Academic literature on the topic 'Turbocharger'
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Journal articles on the topic "Turbocharger"
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Korakianitis, Theodosios, and T. Sadoi. "Turbocharger-Design Effects on Gasoline-Engine Performance." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 127, no. 3 (June 24, 2005): 525–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1808428.
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Specification of a turbocharger for a given engine involves matching the turbocharger performance characteristics with those of the piston engine. Theoretical considerations of matching turbocharger pressure ratio and mass flow with engine mass flow and power permits designers to approach a series of potential turbochargers suitable for the engine. Ultimately, the final choice among several candidate turbochargers is made by tests. In this paper two types of steady-flow experiments are used to match three different turbochargers to an automotive turbocharged-intercooled gasoline engine. The first set of tests measures the steady-flow performance of the compressors and turbines of the three turbochargers. The second set of tests measures the steady-flow design-point and off-design-point engine performance with each turbocharger. The test results show the design-point and off-design-point performance of the overall thermodynamic cycle, and this is used to identify which turbocharger is suitable for different types of engine duties.
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Tian, Wei, Defeng Du, Juntong Li, Zhiqiang Han, and Wenbin Yu. "Establishment of a Two-Stage Turbocharging System Model and Analysis on Influence Rules of Key Parameters." Energies 13, no. 8 (April 15, 2020): 1953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13081953.
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This paper took a two-stage turbocharged heavy-duty six-cylinder diesel engine as the research object and established a two-stage turbocharging system matching model. The influence rules between the two-stage turbocharging key parameters were analyzed, while summarizing an optimization method of key parameters of a two-stage turbocharger. The constraint equations for the optimal distribution principle of the two-stage turbocharger’s pressure ratio and expansion ratio were proposed. The results show that when the pressure ratio constraint equation and expansion ratio constraint equation are satisfied, the diesel engine can achieve the target pressure ratio, while the total energy consumption of the turbocharger is the lowest.
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Alshammari, Mamdouh, Nikolaos Xypolitas, and Apostolos Pesyridis. "Modelling of Electrically-Assisted Turbocharger Compressor Performance." Energies 12, no. 6 (March 13, 2019): 975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12060975.
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For the purposes of design of a turbocharger centrifugal compressor, a one-dimensional modelling method has been developed and applied specifically to electrically-assisted turbochargers (EAT). For this purpose, a mix of authoritative loss models was applied to determine the compressor losses. Furthermore, an engine equipped with an electrically-assisted turbocharger was modelled using commercial engine simulation software (GT-Power) to assess the performance of the engine equipped with the designed compressor. A commercial 1.5 L gasoline, in-line, 3-cylinder engine was selected for modeling. In addition, the simulations have been performed for an engine speed range between 1000 and 5000 rpm. The design target was an electric turbocharger compressor that could meet the boosting requirements of the engine with noticeable improvement in a transient response. The results from the simulations indicated that the EAT improved the overall performance of the engine when compared to the equivalent conventional turbocharged engine model. Moreover, the electrically-assisted turbochargers (EAT) equipped engine with power outputs of 1 kW and 5 kW EAT was increased by an average of 5.96% and 15.4%, respectively. This ranged from 1000 rpm to 3000 rpm engine speed. For the EAT model of 1 kW and 5 kW, the overall net reduction of the BSFC was 0.53% and 1.45%, respectively, from the initial baseline engine model.
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Fang, Yan Kai, and Limin Chen. "Performance Analysis on Electrical Aided Turbocharged System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 34-35 (October 2010): 1946–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.34-35.1946.
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A turbocharger is fitted to a diesel in order to enhance the inlet charge pressure, hence increasing the fresh air in the cylinder, then more fuel can be injected into the cylinder and sequentially more engine power can put out. The electrical aided turbocharged system is a mechanism adding a high speed electronic motor into a turbocharger shaft. The electronic motor can work as a motor to drive the turbocharger shaft and as a generator to generate electricity energy to storage energy. According to certain constraint conditions, the controlling strategy of the hybrid turbocharged system is presented. The simulation results about key work points reveal that controlling the turbocharged engine following the strategy can enhance the engine performance.
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Dasappa, S., H. V. Sridhar, and I. Muzumdar. "Experiments on and thermodynamic analysis of a turbocharged engine with producer gas as fuel." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 226, no. 4 (September 23, 2011): 1004–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406211419063.
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This article presents the studies conducted on turbocharged producer gas engines designed originally for natural gas (NG) as the fuel. Producer gas, whose properties like stoichiometric ratio, calorific value, laminar flame speed, adiabatic flame temperature, and related parameters that differ from those of NG, is used as the fuel. Two engines having similar turbochargers are evaluated for performance. Detailed measurements on the mass flowrates of fuel and air, pressures and temperatures at various locations on the turbocharger were carried out. On both the engines, the pressure ratio across the compressor was measured to be 1.40 ± 0.05 and the density ratio to be 1.35 ± 0.05 across the turbocharger with after-cooler. Thermodynamic analysis of the data on both the engines suggests a compressor efficiency of 70 per cent. The specific energy consumption at the peak load is found to be 13.1 MJ/kWh with producer gas as the fuel. Compared with the naturally aspirated mode, the mass flow and the peak load in the turbocharged after-cooled condition increased by 35 per cent and 30 per cent, respectively. The pressure ratios obtained with the use of NG and producer gas are compared with corrected mass flow on the compressor map.
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Stolyarov, A. S. "Improving convergence of solving system of equations of matching of turbocharger and engine characteristic maps." Transactions of the Krylov State Research Centre S-I, no. 1 (December 8, 2021): 100–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.24937/2542-2324-2021-1-s-i-100-102.
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The analysis of the relationship between the parameters of the operating point of the engine and the turbocharger is carried out in this article. The calculation method of matching of turbocharger and engine characteristic maps is proposed. The developed method makes it possible to calculate the operating point of a turbocharged diesel engine with simple iterations. The results of the work are useful for matching of turbocharger and engine characteristic maps.
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Galiev, Ilgiz, Ekaterina Parlyuk, and Bulat Ziganshin. "MODERNIZATION OF THE LUBRICATION SYSTEM OF THE TURBOCHARGER BEARING OF THE DIESEL ENGINE." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 16, no. 3 (November 21, 2021): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2021-67-71.
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The problem of increasing the unit power of the engine without making changes to its design is solve by using a turbo supercharger. However, due to the intensity of the turbochargers operating mode, which are characterized by engine speed variability due to changing load indicators during operation (the number of rotor revolutions varies from 30000 min-1 to 120000 min-1, engine exhaust gases have a temperature of about 7500C), there is a need to improve the efficiency of the turbocharger bearing lubrication system. The purpose of the research is to ensure the operability and increase the reliability of turbochargers of diesel engines. To achieve this goal, a constructive solution for the lubrication system of the bearing assembly was propose, i.e., a membrane-type hydraulic accumulator was structurally provided in the lubrication system of the bearing assembly. Experimental studies were conduct to identify the operability and effectiveness of this constructive solution. The experiment was carried out on the KAMAZ-740 engine, the turbocharger shaft drive was carried out in normal mode, that is, from exhaust gases. L-02-40 fuel was use, SAE 10W–40 API was use as a lubricant. The turbocharger shaft speed varied from minimum to maximum by changing the engine speed and then stopping it. During the experiments, the following parameters of the turbocharger operation were measure: the duration of inertial rotation of the turbocharger rotor; the duration of pressure reduction in the turbocharger lubrication system. The dependences of the influence of the duration of the pressure drop in the turbocharger lubrication system and the duration of rotation of the turbocharger shaft by inertia with parallel inclusion of the accumulator in its lubrication system and in the normal mode of lubrication of the bearing are reveal. It is established that the installation of a device for feeding the turbocharger bearing during a sharp reduction in engine speed will increase the run-out of the turbocharger rotor from 30 to 65 s while maintaining the normal operating mode of the turbocharger lubrication system
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Alaviyoun, Seyed Shahabeddin, and Masoud Ziabasharhagh. "Experimental thermal survey of automotive turbocharger." International Journal of Engine Research 21, no. 5 (June 13, 2018): 766–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087418778987.
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Turbochargers are commonly used in the automotive industry due to their ability to increase the specific power output of internal combustion engines. Heat transfer from the turbine to the compressor can strongly influence the turbocharger performance. Therefore, it is essential to consider heat transfer properties of the turbochargers. Existing heat transfer models are generally limited to the specific situations on the turbocharger test rig or the engine test bench, which are different to the real conditions of engine operation in a vehicle. Accurate modeling and calculation of the heat transfer require a more precise measurement study. In this research, we evaluate the temperature distribution of the turbocharger walls using an engine test bench and also a vehicle that are both equipped with the same instrumented turbocharger. Thermocouple measurements and thermography pictures were used to determine the temperature distributions of the turbocharger. Different heat transfer phenomena of turbocharger have been measured and analyzed. In addition, the effect of heat transfer on compressor efficiency is investigated. Several tests have been conducted, including a vehicle on a flat surface and also during an uphill climb with a trailer load hitched. The results of vehicle warm-up test show that the compressor housing has a higher temperature gradient in comparison with the engine test bench. The velocity of the air around the turbocharger is a factor that contributed toward the differences between an engine test bench and typical vehicle conditions.
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Flaxington, D., and E. Swain. "Turbocharger aerodynamic design." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 213, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954406991522176.
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The aerodynamic design of turbochargers is described, covering radial compressors and turbines and also axial turbines. The paper concentrates upon those aspects that are peculiar to turbocharger design, including the approach adopted, and highlights the importance of company-specific empirical data. Turbochargers have to be physically adaptable to suit many different sizes of engine, with a great variety of operating duties. The need for turbochargers to achieve the highest obtainable performance at the lowest cost while maintaining durability levels comparable with the engine contributes to the design challenges that are discussed.
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Li, Bin, and Shou Jun Zhang. "MV “CRYSTAL STAR” Diesel Turbocharger Surge Cause Analysis and Troubleshooting." Applied Mechanics and Materials 672-674 (October 2014): 1562–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.1562.
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Currently shipping costs are increasing sharply due to the rising oil prices. In order to reduce shipping costs, most low-speed two-stroke diesel engines run at low speeds to reduce fuel oil consumption, and this measure might result turbocharger surge. For modern marine diesel engines, the exhaust gas turbochargers are becoming more and more important; their working conditions have a direct impact on the performance of diesel engines, consequently affecting the operation of the ship. Surge will fail a turbocharger to achieve the supercharging ratio, damage the turbocharger components and even lead to a damage accident of the whole turbocharger. Therefore, a good understanding of the reasons for marine diesel engine turbocharger surge will help to prevent and eliminate turbocharger surge in operation. This paper is to make an analysis on the special surge mechanism occurred to the turbocharger on MV "Crystal Star", and propose some appropriate supervisory and preventive measures against the problem.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Turbocharger"
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Duda, Tomasz. "Turbocharger performance and surge definition on a steady flow turbocharger test stand." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760881.
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Turbocharger performance maps are vital components used in an engine-turbocharger matching process, a 1D engine performance development stage and a day-to-day operation of a turbocharged vehicle. The main aim of this thesis is the investigation of the turbocharger compressor performance when operating with an alternative to air substitute gas. This occurs, for instance, when turbocharging and low pressure exhaust gas recirculation (LP EGR) technologies are combined. To conduct the experimental study of the turbocharger performance with substitute gas a steady-state turbocharger test facility with a compressor closed-loop mode has been designed and built within this thesis by the author. Also, for the most accurate performance map determination an uncertainty analysis of a selected turbocharger performance map and an extensive study on surge have also been carried out. The sensor based uncertainty analysis has been a key aspect to help to understand the links between the accuracy of measured quantities and the overall uncertainty of the performance parameters. Such knowledge allowed for a selection of sensors targeting the most accurate data measurement. While investigating the uncertainty of the turbocharger performance maps heat transfer related efficiency uncertainty was also studied. Namely, a series of a semi-adiabatic tests were performed in the low turbocharger speed region which highlighted the issues related to a work and heat transfer separation and uncertainty of the extrapolated performance data. Also, a contribution to the turbocharger heat transfer modelling has been made by supporting the in-house lumped capacitance thermal node model with the 3D CHT (conjugate heat transfer) simulations [1, 2]. Finally, a study of a literature based compressor heat estimation method was performed as an alternative way of separating work and heat transfer (with low speed adiabatic mapping). The experimental surge study was conducted in phases and included the analysis and comparison of the low and high frequency pressure data gathered at various locations downstream and upstream from the compressor and temperature data collected at close distance from impeller eye. It has been concluded that the post-compressor located pressure measurement is preferable (than the pre-compressor pressure measurement) as the FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) magnitude of the peak frequency associated with surge is independent on the distance of the sensor from the compressor. The useage of the temperature sensor installed at the closest distance from the compressor entry allowed an observation of the near surge temperature rise (a result of the air recirculation). However, due to the inconsistent rate of the temperature rise across the various speed lines along with the poor response it offers no benefit from the surge avoidance point of view. The comparison of the available surge metrics revealed that the resultant surge lines were drawn at different operating points especially at the higher turbocharger speed lines where the surge development investigated by the rise of the low frequency FFT magnitude peaks was much more visible. The experimental tests performed in steady-state and pulsating flow conditions have indicated larger surge margin availability for the latter case [3]. Development of a turbocharger rig and gaining the confidence in turbocharger performance map generation allowed the author to carry out the investigation over compressor performance with a substitute gas. The study covered two cases of homogeneous and non-homogeneous gas introduction representing a well and a poorly mixed gases respectively. The substitute gas included various mixtures of CO2 and air and pure CO2. It has been highlighted that when comparing turbomachinery performance maps working with substitute gas non-dimensional speed and mass flow parameters shall be introduced. These parameters allow for the map corrections with respect to individual gas constant (R) and ratio of specific heats (γ). The experimentally obtained compressor performance maps with low CO2 concentration in CO2-air mixtures (3%, 5% and 10%) were successfully corrected with the use of non-dimensional speed and mass flow parameters. However, the compressor performance map obtained for the pure CO2 has revealed significant offsets in pressure ratio, efficiency, surge and choke flow locations. This is due to a significantly different γ. In the attempt of the further performance correction a method proposed by Roberts and Sjolander has been followed. As a result of such, a poor match between the measured and predicted values of compressor efficiency was achieved (n exponent = 0.8). A closer correlation was obtained if the n exponent was made a speed dependent variable. This observation has suggested that the measurement of compressor efficiency was affected by the heat transfer between the uninsulated turbomachinery components. Due to the time limitations this assertion has not been investigated experimentally. Realising this limitation, therefore, a series of adiabatic CFD simulations have been performed instead. These simulations have shown that for the case of pure CO2 a reasonable match between the simulated and predicted values of efficiency and pressure ratio was achieved. The experimental and numerical comparison of the compressor performance for homogeneously and non-homogeneously introduced substitute gas did not show any significant compressor performance changes. Finally, experimental study of selected configurations of the intake pipework and EGR mixing valve has shown that complex flow regimes can be developed within the LP EGR system affecting the compressor’s surge margin, efficiency and width of the map. This demonstrates that the aerodynamic disturbances of an EGR mixing valve may have the largest influence on the compressor map compared to all other factors.
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Tan, Yiping. "Automotive diesel turbocharger investigation." Thesis, University of Bath, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437605.
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Dale, Adrian Peter. "Radial, vaneless, turbocharger turbine performance." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11363.
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Phull, Harpinder Singh. "Investigation into Turbocharger crazing defect." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5447/.
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A programme of research was undertaken to identify the mechanisms of formation of voids and defects in aluminium alloy C354 and C355 castings. The following aspects of the material processing were studied as independent and linked effects: casting technique and associated variables, hot isostatic pressing cycle parameters, and heat treatment cycle. Microstructure related driving forces for defect formation were quantified using differential scanning calorimetry and quantitative metallography and surface effects investigated using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was shown that by controlling key variables within casting, the component can become less sensitive to subsequent defect evolution from further thermal processing. Optimised parameters were defined and the mechanism of defect formation elucidated. A Non Destructive Testing (NDT) method for the detection of defects within C354 components was developed.
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García, Tíscar Jorge. "Experiments on turbocharger compressor acoustics." Doctoral thesis, Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/79552.
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As turbocharging requirements raise to face an increasingly stricter environmental regulation of internal combustion engines, concerns regarding their acoustic emission become more pressing. Since downsized engines require higher boost pressures and lower mass flow rates, the turbocharger compressor is forced to work at more unstable regimes, where flow patterns become more complex and noise levels rise.
This thesis aims to thus to investigate these issues, proposing methodologies to characterize the acoustic emission of turbocharger compressors and implementing them in different experiments with a special focus on the link between acoustic emission and flow behaviour at unstable conditions.
A literature review is carried out in order to assess the state of the art principally regarding experimental techniques related to this issue but also including the latest developments in terms of understanding the flow characteristics through numerical simulations. Different methodologies are consequently proposed and implemented into a custom test rig inside an anechoic chamber as to experimentally measure and analyze the acoustic output of the compressor.
From this measurement campaign a characterization of the noise spectral content across the compressor map is obtained and described, identifying different acoustical phenomena such as blade passing tonal noise, low frequency content associated to deep surge, higher frequency broadband ascribed to tip clearance interaction, and broadband noise in the plane wave range known as whoosh in the literature, of special concern for automotive manufacturers. This particular phenomenon is detected even at more stable conditions at higher flow rate, and rising in level as flow rate is diminished to the point of being masked by lower frequency content.
After a validation of the selected procedure in realistic engine conditions, experimental data is compared against a numerical model of the compressor developed in a parallel work to assess its validity and propose different post-processing techniques to extract additional insights about the behaviour of the flow at different conditions, hinting at the main generation mechanism for whoosh being located at the compressor diffuser.
Since numerical simulations predict a reduced amount of reversed unstable flow at conditions where whoosh noise is still measured, an experimental campaign is performed where detailed measures of local temperature near the compressor wheel are used to determine the evolution of reversed flow, with supplemental readings through pressure probes in the inducer and diffuser being used to link this evolution with the fluctuation of spectral content. Temperature results are also correlated with measurements of the velocity field through particle imaging, demonstrating a clear link between the reversed flow field and temperature readings.
Different experimental campaigns are then described where modifications of the inlet geometry immediately upstream the compressor are performed in order to assess how the air flow presentation can influence acoustic performance. Geometries featuring reservoirs, nozzles and guide vanes are shown to potentially reduce noise levels. A 90º elbow parametric study is performed, demonstrating how the inner radius of the elbow influences circumferential temperature differences and noise levels, leading to the hypothesis of geometry influence on whoosh noise being related to air presentation changes that promote lower or higher growth of reversed backflow, which in turns carries upstream the spectral content being generated in the compressor diffuser.A medida que los requerimientos de turbocompresión aumentan para afrontar una regulación de los motores de combustión interna cada vez más estricta, la preocupación respecto a su emisión acústica se hace más acuciante. Debido a que motores de menor tamaño requieren mayores aumentos de presión y menores gastos másicos, el compresor del turbogrupo se ve forzado a trabajar en regímenes más inestables, los patrones de flujo se hacen más complejos y los niveles de ruido aumentan. Esta tesis tiene como objetivo investigar estas cuestiones, proponiendo metodologías para caracterizar la emisión acústica de compresores de turbogrupos, e implementándolas en diferentes experimentos enfocados especialmente en la relación entre emisión acústica y comportamiento del flujo en condiciones inestables. Por tanto, se lleva a cabo una revisión bibliográfica para evaluar el estado del arte, especialmente en lo concerniente a técnicas experimentales relacionadas con el problema, pero incluyendo también los últimos desarrollos en términos de comprensión de las características del flujo mediante simulaciones numéricas. Como resultado, diferentes metodologías se proponen e implementan en un banco de ensayo hecho a medida dentro de una cámara anecoica para medir y analizar la producción sonora del compresor. Mediante esta campaña de medida se obtiene y describe una caracterización acústica del contenido espectral del ruido a lo largo del mapa del compresor, identificando diferentes fenómenos sonoros tales como ruido tonal debido al paso de álabe, contenido de baja frecuencia asociado al bombeo profundo, contenido de banda ancha a alta frecuencia atribuido a la interacción del flujo en la holgura de punta de pala y ruido de banda ancha en el rango de onda plana, conocido como whoosh en la literatura y de especial interés para los fabricantes automovilísticos. Este fenómeno en concreto se detecta incluso a condiciones más estables de alto gasto másico, y aumenta de nivel a medida que el gasto disminuye hasta llegar a ser enmascarado por el aumento del contenido de baja frecuencia. Después de validar los procedimientos seleccionados en condiciones realistas de motor, se comparan los datos experimentales con un modelo numérico del compresor desarrollado en un trabajo paralelo a fin de evaluar su validez y proponer diferentes técnicas de postprocesado, con el objetivo de extraer información adicional acerca del comportamiento del flujo en diferentes condiciones, que sugieren que el mecanismo principal de generación de whoosh se encuentra localizado en el difusor del compresor. Se lleva a cabo una campaña experimental en la cual medidas detalladas de temperatura local cerca del rotor se usan para determinar la longitud del flujo inverso, con medidas suplementarias a través de sondas de presión usadas para relacionar esta evolución con la fluctuación de contenido espectral. Los resultados de temperatura se correlacionan también con medidas del campo de velocidad por imágenes de partículas, demostrando una clara relación entre el campo de flujo inverso y las medidas de temperatura. Se describen a continuación diferentes campañas experimentales en las cuales se llevaron a cabo modificaciones de la geometría de entrada inmediatamente aguas arriba del compresor con el fin de evaluar cómo la presentación del flujo puede influenciar el rendimiento acústico. Geometrías incluyendo remansos, toberas y álabes guía demuestran una reducción de los niveles de ruido. Se ha realizado un estudio paramétrico de un codo de 90º, mostrando que el radio del codo influye en la distribución circunferencial de temperatura y los niveles de ruido, llevando a la hipótesis de que la influencia de la geometría en el ruido de whoosh está relacionada con cambios en la presentación del aire que promueven menor o mayor reflujo, que a su vez convecta aguas arriba el contenido espectral generado en el difusor del
A mesura que els requeriments de turbocompressió augmenten a fi d'afrontar una regulació dels motors de combustió interna cada vegada més estricta, la preocupació respecte a la seva emissió acústica es fa més urgent. Com que motors de dimensions més reduïdes requereixen majors augments de pressió i menors cabals màssics, el compressor del turbogrup es veu forçat a treballar a règims més inestables, els patrons de flux es fan més complexos, i els nivells de soroll augmenten. Aquesta tesi té com a objectiu investigar aquestes qüestions, proposant metodologies per a caracteritzar l'emissió acústica de compressors de turbogrups, implementant-les en diferents experiments enfocats especialment a la relació entre emissió acústica i comportament del flux en condicions inestables. Per tant, es duu a terme una revisió bibliogràfica per avaluar l'estat de l'art, especialment pel que fa a tècniques experimentals relacionades amb el problema, però incloent també els últims desenvolupaments en termes de comprensió de les característiques del flux mitjançant simulacions numèriques. Com a resultat, diferents metodologies es proposen i implementen en un banc d'assaig fet a mida dins d'una cambra anecoica per mesurar i analitzar la producció sonora del compressor. Mitjançant aquesta campanya de mesura s'obté i descriu una caracterització acústica del contingut espectral del soroll al llarg del mapa del compressor, identificant diferents fenòmens sonors com ara soroll tonal a causa del pas d'àlep, contingut de baixa freqüència associat al bombeig profund, contingut de banda ampla a alta freqüència atribuït a la interacció del flux en la folgança de punta de pala i soroll de banda ampla en el rang d'ona plana, conegut com a whoosh en la literatura i d'especial interès per als fabricants automobilístics. Aquest fenomen en concret es detecta fins i tot a condicions més estables d'alt cabal màssic, i augmenta de nivell a mesura que el cabal disminueix fins arribar a ser emmascarat per l'augment del contingut de baixa freqüència. Després de validar els procediments seleccionats en condicions realistes de motor, es comparen les dades experimentals amb un model numèric del compressor desenvolupat en un treball paral·lel a fi d'avaluar la seva validesa i proposar diferents tècniques de post-processat, amb l'objectiu d'extraure informació addicional sobre el comportament del flux en diferents condicions, que suggereixen que el mecanisme principal de generació de whoosh es troba localitzat al difusor del compressor. Pel fet que nombroses simulacions prediuen una quantitat reduïda de'inestable flux invers en condicions on el whoosh apareix en les mesures, es duu a terme una campanya experimental en la qual mesures detallades de temperatura local prop del rotor s'utilitzen per a determinar la longitud del flux invers, amb mesures suplementàries mitjançant sondes de pressió emprades per a relacionar aquesta evolució amb la fluctuació de contingut espectral. Els resultats de temperatura es correlacionen també amb mesures del camp de velocitat per imatges de partícules, demostrant una clara relació entre el camp de flux invers i les mesures de temperatura. Es descriuen a continuació diferents campanyes experimentals en les quals es van realitzar modificacions de la geometria d'entrada immediatament aigües dalt del compressor a fi d'avaluar com la presentació del flux pot influenciar el rendiment acústic. Geometries incloent volums, toveres i àleps guia demostren una reducció dels nivells de soroll. S'ha realitzat un estudi paramètric d'un colze de 90º, mostrant que el ràdio del colze influïx en la distribució circumferencial de temperatura i els nivells de soroll, donant suport a la hipòtesi de que la influència de la geometria en el soroll de whoosh està relacionada amb canvis en la presentació de l'aire que promouen menor o major reflux, que aleshores convecta aigües da
García Tíscar, J. (2017). Experiments on turbocharger compressor acoustics [Tesis doctoral]. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/79552
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Aghaali, Habib. "On-Engine Turbocharger Performance Considering Heat Transfer." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-93981.
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Heat transfer plays an important role in affecting an on-engine turbocharger performance. However, it is normally not taken into account for turbocharged engine simulations. Generally, an engine simulation based on one-dimensional gas dynamics uses turbocharger performance maps which are measured without quantifying and qualifying the heat transfer, regardless of the fact that they are measured on the hot-flow or cold-flow gas-stand. Since heat transfer situations vary for on-engine turbochargers, the maps have to be shifted and corrected in the 1-D engine simulation, which mass and efficiency multipliers usually do for both the turbine and the compressor. The multipliers change the maps and are often different for every load point. Particularly, the efficiency multiplier is different for every heat transfer situation on the turbocharger. The heat transfer leads to a deviation from turbocharger performance maps, and increased complexity of the turbocharged engine simulation. Turbochargers operate under different heat transfer situations while they are installed on the engines. The main objectives of this thesis are: heat transfer modeling of a turbocharger to quantify and qualify heat transfer mechanisms, improving turbocharged engine simulation by including heat transfer in the turbocharger, assessing the use of two different turbocharger performance maps concerning the heat transfer situation (cold-measured and hot-measured turbocharger performance maps) in the simulation of a measured turbocharged engine, prediction of turbocharger walls’ temperatures and their effects on the turbocharger performance on different heat transfer situations. Experimental investigation has been performed on a water-oil-cooled turbocharger, which was installed on a 2-liter GDI engine for different load points of the engine and different heat transfer situations on the turbocharger by using insulators, an extra cooling fan, radiation shields and water-cooling settings. In addition, several thermocouples have been used on accessible surfaces of the turbocharger to calculate external heat transfers. Based on the heat transfer analysis of the turbocharger, the internal heat transfer from the bearing housing to the compressor significantly affects the compressor. However, the internal heat transfer from the turbine to the bearing housing and the external heat transfer of the turbine housing mainly influence the turbine. The external heat transfers of the compressor housing and the bearing housing, and the frictional power do not play an important role in the heat transfer analysis of the turbocharger. The effect of the extra cooling fan on the energy balance of the turbocharger is significant. However, the effect of the water is more significant on the external heat transfer of the bearing housing and the internal heat transfer from the bearing housing to the compressor. It seems the radiation shield between the turbine and the compressor has no significant effect on the energy balance of the turbocharger. The present study shows that the heat transfer in the turbocharger is very crucial to take into account in the engine simulations. This improves simulation predictability in terms of getting the compressor efficiency multiplier equal to one and turbine efficiency multiplier closer to one, and achieving turbine outlet temperature close to the measurement. Moreover, the compressor outlet temperature becomes equal to the measurement without correcting the map. The heat transfer situation during the measurement of the turbocharger performance influences the amount of simulated heat flow to the compressor. The heat transfer situation may be defined by the turbine inlet temperature, oil heat flux and water heat flux. However, the heat transfer situation on the turbine makes a difference on the required turbine efficiency multiplier, rather than the amount of turbine heat flow. It seems the turbine heat flow is a stronger function of available energy into the turbine. Of great interest is the fact that different heat situations on the turbocharger do not considerably influence the pressure ratio of the compressor. The turbine and compressor efficiencies are the most important parameters that are affected by that. The component temperatures of the turbocharger influence the working fluid temperatures. Additionally, the turbocharger wall temperatures are predictable from the experiment. This prediction enables increased precision in engine simulations for future works in transient operations.QC 20120504
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Tuominen, Jonny. "Measurement of Blowby in a Turbocharger." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-100843.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose with this Masters Thesis was to design a measurement rig for measurement of the blowby flow that originates from the turbocharger in a passenger car engine. A leakage of com-bustion gases and fresh air from the turbine and the compressor into the bearing housing of the turbocharger is the source of the blowby flow. Principally the measurement rig consists of two parts: a flowmeter for measurement of the blowby flow and a separation unit for separation of the blowby gases from the engine oil that is used for the lubrication of the bearings in the turbo-charger. The rig will be connected between the return oil pipe from the turbocharger and the en-gines crankcase and should only be used in engine testcells. First, an extensive study of different methods for measurement of gas flow and separation of gas and oil was carried out. Methods that best fulfill the set specifications of requirements are chosen to be used in the rig. From the results of the study a conclusion can be made that the best solu-tion is to use a flowmeter specifically made for engine blowby metering with another measure-ment pipe for more accurate measurements. A tank is used for the separation of oil and gas and it functions at the same time as a collecting vessel for the oil. A rack of baffle sheets inside the tank is used as the separation technique. The tank is also equipped with a pump and associated limit switches for controlling the oil level inside the tank. An oil heater is also applied to the tank for heating of the oil while kept in the tank. Testing of the equipment was executed with an engine in testcells to verify the functionality of the equipment. A test cycle that extended over the engines whole load and speed range was used. Gained results show that the turbocharger blowby follows the same pattern as the total engine blowby. It increases with higher engine load rather than with higher engine speed. It is also pos-sible to confirm that the rig has an influence on the engines blowby system, but also that the size of it is not conclusive to the measurements. A conclusion that the turbocharger blowby should not be measured simultaneously with the engine blowby can be done from the test results.Detta examensarbete omfattar konstruerandet av en mätningsrigg för mätning av det blowby-flöde som uppstår i en personbilsturbo. Blowby-flödet består av det läckage av förbränningsgaser och friskluft som sker genom turbin och kompressor in i lagerhuset på turboladdaren. Mätnings-riggen består huvudsakligen av två delar: en separationstank för separering av blowby-gaserna från den olja som används för smörjning av turbolagringen och en gasflödesmätare. Mätningsrig-gen kopplas in mellan turbons oljereturrör och motorn och den ska endast användas i motorprov-celler. Arbetet innehåller en omfattande förstudie där olika metoder för mätning av gasflöde och separe-ring av olja och gas presenteras och diskuteras. Den mätningsmetod som väljs uppfyller bäst de ställda kraven. Resultatet från förstudien visar att den bästa mätningsmetoden är att använda en gasmätare konstruerad för blowby-mätning i motorer, men med ett annat mätrör. Separeringen av olja och gas sker inuti en tank som samtidigt fungerar som en uppsamlingsbehållare för oljan med hjälp av avrinningsplåtar. Tanken är utrustad med en pump med tillhörande styrdon samt en oljevärmare för uppvärmning av oljan i tanken. Arbetet omfattade också provning av den framtagna utrustningen för att verifiera dess funktion. Provningen utfördes med en motor i motorprovcell med en testcykel som omfattade motorns hela last- och varvtalsregister. Provningens syfte var att undersöka om det går att mäta blowby genom turboladdaren med mätningsriggen samt att bestämma hur stor påverkan mätningsriggen har på motorn. Resultatet visar att turboblowbyn följer samma mönster som den totala motorblowbyn. Den ökar mer med högre last än med högre motorvarvtal. Det kan också bekräftas att mätningsriggen har en inverkan på motorns blowby-system, men att den är så begränsad att den inte har en avgö-rande inverkan på mätningarna. Resultatet visar också att blowby-flödet genom turbon inte kan mätas samtidigt med motorblowbyn om den specificerade mätningsmetoden används.
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Tejada, Zúñiga María Cristina. "Observability studies of a turbocharger systems." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/6955.
Full textAbstract:
The use of diesel engine turbochargers is increasing today, as it represents an option that
o ers high e ciency and low fuel consumption. To design the control system in order to
reduce the level of exhaust emissions there is a need for information about all states that
are not measurable. To this end, observers or virtual sensors are more frequently applied,
achieving estimates of the system states from inputs and measured output.
To propose an observer, the precise mathematical model of the air path diesel engine
system is used. This is a nonlinear model of a third order which is analyzed in terms
of observability. From the point of view of systems theory, certain conditions and the
existence of a transformation of the system state, called di eomorphism, need to be
evaluated.
Observers have been designed based on di erent approaches: Extended Luenberger
Observers, High Gain Observers, Sliding Modes Observers and Extended Kalman-Bucy
Filters. They have been validated by simulation for the system under consideration in
this work.Tesis
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De, Wet Andrew Louis. "Performance investigation of a turbocharger compressor." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17784.
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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Stellenbosch University participated in a project to re-design the compressor section of a diesel locomotive turbocharger. Tests conducted on the prototype compressor showed possible rotating stall in the diffuser section before the designed higher pressure ratio could be achieved. When approaching the higher pressure ratio, the compressor inlet trunk started to rhythmically collapse (due to suction), the engine shook and bellows of black smoke were exhausted by the engine. It was decided to simulate the prototype compressor's operation by using the 1-D theory of Aungier (2000) and to perform a 3-D CFD analysis of the compressor using FINE/Turbo of NUMECA International. A veri cation process was followed to show the accuracy of the 1-D and 3-D modelling methods using two well-known centrifugal compressor test cases found in the literature, namely the O-Rotor by Eckardt (1975, 1976, 1980) and the "Radiver" open CFD test case by Ziegler et al. (2003c). Results from the models were compared to available experimental results and the accuracy was found to be su cient to investigate the prototype compressor's impeller and diffuser. Both prediction methods con rmed separation in the vaned di user across the entire operating ow range of the prototype compressor at the design impeller speed. The 3-D method identi ed supersonic ow at the vaned diffuser inlet at the operating point and also predicted a smaller operating range than originally anticipated. Both the 1-D and 3-D methods also predicted impeller blade stall over the entire operating ow range at the design impeller speed. A recommendation was made to redesign the impeller and diffuser of the prototype compressor.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Universiteit van Stellenbosch het deel geneem aan 'n projek om die kompressor gedeelte van 'n diesel lokomotief se turbo-aanjaer te herontwerp. Toetse uitgevoer op die prototipe kompressor het moontlike roterende wegbreking in die diffuser seksie uitgewys voordat die ontwerpte hoër drukverhouding bereik kon word. Toe die hoër drukverhouding genader is, het die kompressor inlaatpyp begin ritmies inmekaar vou (as gevolg van die suig aksie), die enjin het geskud en wolke swart rook is deur die enjin uitgeblaas. Die besluit is geneem om die prototipe kompressor se werking te simuleer met behulp van die 1-D teorie van Aungier (2000) en om ook 'n 3-D berekenings vloeimeganika (BVM) analise op die kompressor uit te voer met behulp van FINE/Turbo van NUMECA Internasionaal. 'n Veri kasieproses is gevolg om die akkuraatheid van die 1-D en 3-D modelle te illustreer met behulp van twee welbekende sentrifugaal kompressor toetsgevalle beskikbaar in die literatuur, naamlik die O-Rotor deur Eckardt (1975, 1976, 1980) en die "Radiver" oop BVM toetsgeval deur Ziegler et al. (2003c). Resultate van die modelle is vergelyk met beskikbare eksperimentele resultate en die bevinding is gemaak dat die akkuraatheid genoegsaam is om die prototipe kompressor se rotor en diffuser te ondersoek. Beide voorspellingsmetodes het wegbreking bevestig in die gelemde diffuser oor die hele werksbestek van die prototipe kompressor teen die ontwerp rotorspoed. Die 3-D metode het supersoniese vloei by die gelemde diffuser se inlaat by die bedryfspunt geïdenti seer en het ook 'n kleiner werksbestek voorspel as wat vroeër verwag is. Beide die 1-D en 3-D metodes het ook wegbreking in die rotor oor die hele werksbestek teen die ontwerp rotorspoed voorspel. 'n Voorstel is gemaak om die rotor en diffuser van die prototipe kompressor te herontwerp.
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Storm, Josefin. "Heat Transfer Modeling for Turbocharger Control." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fordonssystem, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-141949.
Full textAbstract:
Turbocharging is a way to stay competitive on the market where there are increasing demands on fuel consumption and engine performance. Turbocharging lets the engine work closer to its maximum power and thereby reduces the relative losses due to pumping and friction. The turbocharger is exposed to big temperaturedifferences and heat flows will occur both internally between the turbine and the compressor as well as between the turbocharger and its surroundings. Away to get a better understanding of the behaviour of the turbocharger is to understand the heat flows better. This thesis is therefore aimed at investigating theeffect of heat transfer on the turbocharger. In the thesis, different ways of accountfor the heat transfer within the turbocharger is investigated and a heat transfermodel is presented and validated. The model can be used as a tool to estimate theimportance of different heat flows within the turbocharger. A set of heat transfer coefficients are estimated and the heat transfer is modelled with good accuracyfor high engine loads and speeds.
Books on the topic "Turbocharger"
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Reyes, J. R. Santos. Pulsating flow in turbocharger turbines. Manchester: UMIST, 1996.
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Turbo: Real world high-performance turbocharger systems. North Branch, MN: CarTech, 2008.
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Willems, G. C. A. Interaction of pressure waves with turbocharger turbines. Manchester: UMIST, 1994.
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Bell, Corky. Maximum boost: Designing, testing, and installing turbocharger systems. Croydon: Motor Racing, 1997.
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Maximum boost: Designing, testing, and installing turbocharger systems. Cambridge, MA: Robert Bentley Automotive Publishers, 1997.
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Howard, Samuel A. Rotordynamics and design methods of an oil-free turbocharger. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1999.
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Center, Lewis Research, ed. Rotordynamics and design methods of an oil-free turbocharger. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1999.
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Kächele, Andreas. Turbocharger Integration into Multidimensional Engine Simulations to Enable Transient Load Cases. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-28786-3.
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Warner, Mark. Street turbocharging: Design, fabrication, installation and tuning of high performance turbocharger systems. New York: HPBooks, 2006.
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Navarro García, Roberto. Predicting Flow-Induced Acoustics at Near-Stall Conditions in an Automotive Turbocharger Compressor. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72248-1.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Turbocharger"
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Walsham, B. E., and D. E. Winterbone. "The Turbocharger." In Internal Combustion Engineering: Science & Technology, 615–706. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0749-2_14.
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Kächele, Andreas. "Turbocharger Integration in QuickSim." In Wissenschaftliche Reihe Fahrzeugtechnik Universität Stuttgart, 37–45. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-28786-3_4.
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Nguyen-Schäfer, Hung. "Design of Turbocharger Platforms." In Springer Tracts in Mechanical Engineering, 331–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17644-4_10.
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Kächele, Andreas. "The Chosen Approach: 0D-Turbocharger." In Wissenschaftliche Reihe Fahrzeugtechnik Universität Stuttgart, 47–57. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-28786-3_5.
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Kächele, Andreas. "Application of the 0D-Turbocharger." In Wissenschaftliche Reihe Fahrzeugtechnik Universität Stuttgart, 89–107. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-28786-3_7.
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Zhan, Zhang Song, Jin Yang, Jin Cai Yang, Jun Lan, Gang Liu, Yong Jiang Xu, Jin Cai, and Liang Zhang. "An Investigation on Turbocharger Whine Noise." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 313–23. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45043-7_33.
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Perge, Julius, B. Hoepke, T. Uhlmann, J. Dohmen, and J. Lehmann. "Turbocharger Bearing Friction Measurement and Simulation." In Proceedings, 133–55. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-23189-7_9.
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Ono, Y., and Y. Ito. "Development of new generation MET turbocharger." In 14th International Conference on Turbochargers and Turbocharging, 242–51. London: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003132172-17.
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Fussey, P. M., C. Bennett, and A. Kermani. "An electric-potential turbocharger speed sensor." In 14th International Conference on Turbochargers and Turbocharging, 476–87. London: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003132172-32.
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Di-Modica, Dario, Philipp Nachtigal, Peter Eilts, and Jörg Seume. "Exhaust Gas Pulsation and Turbocharger Interaction." In Proceedings, 599–614. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-37009-1_42.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Turbocharger"
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Korakianitis, T., and T. Sadoi. "Turbocharger-Design Effects on Gasoline-Engine Performance." In ASME 1997 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-gt-387.
Full textAbstract:
Specification of a turbocharger for a given engine involves matching the turbocharger performance characteristics with those of the piston engine. Theoretical considerations of matching turbocharger pressure ratio and mass flow with engine mass flow and power permits designers to approach a series of potential turbochargers suitable for the engine. Ultimately, the final choice among several candidate turbochargers is made by tests. In this paper two types of steady-flow experiments are used to match three different turbochargers to an automotive turbocharged-intercooled gasoline engine. The first set of tests measures the steady-flow performance of the compressors and turbines of the three turbochargers. The second set of tests measures the steady-flow design-point and off-design-point engine performance with each turbocharger. The test results show the design-point and off-design-point performance of the over-all thermodynamic cycle, and this is used to identify which turbocharger is suitable for different types of engine duties.
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Rahnke, C. J. "Axial Flow Automotive Turbocharger." In ASME 1985 International Gas Turbine Conference and Exhibit. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/85-gt-123.
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Turbocharger “lag” or poor response to engine load changes can be improved by reducing the rotating inertia of the turbocharger turbine, compressor and shaft system. Recently designed, second generation turbochargers all have small diameter, light weight rotating assemblies in an effort to minimize inertia and improve response. An automotive turbocharger with an axial flow turbine rather than a conventional radial inflow turbine is presented here as an alternative method of reducing inertia. The rotating inertia of the axial flow turbine and a centrifugal compressor is about one half that of the same compressor combined with a radial inflow turbine. In steady-state engine dynamometer tests, the same wide-open throttle performance was obtained with both turbochargers. Engine dynamometer transient tests showed that the turbocharger with the axial flow turbine attained full boost 25–40% faster than did the turbocharger with the radial inflow turbine.
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Serrano, José Ramón, Francisco José Arnau, Luis Miguel García-Cuevas González, Alejandro Gómez-Vilanova, and Stephane Guilain. "Impact of a Holistic Turbocharger Model in the Prediction of Engines Performance in Transient Operation and in Steady State With LP-EGR." In ASME 2018 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2018-9550.
Full textAbstract:
Turbocharged engines are the standard powertrain type of internal combustion engines for both spark ignition and compression ignition concepts. Turbochargers modeling traditionally rely in look up tables based on turbocharger manufacturer provided maps. These maps as the only secure source of information. They are used both for the matching between reciprocating engine and the turbocharger and for the further engine optimization and performance analysis. In the last years have become evident that only these maps are not being useful for detailed calculation of variables like after-treatment inlet temperature (turbine outlet), intercooler inlet temperature (compressor outlet) and engine BSFC at low loads. This paper shows a comprehensive study that quantifies the errors of using just look up tables compared with a model that accounts for friction losses, heat transfer and gas-dynamics in a turbocharger and in a conjugated way. The study is based in an Euro 5 engine operating in load transient conditions and using a LP-EGR circuit during steady state operation.
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Ponti, F., V. Ravaglioli, and M. De Cesare. "Estimation Methodology for Automotive Turbochargers Speed Fluctuations due to Pulsating Flows." In ASME 2014 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2014-5580.
Full textAbstract:
Turbocharging technique, together with engine downsizing, will play a fundamental role in the near future as a way to reach the required maximum performance while reducing engine displacement and, consequently, CO2 emissions. However, performing an optimal control of the turbocharging system is very difficult, especially for small engines fitted with a low number of cylinders. This is mainly due to the high turbocharger operating range and to the fact that the flow through compressor and turbine is highly unsteady, while only steady flow maps are usually provided by the manufacturer. In addition, in passenger cars applications, it is usually difficult to optimize turbocharger operating conditions because of the lack of information about pressure/temperature in turbine upstream/downstream circuits and turbocharger rotational speed. This work presents a methodology suitable for instantaneous turbocharger rotational speed determination through a proper processing of the signal coming from an accelerometer mounted on the compressor diffuser or a microphone faced to the compressor. The presented approach can be used to evaluate turbocharger speed mean value and turbocharger speed fluctuation (due to unsteady flow in turbine upstream and downstream circuits), that can be correlated to the power delivered by the turbine. The whole estimation algorithm has been developed and validated for a light duty turbocharged Common-Rail Diesel engine mounted in a test cell. Nevertheless, the developed methodology is general and can be applied to different turbochargers, both for Spark Ignited and Diesel applications.
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Zeng, Tao, Devesh Upadhyay, Harold Sun, Eric Curtis, and Guoming G. Zhu. "Regenerative Hydraulic Assisted Turbocharger." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-64927.
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Engine downsizing and down-speeding are essential in order to meet future US fuel economy mandates. Turbocharging is one technology to meet these goals. Fuel economy improvements must, however, be achieved without sacrificing performance. One significant factor impacting drivability on turbocharged engines is typically referred to as, “Turbo-Lag”. Since Turbo-lag directly impacts the driver’s torque demands, it is usually perceptible as an undesired slow transient boost response or as a sluggish torque response. High throughput turbochargers are especially susceptible to this dynamic and are often equipped with variable geometry turbines (VGT) to mitigate some of this effect. Assisted boosting techniques that add power directly to the TC shaft from a power source that is independent of the engine have been shown to significantly reduce turbo-lag. Single unit assisted turbochargers are either electrically assisted or hydraulically assisted. In this study a regenerative hydraulically assisted turbocharger (RHAT) system is evaluated. A custom designed RHAT system is coupled to a light duty diesel engine and is analyzed via vehicle and engine simulations for performance and energy requirements over standard test cycles. Supplier provided performance maps for the hydraulic turbine, hydraulic turbo pump were used. A production controller was coupled with the engine model and upgraded to control the engagement and disengagement of RHAT, with energy management strategies. Results show some interesting dynamics and shed light on system capabilities especially with regard to the energy balance between the assist and regenerative functions. Design considerations based on open loop simulations are used for sizing the high pressure accumulator. Simulation results show that the proposed RHAT turbocharger system can significantly improve engine transient response. Vehicle level simulations that include the driveline were also conducted and showed potential for up to 4% fuel economy improvement over the FTP 75 drive cycle. This study also identified some technical challenges related to optimal design and operation of the RHAT. Opportunities for additional fuel economy improvements are also discussed.
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Shiraishi, Keiichi, and Venky Krishnan. "Electro-Assist Turbo for Marine Turbocharged Diesel Engines." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25667.
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Turbocharged diesel engines are widely used in the marine industry and have a significant impact on global CO2 and NOx emissions. Turbochargers are an integral component of any diesel engine and they play a critical role in their performance. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) and Calnetix Technologies have developed a unique technology called the “Electro-Assist Turbo” (EAT). The EAT unit consists of a specially designed high speed permanent magnet motor directly mounted to the turbocharger rotating assembly. The high speed motor applies torque to the turbocharger rotor enabling it maintain or vary rotor speed at low engine exhaust flow rates in order to supply sufficient charge air to maximize engine performance. Turbocharged diesel engines suffer from inherent deficiencies at low engine speeds; there is not enough energy in the exhaust to produce an optimum and readily available level of boost for the engine intake air system at off-design points. This technology proves even more important as the majority of large marine vessels are now operating in a “slow steaming” part throttle mode. To date the majority of marine diesel engines use auxiliary air blowers (AAB) to supply additional air to the engine intake during off design point operation. These AABs are inefficient and not intended nor designed to be used in constant operation. The EAT unit can provide a higher discharge pressure at the same electrical power consumption as an AAB. This more efficient design with higher discharge pressure further improves fuel efficiency and eliminates the need to run an external piece of machinery during operation, thus lowering maintenance costs. This paper will provide an overview of the design, integration and initial testing of the 100kW Electro-Assist Turbo into a Mitsubishi Exhaust-gas Turbocharger (MET)-83 marine diesel turbocharger. In addition this paper will go over the custom designed aerodynamic motor housing structure that holds the non-rotating components without penalizing performance of the turbocharger, special software developed for the variable frequency drive system that enables the flexible operation of the high speed motor, and features of the high speed permanent magnet motor that allows for operation without any active cooling. Also, this paper will provide and discuss the initial test results of the EAT integrated into the MET-83 turbocharger along with engine testing results provided by MHI. Low cost designs will be discussed that enable turbochargers currently in operation to be retrofitted and the further improvements taking place to commercialize.
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Serrano, José Ramón, Francisco José Arnau, Luis Miguel García-Cuevas, Alejandro Gómez-Vilanova, Stephane Guilain, and Samuel Batard. "A Methodology for Measuring Turbocharger Adiabatic Maps in a Gas-Stand and its Usage for Calibrating Control Oriented and 1D Models at Early ICE Design Stages." In ASME 2019 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2019-7125.
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Abstract Turbocharged engines are the standard architecture for designing efficient spark ignition and compression ignition reciprocating internal combustion engines (ICE). Turbochargers characterization and modeling are basic tasks for the analysis and prediction of the whole engine system performance and this information is needed in quite early stages of the engine design. Turbocharger characteristics (efficiency, pressure ratio, mass flow rates...) traditionally rely in maps of pseudo non-dimensional variables called reduced variables. These maps must be used by reciprocating ICE designer and modeler not only for benchmarking of the turbocharger, but for a multiplicity of purposes, i.e: assessing engine back-pressure, boost pressure, load transient response, after-treatment inlet temperature, intercooler inlet temperature, low pressure EGR temperature, ... Maps of reduced variables are measured in gas-stands with steady flow but non-standardized fluids conditioning; neither temperatures nor flows. In concrete: turbine inlet gas temperature; lubrication-oil flow and temperature; water-cooling flow and turbo-machinery external heat transfer are non-standardized variables which have a big impact in assessing said multiplicity of purposes. Moreover, adiabatic efficiency, heat losses and friction losses are important data, hidden in the maps of reduced variables, which depend on the testing conditions as much as on the auxiliary fluids temperature and flow rate. In this work it is proposed a methodology to standardize turbochargers testing based in measuring the maps twice: in close to adiabatic and in diathermal conditions. Along the paper it is discussed with special detail the impact of the procedure followed to achieve said quasi-adiabatic conditions in both the energy balance of the turbocharger and the testing complexity. As a conclusion, the paper proposes a methodology which combines quasi-adiabatic tests (cold and hot gas flow) with diathermal tests (hot gas flow) in order to extract from a turbocharger gas-stand all information needed by engine designers interested in controlling or 1D-modelling the ICE. The methodology is completed with a guide for calibrating said control-oriented turbocharger models in order to separate aerodynamic efficiency (adiabatic) from heat transfer losses and from friction losses in the analysis of the turbocharger performance. The outsourced calibration of the turbocharger model allows avoiding uncertainties in the global ICE model calibration, what is very interesting for turbochargers benchmarking at early ICE-turbo matching stages or for global system analysis at early control design stages.
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Liu, Yang, Misan Madamedon, Richard Burke, and Jürgen Werner. "The Experimental Study of the Inner Insulated Turbocharger Turbine." In ASME 2020 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2020-3042.
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Abstract For turbocharged diesel engine systems, emission reduction is the most significant challenge that manufacturers should overcome. In response to the emission reduction challenge most turbocharged diesel engine systems have adopted complex exhaust aftertreatment systems. Due to the current stringent emission regulation, exhaust aftertreatment system nowadays needs to discover new methods to increase its efficiency of pollution conversion. Increasing the inlet temperature of aftertreatment systems can help reduce the light-off time. Whilst most methods to do this involve increases in fuel consumption (retarded injection, engine throttling), insulating the turbocharger turbine to reduce heat loss does not have this drawback. This paper presents a simulation and experimental study the performance of a turbocharger with inner insulated turbine housing, compared with the standard turbocharger (same turbine wheel without inner insulation). Both turbochargers were tested on an engine gas stand test rig with a 2.2L prototype engine acting as an exhaust gas generator. In a steady state condition, the insulated turbocharger can achieve 5 to 14K higher turbine outlet temperature depending on the engine speed and load conditions. Three types of transient tests were implemented to investigate turbocharger turbine heat transfer performance. The test plan was designed to the engine warm up, step load transient, WLTC cycle and simplified RDE cycle. In the engine warm up test result, the temperature drops between the turbine inlet and outlet was reduced by 4K with the insulated turbine housing. In the results of step load transient test, the turbine with insulated turbine housing was observed to get only 4K temperature benefit but with 2kRPM higher turbocharger speed under the same turbocharger inlet and outlet boundary conditions. In the WLTC cycle test result, turbocharger average speed was increased by 0.8kRPM due to the increased enthalpy of the turbine with insulation, the turbine outlet temperature has an average 1.7K improvement. The experimental results were used to parameterise a simple, 1D, lumped capacitance model which could predict similar aerodynamic behaviour of the two turbines (turbine housing insulated and non-insulated). However, current model has less accuracy in highly transient process as the heat transfer coefficients are unchangeable in each process. The turbine outlet temperature got at most 10K error for the turbine with non-insulated housing and 13K error for the insulated one. The model was shown to over-estimate the benefits of the inner insulation for 1K in turbine outlet temperature.
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Mamalis, Sotirios, and Aristotelis Babajimopoulos. "Model-Based Estimation of Turbocharger Requirements for Boosting an HCCI Engine." In ASME 2010 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2010-35122.
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Turbocharged Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) has been modeled and has demonstrated the potential to extend the engine’s upper load limit. A commercially available engine simulation software (GT-Power®) coupled to the University of Michigan HCCI combustion and heat transfer correlations was used to model a single cylinder boosted HCCI engine including a phenomenological turbocharger model. The scope of this study is to explore the upper load limits of boosted HCCI operation and to identify turbocharger requirements for boosting the HCCI. The results of this study are consistent with the literature: Boosting helps increase the HCCI upper load limit, but matching of turbochargers is a problem. In addition, the low exhaust gas enthalpy resulting from HCCI combustion leads to high pressures in the exhaust manifold and increased pumping work. It is shown that loads as high as 17 bar NMEP can be reached at low engine speeds, when the intake pressure is 3 bar.
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Aghaali, Habib, and Hans-Erik Ångström. "Turbocharged SI-Engine Simulation With Cold and Hot-Measured Turbocharger Performance Maps." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-68758.
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Heat transfer within the turbocharger is an issue in engine simulation based on zero and one-dimensional gas dynamics. Turbocharged engine simulation is often done without taking into account the heat transfer in the turbocharger. In the simulation, using multipliers is the common way of adjusting turbocharger speed and parameters downstream of the compressor and upstream of the turbine. However, they do not represent the physical reality. The multipliers change the maps and need often to be different for different load points. The aim of this paper is to simulate a turbocharged engine and also consider heat transfer in the turbocharger. To be able to consider heat transfer in the turbine and compressor, heat is transferred from the turbine volute and into the compressor scroll. Additionally, the engine simulation was done by using two different turbocharger performance maps of a turbocharger measured under cold and hot conditions. The turbine inlet temperatures were 100 and 600°C, respectively. The turbocharged engine experiment was performed on a water-oil-cooled turbocharger (closed waste-gate), which was installed on a 2-liter gasoline direct-injected engine with variable valve timing, for different load points of the engine. In the work described in this paper, the difference between cold and hot-measured turbocharger performance maps is discussed and the quantified heat transfers from the turbine and to/from the compressor are interpreted and related to the maps.
Reports on the topic "Turbocharger"
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Maziasz, P. J., A. Shyam, N. D. Evans, and K. Pattabiraman. Cast CF8C-Plus Stainless Steel for Turbocharger Applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/983008.
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Bailey, J. M., L. M. Tolber, and M. Domingo. Electrically-Assisted Turbocharger Development for Performance and Emissions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/940378.
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Muth, T. R., and R. Mayer. Production of Diesel Engine Turbocharger Turbine from Low Cost Titanium Powder. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1040848.
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Muth, Thomas R., and Rob Mayer. Production of Diesel Engine Turbocharger Turbine from Low Cost Titanium Powder. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1042917.
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Maziasz, P., and M. Wilson. CRADA Final Report for CRADA Number NFE-08-01671 Materials for Advanced Turbocharger Designs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1164260.
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Wagner, Terrance. Advanced Gasoline Turbocharged Direction Injection (GTDI) Engine Development. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1253890.
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Davis, Ryan, Eric Monroe, and Anthe George. Top Ten Blendstocks Derived From Biomass For Turbocharged Spark Ignition Engines. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1762671.
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West, Brian H., Shean P. Huff, Larry G. Moore, Melanie Moses DeBusk, and Scott Sluder. Effects Of High-Octane E25 On Two Vehicles Equipped With Turbocharged, Direct-Injection Engines. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1470897.
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Thomas, John F., Brian H. West, and Shean P. Huff. Effects of High Octane Ethanol Blends on Four Legacy Flex-Fuel Vehicles, and a Turbocharged GDI Vehicle. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1185964.
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Gaspar, Daniel J., Brian H. West, Danial Ruddy, Trenton J. Wilke, Evgueni Polikarpov, Teresa L. Alleman, Anthe George, et al. Top Ten Blendstocks Derived From Biomass For Turbocharged Spark Ignition Engines: Bio-blendstocks With Potential for Highest Engine Efficiency. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1567705.
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