Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Turbines hydrauliques'
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Alnaga, Ahmed. "Conception optimale du tracé hydraulique des turbines Francis." Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPG0163.
Full textBecause of the higher number of parameters available in the choice of a new design of a turbomachinery or in the improvement of an existing machine. It is today necessary to develop techniques of design and optimization based on mathematical tools allowing the effective integration of the methods and tools developed in dimensioning and in the analysis of the internal flows. These techniques then allow the research of the best compromises leading to an optimized design. My research work enabled me to develop a technique of design and optimization of FRANCIS turbines. This technique is based on a geometry parameterization of ail the elements of the turbine (Spiral-Casing, distributor, runner and draft tube). The flow is then estimated with software of CFD and a function objective defined starting from the performances sought for the machine is evaluated starting from the calculated flow. This function objective is thus a nonlinear function of the parameters which were used for geometry parametrization. Its optimization is then possible while using, for example genetic algorithms. To make an optimization, it is necessary to automate the whole of the process thanks to data-processing scripts, to build the geometry of the turbine starting from the parameters, with a robust grid for the domain calculations, Then Calculation CFD, with the postprocessing which makes it possible to estimate the function objective, are then carried out automatically to supplement a cycle of calculation. I developed such a technique of optimization for ail the part "high pressure" of the turbine. For the runner, a "manual" technique of optimization, much faster than the automatic, was used (5 to 10 iterations to be compared with 150 to 200 calculations for the automatic method). This technique was tested successfully for two examples of turbine Francis, one at slow specific speed (nq=48), the other rapid (nq=81)
Bélanger-Vincent, Philippe. "Simulations avancées de l'écoulement turbulent dans les aspirateurs de turbines hydrauliques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27467/27467.pdf.
Full textLabassi, Kamel. "Contribution a la maitrise du dimensionnement des turbines hydrauliques "banki-mitchell"." Paris, ENSAM, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ENAM0005.
Full textLabassi, Kamel. "Contribution à la maîtrise du dimensionnement des turbines hydrauliques "Banki-Mitchell"." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37606696b.
Full textTolea, Mugur Florin. "Analyse théorique et expérimentale des nouvelles techniques de régulation des turbines hydrauliques : application à des turbines Francis." Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0174.
Full textMohamed, Amgad. "Modélisation et contrôle des turbines hydrauliques pour l'intégration des sources d'énergies renouvelabless." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT027.
Full textRecently, renewable energy resources such as, wind and solar energy, have become integral parts of electric grids as clean energy alternatives to fossil fuels. However, the quality of production of such resources of energy depends on different uncertain factors, for instance, weather conditions. Therefore, dealing with the intermittent nature of renewable energy resources is one of the main challenges when using them on a larger scale.A possible solution to reduce the effects of energy resources intermittency on energy production and grid's stability, is to use energy storage technologies. Pumped storage power plants (PSPs) seem to be the unique clean storage method that can be used to counteract the intermittent nature of wind and solar energy. PSPs make use of pumps-turbines which are capable of working as pumps to store excess electric energy in the grid, and as turbines to generate electric energy, when more electric energy is needed. Thus, PSPs help in stabilizing the grid in the presence of intermittent renewable energy resources.The emphasis in this work is on turbine start-up operating mode for PSPs. In PSPs, the start-up operating mode is usually visited multiple times, as a result of switching back and forth between pumping and turbine modes. Thus, enhancing the performance of the speed governors used for starting-up becomes more important when dealing with PSPs to enable a rapid voltage recovery.This PhD thesis is part of the multidisciplinary INNOVHYDRO project that includes different laboratories and enterprises such as, GIPSA-lab where this thesis was prepared, G2Elab, GE and EDF.In this thesis, a controller architecture that takes into account the computational limitations of existing microcontrollers in use at GE, is proposed. It provides a solution to the problem of fast turbine start-up, while avoiding the excitation of sharp pressure oscillations. In addition, torque constraints are easily integrated to achieve smoother start-up, which reduces the fatigue of the mechanical components, resulting from repetitive start-up of turbines.Different approaches are proposed to tune the controller gains, while taking into account the nonlinear dynamics of the actuator used at GE. To begin with, a tuning methodology is outlined to guarantee the asymptotic stability and the closed-loop performance, while minimizing the guaranteed upper bound on the output tracking error. In addition, a systematic optimization approach is developed to select the controller gains to minimize time needed to get a stable start-up, while respecting maximum torque constraints. Moreover, randomized algorithms are used to choose the controller parameters such that robustness certificates are obtained on the resulting controller.Furthermore, a simulator has been developed for hydraulic power plants and used to test the proposed controller. The simulator constitutes of a system of continuous differential equations, which systematically model the behavior of the different components of the hydraulic power plant such as, penstocks, tunnels, reservoirs and surge tanks. In addition, the nonlinear behavior and unstable regions 'S-characteristics' of hydraulic turbines, usually modeled by Hill charts, are successfully taken into consideration. Moreover, the actuator's nonlinear dynamics are included in the overall mathematical model
Kenyery, Frank. "Etude théorique et expérimentale des turbines hydrauliques axiales de grande puissance spécifique." Paris, ENSAM, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ENAM0027.
Full textBelhaj, Tarik. "Contribution à la conception des petites turbines hydrauliques : colline d'essais, avant-projet et tracé de roue." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10197.
Full textTonot, Yohan. "Amélioration de l'écoulement dans un banc d'essai de turbine hydraulique à l'aide de la CFD." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66693.
Full textThe objetive of this project is to improve the uniformity of the inlet flow of a turbine within the test bench of the Laboratory of Hydraulic Machines, LAMH, of Université Laval. For this purpose, a numerical approach has been employed. Several numerical simulations have been carried out on the software "ANSYS CFX" and compared with one another, after validation of the simulation conditions and assumptions. A simulation using the URANS (Unsteady Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes) approach with a turbulence model k-e was first used to analyze the flow behavior in the original test bench installed in the laboratory. The validation of the model is based on a previous project giving the experimental flow behavior at certain locations in the test bench upstream a bulb turbine. The simulation showed that a major change in the configuration upstream of the turbine in the test bench would be beneficial on the effect it has on the flow. Other simulations using the RANS (Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes) approach compared several technological solutions for application in the modified test bench, which, according to the literature, would be beneficial for flow stability. The analysis of various flow characteristics higlighted two potential solutions in this situation : the installation of a curved pipe with two guided vanes upstream of the test section, or the installation of a flow stabilizer plate in a straight pipe to replace the upstream tank, upstream the turbine. This second solution is the one the LAMH put to use for its next project : Tr-Francis.
Neuhauser, Magdalena. "Development of a coupled SPH-ALE/Finite Volume method for the simulation of transient flows in hydraulic machines." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECDL0045/document.
Full textThe increased use of intermittent forms of renewable energy like wind and solar energy produces fluctuations in the electric grid that have to be compensated. For this reason, hydraulic machines like turbines and pumps are more often operated under non-conventional operating conditions and are submitted to frequent starts and stops. This type of operating conditions has important consequences on the life cycle of the machines. It is thus of paramount importance that transient flows at off-design conditions are properly taken into account in the design phase and numerical simulation is an appropriate way to do so. The present study aims at developing a flexible coupling method of the meshbased Finite Volume Method (FVM) and the meshless Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics - Arbitrary Lagrange Euler (SPH-ALE) method, which can be used as a tool for the investigation of transient phenomena in hydraulic machines. SPH-ALE is very well adapted for the simulation of highly dynamic flows with moving geometries but has difficulties to correctly represent rapidly changing gradients of the field variables. Particle refinement is difficult to implement, especially if particles are refined in an anisotropic way. FV methods are well established in CFD because of their accuracy and stability. However, they can be tedious for simulations with moving geometries and often necessitate an interface between moving and static parts of the mesh which introduces additional errors. To overcome the shortcomings of both methods, a coupling method is developed that uses a decomposition of the computational domain into regions where the physical field variables are computed by the FV method, regions where they are computed by SPH-ALE and overlapping regions where the information is transferred from the FV domain to the SPH domain and vice versa. In the overlapping regions FV calculation points are used as neighbors for the SPH integration in space. At the boundaries of the FV mesh, velocity and pressure are interpolated from the SPH particles by means of scattered data interpolation techniques, similarly to Chimera methods for overlapping grids. For this study, an existing SPH-ALE software of the ANDRITZ Group is used. A weakly compressible FV solver is implemented into this software that discretizes the same form of the Navier-Stokes equations than the SPH-ALE solver. Similar to the present SPH-ALE method, Riemann solvers with reconstructed states, obtained by a MUSCL scheme, are employed. Moreover, adaptations and improvements of the SPH-ALE solver itself are made, which are important for the coupling and for the simulation of internal flows in general. Thus, subsonic inlet and outlet conditions are implemented. Furthermore, a correction method of the kernel gradient is presented that ensures zeroth order consistency of the SPH-ALE approximation of the divergence of the convective fluxes. The correction improves greatly the SPH pressure field on non-uniform particle distributions. The implemented coupled method is successfully validated by means of inviscid academic one-dimensional and two-dimensional testcases like a shock tube case, Taylor-Green vortices and the flow around a symmetric NACA airfoil with particles in Eulerian description. Furthermore, the coupling provides a possibility to implement outlet boundary conditions to Lagrangian moving SPH particles. It is then applied to the simulation of transient flows in rotor stator systems in 2D with moving particles
Guénette, Vincent. "Prédiction numérique de l'écoulement turbulent au sein d'une turbine bulbe par des simulations " rans "." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30123/30123.pdf.
Full textHelali, Assia. "Optimisation d'une turbine de type Kaplan." Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPG0078.
Full textConfronted with the problem of optimization in turbo-machinery, the principal concern and requirement of industrial designers is to possess fast, reliable and accurate design methods. The present research work joins in this context. Indeed, we have developed a complete method of design and optimization of the geometries of the guide vane and rotor of Kaplan turbine. For this purpose, we have used sorne numerical codes for the flow analysis as weil as an optimization tool. The first step of this work consists in studying the three-dimensional flow behavior using CFD software of Numeca group. Ln the second step, we proceeded to the optimization of the geometry of the guide vane and the rotor using the EASY software which is based on the evolutionary algorithms
Payette, Félix-Antoine. "Simulation de l'écoulement turbulent dans les aspirateurs de turbines hydrauliques : impact des paramètres de modélisation." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25433/25433.pdf.
Full textCostes, Jean. "Structure des écoulements générés par une turbine de Rushton dans une cuve chicanée." Toulouse, INPT, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986INPT012G.
Full textHoude, Sébastien. "Analysis of the part-load and speed-no-load flow dynamics in a model propeller hydraulic turbine." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29823.
Full textHydraulic turbines have become an important asset to provide power regulation on electrical grids. However, power-regulation scenarios require turbines to operate far from their best eciency conditions, in regions where large pressure uctuations aect the turbine structural integrity. This is particularly acute for xed blade reaction turbines such as propeller units. This thesis presents contributions to the study of the hydrodynamics of the ow in a model propeller turbine operating in part-load and speed-no-load conditions. In part load, the main pressure uctuations are associated with the part-load vortex. Data from Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), coupled to Laser Induced Fluorescence and shadowgraphy techniques, were used to reconstruct the water-vapour interface and to identify the origin of uctuations aecting the precision of the phase-averaged PIV measurements. Furthermore, miniature pressure transducers imbedded in two runner blades and strain gages at the blade roots provided data to quantify the impact of the part load vortex on the runner. This thesis also presents one of the rst detailed studies on transient and no-load conditions in a model hydro-turbine. Pressure and strain sensors were used to identify the dominant ow instabilities in speed-no-load and runaway conditions. Scale Adaptive Simulations (SAS) of the speed-no-load condition were used to study a rotating stall dominating the runner ow. Simulations without runner blades indicate that the rotating stall is associated with an unstable shear-layer originating from a recirculation around the runner hub and a boundary layer separation on the turbine head cover. Those results open the possibility of eventually developing mitigation techniques.
Lussier, Annie. "Vibrations libres d'une structure élastique dans un fluide lourd." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1998.
Find full textKatond, Mbay Jean-Paul. "Modélisation, développement et essais des turbines hydrauliques à utiliser sur des chutes d'eau typiques des rivières de la R.D. Congo." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209553.
Full textEn second lieu, vient la configuration de la vis inclinée de α = 30° et dont l’hélice est orientée de β = 45° sur le moyeu (p45H30). Ces deux configurations ont respectivement un rendement à débit nominal de 89 et 86 %./D.R. Congo has an electricity service rate that ranks as the lowest in the world (less than 1% in rural areas) despite its large hydroelectric potential estimated at 100,000 MW. To increase the rate of access to electricity by constructing small hydropower plant, it is imperative to use simple technology, reliable, robust and inexpensive. The Archimedean screw turbine appears to be an appropriate solution to these requirements. We have designed and manufactured locally (in Lubumbashi) a test bench for Archimedean’s screw turbines having two blades only and a large pitch p function of β ( β = 30 ° and β = 45 °, β being the orientation angle of the blade on the screw cylinder). The goal is to simplify manufacturing and reduce the amount of steel used for the screw relative to the screws used in Europe or in USA. The test bench has allowed the experiments with six configurations combining the slope of the screw (α = 22.5 °, 30 ° and 37.5 °) and the pitch p (with varying rotation speed). The optimal combination appeared to be the configuration of the screw inclined at α = 22.5 ° relative to the horizon and with an helix β = 45 ° on the cylinder of the screw. The second best configuration has an inclined screw α = 30 ° and the helix which is oriented β = 45 °. These two configurations each have a global efficiency of 89% and 86%, respectively.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Boden, Wiebke. "Prediction of erosion damages in hydraulic machines for hydro-abrasive erosion." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEC034/document.
Full textHydraulic energy represents one important contribution to the growing source of renewable energies where the kinetic energy of water is transformed into electric energy. The water flowing through the hydraulic turbines always contains a solid part, for example sand and clay. Those sediments can reach high concentrations, harming importantly the turbine structure by a mechanism called hydro-abrasive erosion. Turbine types implying very high flow velocities, like Pelton turbines, are in particular sensitive to hydro-abrasive erosion. Numerical simulations present an efficient way to study the topic of hydro-abrasive erosion in Pelton turbines as they allow the variation of numerous parameters. Thus an immediate response to operational, design or optimization questions can be obtained. However it has been shown that the application of general, widely used erosion models do not deliver physical correct results due to the particular material and flow properties of Pelton turbines. Consequently this work investigates the potential of erosion modeling based on first principals. That means the sediment movement in the fluid is simulated, their state at impact tracked and then the overall macroscopic material damage calculated based on microscale structural simulations. A convenient formulation for fluid simulations in Pelton turbines is the rather novel, meshless method Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH). Therefore the first part of this work addresses the implementation and evaluation of a Lagrangian sediment transport model in the framework of this method where sediments are transported by a particle equation of motion. The effect of the SPH method inherent noise on the sediment movement is evaluated against the effect of the turbulent dispersion of the sediments, which has been introduced via an ad-hoc model based on the Langevin equation. Furthermore the different force terms in the particle equation of motion are investigated with respect to the SPH method. A second part develops an efficient and general applicable approach to obtain the overall erosion damage without adopting erosion models. Therefore the damage caused by a single sediment impact is calculated by structural simulations on the microscale in a first step. In a second step that isolated damage is combined with impact statistics from the fluid simulations and hence gives the overall damage profile on the macroscale
Boudreau, Matthieu. "Optimizing the power-generation performance of flapping-foil turbines while simplifying their mechanical design with the use of elastic supports." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34484.
Full textDue to the complexity of the mechanisms typically required when designing a flapping-foil turbine to prescribe specific heave and pitch motions, this thesis investigates the possibility of benefiting from unconstrained motions. In practice, this means that the foil is attached to the turbine structure with independent elastic supports in heave and in pitch, which consist in springs and dampers. Consequently, only an indirect control over the foil motions is possible through an adequate adjustment of the structural parameters affecting the foil dynamics, namely the inertial, damping and stiffness characteristics of the elastically-supported foil. Such motions are referred to as passive motions. As a first step, a turbine prototype with passive heave and pitch motions, thus being fully-passive, has been designed and tested in a water channel. This first phase of the present research work has confirmed the feasibility and the potential of this concept to extract a significant amount of energy from a fluid flow. However, the maximum efficiency that has been obtained is smaller than what can be achieved when prescribing specific foil motions. Following these experiments, a solid solver has been implemented and coupled with a Navier-Stokes fluid solver. Numerical simulations have been carried out to analyze the dynamics of both degrees of freedom in more details. Instead of immediately pursuing our study of the fully-passive flappingfoil turbine, a semi-passive concept, with a passive pitch motion and a prescribed heave motion, has been considered. Efficiencies of the order of 45% have been achieved, hence competing with the best performance reported in the literature for flapping-foil turbines with prescribed motions. In addition to revealing the great potential of this semi-passive turbine concept, this study has allowed us to focus on some specific aspects of the dynamics of passive pitch motions. This more detailed analysis of the physics at play has been facilitated by the reduced number of structural parameters affecting the foil dynamics compared to a turbine for which the foil is also elastically-supported in heave. One of the main findings is that the center of mass must be positioned downstream of the pitch axis in order to generate a net transfer of energy from the heave motion to the pitch motion via the inertial coupling between the two degrees of freedom. This energy transfer is crucial because optimal pitch motions require energy on average to be sustained. Moreover, a parameter combining the effects of the moment of inertia of the foil about the pitch axis and the pitch stiffness has been proposed. This parameter effectively characterizes the pitch dynamics of the semi-passive turbine. It also allows properly scaling the pitch stiffness when different moments of inertia are considered with the objective of maintaining an optimal turbine performance. Having improved our knowledge about the dynamics of passive pitch motions, the fully-passive flapping-foil turbine concept has been revisited. The best efficiencies obtained with the semi-passive concept have been matched, and even exceeded since an efficiency of 53.8% has been reached. The results have also demonstrated that an optimal performance can be maintained over large ranges of values regarding the heaving mass and the moment of inertia when the heave and pitch stiffness coefficients are adjusted adequately.
Lemay, Sébastien. "Étude expérimentale de l'écoulement dans le canal inter-aube d'une turbine de type bulbe." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25156.
Full textCe mémoire présente l'étude expérimentale de l'écoulement dans le canal inter-aube d’une roue de turbine de type bulbe. Pour ce faire, deux campagnes de mesures ont été réalisées. La première a fait usage de l’anémométrie laser à effet Doppler (LDV). La seconde campagne a fait appel à l’anémométrie par image de particules (PIV) et à un montage stéréoscopique endoscopique conçu sur mesure pour atteindre la région ciblée. Les données recueillies permettent de caractériser plusieurs phénomènes. L’importance du sillage des directrices entre les aubes de la roue est mise en évidence par les deux techniques de mesure. La campagne de mesure par LDV permet plus spécifiquement de cibler les tourbillons de jeu de bout d’aube et d’identifier des débalancements fixe et rotatif. En complément, les mesures par PIV révèlent la présence d’un tourbillon qui provient du bord d’attaque près du moyeu lorsque la turbine opère à charge partielle.
This work presents the experimental study of the flow in the inter-blade channel of the runner of a bulb turbine. To do so, two measurement campaigns were carried out. The first used laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV). The second campaign used particle image velocimetry (PIV) and a custom designed stereoscopic endoscopic setup allowed reaching this otherwise difficult to access measurement plane. A comparison of the two sets of data collected indicates a good match over the entire area on which they overlap. The gathered data allows characterising many phenomena. The importance of the guide vanes wake on the runner flow is highlighted by both measurement techniques. The LDV measurement campaign allows characterizing the blade tip vortices and identifying fixed and rotary flow imbalances. In addition, the PIV measurements reveal the presence of a vortex that originates from the leading edge near the hub when the turbine operates at partial load.
Longchamp, Quentin. "Analyse expérimentale et numérique de l'écoulement dans le canal d'entrée d'un modèle de turbine bulbe." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30591/30591.pdf.
Full textThis work is part of the research activities of the Hydraulic Machines Laboratory of the Laval University and its objective is to contribute to the characterisation of the intake flow in a model of a bulb turbine. The representation of the mean velocity fields and the turbulent fluctuations under predefined operating conditions were obtained by the use of a LDV measurement system. Mass-flow imbalance and vortices in the intake channel were identified. The conception of an obstacle geometry causing a non-uniformity in the intake channel has been developed taking in consideration the predictions of numerical simulation. Numerical simulations of the complete machine for both steady and unsteady case were performed with and without obstacle in the intake channel. The objective of this process was to evaluate the influence of the intake flow condition on the turbine performances. Moreover, comparisons between experimental and numerical quantities were made.
Tyrode, Victor, and Victor Tyrode. "Analyse modale d'une structure submergée à partir de jauges de déformation." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38106.
Full textCe mémoire de maîtrise présente une étude préliminaire pour comprendre comment réaliser l'analyse modale d'une turbine hydraulique de type Francis. Au cours du projet Tr-Francis, il est prévue de réaliser des mesures de déformations et de réaliser une analyse modale à l'aide de jauges de déformation collées sur la turbine lors de son fonctionnement. Pour ce faire, il est nécessaire de comprendre comment installer les jauges de dé- formation sur la turbine. Tout d'abord, des expérimentations ont été réalisées afin de comprendre les raisons pour lesquelles les jauges de déformation ne fonctionnent pas sous l'eau. Différentes technologies de jauges de déformation et différents produits de protections ont également été testés. Il est également nécessaire de comprendre comment réaliser une analyse modale à partir de mesures de jauges de déformation. Sumali à développée une nouvelle méthode d'analyse modale par mesure de déformation sur une poutre. A travers ce mémoire, cette méthode est étendue pour réaliser l'analyse modale d'un anneau. La méthode est tout d'abord prouvée mathématiquement puis à l'aide d'une simulation numérique. Finalement, en excitant un anneau instrumenté de jauges de déformations avec un marteau d'impact puis avec un piézo-actionneur, la fonctionnalité de la méthode est prouvée.
This Master's thesis presents a preliminary study to understand how to perform the modal analysis of a Francis hydraulic turbine. During the Tr-Francis project, it is planned to carry out deformation measurements and perform a modal analysis using strain gauges bonded to the turbine during its operation. It is then necessary to understand how to install the strain gauges on the runner. Experiments were conducted to understand why the strain gauges have a limited lifetime underwater. Different strain gauge technologies and different protection products have also been tested. It is also necessary to understand how to perform a modal analysis from strain gauge measurements. Sumali has developed a method to perform modal analysis using deformation measurement on a beam. Through this thesis, this method is extended to perform the modal analysis of a ring. The method is first developped and then validated using numerical simulations. The method is first proven mathematically and then using a numerical simulation. Finally, by exciting an instrumented ring of strain gauges with an impact hammer and then with a piezo-actuator, the functionality of the method is proven.
This Master's thesis presents a preliminary study to understand how to perform the modal analysis of a Francis hydraulic turbine. During the Tr-Francis project, it is planned to carry out deformation measurements and perform a modal analysis using strain gauges bonded to the turbine during its operation. It is then necessary to understand how to install the strain gauges on the runner. Experiments were conducted to understand why the strain gauges have a limited lifetime underwater. Different strain gauge technologies and different protection products have also been tested. It is also necessary to understand how to perform a modal analysis from strain gauge measurements. Sumali has developed a method to perform modal analysis using deformation measurement on a beam. Through this thesis, this method is extended to perform the modal analysis of a ring. The method is first developped and then validated using numerical simulations. The method is first proven mathematically and then using a numerical simulation. Finally, by exciting an instrumented ring of strain gauges with an impact hammer and then with a piezo-actuator, the functionality of the method is proven.
Beaubien, Carl-Anthony. "Simulations numériques de l'écoulement turbulent dans un aspirateur de turbine hydraulique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29942/29942.pdf.
Full textThe work carried throughout this thesis has for objective to enhance losses predictions in hydraulic turbines draft tube. In order to acheive this, the flow in a draft tube charaterized by a sharp drop in the pressure recovery coefficient near the best efficiency point was studied. Detached Eddy Simulation (DES), an advanced turbulence modeling approach, was put to the test, in order to asses the gain attributable to a finer and more precise description of turbulent motions in this component. The numerical methods required associated to this approach, especially regarding the inlet boundary condition, were investigated. It was shown that the radial velocity profile specified at the inlet of the computational domain alters significantly the flow downstream and the predicted performance. With the measured radial velocity profile specified at the inlet of the draft tube, reasonnable agreement was found between URANS numerical results and experimental measurements of pressure recovery. However, some aspects of the numerical simulations does not agree well with experimental data. It is the case for flow imbalance between the two outlet bays. It was established that rotating flow structures underneath the runner blades require extremely fine grid and time step resolution to avoid their premature diffusion underneath the inlet plane. Nevertheless, at the studied operating point, their influence on draft tube performance was found to be very limited. DES and URANS simulations of the draft tube where axisymmetric inlet boundary conditions were imposed predicted similar pressure recovery. However, DES enables to simulate much more complex and rich turbulent motions, at a computational cost similar to the one of a URANS simulatation and with much less influence from the modeled turbulent quantities specified at the inlet plane.
Heschung, Marine. "Investigation sur le débalancement de l'écoulement observé expérimentalement sous la roue d'une turbine Francis." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27855.
Full textCe mémoire vise à contribuer à l'amélioration de la prédiction numérique des performances d'une turbine hydraulique par la quantification de l'impact de certains paramètres d'influence, autant physiques que méthodologiques. Pour ce faire, l'écoulement dans une turbine caractérisée par une chute de rendement près du meilleur point de fonctionnement a été étudié. Cette dernière est associée à une baisse abrupte du coefficient de récupération de l'aspirateur, une composante connue pour jouer un rôle capital dans les performances globales de la machine. L'accent a particulièrement été mis sur l'étude du débalancement de l'écoulement sous la roue, observé à la suite d'une campagne de mesure expérimentale effectuée sur le banc d'essai du CREMHyG à Grenoble. En effet, l'écoulement en sortie de roue est souvent considéré axisymétrique dans les simulations numériques, une simplification qui est en désaccord avec les données expérimentales du cas étudié dans ce projet de recherche. Afin d'identifier la nature du débalancement, une analyse critique a été menée sur les données expérimentales. Toutefois, aucune conclusion satisfaisante n'a pu être tirée puisqu'une inconsistance entre les données obtenues par LDV et celles obtenues par PIV a été décelée. Considéré statique, il a été démontré que la présence d'un tel débalancement à l'entrée de l'aspirateur altère considérablement la topologie de l'écoulement en aval ainsi que la prédiction des performances. De plus, certains aspects des simulations obtenus avec ce type de débalancement ne concordent pas avec les observations expérimentales, c'est notamment le cas pour la zone d'amorçage du décollement mais aussi pour l'écart de débit entre les deux pertuis. Il a également été montré que les simulations des composantes fixes en amont de l'aspirateur, incluant une importante partie de la conduite d'amenée, ne permettent pas de retrouver l'asymétrie de l'écoulement observée expérimentalement en sortie de roue. En effet, l'écoulement secondaire, associé à la présence d'une conduite coudée en amont de la bâche spirale, s'est avéré avoir très peu d'influence sur la distribution de l'écoulement dans l'avant-distributeur et dans le distributeur. La conduite menant jusqu'à l'entrée de la bâche spirale semble être assez longue pour que les modifications apportées au profil de vitesse deviennent insuffisantes pour perturber l'écoulement à cet endroit.
This master degree thesis aims at enhancing the numerical prediction of the performance of a hydraulic turbine by quantifying the impact of physical and methodological influencing parameters. To this end, the flow in a turbine characterised by an efficiency drop near the best efficiency point was studied. The latter is associated with a sharp drop in the recovery coefficient of the draft tube, a component known to play a key role in the global performance of the machine. Particular emphasis was placed on the study of the imbalance of the flow at the runner exit, observed following an experimental measurement campaign carried out on the CREMHyG test bench in Grenoble. Indeed, the flow at the runner exit is often considered axisymetric in numerical simulations, a simplification that is not consistent with the experimental data of the case studied in this research project. In order to identify the nature of the imbalance, a critical analysis was conducted on the experimental data. However, no satisfactory conclusion could be drawn since inconsistency between the data obtained by LDV and those obtained by PIV was identified. Considered static, it has been shown that the presence of such an imbalance at the inlet of the draft tube alters considerably the topology of the downstream flow as well as the prediction of the performances. Moreover, some aspects of the simulations obtained with this type of imbalance do not agree with the experimental observations, it is notably the case for the initiation zone of the flow detachment but also for the flow rate imbalance between the two draft tube channels. It has also been shown that the numerical simulations of fixed components upstream of the draft tube, including a large part of the penstock, do not allow to recover the asymmetry of the flow experimentally observed at the exit of the runner. Indeed, the secondary flow, associated with the presence of a bend upstream of the spiral case, proved to have a very little influence on the distribution of the flow in the distributor. The pipe leading to the entrance of the spiral case appears to be long enough for changes made in the velocity profile to become insufficient to disrupt the flow at this place.
Côté, Philippe. "Investigation of the self-excited vibrations in a Francis runner in transient conditions of load rejection." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26350.
Full textLes travaux réalisés dans le cadre de ce mémoire de maîtrise visent à décrire la source hydraulique de vibrations mesurées lors de la mise en service d’une roue Francis. Lors de l’essai de rejet de charge à partir de la puissance maximale, il a été relevé que la roue subissait des vibrations autoexcitées à l’une de ses fréquences naturelles. L’objectif de ces travaux est d’identifier le phénomène hydraulique causant l’entrée en vibrations auto-excitées de la roue submergée. Puisque la cavitation semble jouer un rôle dans cette problématique, les capacités du solveur fluide ANSYS CFX à simuler de la cavitation instationnaire ont été évaluées. De ce fait, deux géométries ayant été étudiées expérimentalement ont été simulées. Cette étude a permis de conclure que l’approche homogène, plus stable et couramment utilisée dans la littérature, ne permet pas de reproduire de façon fiable les fluctuations de pression causées par l’instationarité des cavités de vapeur. Il a cependant été montré que les simulations permettent de prédire la forme, la localisation ainsi que les mécanismes entraînant la présence de vapeur dans l’écoulement. De plus, il a été demontré que la cavitation est un phénomène particulièrement sensible et sujet à répondre en phase à une excitation oscillatoire, par exemple la vibration de la roue. Les simulations numériques réalisées durant différentes phases du rejet de charge transitoire ont entre autres permis d’identifier que lorsque les vibrations apparaissent, une forte région de vapeur se crée au bord de fuite de l’aubage, près du plafond. En augmentant le temps de fermeture du distributeur, le partenaire industriel a réussis à éliminer les vibrations problématiques. En réalisant des simulations avec différents temps de fermeture, il a été démontré que la solution proposée permet d’augmenter le niveau de pression dans le canal inter-aubes, réduisant ainsi la quantité de vapeur s’y trouvant. Cela laisse suggérer que la cause d’entrée en vibrations de la roue est la cavitation se formant durant le rejet de charge. Cependant, il est à noter que les différentes méthodologies proposées n’ont pas permis d’obtenir les fréquences d’excitation mesurées expérimentalement, essentiellement à cause de limitations liées à la modélisation de la cavitation.
The work presented in this master degree thesis aims to identify the hydraulic cause of mechanical vibrations measured during the commissioning of a Francis runner. During the test of load rejection from maximal power output regime, it was noticed that the runner entered a state of self-excited vibrations at one of its natural frequencies. The purposes of this work is to investigate the hydraulic phenomenon which causes the submerged runner to enter self-excited vibrations. Since cavitation is expected to play a role in this problematics, there was a need to evaluate the capabilities of the fluid solver ANSYS CFX to solve unsteady cavitating flows. Two geometries which had been investigated experimentally were thus simulated. It was concluded that the homogeneous approach, more robust and widely used in the literature, does not lead to a reliable prediction of the pressure fluctuations caused by cavitation. It was however shown that the simulations allowed to predict the shape, the location as well as the physical mechanisms responsible for the presence of vapor in the flow. It was also demonstrated that cavitation is a phenomenon particularly sensitive and subject to respond in phase to oscillatory perturbations, for instance the vibrating runner. The numerical simulations carried out at different phases of the load rejection transient have established that when the vibrations appear, a wide region of vapor forms at the trailing edge of the blade, near the crown. By increasing the distributor closing time, the industrial partner in this work had success in eliminating such problematic vibrations. In our case, when performing simulations with increased closing times, it was demonstrated that the solution proposed allows to increase the pressure level in the inter-blade channel, lowering the quantity of vapor it contains. This strongly suggests that the hydraulic cause of the vibrations is the cavitation forming during the load rejection. However, one can note that the proposed methodologies have not permitted to predict the excitation frequencies as measured experimentally, essentially due to limitations in the modeling of cavitation.
Pereira, Pabon Jadid Mauricio. "L'étude expérimentale du décollement à la sortie du diffuseur d'une turbine hydraulique de type bulbe." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28261.
Full textThis project presents the experimental study of the flow at the diffuser outlet of a bulb turbine. Measurements by laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) were performed on three experimentals setups located above and on two sides of the diffuser to obtain the three velocity components. An important drop in turbine performances has been measured in a bulb turbine model operated at overload. Previous investigations have correlated the performance drop with diffuser losses, and particularly to the flow separation zone at the diffuser wall. In the present study, the flow has been investigated at the exit of the turbine, which is a diffuser section that transforms from a circular to a rectangular section. The turbine has been operated at five operating points, which are representative of different flow patterns at the diffuser exit. In addition to the average velocity field, the analysis has been conducted based on a backflow occurrence function and on the vorticity level. Results reveal a counter-rotating zone in the diffuser, which intensifies with the guide vanes opening. The guide vanes opening induces a modification of the flow phenomena: from a central backflow recirculation zone at the lowest flowrate to a backflow zone induced by flow separation at the wall at the highest flowrate.
Brugière, Olivier. "Fiabilité et évaluation des incertitudes pour la simulation numérique de la turbulence : application aux machines hydrauliques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GRENI002/document.
Full textThe reliable numerical simulation of hydraulic turbines performance requires : i) to includeinto the conventional RANS computations the effect of the uncertainties existing in practiceon the inflow conditions; ii) to rely on a LES (Large Eddy Simulation) strategy to improve thedescription of turbulence effects when discrepancies between RANS computations and experimentskeep arising even though uncertainties are taken into account. The present workapplies a non-intrusive Uncertainty Quantification strategy (NISP for Non-Intrusive SpectralProjection) to two configurations of practical interest : a Francis turbine distributor, with uncertaininlet flow rate and angle, and a draft-tube of a bulb-type turbine with uncertain inflowconditions (velocity distributions, in particular close to the wall boundaries, and turbulentquantities). The NISP method is not only used to compute the mean value and variance ofquantities of interest, it is also applied to perform an analysis of the variance and identify inthis way the most influential uncertainties. The RANS simulations, verified through a gridconvergence approach, are such the discrepancies between computation and experimentcannot be explained by taking into account the inflow uncertainties for most of the configurationsunder study. Therefore, LES simulations are also performed and these simulations areverified using an original methodology for assessing the quality of the computational grids(since the grid-convergence concept is not relevant for LES). For most of the flows understudy, combining a SGE strategy with a UQ approach yields reliable numerical results. Takinginto account inflow uncertainties also allows to propose a robust optimization strategy forthe Francis turbine distributor under study
Dos, Santos Sena Manoel José. "Etude du comportement dynamique des roues de turbines et pompes hydrauliques pour la conception mécanique optimisée : cas d'une roue Francis." Grenoble INPG, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPG0030.
Full textVuillemard, Julien. "Étude expérimentale de l'écoulement en entrée d'aspirateur d'une turbine bulbe." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26794.
Full textThis thesis presents the experimental study of the draft tube inflow of a bulb turbine with a steep drop in performance. Measurements by laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) were performed on two axes: downstream of the blades of the wheel and downstream of the wheel hub. A feature of this study is the design of a setup that allows the measurement of the axial velocity near the wall of the cone. In addition, a method of estimating the average radial velocity was developed. These measurements were used to characterize the primary flow and the secondary flows and analyze their evolution between the two axes. Moreover, the evolution of these flows is analyzed according to the turbine performance drop. The main features of the flow are the presence of recirculation downstream of the hub, a counter-rotating area, the guide vane wakes and of the blade tip vortices.
Fortin, Mélissa. "Étude numérique des phénomènes transitoires dans une turbine axiale de type hélice durant l'emballement." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26780.
Full textThis work presents a numerical study of a runaway event (from the load rejection at BEP to 95% of the runaway speed) for a model propeller turbine. To do so, a numerical methodology, based on the “Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes” approach with k-ε turbulence model, is developed with the commercial CFD solver ANSYS CFX. This methodology is validated with pressure measurements on the runner blades of a propeller model turbine during a runaway event at the Hydraulic Machines Laboratory of Laval University. Comparisons between experimental pressure measurements and numerical pressure simulations in time domain and frequency domain are mainly used to validate the numerical methodology. The transient frequency analysis are performed with Wavelet to represent the time evolution of the frequency spectrum. Qualitative analysis of the hydraulic phenomena developed during the transient event are also carried out. Numerical analysis showed the development and the evolution of a vortex rope in the draft tube associated with high pressure fluctuations. Comparisons between experimental and numerical data revealed the limits of the methodology that will need adjustments for future works.
Gouin, Philippe. "Analyse expérimentale en entrée et en sortie de l'aspirateur d'une turbine hydraulique de basse chute." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27978/27978.pdf.
Full textTaheri, Arash. "Detached eddy simulation of unsteady turbulent flows in the draft tube of a bulb turbine." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27061.
Full textDraft tubes play a crucial role in elevating the available energy extraction of hydroturbines. In this project, turbulent flows in the draft tube of a low-head bulb turbine were simulated using, among others, an advance hybrid LES/RANS turbulent model, called DDES, which can resolve portions of the turbulent spectrum. Providing appropriate inflow boundary conditions for such models is a challenging issue. In this regard, different inflow boundary conditions were tested, including axisymmetric 1D profiles, and unsteady 2D inflow profiles that take runner blade wakes and vortices into account. Artificial fluctuation at the inlet section of the draft tube was also included to mimic the turbulence existing after the runner. Simulations were conducted for two draft tube configurations of the BulbT project. For one of them, intensive comparisons with experimental data were done for two operating conditions, one at part load and another in the sharp drop-off portion of the efficiency hill after the best efficiency point. This allowed to assess the effectiveness and shortcomings of the adopted turbulence modeling and boundary conditions through their effects on the global and local quantities. The results showed that the runner-related vortical structures and wakes are appropriately resolved using stand-alone DDES simulation of the draft tube flows. This is achieved by applying unsteady 2D inflow profiles along with adopting low dissipation scheme for the convective term. Furthermore, the effects of applying artificial turbulence at inlet were explored using separation intermittency, two-point correlation, energy spectrum and Lagrangian coherent structure concepts. These analyses revealed that the type of inflow boundary conditions modifies the details of the flow and separation dynamics as well as patterns of the transport barriers in different regions of the draft tube. However, the global quantities such as recovery coefficient are not influenced by these local features.
Duquesne, Pierre. "Investigation expérimentale du décollement dans l'aspirateur d'une turbine bulbe." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27058.
Full textThis thesis presents an experimental investigation of flow separation inside the diffuser of a small scale model of a bulb turbine. The flow separation occurs when the turbine is operated at high discharge and it reduces the diffuser effective area. In the case of bulb turbines, the kinetic energy recovered by the diffuser represents an important part of the total net head available for the runner energy extraction. The decrease of the diffuser efficiency leads to a sudden drop in the turbine efficiency and in the power extraction. The small scale model is faithful to modern turbines with a particularly divergent diffuser. The turbine performances are measured in a large range of operating conditions in order to select the most interesting ones and to investigate the parametric range of the phenomena. The pressure is measured along the diffuser by flush mounted dynamic sensors while the velocity fields inside the separation zone are obtained by a two-component PIV method. Separation observations on the wall are done using tufts. For a sufficient flow rate, the adverse pressure gradient induced by the diffuser geometry sufficiently weakens the boundary layer, thus leading to fluid ejection from the wall along a large three-dimensional envelope. The three-dimensional unsteady flow separation zone is located in the same area independently of the operating points. The flow rate increase leads to a wider separation zone occurring more frequently. The separation front fluctuates significantly both in location and in shape with no periodicity. Topological and vortex analyses on instantaneous velocity fields show a complex separation front topology which differs greatly from one realisation to another. Despite the highly turbulent flow, the separation front vortices are definitely bigger and more intense than turbulent vortices. It suggests that the roll-up mechanisms leading to separation surface vortices appear to be distinct from those of turbulent vortices.
Moureh, Jean. "Approche numérique tridimentionnelle de l'agitation mécanique en régime turbulent." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT049G.
Full textLugand, Thomas. "Contribution to the Modeling and Optimization of the Double-Fed Induction Machine for Pumped-Storage Hydro Power Plant Applications." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENT118.
Full textPumped-storage hydro power plants have been mainly working with fixed-speed synchronous motor-generators. However, using variable-speed machines and more particularly, Double-Fed Induction Machines (DFIM) brings many benefits: control of the power in pump mode, operation at the best efficiency point in turbine mode, higher stability in case of a perturbation. This work improves the knowledge of the electromagnetic behavior of the DFIM and proposes an optimization process of its design. The first part develops an analytical model standing mainly on the boundary element method and validates it using finite element simulations. This model makes it possible to consider several phenomena such as the magnetic circuit saturation, the harmonics generated by the stator and rotor windings and also the harmonics due to the doubly-slotted airgap. The second part applies the developed model to four subjects of interest for the machine designer: study of the no-load stator-voltage shape, calculation of the iron losses, electromagnetic torque harmonics and radial electromagnetic forces. Finally, the third part studies the dimensioning of the DFIM by using a genetic optimization algorithm. The process is applied to the transformation of an existing salient-pole synchronous machine into a DFIM. Two cases are treated: first, only the rotor is replaced while the stator remains unchanged and second, the machine is completely redesigned.Key words: Pumped-Storage Hydro Power Plants, Double-Fed Induction Machine, Salient-Pole Synchronous Machine, Modeling, Optimizing, Boundary-Element Method
Roman, Ortiz Edwin. "Analyse de l'écoulement dans la roue d'une turbine hydraulique axiale de type hélice : prise en considération du jeu de bout d'aube." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27999/27999.pdf.
Full textBeaulieu, Sébastien. "Étude expérimentale par la technique PIV de l'écoulement dans le canal inter-aube d'une turbine axiale de type hélice." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27758/27758.pdf.
Full textGagnon, Jean-Mathieu. "Contribution to the study of the 3D unsteady flow in a propeller turbine." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28126/28126.pdf.
Full textBouajila, Sofien. "Analyse expérimentale et numérique des écoulements à charge partielle dans les turbines Francis - Étude des vortex inter-aubes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI030.
Full textThe integration of renewable energies into the electricity grid brings new needs for hydro power plant operators in terms of how they are operated. Consequently, hydraulic turbine manufacturers are required to extend their machine’s operating range in order to increase their flexibility. In the case of Francis turbines, dynamic stresses could increase in off-design conditions due to several hydraulic phenomena that appear in the flow, especially at partial load. One of them is the development of inter-blade vortices in the runner. In order to guarantee an extended operating range manufacturers have to control the impact of such operating conditions on their turbines lifetime. Therefore, a better understanding of complex partial load flows and their mechanical impact on the turbines is needed. In this context, this thesis uses both experimental and numerical approaches. Reduced scale model turbines were tested in order to correlate hydraulic phenomena observed in the flow and the evolution of pressure and strain fluctuations for different operating points. The results were then used to estimate the turbine fatigue in partial load conditions. Computational Fluid Dynamics was also used to better understand the formation of inter-blade vortices and to predict the dynamic loading on the runner at partial load. These numerical results were validated by comparison with the experimental data from the previous test rig measurements and observation campaigns
Mesnage, Hugo. "Modélisation et contrôle avancé pour les centrales de turbinage de moyenne et haute chute." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT025.
Full textThe integration of renewables at the scale of the network causes new paradigms: the first and most important change is the fact that the electrical power is no longer under control but dependent of the incontinence of renewable sources. This irregularity of production over consumption requires the storage of energy when it is produced to make it available for later. Pump storage plant (PSP) or turbine-pump equiped plants, are by their speed of action, storage capacity and environmentally respectful aspect, the main organs able to satisfy this growing demand energy storage across the network.During this thesis, the modeling problem and enslavement of transients of these sites is considered from the perspective of the turbine group: given a turbine in a hydraulic circuit, what is its dynamic behavior, and what control method ensures the best performances from the standpoint of the response time and stability.The manuscript is then structured around four chapters: the first, aims to introduce more finely issues and a mathematical representation of th dynamic of these sites. The second chapter presents an original method based on a graphic study of a simplified model of the turbine system placed along a linear and constant section penstock. This section establishes the minimum time of action of these plants dependently of the actuator performance and topology of the site. The third chapter contains the main contribution of this work in terms of regulation of a pump storage site: it proposes a linear regulation of the hydraulic circuit in which is the flow of water through the use of a non-linear actuator: the turbine. Finally, to address particular sequences, the fourth and final chapter proposes establishing trajectories compatible with the dynamics and constraints resulting from the use of a turbine. Then the computed trajectories allow greater control of the phenomena through the use of a well chosen optimization function and a predictive with finite horizon state feedback
Labrecque, Yves. "Simulation numérique des écoulements dans une turbine hydraulique complète." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0020/MQ49029.pdf.
Full textDenis, Sébastien. "Analyse dynamique d'une ligne d'arbre verticale supportée par une butée à patins oscillants." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT2335/document.
Full textVibration problems are one of the main causes leading to maintenances performed on the turbines of hydroelectric power generation systems in France. In this CIFRE dissertation, financed by Division Technique Générale d'Électricité de France in Grenoble, we shall numerically study the physical phenomena involved in turbine vibrations of this kind.Hence, each component of this type of rotating machinery is modeled: the rotor, the rigid coupling, the hydrodynamic bearings, the hydrodynamic tilting pad thrust bearing, the annular seals and the electromagnetic forces. The model of the rotor is based on classical 1D approach taking into account the defects of the rigid coupling. The hydrodynamic bearings can be fed by helicoidally grooves. This feature is taken into account in the numerical model of journal bearing by applying a variable transformation to the Reynolds equation. For the tilting pad thrust bearing, the Reynolds equation takes into account the displacements and the velocities of both the pads and the rotor. A test case is presented for evaluating the different numerical approaches of the tilting pad thrust bearing that can be integrated in a rotordynamic analysis. The annular seals are modeled by using linearized hydraulic efforts (i.e. stiffness, damping and added mass dynamic coefficients) modeled by the "bulk flow" system of equations. The electromagnetic efforts in the alternator are taken into account by using an analytic model of the forces of each pair of poles. This enables to tackle ovalisation or eccentricity defects of the stator.A second part is dedicated to the numerical study of a complete turbine. Different studies dealing with sensitivity analyses of most often-encountered defects of this type of rotating machinery are presented, the goal being to underline their influence on the dynamic behavior of the whole rotor
Podeur, Vincent. "Modélisation expérimentale et numérique du power take-off d’un bassin houlomoteur." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ENTA0005.
Full textThe present work aims at studying the power take-off of a wave energy converter (WEC). This system is composed of a set of connected tanks. Rubber flaps are installed at tanks inlet and outlet to ensure a one-way flow direction. Thanks to wave induced motions of the supporting platform, sloshing appears inside the WEC tanks which feed a cylindrical basin with a centered drain hole at its bottom. Then, a bathtub vortex flow appears within this tank, where a vertical axis turbine is installed to harvest kinetic energy from the flow. The first phase of this research focuses on studying the steady bathtub flow. To do so, a dedicated experiment is built. Velocity field within the cylindrical basin, with and without the turbine, is studied via Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). In addition, power production from the turbine and water level inside the tank are measured. These results are used to define starting hypothesis for developing a numerical model of the turbine. The second phase of this research focuses on studying the unsteady bathtub flow. For this purpose, a second experiment is built. This setup provides a more realistic environment, closer to what can be observed with the WEC system. PIV measurements are also used extensively to study the flow with and without the turbine. The last stage of this research focuses on the numerical modelling of the vertical axis turbine. The model is based on the potential flow theory. First, a two-dimensional approach is used to validate the early pieces of the model. Secondly, a three-dimensional approach is adopted to account for more complex flow features. Finally, numerical and experiment results are compared
Castrataro, Albert. "Mesure et prédiction des contraintes résiduelles dans une turbine hydraulique de type Francis." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2006. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/542/1/CASTRATARO_Albert.pdf.
Full textSt-Hilaire, Antoine. "Prévision du comportement en cavitation d'une turbine hydraulique à partir d'un calcul d'écoulement stationnaire." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0020/MQ53983.pdf.
Full textTaraud, Jean-Philippe. "Recouvrement de géométries complexes et applications pour l'étude d'une turbine hydraulique de type bulbe." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30786/30786.pdf.
Full textThis research work deals with the geometry recovery of the runner and the draft tube of a bulb turbine, based on the real scale model. Once the geometry recovery of the runner completed, this computerized geometry allows to design an instrumented blade with embedded pressure sensors. A non-contact laser scanner on a precision measuring arm is used to create precise and detailed point clouds of the runner and draft tube geometries. Then, these point clouds are processed in a computer-aided design (CAD) software, in order to achieve a precise computerized geometry of the model. Deviation analyses allow to quantify the deviations so as to validate the CAD geometries and the IEC60193 standard agreement for the runner. Finally, a new instrumented blade with thirty embedded pressure sensors is developed so as to investigate pressure fluctuations in the runner in constant and transient operating conditions.
Tavares, Da Costa Carlos. "Méthodes de commande adaptative par supervision pour la régulation d'un générateur entrainé par turbine hydraulique." Grenoble INPG, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPG0188.
Full textErcolino, José. "Modélisation en régime nominal et partiel de l'écoulement méridien dans les turbomachines axiales et hélicocentrifuges." Phd thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure d'arts et métiers - ENSAM, 2001. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000250.
Full textPineda, Rondon Saira Freda. "Numerical prediction of cavitation erosion." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEC031/document.
Full textHydraulic turbines can experience cavitation, which is a phenomenon occurring when vapor bubbles collapse in the vicinity of the machine’s surface. This phenomenon can lead to negative consequences, such as erosion, that affect the machine’s performance. The compression of a non-condensable gas bubble in water is simulated with the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method following the Arbitrary Lagrange Euler approach (SPHALE), where a compressible and multiphase model has been developed. The model solves the mass, momentum and energy conservation equations of the Euler system using the Stiffened Gas EOS for water and the ideal gas EOS for the non-condensable gas inside the bubble. Both phases are modeled as compressible and the phase change is not considered. The meshless feature of the SPH-ALE method allows the calculation of multiphase flows where the interface is sharply defined. For cavitation applications, where the Mach number reaches values of 0.5, the distribution of particles must be corrected, which is achieved by the ALE feature. The compressible model was validated through monodimensional configurations, such as shock tube test cases for monophase and multiphase flows. The bubble compression close to the wall has been addressed as the fundamental mechanism producing damage. Its general behavior is characterized by the formation of a water jet and by the collapse of the bubble by itself. The phenomenon is analyzed by considering the major parameters that govern the bubble collapse dynamics, such as the initial distance between the bubble center and the wall (H0), the bubble size (R0), and the collapse driven pressure ratio (pw/pb). It is shown that the intensity of the collapse depends mainly on the pressure ratio between the liquid and the bubble (pw/pb). As well, four indicators, such as the pressure at the wall, the impulse, the water-hammer pressure and the water jet velocity, are used to determine the loading. This analysis gives that the bubble initially located at a distance lower than H0/R0 = 2 presents high potential to cause damage. In order to predict the damage due to the bubble collapse, the solid mechanics is analyzed through fluid-structure interaction simulations. It is obtained that the material reacts to the hydraulic loads by having compression and traction zones, suggesting that a fatigue mechanism drives the damage phenomenon. Additionally, it is found that the highest stresses are located below the material surface, indicating that this zone may reach plastic deformation
Kolebina, Natalia. "Caractérisation des properiétés d'aciers supermartensitiques pour une optimisation de procédés de mise en forme d'éléments de turbine hydraulique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI093.
Full textThe current manufacturing of hydraulic turbine components is complex, metal-consuming and expensive process. The one way of improving this process is forming complex shapes that will decrease the amount of welding and post treatment. The new forming process requires the investigation of new materials having good deformability and satisfying the requirements to material for hydraulic turbine application. The supermartensitic steels are attractive as they have exceptional combination of high corrosion resistance, good weldability, tensile strength and ductile behavior.The aim of this work is the determination and modeling of supermartensitic stainless steel behavior at high temperature to control and optimize process of hot forming the parts of hydraulic turbine runner.Different parameters affect the hot forming of steel. On the one hand, the knowledge about steel microstructure and transformation is needed to optimize temperature of forming and analyze results, and on the other hand, the mechanical experiments need to be performed to determine high temperature behavior of steel and constitutive law which allow to model process of forming. Thus firstly detailed study of microstructure and transformation of supermartensitic steel is presented. It has been demonstrated that the heat treatment can improve microstructure of material and exclude disadvantage of steel making. Then the mechanical behavior at high temperature was investigated. Tensile tests were carried out in the interval of temperature from 650°C to 1100°C at strain rate in range from 0,0004s-1 to 0,04s-1. The influences of temperature, strain rate, grain size, content and morphology of phases on mechanical behavior have been analyzed. Additionally brief investigation of cavities at full austenite zone has been done. Finally the constitutive laws were determined and modeling of behavior is presentede Examples of bending process are reported, corresponding to real and complex shapes of turbine parts.The presented investigation of supermartensitic stainless steel and proposed constitutive laws allow optimization the process of hot forming