. It is related to the optimization of turbine farm layouts. As the numerical modeling of turbine farms has been little investigated in the past at the LMFN, the objectives of this work are to develop a numerical methodology that will allow the study of turbine farm layouts at reasonable simulation cost and to verify its reliability. Inspired from numerical models found in the available literature, an original modeling approach is developed. This modeling approach is referred-to as the Effective Performance Turbine Model, or EPTM. The EPTM reliability is assessed in terms of its capacity to predict correctly the mean performances and the wake recovery of the turbines. The results of “high-fidelity” CFD simulations, which include at high cost the complete rotor geometry, are used as a reference. Results of the performance assessment show that the EPTM approach is appropriate for the modeling of both axial-flow (horizontal-axis) turbines and cross-flow (vertical-axis) turbines operating in clean flow conditions. Indeed, the EPTM provides very good predictions of the value of the optimal angular speed at which the rotor should be rotating to operate near maximum power extraction, the magnitude of the mean forces acting on the turbine and the mean power it extracts from the flow. The EPTM also succeeds to generate the adequate nearwake flow topology of each of the reference turbine investigated. However, the steady turbulence modeling approach used in the EPTM simulations appears inadequate in some cases. Possible model improvements are discussed as a conclusion.
Darcel, Caroline. "Corrélations dans les réseaux de fractures : caractérisation et conséquences sur les propriétés hydrauliques." Rennes 1, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003702v2.
Full textThiriet, Romain. "Amélioration de la prévision des performances transitoires des turbines à gaz." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT2349.
Full textFor a gas turbine preliminary design, the performances program has to simply integrate complex physical phenomena during transient conditions. This thesis addresses this issue and deals particularly with heat soakage, a transient effect which diminishes the gas turbine acceleration rate. The heat soakage modelling has been performed with the nodal method. This system approach enabled us to build simple heat transfer models for each engine component. After a detailed analysis of the air flow and the wall geometries characteristics usually found in a gas turbine, some laws, taken from experimental studies, have been used to model the convective and radiative heat transfers. A geometrical perimeter and a refining mesh study allowed us to reduce the models size without cartooning the described physical phenomena. A validation of the heat transfers model has been done by comparing the wall temperatures computed with those measured in a test bench. The update of the gas turbine performances program with the heat transfers models has diminished dramatically the prediction errors of the engine acceleration capabilities. This result is still valid within the whole flight envelope and for others turboshafts arrangements and several sizes. Eventually, in order to grasp the residual errors of prediction, the engine performances sensitivity to thermomechanical effects and combustion efficiency has been also studied
Veilleux, Jean-Christophe. "Optimization of a Fully-Passive Flapping-Airfoil Turbine." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25229.
Full textCe mémoire concerne l'étude aéroélastique des oscillations auto-soutenues en pilonnementtangage d'une aile portante montée sur des supports élastiques et exposée à un écoulement. De telles oscillations pourraient être utilisées afin de développer un nouveau type de turbine hydrocinétique relativement simple d'un point de vue mécanique. Ceci est possible car les oscillations qui résultent de l'interaction fluide-structure entre l'écoulement, l'aile et ses supports élastiques sont entretenues par un transfert d'énergie de l'écoulement vers la structure. Dans cette étude numérique, le logiciel OpenFOAM-2.1.x est utilisé afin de résoudre le problème aéroélastique. À l'aide de simulations instationnaires en deux dimensions d'un écoulement visqueux à nombre de Reynolds de 500 000, ce type de turbine est optimisé et amplement étudié afin de développer une meilleure compréhension de la physique en jeu. Suite à une optimisation de la turbine à l'aide d'une méthode de type gradients, des efficacités relativement élevées ont été obtenues. En effet, le cas optimal qui est présenté dans cette étude a une efficacité qui est de l'ordre de 34%. Cela correspond à une efficacité relativement élevée lorsqu'elle est comparée à l'efficacité d'une turbine hydrolienne cinématiquement contrainte qui est de l'ordre de 43%. Il faut noter que la version pleinement passive est mécaniquement beaucoup plus simple que la version cinématiquement contrainte. Un tel avantage mécanique peut, en soi, justifier pleinement une efficacité légèrement plus faible. De plus, la solution optimisée proposée dans ce mémoire n'est certainement pas unique et ne correspond pas au seul extremum du vaste espace paramétrique. En fait, d'autres solutions efficaces sont présentées dans ce mémoire et une optimisation complète autour de ces solutions demeure toujours à être effectuée. Dans tous les cas, ces réesultats démontrent le grand potentiel d'utiliser des ailes oscillantes pleinement passives en guise d'hydroliennes efficaces. D'un point de vue physique, ce mémoire met en valeur que le phénomène d'oscillations de cycle limite auquel l'aile est sujette est le résultat d'un flottement de décrochage. Cela est ainsi en raison de la forte interaction entre l'aile et les tourbillons largués pendant le grand décrochage dynamique. En fait, c'est spécifiquement cette interaction entre l'aile et les vortex qui donne lieu au mouvement de tangage. De plus, deux mécanismes responsables des bonnes performances de la turbine ont été mis en valeur. Ces mécanismes sont la synchronisation adéquate entre les deux degrés de liberté, ainsi que le mouvement non sinusoïdal en tangage.
This master's thesis deals with an aeroelastic problem that consists into self-sustained, pitchheave oscillations of an elastically-mounted airfoil. Such oscillations of an airfoil could be used in order to develop a novel fully-passive flow harvester that is relatively simple from a mechanical point of view. Indeed, the motion of an airfoil that is elastically mounted emerges as a result of the fluid-structure interaction between the flow, the airfoil and its elastic supports, and is sustained through a transfer of energy from the flow to the structure. In this numerical study, the OpenFOAM-2.1.x CFD toolbox is used for solving the aeroelastic problem. Through unsteady two-dimensional viscous simulations at a Reynolds number of 500,000, such a fully-passive turbine is optimized and extensively investigated to develop a better comprehension of the physics at play. Following a gradient-like optimization of the turbine, relatively high efficiencies have been obtained. Indeed, the optimal case found in this numerical study has a two-dimensional efficiency in the range of 34%. This is fairly high when compared to the two-dimensional efficiency of a kinematically-constrained turbine, which is in the range of 43%. Further, the fully-passive version of the turbine is far less mechanically complex than its kinematicallyconstrained counterpart. Alone, such a mechanical advantage could justify the slightly lower efficiency of the fully-passive turbine. Nevertheless, the optimized solution suggested within this thesis is certainly not the only local extrema of the vast parametric space pertaining to the aeroelastic device. Other efficient cases have been found, and complete optimizations about these solutions still need to be achieved. Overall, the results demonstrate the great potential of using fully-passive, flapping airfoils as efficient hydrokinetic turbines. From a more physical perspective, this thesis highlights the fact that the airfoil is undergoing limit-cycle oscillations as a result of stall flutter. This is because the interaction between the airfoil and the vortices shed during the dynamic stall events is large. In fact, it is specifically this interaction that mostly accounts for the pitching motion of the airfoil. Further, two fundamental mechanisms have been found to be very beneficial for enhancing the performances of the turbine. These mechanisms are the adequate synchronization between both degrees-offreedom, and the nonsinusoidal shape of the pitching motion.
Batchati, Pinalessa. "Étude d'une distribution hydraulique pilotée par P. W. M. Et modélisation et contrôle de débit d'une pompe à cylindrée variable pilotée par microprocesseur." Compiègne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994COMPD702.
Full textYoussef, Moafaq Mohamed. "Exploration of novel fuels for gas turbine (ENV-406) : modeling of T60 test rig with diesel & biodiesel fuels." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25332.
Full textIn this thesis, a CFD model was proposed to simulate the liquid combustion of conventional and non-conventional biodiesel fuels, in particularly the B20 biodiesel blend. The numerical test matrix consists of four reacting flow cases, and one non-reacting liquid fuel injection case. The models are computed using FLUENT™ v.14 in a 3D steady-state fashion. The turbulent non-premixed diffusion flames are modeled using the steady laminar flamelet approach; with a joint presumed Probability density function (PDF) distribution. Validation is achieved by comparing available experimental measurements with the obtained CFD results. Combustor aerodynamics and the outer wall temperatures are captured with a satisfactory degree of accuracy. Validation of the main combustion products, such as: CO2, H2O, and O2, shows satisfactory results for all the reacting flow cases; however, some inconsistencies were found for the CO emissions. It is believed that the test rig (combustor geometry and operating condition) is not sufficiently adequate for burning liquid fuels. On the other hand, from a numerical combustion point of view, the steady laminar flamelet approach was found not reasonably able to capture the deep non-equilibrium effects associated with the slow formation process of a pollutant, such as CO.
Ortego, Sampedro Egoï. "Étude d’un système hydropneumatique de stockage d’énergie utilisant une pompe/turbine rotodynamique." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENAM0059/document.
Full textThe present increasing development of storage systems connected to electrical network is stimulated by network management issues related to recent energetic landscape evolutions such as the increasing integration of renewable production sources. The hydro-pneumatic system seems to offer a clean and cheap energy storage solution among the set of existing storage technics. The present study analyses an air-water direct contact accumulation configuration, in closed cycle and using a rotodynamic pump/turbine. The main points of interest related to these technical choices are: the air-water interface mass and heat phenomena, variable operating point performances of a rotodynamic hydraulic machine and the overall efficiency of the storage device. These aspects are studied by, in some cases, a local approach, and then a global one in order to propose a dynamic behaviour model of the storage system suitable for rapid simulations. The modelling aspects were treated in parallel to the development of a 45 kW test rig built during this project. The experimental observations made on this test rig are compared to the modelling results that represent correctly the dynamics and energetic state of the system. At the end of this document, some studies for the improving of the power delivery flexibility and efficiency increasing of the accumulation element are engaged
Bochud, Pascal. "Résolution spatiale non uniforme dans une méthode vortex et optimisation d'un concept de turbine à aile oscillante." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25597/25597.pdf.
Full textDionne, Isabelle. "Évaluation d'un système expérimental de prévisions hydrologiques et hydrauliques d'ensemble." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28437/28437.pdf.
Full textBazin, Antoine. "Modélisation numérique du retour de chaleur post-arrêt dans une turbine à gaz." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25410.
Full textHeat soak-back is a phenomenon observed in many thermal applications including internal combustion engines. Post shutdown studies of these systems, particularly gas turbines, have shown that a massive heat wave could diffuse in the engine causing potential damage. As moving parts in the engine immobilize, heat diffuses freely from hotter to colder sections, including cavities such as the combustor. Primarily composed of free convection, the heat front in the combustor may cause premature coking in the top dead center injectors as the buoyant hot air tends to reach the upper section of the combustor. The following investigation implies computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation in order to predict the thermal behaviour and magnitude of this soak-back phenomenon inside a modified can combustor test rig and its potential consequences on the fuel delivery system. The numerical model will eventually be validated using experimentations with this combustor equipped with complementary thermal accumulation masses.
Bangoy, Lumony Mulongo. "Hydrodymanique d'un site expérimental en aquifère du socle fissuré : nouvelle méthode d'interprétation des essais hydrauliques." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20011.
Full textGuillou, Florian. "Modélisation et simulations numériques stationnaires de l'aérothermique des circuits internes d'aubes de turbines refroidies." Rouen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ROUES055.
Full textThe increase in gas turbine performance based on a turbine entry temperature rise requires the improvement of the blade cooling efficiency. Blades are cooled by internal convection thanks to the injection of high-pressure unburnt air into cooling channels. Therefore fast and reliable numerical tools are able to predict internal convective heat transfers are needed for the design of turbine blades. The goal of the present work was to develop methodologies for RANS simulations able to achieve such predictions. The software platform of Onera called CEDRE, which is designed for unstructured meshes, has been used. Focus was on the modeling of the Reynolds stress tensor and the enthalpy turbulent fluxes for both high-Reynolds and near-wall areas. Meshing strategy was also considered. Greater emphasis was placed on the approaches that could yield the best quality/cost ratio. For that reason one-equation turbulence models based on eddy viscosity, explicit algebraic Reynolds stress models and advanced wall laws have been evaluated on their ability to reproduce the effects of rotation and flow curvature on turbulence anisotropy, and on the consequences of these effects on convective heat transfers. Validations were carried out by comparison with the experimental data obtained both on the MERCI and BATHIRE test rigs of Onera and in the framework of the european project ERICKA. Promising results were obtained with an explicit algebraic Reynolds stress model for turbulent momentum fluxes and a model based on a generalized gradient-diffusion hypothesis for turbulent enthalpy fluxes. The obtained methodology was successfully applied to a real blade configuration from Snecma
Beaulieu, Patrice. "Modélisation par éléments finis du comportement thermomécanique des couverts de glace des réservoirs hydrauliques retenus par des barrages." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28144/28144.pdf.
Full textBroy, Perrine. "Evaluation de la sûreté de systèmes dynamiques hybrides complexes : application aux systèmes hydrauliques." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Troyes, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01006308.
Full textMatteï, Jérémie Hugo. "Modélisation analytique et numérique de la cavité interne d'un injecteur rotatif fronde pour turbines à gaz." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27485/27485.pdf.
Full textAugé, Jean-Christophe. "Utilisation d'un modèle à hasard proportionnel pour estimer la fiabilité de composants mécaniques : Modélisation de l'influence de l'environnement sur la fiabilité de vérins hydrauliques et pneumatiques. Application aux essais accélérés." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1998. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1739_jcauge.pdf.
Full textZhu, Wenjin. "Maintenance of monitored systems with multiple deterioration mechanisms in dynamic environments : application to wind turbines." Thesis, Troyes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TROY0005/document.
Full textThe thesis contributes to stochastic maintenance modeling of single or multi-components deteriorating systems with several failure modes evolving in a dynamic environment. In one hand, the failure process modeling is addressed and in the other hand, the thesis proposes maintenance decision rules taking into account available on-line monitoring information (system state, deterioration level, environmental conditions …) and develops mathematical models to measure the performances of the latter decision rules.In the framework of single component systems, the proposed deterioration and failure models take into account several deterioration causes (chocks and wear) and also the impact of environmental conditions on the deterioration. For multi-components systems, the competing risk models are considered and the dependencies and the impact of the environmental conditions are also studied. The proposed maintenance models are suitable for deterioration models and permit to consider different deterioration causes and to analyze the impact of the monitoring on the performances of the maintenance policies. For each case, the interest and applicability of models are analyzed through the example of wind turbine and wind turbine farm maintenance
Ali, Tomlakiwé. "Simulation et modélisation numérique de l'interaction choc-interface-couche limite pariétale en tube à choc." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX11077.
Full textVeylon, Guillaume. "Modélisation numérique du mécanisme de liquéfaction des sols : application aux ouvrages hydrauliques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI019/document.
Full textGranular materials generally exhibit a broad spectrum of mechanical properties. Developing constitutive models to integrate these properties in the context of simulations at the structure scale remains a real scientific challenge. In this respect, multi-scale approaches offer very promising solutions as they allow the emergence of macroscopic properties from micromechanical models calibrated on a microscopic scale.Among the multiscale models, the H model marks a major step forward in taking into account the effects of the microstructure in the behavior of granular materials. The structure of the granular material is described by an assembly of hexagons, oriented in space. From homogenization operations, stresses and incremental strains are related to the scale of the assembly, giving rise to a constitutive model that has the ability to reproduce the essential mechanical properties of granular materials.We first study the mechanical properties of the hexagonal grain assembly in order to identify the conditions leading to the triggering of its instability. We then carry out a study of the sensitivity of the constitutive model with respect to micro-mechanical and microstructural parameters. Finally, we demonstrate the operational capacities of the model from triaxial undrained tests carried out on a liquefiable loose sand.In a second step, the H model is implemented as a constitutive law in a finite difference code. Simulations of non-homogeneous biaxial tests are carried out in order to explore the model's capacities to reproduce the different failure modes observed in the laboratory. The use of the H model to model drained and undrained biaxial tests highlights the influence of the microstructure on the mechanical response of granular materials. Finally, model H is used in numerical simulations at the structure scale to model the loading of a shallow foundation and the failure of a levee subjected to a flooding event
Bordois, Lucie. "Modélisation numérique de la marée interne : contrôles hydrauliques et topographiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30294/document.
Full textInternal tides are involved in the Meridional Overturning Circulation energy balance. The issue about the relative importance of the mechanical and thermodynamical energy sources induces a need for a quantitative evaluation of the energy transfers and for a clear understanding of the physical processes involved in these energy transfers. In supercritical regions such as the strait of Gibraltar or the Hawaiian Ridge, large topography variations and strong currents lead to more complex generation mechanisms of internal waves and environmental interactions. They can be subject locally to spectacular breaking, with turbulent structures observed hundreds of meters above the seafloor, and driving turbulence orders of magnitude higher than open-ocean levels. These regions are also effective at generating nonlinear internal waves (ISWs) which persist for days after their generation and are suspected to be responsible for important remote energy transfers. In these "extreme" regions, ISWs dynamics is also more difficult to model. These situations are highly non-hydrostatic and non-linear with strong instabilities, strong velocity and density gradients and steep slopes. Moreover, in these regions, actual internal wave's parameterizations are often inadequate. So there is a real need to understand and represent better the ISWs dynamic in these areas. This thesis follows the line of research of Dossmann (2012), on topographically induced internal solitary waves which used a complementary approach relying on numerical and experimental configurations at laboratory scale. In this context, we continue to explore internal tide regimes but in "supercritical" regions: internal tide generation area with supercritical topography and hydraulic control. Simulations are performed using the nonhydrostatic and non-Boussinesq version of the regional oceanic circulation model SNH. In a first part, taking an idealized modeling approach at laboratory scale, we examined a range of different internal waves regimes in "supercritical" regions. Relying on quasi-direct numerical simulations (quasi-DNS), a regime analysis has been proposed using and identifying key non-dimensional parameters for ISWs dynamics. This analysis has permitted to recover a topographic control on vertical mode generation characterized by the ratio of vertical mode wavelength to topography width, even above supercritical topography. The topographic selection criterion has proven to be a useful indicator of high mode solitary wave formation in non-linear regime. The purpose of the second part is to extend the previous studies at laboratory scales towards more realistic oceanic conditions. In this regard, the regime analysis is applied to a idealized large scale oceanic strait through a similitude principle. The idealized strait configuration succeeds in representing laboratory scale strait regime at largest and realistic scales. Then our analysis is applied to two well-known realistic cases: the Strait of Gibraltar and Georges Bank through large eddy simulations. These two oceanographic "supercritical" regions are particularly interesting for their specific topography and stratification conditions
Boutet-Blais, Guillaume. "Numerical Study of the Ingestion Phenomenon in a Turbine Rim Seal : CFD Validation and Real Engine Assessment." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28935/28935.pdf.
Full textLefrançois, Julie. "Optimisation du rendement d'une turbine multi-ailes à l'aide d'une méthode lagrangienne par particules vortex." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25539/25539.pdf.
Full textJosnin, Jean-Yves. "Intérêt de la prise en compte du rôle de la tectonique plioquaternaire dans la modélisation des circulations et des échanges hydrauliques d'un aquifère karstique du Languedoc méditerranéen (Bassin versant du Gard, France)." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20006.
Full textPieper, Leila. "Development of a model simplification procedure for integrated urban water system models : conceptual catchment and sewer modelling." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27991.
Full textModelling urban wastewater networks within integrated systems, focusing on both water quantity and quality, introduces flexibility to develop solutions with greatest benefit to the overall system. Integrated models provide benefits over traditional single sub-system models by facilitating efficient analysis of interactions between the individual components of urban water systems (i.e. catchments, sewers, treatment plants, and receiving waters) within a single modelling platform. The reduced complexity of this type of model decreases the computational burden compared to their detailed counterparts. This allows for a wider range of assessments such as scenario-testing, RTC optimization, and Monte Carlo uncertainty analyses. The potential to create these types of representative integrated models was proven in multiple studies, however, the current methods to develop these models are not well-established nor well documented, and therefore require significant work for each case study. Furthermore, the lack of a standardized method to represent the water quantity portion limits the wide-scale application of such models for water quality studies. Although research is required to further develop and optimize all methodologies involved with building Integrated Urban Wastewater System (IUWS) models, this project focuses on the simplified catchment and sewer conceptual models for water quantity. The objective of this study was to develop a structured procedure to translate detailed hydrologic and hydraulic models into the simplified conceptual models used in IUWS modelling. The aim was to improve repeatability, flexibility and efficiency of the general approach, regardless of chosen modelling platforms. This task was achieved by extracting the key steps and considerations while building two simplified conceptual models of a case study in central Ottawa, Canada. The central urban portion (6,400 ha) of a calibrated detailed PCSWMM model of the City of Ottawa, containing a mix of separated, partially-separated and combined sewer areas, was used as the reference model in this case study. The main task involved determining how to translate this detailed model into simplified conceptual models, using WEST as the platform, in a structured, systematic and repeatable way. The resultant developed procedure follows a similar sequence as the protocols reviewed in the literature review, while taking into consideration specifics related to aggregating catchments and sewers. The four main phases of this thesis are Project Definition, Model Development, Calibration and Validation. Two versions of the lumped model were created; the first was created with a certain level of aggregation, while the second was a further aggregation of the first model, resulting in about half the number of blocks and reservoirs. Both models were calibrated and compared to the detailed model as well as to each other. The simulation results showed that the volume and dynamics (ie. the shape of the hydrographs) of the conceptual models emulated those of the detailed model well (< < 10% differences), while providing a significant reduction in simulation-time speed-up (10 to 80 times faster than the detailed model). The simulation time reduction in the more aggregated model was not equivalent to the increased level of aggregation, mostly due to the fixed amount of basic calculation required in each model. As generally expected, larger but acceptable differences were found during the validation period compared to the calibration period. These differences were attributed to several factors, such as the lack of a long-time series calibration, oversimplified representations of special structures, the different mechanisms in the detailed and conceptual models used to represent wet weather flow, and the configuration of the model code. Overall, the validation was successful given the fact that the calibration was performed using events whereas the validation used an extended time series of 45 days. In general, the devised procedure helped reduce the manual labour associated with building a model and structured the approach to build the conceptual models. General findings from the various identified phases were also documented throughout the model building process. In the Project Definition phase, the conceptual model’s objectives guided the method of model development and calibration. The catchments and sewers were delineated concurrently in the Model Development phase, while taking into consideration the locations of the key hydraulic structures, raingauges and overflows. The Calibration phase allowed for the most systematic advancement of the model build, given that a good calibration order was defined and a limited set of parameters was targeted in each successive run. The Validation phase proved critical in pinpointing deficiencies in the initial assumptions and calibrated values, thus determining whether the model is ready for use or needs to be modified through one of the preceding phases. An efficient and structured procedure that translates catchment and sewer representations from detailed to conceptual models in IUWS was developed and successfully applied to a case study. As demonstrated in this project, applying the proposed structured procedure will lead to the efficient development of representative IUWS models, thus increasing their potential use to test real-life scenarios. To challenge and improve the formulated procedure, applying it to multiple case studies is recommended.
Fischer, Pierre. "Nouvelles approches de tomographies hydrauliques en aquifère hétérogène : théories et applications en milieu karstique et fracturé." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR059/document.
Full textThis thesis manuscript presents a novel approach to characterize qualitatively and quantitatively the structures localization and properties in a fractured and karstic aquifer at a decametric scale. This approach relies on a hydraulic tomography led from responses to a pumping investigation and interpreted with inversion methods adapted to the complexity of karstic systems. The approach is applied on a karstic experimental study site in France, a first time with constant pumping signals, and a second time with harmonic pumping signals. In both applications, the investigation resulted in groundwater level responses measured during alternated pumping tests at different locations. The quantitative interpretation of these sets of responses consists in reproducing these responses through a model with an adequate realistic property field generated by inversion. The inversion methods proposed in this manuscript permit to reconstruct a realistic hydraulic property field by representing the karstic structures either through a network generated by cellular automata, or through a discretized network. The interpretation results obtained on the experimental study site permit to image the karstic structures on a map and to‘read’ their localization. Furthermore, the results obtained with the responses to harmonic pumping tests tend to show the role of the signal frequency on the information carried by the responses. In fact, higher frequencies better characterize the most conductive structures, while lower frequencies mobilize flows also in less conductive karstic structures
Bouajila, Sofien. "Analyse expérimentale et numérique des écoulements à charge partielle dans les turbines Francis - Étude des vortex inter-aubes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI030.
Full textThe integration of renewable energies into the electricity grid brings new needs for hydro power plant operators in terms of how they are operated. Consequently, hydraulic turbine manufacturers are required to extend their machine’s operating range in order to increase their flexibility. In the case of Francis turbines, dynamic stresses could increase in off-design conditions due to several hydraulic phenomena that appear in the flow, especially at partial load. One of them is the development of inter-blade vortices in the runner. In order to guarantee an extended operating range manufacturers have to control the impact of such operating conditions on their turbines lifetime. Therefore, a better understanding of complex partial load flows and their mechanical impact on the turbines is needed. In this context, this thesis uses both experimental and numerical approaches. Reduced scale model turbines were tested in order to correlate hydraulic phenomena observed in the flow and the evolution of pressure and strain fluctuations for different operating points. The results were then used to estimate the turbine fatigue in partial load conditions. Computational Fluid Dynamics was also used to better understand the formation of inter-blade vortices and to predict the dynamic loading on the runner at partial load. These numerical results were validated by comparison with the experimental data from the previous test rig measurements and observation campaigns
Bargui, Henda. "Modélisation des comportements mécaniques et hydrauliques de massifs rocheux simulés par des assemblages de blocs rigides : Introduction d'un couplage hydro-mécanique." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529406.
Full textBen, Hassine Seif. "Multipath and receiver models for assessing the VOR bearing error : application to wind farms." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30047.
Full textThe implementation of wind turbines close to VHF Omnidirectional Range (VOR) systems is an important concern for civil aviation. The wind turbines constitute a source of multipath that can yield bearing errors in the azimuth estimated by aircraft receivers. In the literature, the bearing error is computed from the multipath characteristics by means of the analytic expression proposed by Odunaiya and Quinet. In this PhD thesis, we have developed a digital IQ receiver model which can reproduce the response of a VOR receiver when the multipath change in time along a realistic aircraft trajectory. In Chapter 1, the basic principle of the Conventional VOR (CVOR) and Doppler VOR (DVOR) is pre-sented. The multipath phenomenon generated by the wind turbines in the vicinity of VOR stations is detailed by presenting its parameters and some associated modeling methods that exist in the literature. An overview of the VOR receivers is presented by describing the standard structure of a VOR receiver and the signal processing steps to extract the azimuth information. The analytical expressions proposed by Odunaiya and Quinet for the CVOR and DVOR systems are given and illustrated. In Chapter 2, we present our digital IQ receiver model. A time series generator along a realistic aircraft trajectory is presented. A sampling criterion is also proposed to be sure to capture all the multipath variations in space. The digital IQ receiver model is detailed by describing its components. In order to analyze the effect of multipath dynamics on the VOR receiver, an illustration test is given by comparing the receiver model response with the Odunaiya expression. In Chapter 3, the behavior of our digital IQ receiver model is analyzed by comparing with a calibration receiver (R&S EVS300) from two laboratory measurements. The first one is performed in the VHF frequency band for one canonical multipath. The second one is performed using baseband IQ signals in a complex scenario. The measurements results are shown a good agreement between receivers. A CVOR and DVOR analysis are given in Chapter 4. For CVOR, we present a method to determine the validity domain of the static Odunaiya expression for computing the bearing error. For DVOR, we show that the bearing error is sensitive to the type of FM demodulator by developing and validating an alternative expression of the analytic Doppler error which is consistent with our FM demodulator. Finally, we evaluate the analysis of Bredemeyer which indicates that the effect of multipath on the reference signal must be considered in the DVOR error computation. In Chapter 5, we propose a statistical model for the bearing error with which the only parameters are the aircraft and wind turbine positions and the other parameters follow statistical distributions. This model allows to reduce the electromagnetic simulation time. Firstly, we determine the statistical distributions associated with the multipath parameters. Secondly, the statistical distribution associated with the bearing error is deduced. Finally, we perform Monte Carlo simulations to assess the parameters of the statistical distributions
Hostache, Renaud. "Analyse d’images satellitaires d’inondations pour la caractérisation tridimensionnelle de l’alea et l’aide à la modélisation hydraulique." Paris, ENGREF, 2006. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002016.
Full textThe Thesis aims at deploying methods of flood satellite image analysis beyond 2D flood area delineation in order to estimate water levels and to help hydraulic modelling. Based on Raclot (2003) works with aerial photographs, which provide ±20cm mean uncertainty, the water level estimation method uses satellite RADAR images of flood and a fine DEM. The method is composed of two steps : i) flood cartography and analysis of image hydraulic relevance for water level estimation, ii) fusion between relevant information resulting from the image with a fine Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and constraining the water levels extracted from image by concepts of coherence with respect to a hydraulic flow through a plain. It provides water level estimations with a ±38cm mean uncertainty for a RADARSAT-1 image of a Mosel Flood (1997, France). In addition, validation works with an ENVISAT image of an Alzette river flood (Luxembourg, 2003) allowed us to calculate a Root Mean Square Error of 13 cm on the estimates of water levels. To help hydraulic modelling, the PhD aims at reducing equifinality thanks to satellite images of flood. To meet this aim, a "traditional" step of calibration thanks to hydrographs is completed by comparison between simulation results and flood extends or water levels extracted from images. To deals with calibration uncertainties, Monte-Carlo simulations have been used. In perspective, the results of the thesis imply great benefits for flood evolution forecasting after acquisition of flood satellite images because the use of these images as initial conditions or calibration data provide better-constrained models
Rifai, Ismail. "Modélisation physique et numérique des écoulements générés par la formation de brèche dans les digues fluviales soumises aux surverses." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1034.
Full textOvertopping of fluvial dikes (dykes or embankment levees) can promote external erosion, leading to the initiation of breaching and potentially brutal dike failure and inundation of the protected area. This can generate major human, economic, and financial losses. Flood risk management and prevention require precise hazard quantification. Accurate estimate of the flow through the breach is paramount, for which a precise understanding of the breach formation and expansion is required. Existing methods are often the result of investigations conducted on overtopping of frontal dikes (embankment dams). The application of such approaches to fluvial dikes is not reliable and processes underpinning breach expansion are still under research. An innovative experimental program was conducted to fill this gap by investigating the physical processes involved in overtopping induced fluvial dike gradual breaching. Experiments were conducted in the framework of collaboration between the National Laboratory for Hydraulics and Environment (LNHE) of the R&D division of EDF and the research team Hydraulics in Environmental and Civil Engineering (HECE) of University of Liège. Experiments were conducted on two distinct experimental setups, each consisting of a main channel and floodplain area separated by an erodible fluvial dike. The focus was made on overtopping induced spatial erosion of homogenous, non-cohesive dikes. Measurements included continuous scanning of the dike geometry using a non-intrusive method (Laser Profilometry Technique), which was designed and developed specifically for the present works. Tests conducted under controlled flow and dike configurations allowed assessing the effects of channel inflow discharge, downstream channel regulation system, and floodplain confinement on the breach development and outflow. Effects of main channel size, dike material size, apparent cohesion, and bottom erodibility were studied as well. Using the experimental data, the flow features near the breach area was simulated using the two-dimensional depth-averaged hydrodynamic code TELEMAC-2D, which allowed assessing the performance of the code for highly transient and complex flows such as involved in dike breaching. Coupling TELEMAC-2D with the morphodynamic model SISYPHE enabled investigating the interest of a detailed hydro-morphodynamic modeling for fluvial dike breaching studies
Maurice, Franck. "Intégration et mise en oeuvre de plans d’expériences numériques en modélisation et simulation système : étude de cas en ingénierie et dimensionnement des composants hydrauliques de puissance." Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2538.
Full textThis thesis has been achieved as part of the partnership between HYDRO LEDUC company and Roberval laboratory located at the "Université de Technologie de Compiègne". HYDRO LEDUC designs and makes hydraulic components such as piston pumps and motors, accumulators, cylinders and specific tools reserved for varied applications. A large amount of applications uses fluid power transmission. Indeed, because of its high power density, hydraulic solutions are unavoidable. Thus, this latter is present in various fields such as transport, aeronautical, machine tool, building industry and many others. Hydraulic circuits allow delivering considerable efforts. They enable a very accurate control of receptors and ensure a high life time to systems and components. Hydraulic pumps can be considered as the heart of every hydraulic systems. Their matchless high power density makes them to perform at high pressure while keeping a high efficiency level. Environment constraints, energy cost rise and global market have led manufacturers to make products more efficient while decreasing their manufacturing and development costs. Conventional design methodology relies on test/error cycles, which is a development strategy that can be expensive and time consuming. Computing power of computers have been increasing sharply over the last 20 years. In that sense, numerical simulation has become the mainstream in terms of design, research and development and physical analysis. The objective of our work is to gather, and analyse data and theoretical knowledge stem from many years of research investigations. From this point, the second goal of our work is to choose and develop a design strategy, which employs Design of Experiments method, and relying on numerical modelling and simulation applied to hydraulic components. This latter has been applied to a variable displacement axial piston pump. Hence, performing a design strategy that integrates Design of Experiments, numerical simulation and modelling for hydraulic components leads to reduce considerably the time and the cost of the design process
Lalot, Eric. "Analyse des signaux piezométriques et modélisation pour l'évaluation quantitative et la caractérisation des échanges hydrauliques entre aquifères alluviaux et rivières - Application au Rhône." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00993370.
Full textRazaaly, Nassim. "Rare Event Estimation and Robust Optimization Methods with Application to ORC Turbine Cascade." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX027.
Full textThis thesis aims to formulate innovative Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) methods in both Robust Optimization (RO) and Reliability-Based Design Optimization (RBDO) problems. The targeted application is the optimization of supersonic turbines used in Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power systems.Typical energy sources for ORC power systems feature variable heat load and turbine inlet/outlet thermodynamic conditions. The use of organic compounds with a heavy molecular weight typically leads to supersonic turbine configurations featuring supersonic flows and shocks, which grow in relevance in the aforementioned off-design conditions; these features also depend strongly on the local blade shape, which can be influenced by the geometric tolerances of the blade manufacturing. A consensus exists about the necessity to include these uncertainties in the design process, so requiring fast UQ methods and a comprehensive tool for performing shape optimization efficiently.This work is decomposed in two main parts. The first one addresses the problem of rare events estimation, proposing two original methods for failure probability (metaAL-OIS and eAK-MCS) and one for quantile computation (QeAK-MCS). The three methods rely on surrogate-based (Kriging) adaptive strategies, aiming at refining the so-called Limit-State Surface (LSS) directly, unlike Subset Simulation (SS) derived methods. Indeed, the latter consider intermediate threshold associated with intermediate LSSs to be refined. This direct refinement property is of crucial importance since it enables the adaptability of the developed methods for RBDO algorithms. Note that the proposed algorithms are not subject to restrictive assumptions on the LSS (unlike the well-known FORM/SORM), such as the number of failure modes, however need to be formulated in the Standard Space. The eAK-MCS and QeAK-MCS methods are derived from the AK-MCS method and inherit a parallel adaptive sampling based on weighed K-Means. MetaAL-OIS features a more elaborate sequential refinement strategy based on MCMC samples drawn from a quasi-optimal ISD. It additionally proposes the construction of a Gaussian mixture ISD, permitting the accurate estimation of small failure probabilities when a large number of evaluations (several millions) is tractable, as an alternative to SS. The three methods are shown to perform very well for 2D to 8D analytical examples popular in structural reliability literature, some featuring several failure modes, all subject to very small failure probability/quantile level. Accurate estimations are performed in the cases considered using a reasonable number of calls to the performance function.The second part of this work tackles original Robust Optimization (RO) methods applied to the Shape Design of a supersonic ORC Turbine cascade. A comprehensive Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) analysis accounting for operational, fluid parameters and geometric (aleatoric) uncertainties is illustrated, permitting to provide a general overview over the impact of multiple effects and constitutes a preliminary study necessary for RO. Then, several mono-objective RO formulations under a probabilistic constraint are considered in this work, including the minimization of the mean or a high quantile of the Objective Function. A critical assessment of the (Robust) Optimal designs is finally investigated
Liu, Yujie. "Contribution à la vérification et à la validation d'un modèle diphasique bifluide instationnaire." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00864567.
Full textMiyaura, Edson Haruo. "Modélisation de fatigue et de mécanique de la rupture d'une structure éolienne soumise au chargement dynamique et aléatoire du vent." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAM0005/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to demonstrate how to do theoretical analyses of fatigue and fracture mechanics in a structure for horizontal axis wind turbine. The chain of calculations required to reach this objective is particularly long for two reasons : firstly, the wind speed varies randomly with time , secondly, the vibration amplitude of the mast is amplified due to its natural frequencies of vibration. A whole chapter is dedicated to modeling the wind speed in space and time. The same chapter shows how to synthesize a random signal by employing a power spectral density function (PSD). The axial force of the rotor is the most important loading on a structure for horizontal axis wind turbine. This force has a non linear relation with the wind speed. This implies the need to determine the PSD of the axial force from its signal, by employing a spectral estimation method. The Thomson Multitaper method revealed to be the most satisfactory for this application. The PSD of displacement of the mast is determined by associating the receptance of the structural system and the PSD of the force representing all loadings. Finally, a signal of stress can be synthesized from its PSD. The fatigue cycle counting method known as rainflow is discussed and employed. The fact that the signal of stress has a variable amplitude implies the need of a more sophisticated method to simulate a crack propagation. The method chosen in this thesis is called strip-yield
Djibrilla, Saley Abdoulazizi. "Tomographie hydraulique des milieux poreux hétérogènes à partir de traçage thermique : approches expérimentales." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR102/document.
Full textThe importance of issues related to the quality of groundwater requires characterizing the operation of groundwater aquifers. Hydrogeological methods used to carry out conceptual model of an aquifer are generally based on the observation and characterization of the medium, by using boreholes and carrying out of pumping test operations. However, these methods present some limitations in characterizing the spatial variability of heterogeneous aquifers. In this thesis, we develop experimental approaches that use information from thermal or saline tracing for the characterization of hydraulic parameters in heterogeneous porous media. The choice of using experimental approaches was justified 1) by difficulties of taking into account hydraulic heterogeneities in natural porous media and 2) for a better understanding of the phenomena involved in a controlled situation. In this work, we first proposed the use of punctual thermal measurements, then measurements obtained by using thermal infrared to estimate hydraulic parameters in heterogeneous porous media. However, as thermal tracing methods are limited in low permeability areas, we improved our approach by combining it with a geophysical method (Spontaneous Potential). This method, sensitive to fluid flows and thermoelectric and electrochemical processes, has allowed us to collect interesting temporal data to monitor thermal or saline variations in the media. The measurements obtained were then used in inversion algorithms to estimate the spatial distributions of hydraulic properties. The results obtained allowed to demonstrate the effectiveness of these approaches for the characterization of heterogeneous media and consequently for the modelling of fluid flows