Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Turbulence atmosphérique'
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Rodier, Quentin. "Paramétrisation de la turbulence atmosphérique dans la couche limite stable." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30343/document.
Full textThe modeling of the stable atmospheric boundary layer is one of the current challenge faced by weather and climate models. The stable boundary layer is a key for the prediction of fog, surface frost, temperature inversion, low-level jet and pollution peaks. Furthermore, polar regions, where stable boundary layer predominates, are one of the region with the largest temperature rise : the stable boundary layer modeling is crucial for the reduction of the spread of climate predictions. Since more than 15 years, the GABLS models intercomparison exercices have shown that turbulent mixing in the stable boundary layer is overestimated by numerical weather prediction models. Numerous models artificially strengthen the activity of their turbulence scheme to avoid a laminarization of the flow at a critical value of the gradient Richardson number. The existence of this threshold is only a theoretical and a numerical issues. Numerous observations and high-resolution numerical simulations do not support this concept and show two different regimes : the weakly stable boundary layer that is continuously and strongly turbulent; and the very stable boundary layer globally intermittent with a highly anisotropic and very weak turbulence. This thesis aims at improving the turbulence scheme within the atmospheric research model Méso-NH developped by Météo-France and the Laboratoire d'Aérologie, and the operational weather forecast model AROME. We use a traditional methodology based on the comparison of high-resolution simulations that dynamically resolve the most energetic turbulent eddies (Large-Eddy Simulations) to single-column simulations. Several LES covering the weakly and the very stable boundary layer were performed with Méso-NH. The limits of applicability of LES in stratified conditions are documented. The first part of the study deals with the overmixing in the weakly stable boundary layer. We propose a new diagnostic formulation for the mixing length which is a key parameter for turbulence schemes based on a prognostic equation for the turbulent kinetic energy. The new formulation adds a local vertical wind shear term to a non-local buoyancy-based mixing length currently used in Méso-NH and in the French operational model AROME. The new scheme is evaluated first in single-column simulations with Méso-NH and compared to LES, and then in the AROME model with respect to observations collected from the operational network of Météo-France. The second part presents a theoretical and numerical evaluation of a turbulence scheme based on two prognostic equations for the turbulent kinetic and potentiel energies. In stratified conditions, the heat flux contributes to the production of turbulent potential energy. The laminarization of the flow is then limited by a reduction of the destruction of the turbulent kinetic energy by a better representation of the anisotropy and a counter-gradient term in the heat flux. On the simulated cases, this new formulation behaves similarly than the scheme with one equation for the turbulent kinetic energy because the self-preservation mechanism is not dominant compared to the dissipation term. Further research should improve the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation closure in the very stable regime
Diedhiou, Arona. "Étude des régimes d'ondes d'est et de leurs interactions avec la convection en Afrique de l'Ouest et sur l'Atlantique tropical." Paris 12, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA120055.
Full textBekhouche, Samira. "Étude de la dispersion de scalaires passifs : couplage de la GILTT avec des modèles de dispersion latérale." Paris 12, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA120059.
Full textThis work presents the thesis that dedicates to the problem of the dispersion of the pollutants in low and moderate winds. The aim is to evaluate the contribution of the semi-analytical models that appears recently (Moreira et al. , 2005a) for the characterization of atmospheric dispersion. Two approaches described in this work relates to the following : a) the comparison of the analytical semi models to other analytical models dedicate to the characterization of dispersion in low and moderate winds. B) the combining semi-analytical models with their profiles of crosswind dispersion in order to rebuild the plumes maximal concentration. During the comparison the semi analytical model derives from the GILTT (Generalized Integral Laplace Transform Technical) with parameterizations of the vertical turbulent diffusivity and the wind profile is confronted to two analytical models : the Gaussian model and the model of low winds of IIT (Indian Institute of Technology) of Delhi. During this evaluation it appears that the effectiveness of the semi-analytical models is comparable to the developed models of IIT intended for the characterization of dispersion in low winds conditions. This procedure is new and opened for new perspectives of the usage of this model type. Several tests of this new approach have been done in low winds conditions using the data bases of "Model Validation Tools Kits" and of EPA. It appears that this combining is an alternative of the characterization of atmospheric dispersion in low and moderate winds conditions
Réchou, Anne. "Structure turbulente de la couche limite atmosphérique marine (expérience SOFIA)." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30058.
Full textBrixon, Laurent. "Etude de la faisabilité, de l'analyse par sondage laser des perturbations induites par la turbulence atmosphérique sur les fronts d'onde, et de la correction des perturbations de phase au moyen d'une otpique adaptative : application à l'observation astronomique." Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX22030.
Full textSeychelles, Fanny. "Turbulence bidimensionnelle et convection thermique : système modèle pour étudier les évènements rares en turbulence atmosphérique." Phd thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00914007.
Full textFesquet, Clément. "Structure de la turbulence atmosphérique à proximité de la surface." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005520.
Full textBondeau, Christine. "Etude d'images perturbées par la turbulence atmosphérique : simulation et restauration." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOS076.
Full textMahjoub, Saïd Nejla. "Etude de la diffusion d'un panache issu d'une cheminée : application à la maîtrise de la dispersion d'un polluant." Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX22085.
Full textAbdoola, Rishaad. "Algorithmes pour la correction de la turbulence atmosphérique dans les nuages." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERS0007.
Full textHeat scintillation occurs due to the index of refraction of air decreasing with an increase in air temperature, causing objects to appear blurred and waver slowly in a quasi-periodic fashion. This imposes limitations on sensors used to record images over long distances resulting in a loss of detail in the video sequences. Three algorithms for the restoration of image sequences degraded by atmospheric turbulence are developed and presented. A comparative analysis of these algorithms is performed. The methods are capable of extracting a single geometrically improved frame or filtering an entire turbulent sequence. The extracted frame is generally sharper than that when utilising simple GFATR (Generalized First Average Then Register) or FRTAAS (First Register Then Average And Subtract). It also better preserves edges and lines as well as being geometrically improved
Buty, Didier. "Paramétrisation de la turbulence atmosphérique dans un code méso-météorologique tridimensionnel et non-hydrostatique." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10104.
Full textDalaudier, Francis. "Influence de la stratification stable sur la turbulence atmosphérique : une contribution expérimentale." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1986. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00304102.
Full textCaccia, Jean-Luc. "Télédetection de la turbulence atmosphérique par l'analyse statistique de la scintillation stellaire." Nice, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NICE4129.
Full textSchmitt, François. "Turbulence développée et multifractals universels en soufflerie et dans l'atmosphère." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066639.
Full textKellerer, Aglaé. "Assessing time scales of atmospheric turbulence at observatory sites." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077085.
Full textThe research brought together in this thesis is concerned with the distortion of astronomical observations due to atmospheric fluctuations. These fluctuations are especially critical for the technique of interferometry whose potential is here exemplified by the study of δ Velorum. The focus of the research is, accordingly, on improved methods to assess the changing viewing conditions at existing observatories, as well as to determine the suitability of potential observatory sites. Site-testing and site-monitoring missions are usually directed at the assessment of the Fried parameter with instruments such as the Differential Image Motion Monitor, DIMM. An estimation of the coherence time requires then, in addition, wind-speed measurements by weather stations. A more refined evaluation is obtained with instruments such as the Multi Aperture Scintillation Sensor, MASS, that measure the altitude profiles of the index structure constant, C 2 n, and the wind speed with a resolution of about 500 m, and infer the coherence time from the integrated turbulence profiles. The main error in the estimated coherence time results from the turbulence below 500 m altitude not being accounted for. To avoid these complexities, we suggest the direct measurement of a quantity proportional to the coherence time. The variance of the defocus velocity is a suitable option, because it can be evaluated through fast and continuous sampling of the atmospheric defocus coefficient. The concept of a Fast Defocus Monitor, FADE, an instrument using a small telescope, some simple optics and a fast camera is described, and first measurements are presented. The final aim is to use FADE for site monitoring and site testing campaigns. A particularly challenging and interesting project will be to monitor the coherence time at Dome C
Hallali, Ruben. "Variabilité de la réfractivité dans la couche limite atmosphérique par observation radar." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV083/document.
Full textWeather radars can retrieve refractivity changes based on phase variations of stationary targets. These retrievals provide valuable information of moisture in the atmospheric boundary layer along the radar path. Recent work on errors associated with these retrievals has shown that the refractivity variability is stronger during the afternoon and the summer season. This observation has led us to study further the link between the refractivity variability measured by radar and the small scales atmospheric fluctuations. First, we compared the variability of the refractivity retrieved from operational weather radars operating at C-band (5.6 GHz) to the variability of the refractivity directly measured by Automatic Weather Stations (AWS). A strong correlation between the two measurements was shown with a negative bias increasing with range from the radar. The bias is well explained when the variability signal is strong if one considers the model of a frozen turbulence transported by the wind. In winter, the measured variability was weaker and close to quantization noise of the AWS measurements, so it was more difficult to draw thesame conclusions. Overall, we were able to demonstrate qualitatively and quantitatively that the refractivity variability retrieved using the radar observations and measured by AWS stations is due to low-level coherent turbulent structures. Next, in order to obtain information at hectometre’s scales, a dedicated field campaign was conducted at SIRTA atmospheric observatory, near Paris. From June to September 2014 two radars (a 94 GHz W-band and a 9.5 GHz X-band radar) were pointing horizontally toward four corner reflectors aligned along a 700 meters line. Two wind and humidity high frequency measurement towers were deployed near the targets. Inter-comparisons between radar and in-situ refractivity measurement also showed a very good correlation. We finally demonstrated the possibility to compute radar refractivity on the path between two targets separated by 50 to 350 m and used this measure of the local variability of the refractivity to identify boundary processes linked to low level atmospheric turbulence
Petit, Cyril. "Etude de la commande optimale en OA et OAMC, validation numérique et expérimentale." Paris 13, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA132038.
Full textAstronomical imaging from ground-based telescopes is strongly degraded by the atmospheric turbulence. Adaptive Optics (AO) provides real time correction of the turbulence effects, increasing angular resolution. However, technological and fundamental limitations restrict the performance of AO. High dynamic AO (or eXtreme AO - XAO) and wide field of view AO(Multi-Conjugate AO - MCAO) have been proposed to overcome these effects. But control laws classically used in AO are unsuited for these more complex applications. The goal of this thesis is to investigate an optimal control law, in terms of minimum variance, on both theoretical and experimental grounds. This Linear Quadratic Gaussian typecontrol law is analysed and its implementation constraints are evaluated in terms of algorithms and models. We also propose to deal with additive perturbations such as vibrations, present on most systems. Finally, we present the first laboratory validation of this kind of control law in AO and on a simplified MCAO system. A huge gain in performance is brought by our control law compared to more classical ones. These results are comforted by numerical simulations. Performance of the LQG control on VLT-like MCAO systems is thenestimated thanks to numerical simulation. All these results confirm the significant gain brought by our approach and its flexibility to handle both complex wave-front sensing geometries and optimisation of the correction in specific fields of interes
Vérinaud, Christophe. "Correction partielle des effets de la turbulence atmosphérique en interférométrie optique : traitement des données et développement d'optiques adaptatives pour l'interféromètre G12T." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE5485.
Full textDelboulbé, Eric. "Simulation numérique des écoulements de couche limite atmosphérique autour de structures bâties." Aix-Marseille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX22070.
Full textVédrenne, Nicolas. "Propagation optique et correction en forte turbulence." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE4085.
Full textMulti-conjugate Adaptive Optics (MCAO) has been suggested in astronomy to increase the correction field of adaptive optics. The effects of atmospheric turbulence are stronger in case of near to ground observations: the correction field is smaller and diffractive effects of the propagation can no longer be neglected. The main purpose of this work is to study MCAO performances and limitations when the diffractive effects of the propagation are taken into account. We have considered an ideal configuration of two layers and two exactly conjugated dynamical mirrors. We show that MCAO may provide a good correction even if perturbations are strong. We observe that the limitation to a perfect correction comes from pupil truncation effects. They cause intensity fluctuations in the conjugated plane of the pupil. We propose a model of the point spread function which takes into account those effects. Concerning intensity fluctuations, we demonstrate that they can strongly affect wavefront measurement and therefore jeopardise MCAO systems operation. Finally, in the framework of the small perturbations approximation, we have expressed analytically the correlations between Shack-Hartmann data (slopes and intensities) as functions of the Cn² profile. This formalism is used to study anisoplanatism effects on wavefront measurement with a Shack-Hartmann operating on extended sources. We also demonstrate that it can be used to recover the Cn² profile by data inversion
Le, Roy Pascal. "Cascade inverse et dispersion turbulente en turbulence bidimensionnelle." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1988. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529772.
Full textKubwimana, Thierry. "Simulation de l'écoulement atmosphérique au voisinage d'une tête de tunnel." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEC023.
Full textThe design of a mechanical ventilation system in a tunnel requires to identify all the physical phenomena involved in the movement of the air in the tunnel. That is in order to establish the necessary ventilation capacities with regard to regulatory objectives. Atmospheric effects feature among the mechanisms likely to generate overpressures or depressions near the openings of a tunnel and consequently to induce or to modify the airflow established inside. This research work intends to contribute to a better understanding as well as a better consideration of the external atmospheric effects in tunnel ventilation studies.Experimental and numerical modeling have been completed. Wind tunnel tests were carried out in the atmospheric wind tunnel of the École Centrale de Lyon and used different techniques (PIV, hot wire anemometry, micromanometer) to measure the mean and turbulent statistics of the atmospheric flow in the vicinity of a tunnel. Time averaged (RANS) and filtered (LES) turbulence models were also used to simulate the atmospheric flow around a tunnel.The suitable representation of the unsteady turbulent atmospheric flow at the inlet of an LES computational domain remains an issue. During this work, we implemented a synthetic turbulence generator in the CFD code Fluent and, through comparison with experimental data, derived the optimal setup for the simulation of a fully rough atmospheric boundary layer.Thereafter, two tunnel configurations were studied by numerical and experimental means. In a first series of tests, the pressure field at the front section of a rectangular cavity was studied. The comparisons between the different approaches highlighted the influence of the geometry of the tunnel and the arrangement of the surrounding urban-like environment, as well as a better performance of the LES model in the description the turbulent flow. And in a second series of tests, we got closer to a realistic configuration and instrumented an open tunnel in which we could create an airflow directed towards the outside or the inside of the structure. The results showed a significant interaction between the atmospheric boundary layer and the three-dimensional wall jet from the tunnel
Wei, Xiao. "Experimental and numerical study of atmospheric turbulence and dispersion in stable conditions and in near field at a complex site." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1012/document.
Full textAn experimental program has been designed in order to study pollutants dispersion at a complex site with a focus on stable conditions, which are still challenging for numerical modelling. This experimental program is being conducted at the SIRTA site in a southern suburb of Paris and consists in measuring, in near field, the turbulence and the pollutants dispersion. The aim of this program is to characterize the fine structure of turbulence and associated dispersion through high temporal and spatial resolution measurements. Then, these measurements allow to validate and improve the performance of CFD simulation for turbulence and dispersion in a heterogeneous field. The instrumental set up includes 12 ultrasonic anemometers measuring continuously wind velocity and temperature at 10 Hz, and 6 photo-ionization detectors (PIDs) measuring gas concentration at 50 Hz during tracer tests. Intensive observations periods (IOPs) with gas releases have been performed since March 2012.First of all, a detailed study of flow on the site is made, because it must be characterised and properly simulated before attempting to simulate the pollutants dispersion. This study is based on two years of continuous measurements and on measurements performed during IOPs. Turbulence strong anisotropy in the surface layer is characterized by calculating variances, integral length scales and power spectra of the three wind velocity components. Propagation of turbulent structures between sensors has been characterized with velocity correlations. Energy spectra show several slopes in different frequency regions. Also, data analyses show impact of terrain heterogeneity on the measurements. The forest to the north of experimental field modifies wind velocity and direction for a large northerly sector. It induces a strong directional wind shear and a wind deceleration below the forest height. Numerical simulations are carried out using the CFD code Code_Saturne in RANS mode with a standard k-ε closure adapted for atmospheric flows and a canopy model for the forest. These simulations are shown to reproduce correctly the characteristics of the mean flow on the measurements site, especially the impact of the forest for different wind directions, in both neutral and stable stratification. Simulations results also show the directional wind shear and the turbulent kinetic energy increase induced by the forest. A sensitivity study has been made for various values of forest density and shows that the typical features of canopy flow become more pronounced as canopy density increases. Pollutants dispersion study are made for several IOPs. Concentration data analysis shows a consistency with previous measurements made in a near-source region where the plume scale is smaller than the large-scale turbulence eddies. Concentration fluctuations are characterized through concentration time series, histogram and statistical analysis. The internal subrange can be observed in the concentration spectra. Next, pollutants dispersion are modelled by transport equations for concentration and its variance. The mean concentrations show a good agreement with measurements in values for all the IOPs studied, except that the position of the concentration peak depends on the accuracy of simulated wind rotation below the forest height. The concentration fluctuations obtained from simulations seem to be affected significantly by the initial condition and the modelling of the dissipation term. A sensitivity study to the parameterisation is then presented
Forget, Pierre. "Étude de l'effet de la turbulence atmosphérique sur les vibrations éoliennes de câbles." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0034/MQ67267.pdf.
Full textVoyez, Juliette. "Mesures optiques de profils de turbulence atmosphérique pour les futurs systèmes d'optique adaptative." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00975076.
Full textForget, Pierre. "Étude de l'effet de la turbulence atmosphérique sur les vibrations éoliennes de câbles." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1998. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1088.
Full textBinet, Tarbé de Vauxclairs Renaud. "Synthèse d'ouverture active par holographie numérique : application à la correction de turbulence atmosphérique." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112033.
Full textActive synthetic aperture is a high resolution imaging technique that has been used successfully in the radar imaging domain (Synthetic Aperture Radar) for 30 years. This thesis deals with the application of this concept to optical wavelength. In active synthetic aperture, the movement of a small aperture is combined with some signal processing in order to create a bigger virtual aperture that enables an image resolution beyond the physical limits of the real aperture. The active synthetic aperture concept needs a coherent lightening of the scene with a laser as well as a coherent measurement of the retrodiffused wavefront. The major problem of the transposition of this concept to optical wavelength is to correct the phase noise that happens during the movement of the pupil. It has been experimentaly demonstrated that digital holography is a suited tool for the wavefront measurement because the phase noise can be mesured directly from the data, and therefore corrected. Several setup have been tested, and one is dedicated to microscopy. Another major inconvenient of active synthetic aperture is its high sensibility to atmosphere turbulence which severely affects the image resolution. A turbulence correction algorithm based on multiple field measurements has been proposed and validated by experimental data
Idé, Hassane. "Dynamique et turbulence dans la couche limite atmosphérique de surface sahélienne (expérience STARS)." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30124.
Full textBlein, Sébastien. "Observation et modélisation de couche limite atmosphérique stable en relief complexe : le processus turbulent d'écoulement catabatique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI023/document.
Full textThe stable atmospheric boundary layer, particularly in complex terrain, is not yet fully understood and it is thus still inadequately modelled. A surface cooling of a sloping terrain generates katabatic wind due to local density increase. This flow behaves as a wall-bounded turbulent jet, often simply modelled by a local balance between the buoyancy force and the turbulent friction. In mountainous regions, the wind maximum is typically observed at a height (z_j) of 1-10 m above the ground. The wall-bounded jet is responsible for a momentum-flux sign change and a heat-flux variability close to the ground. Those turbulent-flux variabilities are fully conflicting with the aplicability of the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory (MOST), which is nevertheless universally used in the atmospheric models to provide the surface boundary condition. If the MOST is already questionable for the very stable cases, it is obviously not valide over sloping surfaces because it neglectes the coupling of the wind and temperature equations, which constitutes the katabatic source. Hence, it is not possible to adequatly model a katabatic flow (z_j O(1m)) using the MOST, especially with a vertical resolution of the order of magnitude of z_j. The aim of the this PhD work is thus to improve the current understanding and modelling capacity of the katabatic winds.Since data sets of turbulent-katabatic-flow measurements are still scarce, a new field campain was carried out on a steep slope (20-40 deg): the west face of the Grand-Colon mountain (Belledonne ridge, French Alps). The experimental setup was mainly composed of a 6m mast with four sonic-anemometer levels (1, 2, 4 and 6m) to measure the turbulence on both sides of the katabatic jet. The spectral analysis shows the hight sensitivity of the local flow to external perturbations, even when these are weak. The hight-frequency subrange shows a classical behaviour (energy-injection frequency, inertial subrange), but the spectra of the intermediate and low-frequency subranges are less typical: turbulent perturbations with an energy of the order of magnitude of the local injection are present. A specific cospectra behaviour of the katabatic flows is shown: negative and positive cross-correlations overlap gradually, increasing z. The MOST fails in representing the observed flow and a surface-flux alternative estimation is succesfully used to describe the friction vellocity.The 1D surface model of ISBA (Météo-France) is modified to model katabatic flows. The model is firstly validated with a standard calibrated Prandtl model (with variable eddy difusivity). Secondly, the field data are modelled both with a prescribed effective diffusivity (from data) and using the 1.5-order turbulence scheme. The mean velocity and temperature fields are well reproduced, but it appears that the model is over-diffusive (which generates excessive fluxes), even when an adapted mixing-length is used.Realistic 3D LES simulations (Meso-NH, Météo-France) are computed with high resolution to model the field data. Spatial flow variabilities over sloping terrain are finely represented, but are biased, mainly due to the using of MOST for the surface boundary counditions. The using of MOST shifts the start of the katabatic source detection by the atmospheric model to a height of 2 m, while the katabatic source reaches its maximum at the surface. Analytical katabatic models (of the Prandtl type, which could be easily used to feed surface boundary counditions) need an "apriori" definition of the eddy and heat diffusivities. Currently, the general definition of these diffusivities is only possible by the use of turbulent models that include closures. The coupling of the previously-presented 1D surface model (validated off-line) is suggested to overcome the lack of physics description in the classic surface boundary counditions. Preliminary work on this coupling is developed and perspective solutions are proposed
Dipankar, Anurag. "Simulation des grandes échelles de la turbulence atmosphérique : application à l’étude de la propagation des ondes électromagnétiques dans la couche limite atmosphérique." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066029.
Full textIrbah, Abdanour. "Mesure des paramètres atmosphériques qualifiant les images en astronomie solaire." Nice, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NICE4006.
Full textBerdja, Amokrane. "Effets de la Turbulence Atmosphérique lors de l'Observation du Soleil à Haute Résolution Angulaire." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00270872.
Full textTozza, Jean-René. "Caractérisation de la turbulence atmosphérique par RADAR VHF et premières observations par RADAR HF." Toulon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUL0021.
Full textA lagrangian approach allows the turbulent diffusion coefficient and the lagrangian correlation time to be estimated from the expression of the VHP radar signal autocorrelation fonction. A measurement technique, using the beam broadening effect, allows the estimation of the correlation length of the refractive-index flutuations. The estimation of the following parameters are presented: turbulent velocity, aspect sensitivity and correlation length. An original beam forming technique is realized with only one antenna. The obtained 2D patterns and wind velocity estimation are successfully compared with those obtained with a classical technic using 16 antennas. A realisation of an HF radar (20MHz), as a sounding system of the lower neutral atmosphere, is presented for the first time. The preliminary resluts are discussed
Espana, Guillaume. "Etude expérimentale du sillage lointain des éoliennes à axe horizontal au moyen d'une modélisation simplifiée en couche limite atmosphérique." Thesis, Orléans, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ORLE2066/document.
Full textThe aim of this work was to study the far wake of horizontal axis wind turbines in wind tunnels. Aerodynamic phenomena within the wakes are very complex and, most of the time, they are studied from a steady point of view : the main parameters (wake deficit, production of turbulence...) are therefore time averaged. Nevertheless, studying the wake unsteadiness of a wind turbine located in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) enables the consideration of the meandering phenomenon, which describes random oscillations of the wake. The present work was constructed in two main parts : firstly the steady vision and secondly the unsteady vision of a wind turbine wake, modelled according to the actuator disk theory and placed in an ABL reproduced in a wind tunnel at a geometric scale of 1/400. Several parametric studies are presented in the first part : on the influence of the wind turbine’s operating point, of its mast height and also on the influence of the ABL characteristics. Wind turbines in yaw are also considered. The wake behaviour is then studied in different configurations and the limits of the empirical laws in the literature are highlighted, especially the lack of the ambiant turbulence intensity consideration. The second part focuses on the unsteady point of view, rarely considered until today. Using hot wire anemometry, the role of the atmospheric large turbulent scales on the meandering phenomenon is proven. The oscillation magnitude and the instantaneous wake dimensions are also investigated using PIV, which leads to quantitative results on the meandering characteristics
Darbieu, Clara. "Processus turbulents dans la couche limite atmosphérique pendant la transition d'après-midi." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30326/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the afternoon transition (AT) of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). This transitional period is complex, because it is non-stationary and most of the forcings, though smaller than during the previous convective period, may come into play. Thus, this transitional period is less understood than the quasi-stationary convective, neutral or stable regimes. Yet, the AT could impact on the nocturnal fog set up, influence the boundary-layer development on the following day and play a crucial role in the transport and dispersion of pollutants and trace species towards the free troposphere. Therefore, a better understanding of the AT could improve the meteorological models. One of the main objectives of the thesis is to improve the knowledge of the decay of turbulence during the AT, when the surface energy transfers are gradually decreasing. We especially put emphasis on the evolution of the ABL turbulence vertical structure. This work is in the core of the BLLAST (Boundary Layer Late Afternoon and Sunset Turbulence) international project. A field campaign took place in summer 2011 in France, on the northern side of the Pyrenean foothills (at "Plateau de Lannemezan"), providing numerous observations used in the thesis. In addition, we also used a Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) with which the turbulent scales can be explicitly resolved. Thanks to this approach, the evolution during the AT of the scale definitions, scaling laws, turbulence characteristics and of the role of the boundary layer processes are now better understood. Thanks to the set of observations, an overview of the BLLAST ATs has been done, according to the various meteorological conditions as well as the structure and evolution of the mean and turbulence structure of the ABLs. A large variability of the AT duration was observed, depending on the surface characteristics and atmospheric conditions. The evolution of the turbulent characteristics during the AT has been studied at the surface and higher in the ABL by means of aircraft measurements and LES data. The study points out the LES ability to reproduce the turbulence evolution throughout the afternoon
Gauthier, Alain. "Analyse d'une modélisation lagrangienne des panaches dans un modèle régional de pollution atmosphérique." Paris, ENMP, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ENMP0893.
Full textKabeche, Fadela. "Développement d'une méthode de détection de la turbulence atmosphérique par radar aéroporté en bande X." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS0049.
Full textWe focus on this thesis on the definition, development and evaluation of a method that we call DTCOR (Detection of Convective Turbulence by Radar). This method detects in real time the turbulent structures whose sizes are between 300m and 3km, using an airborne X-band Doppler radar. This work is realized in the frame of an industrial project whose goal is the development of a new concept of radar that would be implemented on the airliners. The technique is based on a variational formalism with physical constraints in order to obtain the wind field and its derivatives. This method is evaluated on two sets of data (radial velocities and reflectivities), the first one synthesized from analytical form representing the main features of these turbulent structures (wavelength and amplitude) and the second on real data from a campaign of airborne observations
Sadibekova, Tatyana. "Contribution à l'étude des sites astronomiques par modélisation et expérimentation in situ : application aux sites de la Silla et du Dôme C pour les télescopes géants du futur." Nice, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00271689.
Full textMy thesis was undertaken within the framework of the European Extremely Large Telescope project where the site characterization for the future large telescopes is the paramount goal. The very important factor for astronomical observations is the atmospheric turbulence. Several techniques exist to measure the various integral parameters and the vertical profiles of optical turbulence. In this context I analyzed the various atmospheric profiling techniques applied to two astronomical sites : La Silla one ESO site in Chile and also the Antarctic site of the Dome C, which as been of great interest for the astronomers during the past few years. Therefore, the feasibility must be extensively studied, and proceed through an objective analysis of pros and cons. In the first part of my thesis I review some important properties of Antarctic plateau. For understanding the seasonal behaviour of the atmosphere above
Lemaitre, Magali. "Étude de la turbulence atmosphérique en vision horizontale lointaine et restauration de séquences dégradées dans le visible et l'infrarouge." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOS023.
Full textAtmospheric turbulence strongly degrades image acquisitions on long distances. Turbulence properties and its effects on imagery are first recalled. Several simulation algorithms are then exposed, allowing to generate degraded images or sequences, according to the desired kind of turbulence. Some classical restoration methods are tested on images, giving satisfactory results only for a weak perturbation. A space-time processing method is tested on sequences. Results are satisfactory for visualization, but too much noisy for a digital application. This restoration method is adapted to a regularization to attenuate noise. The final suggested approach of restoration consists in amalgamating the two last results in order to obtain a restored image usable at the same time for visualization and a digital application
Bahlali, Meïssam. "Adaptation de la modélisation hybride eulérienne/lagrangienne stochastique de Code_Saturne à la dispersion atmosphérique de polluants à l’échelle micro-météorologique et comparaison à la méthode eulérienne." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1047/document.
Full textThis Ph.D. thesis is part of a project that aims at modeling pollutant atmospheric dispersion with the Computational Fluid Dynamics code Code_Saturne. The objective is to simulate atmospheric dispersion of pollutants in a complex environment, that is to say around power plants, industrial sites or in urban areas. In this context, the focus is on modeling the dispersion at micro-scale, that is for distances of the order of a few meters to a few kilometers and corresponding to time scales of the order of a few tens of seconds to a few tens of minutes: this is also called the near field area. The approach followed in this thesis follows a hybrid Eulerian/Lagrangian formulation, where the mean dynamical fields relative to the carrier fluid (pressure, velocity, temperature, turbulence) are calculated through an Eulerian approach and are then provided to the Lagrangian solver. This type of formulation is commonly used in the atmospheric literature for its numerical efficiency. The Lagrangian stochastic model considered in our work is the Simplified Langevin Model (SLM), developed by Pope (1985,2000). This model belongs to the methods commonly referred to as PDF (Probability Density Function) methods, and, to our knowledge, has not been used before in the context of atmospheric dispersion. First, we show that the SLM meets the so-called well-mixed criterion (Thomson, 1987). This criterion, essential for any Lagrangian stochastic model to be regarded as acceptable, corresponds to the fact that if particles are initially uniformly distributed in an incompressible fluid, then they must remain so. We check the good respect of the well-mixed criterion for three cases of inhomogeneous turbulence representative of a wide range of practical applications: a mixing layer, an infinite plane channel, and an atmospheric-like case involving an obstacle within a neutral boundary layer. We show that the good respect of the well-mixed criterion lies simply in the good introduction of the pressure gradient term as the mean drift term in the Langevin model (Pope, 1987; Minier et al., 2014; Bahlali et al., 2018c). Also, we discuss the importance of consistency between Eulerian and Lagrangian fields in the framework of such Eulerian/Lagrangian hybrid formulations. Then, we validate the model in the case of continuous point source pollutant dispersion, under uniform wind and homogeneous turbulence. In these conditions, there is an analytical solution allowing a precise verification. We observe that in this case, the Lagrangian model discriminates well the two different near- and far-field diffusion regimes, which is not the case for an Eulerian model based on the eddy-viscosity hypothesis (Bahlali et al., 2018b).Finally, we work on the validation of the model on several experimental campaigns in real atmosphere, taking into account atmospheric thermal stratification and the presence of buildings. The first experimental program considered in our work has been conducted on the `SIRTA' site (Site Instrumental de Recherche par Télédétection Atmosphérique), in the southern suburb of Paris, and involves a stably stratified surface layer. The second campaign studied is the MUST (Mock Urban Setting Test) experiment. Conducted in the United States, in Utah's desert, this experiment aims at representing an idealized city, through several ranges of containers. Two cases are simulated and analyzed, respectively corresponding to neutral and stable atmospheric stratifications (Bahlali et al., 2018a)
Paugam, Ronan. "Simulation numérique de l'évolution d'une trainée de condensation et de son interaction avec la turbulence atmosphérique." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01666360.
Full textDue to the rapid growth of commercial air traffic started in the 90's, the environmental impact of aircraft emissions has become now a topic of academic research and practical interest in the community of atmospheric chemistry modelers. The incorporation of these emissions into climate models is a difficult task because of the complex physical and chemical transformations occurring in the plume of the aircraft, and the large range of scales involved. The objective of this thesis is two-fold : the first one is to contribute to the elaboration of a new parameterization that models the effect of non-linear aircraft plume NOx chemistry on atmospheric ozone. The second objective is to evaluate the distribution of ice particles within the contrails in order to quantify their radiative impact. To this end, we developed a numerical model of the dynamical and microphysical processes of a generic contrail, from its early phase of formation up to its interaction with the atmosphere. It is based on the MesoNH model coupled with a specific microphysical module. In the late diffusion regime, we force the model simulation with a synthetic sustained turbulent flow that mimics the real atmospheric turbulence at the tropopause level. The contrail simulation was run up to 30 min, and the results are in good agreement with the available experimental data, which validates, a posteriori, the simulation strategy adopted through this work. Finally, it is concluded that our model is suitable to evaluate in the future the impacts of aircraft emission on the atmospheric chemistry and radiative balance
Primot, Jérôme. "Application des techniques d'analyse de surface d'onde à la restauration d'images dégradées par la turbulence atmosphérique." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112100.
Full textAlam, Boulos. "Modélisation numérique de la turbulence et de la dispersion atmosphérique par faibles vents en milieu urbain." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. https://www.biblio.univ-evry.fr/theses/2023/interne/2023UPAST179.pdf.
Full textThis thesis is situated in the context of atmospheric dispersion modeling, particularly in the presence of low winds. Atmospheric pollution sources, often located near the ground and influenced by complex obstacles, generate high concentrations of pollutants nearby, resulting in significant concentration fluctuations. Low winds, typically associated with stable atmospheric conditions, pose a specific challenge in modeling pollutant dispersion, requiring a thorough analysis of meteorological data and adaptation of prediction models. To address this complex challenge, the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is necessary, although further research is needed to validate its effectiveness in the near-field and in the presence of low winds. The Code_Saturne® software (EDF R&D) is selected due to its proven efficiency in simulating atmospheric pollutant dispersion. This thesis is divided into three distinct phases : the first phase focuses on the fundamentals of atmospheric dispersion, exploring the impact of various parameters such as the atmospheric boundary layer structure, atmospheric turbulence, and atmospheric stability. These elements play a crucial role in how pollutants disperse in the air. The second phase details the methodology used in Code_Saturne for conducting simulations, including the turbulence models employed and the criteria for evaluating these models. In addition to traditional isotropic models, this research investigates the use of anisotropic turbulence models to study dispersion in various contexts. The third phase of the thesis concentrates on the evaluation of different turbulence models and velocity-scalar correlations using observations conducted in urban environments under neutral and stable atmospheric conditions. Finally, the last phase of the research explores conditions of low and stable winds, typically characterized by wind speeds below 2 m/s and random wind variations. This phase examines the meandering patterns in pollutant dispersion and assesses the limitations of analytical and CFD models in predicting concentration in such conditions. To this end, a URANS model is developed and evaluated. Ultimately, a segmented Gaussian method is devised to compare the results with CFD predictions and field observations
Marulanda, Acosta Valentina. "Quantum Key Distribution through atmospheric turbulence : secure satellite-to-ground links." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS378.
Full textThe ever-growing demands of modern telecommunication systems in terms of data rates as well as the impending threat of the increasing computing power of modern computers, make the secure transmission of data an essential requirement and thus a very active field of study. Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows for the exchange of cryptographic keys whose security level does not depend on the complexity of a mathematical algorithm but rather relies on exploiting the properties of quantum mechanics cite{scarani2009}. Depending on the protocol, the key bits will be encoded either on the superposition of modes of individual photons, such as polarization modes, as is the case for the discrete variable protocols (DV) or they will be encoded into the quadratures of a very low flux electromagnetic field as it happens in the continuous variable protocols (CV). While offering security levels unattainable by classical means, QKD protocols in their terrestrial implementation are severely limited in distance reaching only several hundred kilometers because of the exponential attenuation suffered by fiber-transmitted signals. Since the amplification methods of classical optical communications repeaters are not compatible with a signal that is quantum in nature, and because of the current lack of technological maturity regarding quantum repeaters, satellite relays present an interesting alternative for the establishment of secure intercontinental quantum links. A study by Dequal et al. upon which a part of the present study is based on, examines the possibility of performing a continuous variable key exchange between a satellite and a ground station by proposing a modeling of the propagation channel accounting for the effects of beam wandering, a fluctuating atmospheric transmission and a fixed loss due to single mode fiber coupling. It is as an in-depth continuation of this analysis that this simulation study was initially developed. Taking into account in particular the effects of propagation through the turbulent atmosphere on the spatial coherence of the optical signal, as well as expanding on the protocols taken into account. Adaptive optics (AO) are able to partially correct some of the aforementioned propagation effects. A typical AO system consists of a feedback loop containing elements capable of measuring and correcting wavefront aberrations in real time and we will focus our efforts in analyzing the effect of such a system in the performance of several protocols of quantum key distribution under different scenarios
Darchy, Victor. "Propagation électromagnétique en atmosphère turbulente réaliste." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, École nationale de l’aviation civile, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ENAC0001.
Full textThe lower troposphere is the setting for numerous atmospheric phenomena that can disrupt the transmission of electromagnetic signals. In particular, atmospheric turbulence is a multi-scale phenomenon that has caused additional losses during the propagation of radio frequency signals over long distances. The objective of this thesis is to develop a realistic method for modeling tropospheric turbulence for 2D electromagnetic wave propagation. This work has led to three major contributions. First, an improvement of a quasi-exact method for generating turbulence based on numerical simulations of meteorological scenarios has been proposed. Next, two purely stochastic methods for modeling vertically inhomogeneous turbulence have been developed. Finally, the introduction of a local metric has highlighted the specific impact of vertically inhomogeneous turbulence, characteristic of the atmospheric boundary layer, on the propagation of an electromagnetic wave.Iterative "split-step" methods for solving the parabolic equation are widely used to model long-distance electromagnetic propagation. In these methods, the contribution of the refractive index is modeled by phase screens. In the case of a turbulent atmosphere, these screens are typically generated using the stochastic multiple phase screen (sMPS) method, which relies on a purely statistical, homogeneous, and isotropic approach to turbulence. In this thesis, we propose methods for generating phase screens that are more realistic and representative of turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer.The sMPS has first been adapted to the self-consistent framework of the split-step wavelet (SSW) algorithm used for modeling electromagnetic propagation. Three methods for generating inhomogeneous turbulent phase screens have then been introduced. The extended-LES (X-LES) is a hybrid method. Large-scale turbulence is directly generated from thermodynamic fields obtained by large-scale simulation of an atmospheric boundary layer. The observed behavior is extended to unresolved scales using an approach similar to sMPS. For this method, the extension to so-called sub-grid scales has been improved using a more recent method of extracting turbulence data. Two purely stochastic methods have also been introduced, relying on a posteriori introduction of vertical inhomogeneity of turbulence in the sMPS method. The LES-Kolmogorov method uses vertical profiles of the turbulent structure constant directly extracted from atmospheric simulations, while the Bump-Kolmogorov (BK-model) method approximates them with a parametric model.The introduction of a local metric, adapted to the study of inhomogeneous turbulence, has allowed for the comparison of the three methods proposed in this manuscript. The observed results show that, regardless of the method used, the effect of turbulence on the propagation of a wavefront is statistically dependent on altitude. Furthermore, the LES-Kolmogorov and BK-model yield equivalent results, suggesting that the parametric reproduction of turbulence inhomogeneity in the atmospheric boundary layer is a reasonable approach. Conversely, comparison with the X-LES method shows that a predominantly stochastic and Gaussian approach to turbulence leads to a statistical underestimation of the actual effect of turbulence on propagation. Finally, a parametric study based on the altitude of the source underscores the importance of accounting for the inhomogeneity of turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer for an adequate modeling of radio wave propagation
Voisin, Philippe. "Influence de la turbulence de la basse atmosphère sur la localisation d'une source acoustique." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ECDL0021.
Full textThis report is part of the study of the effect of atmospheric turbulence on sound propagation in the low atmosphere and of its influence (impact) on the localization of vehicles. In the course of experiments, the average and fluctuating meteorological magnitudes of the low atmosphere have been measured in order to have a better knowledge of the stability state and of the rates of thermal and kinematics fluctuation of the atmosphere. To this end, a thermal collector has been developed, capable of measuring the relative variations of temperature inferior to the tenth of degree and with a frequency below a hundred Hertz. This collector is composed of a thermocouple of type S developed by the IGE of Belfort and associated to an amplifier with a gain of 500 000 developed at ISL. The localization antenna is made up of two overlapping linear antenna, each composed of 8 microphones. The whole acoustic and meteorological data have been measured and recorded in situ. From this information, an average value analysis has allowed to lay out the vertical speed profiles of the wind and temperature by means of the Monin-Obukhov theory of similarity. In three different cases of wave refraction, these profiles have been used for a model of propagation based on the method of rays in order to calculate the sound paths and for a calculation code of the acoustic level (PE) allowing to know the propagation conditions of the wave between the source and the antenna. Then, the localization results have been analysed together with thermal and cinematic fluctuations results of the low atmosphere. A narrow relationship between the precision of the localization results and eigenvalues of the correlation matrix of acoustic signals has been established. The degradation of these eigenvalues is a direct consequence of the thermal and the kinematic fluctuation rate of the low atmosphere
Rafalimanana, Alohotsy. "Prédiction de la turbulence atmosphérique pour l'optimisation des liens optiques en télémétrie par laser et en télécommunications en espace libre." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COAZ4020.
Full textAccurate prediction of atmospheric and turbulence conditions are of interest for astronomical community and free space optical communications. The a priori knowledge of atmospheric conditions several hours before the observations allows to optimize the programmation of astronomical observations called "flexible scheduling". In the field of free space optical telecommunications, it can help to identify the optical ground station least impacted by turbulence and to identify when the optical quality of the atmosphere is favorable for transmission/reception. In this thesis, a numerical approach based on the Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with different optical turbulence models has been used. Optimization of the prediction by a "site learning" method has been performed, considering the importance of using local measurements to improve the turbulence model and better take into account the local specificities of a given site. This method has been tested at the Calern Observatory site, France. The results showed that the "site learning" brings an improvement of the prediction. Sensitivity studies to different model options were developed to define a standard methodology to obtain an optimal WRF configuration. This technique has been applied to the Cerro Pachón Observatory site, in Chile. Still in this quest to take into account the specificities of a site, we have developed a new experiment consisting of an instrumented drone to improve the prediction in the planetary boundary layer. Results of a measurement campaign carried out at the Calern Observatory are presented
Lambert, Dominique. "Structure moyenne et turbulente de la couche limite atmosphérique au dessus de l'océan (expérience SEMAPHORE)." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30178.
Full textGarcía, gago Ángel. "Développement de chaînes de modélisation numérique pour prendre en compte les effets de la variabilité à petites échelles du vent dans la simulation de la production électrique avec des éoliennes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ENPC0041.
Full textAtmospheric fields, and notably wind fields are known to exhibit extreme variability across wide ranges of space-time scales. This makes them complex to analyse, model and even to observe. Standard Gaussian tools are not able to deal with such variability and underestimate extreme fluctuations. However, the ongoing increase of wind power production in energy transition scenarios highlights the need to better characterize and simulate these fields.Multifractals are an appropriate candidate for this required framework. Indeed, they rely on the physically based concept of scale invariance retrieved from the governing Navier-Stokes equations. In this framework, fields are generated through a multiplicative cascade process, where activity is iteratively transferred from large scales down to dissipation scales, which is of few millimeters in the case of wind. In the specific framework of Universal Multifractals (UM) only three parameters with clear physical interpretations are needed to fully characterize the fields' variability. UM have been extensively used to characterize and simulate a wide range of geophysical fields such as wind, rainfall or river flow.In a first step of this PhD, realistic wind fields are simulated. First, UM analysis were implemented on high-resolution 3D anemometer data collected during the RW-Turb measurement campaign that took place over 2.5 years on the operational wind farm of Pays d'Othe. A good scaling behaviour between 4 s and 17 min was observed and trends of retrieved UM parameters were identified depending on average wind. Rapid changes are found up to roughly 4 m/s before reaching a plateau. Then wind fields are simulated relying on existing methods for continuous cascades. These tools are designed to facilitate the simulation of both scalar and vector geophysical fields, expanding beyond the constraints of one-dimensional scenarios. They offer the flexibility to extend their application to spatial, temporal, or spatio-temporal fields, providing a versatile approach to modeling complex vector fields. Four distinct wind simulation methods are implemented on the range of scales identified in the analysis. The first one entails the reconstruction of wind fields from point measurements using scaling laws, although it does involve certain oversimplifications. The next two methods, are both based on Fractionally Integrated Flux. One directly simulates wind fields, while the second is tailored to model wind fluctuations and reconstruct wind from there. Tools to simulate scalars (horizontal wind) or vectors for time series, maps or in a 3D space plus time framework were developed. Finally, fields were also generated using the commercial software Turbsim, developed by the US National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). It relies on Gaussian statistics which are know to exhibit limitations in capturing the true nature of wind fields. Simulation were analysed in 1D and 2D to confirm validity. It appears that observed wind properties are best reproduced by direct FIF simulations.Finally, the wind fields simulated are used to investigate the effects of small-scale wind variability on the wind turbine torque computation by imputing the simulated vector fields into three modelling chains with increasing complexity. The first one only considers the temporal variability, averaging the wind field and considering it at hub height. The second one is based on the angular moment definition and allows to consider both spatial and temporal variability by computing the torque at each blade point and integrating it along the radius for each time step. Finally, the third one uses the commonly used in research and industry software OpenFAST developed by the NREL. Overall similar features are observed for three types of simulated time series. UM analysis implemented on ensemble of simulations enabled to highlight a better ability of the integral method to account for the small scale wind fluctuations
Balde, Hambaliou. "Modélisation de la pollution atmosphérique de scalaires passifs par faibles vents." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EVRY0001/document.
Full textThe most intense air pollution episodes occur in situations of low winds. The air pollution models overestimate or underestimate the levels in these conditions, according to models of standard deviations (σi with i = x, y, z) dispersion which they are associated. This was highlighted in the irst part of this thesis where we evaluated the efficacy of five models of dispersal patterns associated with six standard deviations, using five international databases. In the second part, we have developed two models of dispersal standard deviations (S_LMEE_Ond and S_LMEE_Taylor) from experimental databases appropriate. It has been shown and for light winds, the wind speed is non-stationary and ischaracterized by rapid fluctuations (random or turbulent) and slow fluctuations (organized). Turbulent fluctuations promote mixing of particles within the plume and slow fluctuations leading to their horizontal transport. Models of deviations developed in this thesis seem more appropriate to study the dispersion of particles by low winds. The model is based on the module S_LMEE_Taylor average wind speed (V) and standard deviations of fluctuations organized (σu and σv). ARX models and multivariate autoregressive have been developed in MATLAB to predict these parameters with a 10 min and 30 min