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Journal articles on the topic 'Turbulent airflow'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Broumand, M., M. Birouk, and S. Vahid Mahmoodi J. "Liquid jet primary breakup in a turbulent cross-airflow at low Weber number." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 879 (October 1, 2019): 775–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.704.

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The influence of turbulence characteristics of a cross-airflow including its velocity fluctuations and integral length and time scales on the primary breakup regime, trajectory and breakup height and time of a transversely injected liquid jet was investigated experimentally. Turbulence intensity of the incoming airflow was varied from $u_{rms}/u_{g}=1.5\,\%$ to 5.5 % (where $u_{g}$ is cross-airflow streamwise mean velocity and $u_{rms}$ is the r.m.s. of the corresponding cross-airflow streamwise mean velocity fluctuation) by placing at the inlet of the test section a perforated plate/grid with

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Yang, Ying, and Yongchun Zeng. "Measurement and Comparison of Melt-Blowing Airflow Fields: Nozzle Modifications to Reduce Turbulence and Fibre Whipping." Polymers 13, no. 5 (2021): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13050719.

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In the melt-blowing process, micro/nanofibrous nonwovens are attenuated and formed through aerodynamic force in a turbulent airflow field. In this work, two types of airflow-directors were added under a common melt-blowing slot-die nozzle to obtain modified airflow fields. The effect of airflow-directors on time-averaged characteristics, turbulence intensity, and temperature fluctuation intensity are achieved through the simultaneous measurement of fluctuating velocity and fluctuating temperature using a two-wire probe hot-wire anemometer. Moreover, the influence of airflow-directors on fibre

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3

Xie, Sheng, Guojun Jiang, Baolin Ye, and Baoqing Shentu. "Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) Investigation of the Turbulent Airflow in Slot-Die Melt Blowing." Polymers 12, no. 2 (2020): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12020279.

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In order to explore the forming mechanism of the fiber whipping motion in slot-die melt blowing, the turbulent airflow in slot-die melt blowing was measured online with the approach of the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique. The PIV results visualized the structure of the turbulent airflow and provided the distributions of air velocity components (vx, vy, and vz). Moreover, the PIV results also demonstrated the evolutive process of turbulent airflow at successive time instants. By comparing the characteristics of the turbulent airflow with the fiber whipping path, the PIV results provi

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Husain, Nyla T., Tetsu Hara, Marc P. Buckley, Kianoosh Yousefi, Fabrice Veron, and Peter P. Sullivan. "Boundary Layer Turbulence over Surface Waves in a Strongly Forced Condition: LES and Observation." Journal of Physical Oceanography 49, no. 8 (2019): 1997–2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-19-0070.1.

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AbstractThe impact of sea state on air–sea momentum flux (or wind stress) is a poorly understood component of wind–wave interactions, particularly in high wind conditions. The wind stress and mean wind profile over the ocean are influenced by the characteristics of boundary layer turbulence over surface waves, which are strongly modulated by transient airflow separation events; however, the features controlling their occurrence and intensity are not well known. A large-eddy simulation (LES) for wind over a sinusoidal wave train is employed to reproduce laboratory observations of phase-averaged

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5

Xu, Zhanyang, Wenhe Liu, Tieliang Wang, Wei Yu, and Yuqing Zhang. "Simulation of Airflow in the Burning Cave of an Auxiliary Heating System in a Greenhouse." Transactions of the ASABE 61, no. 4 (2018): 1405–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12719.

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Abstract. In this study, numerical simulations of airflow were carried out in the burning cave of an auxiliary heating system. Experimental measurements were also conducted to verify the performance of the numerical model, and turbulent airflow in the burning cave was considered. The numerical simulation in the burning cave was performed for three cases:(1) with a baffle at the bottom of the burning cave entrance, (2) without a baffle at the burning cave entrance, and (3) with a baffle at the top of the burning cave entrance. The turbulent airflow was modeled using the realizable k-e turbulenc

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Buckley, Marc P., and Fabrice Veron. "Structure of the Airflow above Surface Waves." Journal of Physical Oceanography 46, no. 5 (2016): 1377–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-15-0135.1.

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AbstractIn recent years, much progress has been made to quantify the momentum exchange between the atmosphere and the oceans. The role of surface waves on the airflow dynamics is known to be significant, but our physical understanding remains incomplete. The authors present detailed airflow measurements taken in the laboratory for 17 different wind wave conditions with wave ages [determined by the ratio of the speed of the peak waves Cp to the air friction velocity u* (Cp/u*)] ranging from 1.4 to 66.7. For these experiments, a combined particle image velocimetry (PIV) and laser-induced fluores

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WEXLER, D., N. BAILIE, J. KIMBELL, G. GALLAGHER, and J. WATTERSON. "Nasal Airflow: Laminar and Turbulent Characteristics." Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 133, no. 2 (2005): P102—P103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2005.05.217.

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8

Alsved, M., A. Civilis, P. Ekolind, et al. "Temperature-controlled airflow ventilation in operating rooms compared with laminar airflow and turbulent mixed airflow." Journal of Hospital Infection 98, no. 2 (2018): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2017.10.013.

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9

Muscă, Gelu, George Mădălin Chitaru, Costin Ioan Coşoiu, and Cătalin Nae. "Numerical simulation of the flow into a circular pipe section." E3S Web of Conferences 85 (2019): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20198502005.

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Computational Fluid dynamics (CFD) is the science that evolves rapidly in numerical solving of fluid motion equations to produce quantitative results and analyses of phenomena encountered in the fluid flow. When properly used, CFD is often ideal for parameterization studies or physical significance investigations of flow that would otherwise be impossible to replicate through theoretical or experimental tests. The aim of this paper is the study of the turbulent airflow and how the vortices formed in turbulent airflow are influenced by the evolution of the hydraulic characteristics of the fluid

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10

Faust, Matthias, Ralf Wolke, Steffen Münch, Roger Funk, and Kerstin Schepanski. "A new Lagrangian in-time particle simulation module (Itpas v1) for atmospheric particle dispersion." Geoscientific Model Development 14, no. 4 (2021): 2205–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2205-2021.

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Abstract. Trajectory models are intuitive tools for airflow studies. But in general, they are limited to non-turbulent, i.e. laminar flow, conditions. Therefore, trajectory models are not particularly suitable for investigating airflow within the turbulent atmospheric boundary layer. To overcome this, a common approach is handling the turbulent uncertainty as a random deviation from a mean path in order to create a statistic of possible solutions which envelops the mean path. This is well known as the Lagrangian particle dispersion model (LPDM). However, the decisive factor is the representati

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11

Okiy, Karinate Valentine. "A Comparative Analysis of Turbulence Models Utilised for the Prediction of Turbulent Airflow through a Sudden Expansion." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 16 (June 2015): 64–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.16.64.

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The turbulent airflow in a circular duct with sudden expansion was investigated utilizing three turbulence models. The turbulence models chosen are: the k-epsilon model, the shear stress transport model and the Reynolds-stress model. The performance of the models was investigated with respect to the flow parameter-recirculation length. The turbulent kinetic energy and velocity predictions were compared between the turbulence models and with experimental data, then interpreted on the basis of the recirculation length. From the results, the shear stress transport model predictions of recirculati

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12

Mak, C. M., and D. J. Oldham. "The Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics to the Prediction of Flow Generated Noise: Part 2: Turbulence-Based Prediction Technique." Building Acoustics 5, no. 3 (1998): 201–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1351010x9800500304.

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In this paper an engineering approach is followed to investigate the feasibility of developing a method in which information provided by standard CFD turbulence models can be employed as the basis of an airflow noise prediction technique. To this end, experimental results obtained by previous investigators have been processed and compared with CFD predictions. The turbulence-based predictive technique investigated was based on the relationship between the acoustic power radiated due to the interaction of airflow and a spoiler and the turbulent kinetic energy generated in the region of the spoi

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13

Decker, Rand, and R. L. Brown. "Two Dimensional Solutions for a Turbulent Continuum Theory for the Atmospheric Mixture of Snow and Air." Annals of Glaciology 6 (1985): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/1985aog6-1-53-58.

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The equations of motion (continuity and momentum balance) for a dispersed, negatively buoyant particulate of snow entrained in a turbulent airflow contain apparent turbulent forces or turbulent particle buoyancies. These turbulent buoyancies arise from the constitutive assumption that the turbulent fluctuations of the snow phase velocity vector U’s, and the drift snow density ρ’s, are proportional to the deviatoric mean rate of deformation tensor for the airflow.For an established, discretized airflow regime, the momentum balance equation for the snow phase can be solved by finite difference t

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14

Decker, Rand, and R. L. Brown. "Two Dimensional Solutions for a Turbulent Continuum Theory for the Atmospheric Mixture of Snow and Air." Annals of Glaciology 6 (1985): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500009988.

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The equations of motion (continuity and momentum balance) for a dispersed, negatively buoyant particulate of snow entrained in a turbulent airflow contain apparent turbulent forces or turbulent particle buoyancies. These turbulent buoyancies arise from the constitutive assumption that the turbulent fluctuations of the snow phase velocity vector U’s, and the drift snow density ρ’s, are proportional to the deviatoric mean rate of deformation tensor for the airflow.For an established, discretized airflow regime, the momentum balance equation for the snow phase can be solved by finite difference t

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15

Allen, G. M., B. P. Shortall, T. Gemci, T. E. Corcoran, and N. A. Chigier. "Computational Simulations of Airflow in an In Vitro Model of the Pediatric Upper Airways." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 126, no. 5 (2004): 604–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1800554.

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In order to understand mechanisms of gas and aerosol transport in the human respiratory system airflow in the upper airways of a pediatric subject (male aged 5) was calculated using Computational Fluid Dynamic techniques. An in vitro reconstruction of the subject’s anatomy was produced from MRI images. Flow fields were solved for steady inhalation at 6.4 and 8 LPM. For validation of the numerical solution, airflow in an adult cadaver based trachea was solved using identical numerical methods. Comparisons were made between experimental results and computational data of the adult model to determ

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16

Hashimoto, Akinori, and Toshiki Takahashi. "Simulation Study on Indoor Pollen Removal with Variable Exhaust Angle of an Air Purifier." Key Engineering Materials 643 (May 2015): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.643.199.

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We calculate pollen grain trajectories in indoor airflow generated by an air purifier to investigate its pollen removal efficiency and effectiveness of the swinging louver at its air outlet. The air purifier has the directional airflow output vent on its top surface, and the elevation angle of the exhaust flow can be changed with time. The turbulent airflow field and particle motion are computed alternately. Since the turbulent calculation requires more computational time than the particle motion simulation, we need to accelerate the computation using graphics processing unit (GPU) to increase

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17

Colli, Matteo, Luca G. Lanza, Roy Rasmussen, and Julie M. Thériault. "The Collection Efficiency of Shielded and Unshielded Precipitation Gauges. Part I: CFD Airflow Modeling." Journal of Hydrometeorology 17, no. 1 (2015): 231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-15-0010.1.

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Abstract The aerodynamic response of snow gauges when exposed to the wind is responsible for a significant reduction of their collection performance. The modifications induced by the gauge and the windshield onto the space–time patterns of the undisturbed airflow deviate the snowflake trajectories. In Part I, the disturbed air velocity field in the vicinity of shielded and unshielded gauge configurations is investigated. In Part II, the airflow is the basis for a particle tracking model of snowflake trajectories to estimate the collection efficiency. A Geonor T-200B gauge inside a single Alter

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18

Falkovich, Gregory, and Alain Pumir. "Sling Effect in Collisions of Water Droplets in Turbulent Clouds." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 64, no. 12 (2007): 4497–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jas2371.1.

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Abstract The effect of turbulence on the collision rate between droplets in clouds is investigated. Because of their inertia, water droplets can be shot out of curved streamlines of the turbulent airflow. The contribution of such a “sling effect” in the collision rate of the same-size water droplets is described and evaluated. It is shown that already for turbulence with the dissipation rate 103 cm2 s−3, the sling effect gives a contribution to the collision rate of 15-μm droplets comparable to that due to the local velocity gradient. That may explain why the formulas based on the local veloci

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19

Karnell, Michael P. "Nasometric Discrimination of Hypernasality and Turbulent Nasal Airflow." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 32, no. 2 (1995): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1995_032_0145_ndohat_2.3.co_2.

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Agreement between nasalance measures and perception of nasality during speech is not consistently strong. A possible reason may be the complicating combined effects of nasal turbulent airflow and nasal resonance. The purpose of this preliminary study was to examine nasalance measures obtained during production of a low pressure speech sample designed to minimize or eliminate the effects of turbulent nasal airflow. The results showed that nasalance measures obtained as some of the subjects produced the new speech sample were significantly different from those obtained when the standard high pre

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Karnell, Michael P. "Nasometric Discrimination of Hypernasality and Turbulent Nasal Airflow." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 32, no. 2 (1995): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569(1995)032<0145:ndohat>2.3.co;2.

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21

Li, P. Y., D. Xu, and P. A. Taylor. "Numerical Modelling Of Turbulent Airflow Over Water Waves." Boundary-Layer Meteorology 95, no. 3 (2000): 397–425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1002677312259.

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22

Colaciti, Alysson Kennerly, Luis Miguel Valdés López, Hélio Aparecido Navarro, and Luben Cabezas-Gómez. "Numerical simulation of a radial diffuser turbulent airflow." Applied Mathematics and Computation 189, no. 2 (2007): 1491–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2006.12.029.

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23

Buckley, M. P., and F. Veron. "The turbulent airflow over wind generated surface waves." European Journal of Mechanics - B/Fluids 73 (January 2019): 132–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euromechflu.2018.04.003.

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24

Cornejo, Pablo, Nicolás Guerrero, and Vicente Sandoval. "Aerodynamic Dispersion of Respiratory Droplets and Aerosols by Turbulent Airflow." Fluids 6, no. 3 (2021): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids6030119.

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The precautionary measures recommended during the current COVID-19 pandemic do not consider the effect of turbulent airflow. We found the propagation of droplets and aerosols highly affected by this condition. The spread of respiratory droplets by the action of sneezing is characterized by the dynamics of two groups of droplets of different sizes: Larger droplets (300–900 μm) have a ballistic trajectory and can be spread up to 5 m, while a cloud of smaller droplets (100–200 μm) can be transported and dispersed at longer distances up to 18 m by the action of the turbulent airflow. In relation t

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25

Hao, Zong Rui, Juan Xu, Hai Yan Bie, and Zhong Hai Zhou. "Numerical Simulation of Three-Dimensional Unsteady Flow Field in the Cyclone." Advanced Materials Research 774-776 (September 2013): 258–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.774-776.258.

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Large eddy simulation to describe the turbulent flow of airflow field was used to calculate the unsteady turbulent flow characteristics in the cyclone. It funded that the tangential velocity in the cyclone profile behaved like rankine vortex, with the downward semi-free vortex of the outer layer and the upward forced vortex. With the increasing import gas velocity, the swirling strength of the center increased which reduced collection efficiency by clouding the dust particles in the ash bucket to the center airflow.

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Cauteruccio, Arianna, Matteo Colli, and Luca Lanza. "On Neglecting Free-Stream Turbulence in Numerical Simulation of the Wind-Induced Bias of Snow Gauges." Water 13, no. 3 (2021): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13030363.

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Numerical studies of the wind-induced bias of precipitation measurements assume that turbulence is generated by the interaction of the airflow with the gauge body, while steady and uniform free-stream conditions are imposed. However, wind is turbulent in nature due to the roughness of the site and the presence of obstacles, therefore precipitation gauges are immersed in a turbulent flow. Further to the turbulence generated by the flow-gauge interaction, we investigated the natural free-stream turbulence and its influence on precipitation measurement biases. Realistic turbulence intensity value

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Shang, Shanshan, Jianping Yang, and Chongwen Yu. "Numerical simulation of the airflow field in vortex spinning processing." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 6 (2018): 1113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517518758008.

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Three-dimensional numerical simulation of the airflow characteristics during the whole vortex spinning process, including the initial state of the yarn drawing-in process and the normal stable process, were obtained and analyzed. Spinning experiments, with the aid of a scanning electron microscope, were adopted to verify the results of the numerical simulation. The numerical simulation results show that the turbulence phenomenon in the normal spinning process is much more obvious than that in the initial spinning process; the air streamlines move orderly in the initial spinning process, which

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Nguyen, Van Thinh, Thanh Chuyen Nguyen, and John Nguyen. "Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Flow and Pollutant Dispersion in Urban Street Canyons." Atmosphere 10, no. 11 (2019): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10110683.

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In this study, we have developed a numerical model based on an open source Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) package OpenFOAM, in order to investigate the flow pattern and pollutant dispersion in urban street canyons with different geometry configurations. In the new model, the pollutant transport driven by airflow is modeled by the scalar transport equation coupling with the momentum equations for airflow, which are deduced from the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations. The turbulent flow calculation has been calibrated by various two-equation turbulence closure models to select

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Sun, Jielun, Larry Mahrt, Carmen Nappo, and Donald H. Lenschow. "Wind and Temperature Oscillations Generated by Wave–Turbulence Interactions in the Stably Stratified Boundary Layer." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 72, no. 4 (2015): 1484–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-14-0129.1.

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Abstract The authors investigate atmospheric internal gravity waves (IGWs): their generation and induction of global intermittent turbulence in the nocturnal stable atmospheric boundary layer based on the new concept of turbulence generation discussed in a prior paper by Sun et al. The IGWs are generated by air lifted by convergence forced by the colliding background flow and cold currents near the ground. The buoyancy-forced IGWs enhance wind speed at the wind speed wave crests such that the bulk shear instability generates large coherent eddies, which augment local turbulent mixing and verti

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Chan, P. W. "Generation of an Eddy Dissipation Rate Map at the Hong Kong International Airport Based on Doppler Lidar Data." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 28, no. 1 (2011): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jtecha1458.1.

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Abstract Turbulent airflow mostly occurs at Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA) when winds blow off the hills on the Lantau Island (with peaks rising to almost 1000 m to the south of the airport) from the east to the southwest. In a previous study by Chan et al., turbulence intensity in terms of cube root of eddy dissipation rate (EDR1/3) was measured directly using a staring lidar beam. This paper extends the previous study to calculate the spatial distribution of EDR1/3 (the so-called EDR map), with the ultimate goal of monitoring the turbulence over all of the runway corridors of HKIA us

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Liston, G. E., R. L. Brown, and J. D. Dent. "A two-dimensional computational model of turbulent atmospheric surface flows with drifting snow." Annals of Glaciology 18 (1993): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500011654.

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A physically based computational model of drifting snow in two-dimensional terrain is developed. The model considers the case where wind speeds are low enough to neglect the transport of particles from the saltation layer into the turbulent flow field. The model has two distinct parts, one describing the turbulent airflow, and a second describing the mass-transport process and resulting snow-accumulation patterns produced by saltation transport. The turbulent-flow model consists of a general solution of the time-averaged, two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations, where the k-∊ turbulence model

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Liston, G. E., R. L. Brown, and J. D. Dent. "A two-dimensional computational model of turbulent atmospheric surface flows with drifting snow." Annals of Glaciology 18 (1993): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500011654.

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A physically based computational model of drifting snow in two-dimensional terrain is developed. The model considers the case where wind speeds are low enough to neglect the transport of particles from the saltation layer into the turbulent flow field. The model has two distinct parts, one describing the turbulent airflow, and a second describing the mass-transport process and resulting snow-accumulation patterns produced by saltation transport. The turbulent-flow model consists of a general solution of the time-averaged, two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations, where the k-∊ turbulence model

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Uchida, Takanori, and Yuji Ohya. "Large-eddy simulation of turbulent airflow over complex terrain." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 91, no. 1-2 (2003): 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6105(02)00347-1.

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Tamura, Hitoshi, William M. Drennan, Clarence O. Collins, and Hans C. Graber. "Turbulent Airflow and Wave-Induced Stress Over the Ocean." Boundary-Layer Meteorology 169, no. 1 (2018): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10546-018-0359-1.

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Troitskaya, Yu, D. Sergeev, O. Ermakova, and G. Balandina. "Statistical Parameters of the Air Turbulent Boundary Layer over Steep Water Waves Measured by the PIV Technique." Journal of Physical Oceanography 41, no. 8 (2011): 1421–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jpo4392.1.

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Abstract A turbulent airflow with a centerline velocity of 4 m s−1 above 2.5-Hz mechanically generated gravity waves of different amplitudes has been studied in experiments using the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique. Direct measurements of the instantaneous flow velocity fields above a curvilinear interface demonstrating flow separation are presented. Because the airflow above the wavy water surface is turbulent and nonstationary, the individual vector fields are conditionally averaged sampled on the phase of the water elevation. The flow patterns of the phase-averaged fields are rel

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Zhao, Ling, and Zhong An Jiang. "Numerical Simulation on Effect of Obstructing Airflow by Different Outlet Parameters of Mine Air Curtain." Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (August 2013): 579–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.579.

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According to characteristics of air curtain obstructing airflow in mine tunnel, utilized turbulent flow dynamic viscosity method, and three-dimensional steady-state incompressible Navier-Stokes equations of computational fluid mechanics, the simulation of flow field in mine tunnel was made by changing outlet parameters of air curtain. The results show that the obstructing airflow capability increase with the increase of the outlet airflow velocity, the obstructing airflow capability decrease with the increase of the outlet width when the amount of wind is a certain value, the obstructing airfl

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Wang, Zhong Zan, Zhao Hui Qi, and Hui Tian. "LES of Airflow Distribution for CRH₂ Electric Motor Train Units." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.109.

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In the premise of parallel computing, large eddy simulation (LES) model was adopted to set up math formers for the characteristics of airflow origination in CRH2 Electric Motor Train Units(EMU) in this paper. The Smagorinsky-Lilly dynamic sub-grid model was adopted for fitting local turbulent structure and confirming benchmark model coefficient. Amended balance layer model was used to the wall functions. The temperature and velocity fields in the compartments were numerically simulated. Furthermore, area discretization adopted finite volume method. The results showed, adopting the method of en

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Shikani, Alan H., Elamin M. Elamin, and Andrew C. Miller. "The Shikani HME: A New Tracheostomy Heat and Moisture Exchanger." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 63, no. 9 (2020): 2921–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_jslhr-19-00107.

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Purpose Tracheostomy patients face many adversities including loss of phonation and essential airway functions including air filtering, warming, and humidification. Heat and moisture exchangers (HMEs) facilitate humidification and filtering of inspired air. The Shikani HME (S-HME) is a novel turbulent airflow HME that may be used in-line with the Shikani Speaking Valve (SSV), allowing for uniquely preserved phonation during humidification. The aims of this study were to (a) compare the airflow resistance ( R airflow ) and humidification efficiency of the S-HME and the Mallinckrodt Tracheolife

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Christenson, Terry N. "Active noise control in a duct with highly turbulent airflow." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 103, no. 2 (1998): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.421191.

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Zhao, Fu, Ping Wang, Yan Jue Gong, Yu De Liu, and Hong Bin Xin. "Airflow Simulation of the Huge Telescope Assemble." Key Engineering Materials 439-440 (June 2010): 880–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.439-440.880.

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With the three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics method, the airflow effects over the huge telescope assemble is investigated in this article. The distributing of velocity field and natural convection are studied by modeling and simulating the turbulent airflow of the huge telescope. Numerical simulations show the best observation direction is the 90o angle between the main optics axis and the horizontal line in which the air velocity distribution is the least. And the air temperature distribution and uniformity around the telescope are also provided by simulation.

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Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Tetsu Hara, and Peter P. Sullivan. "Turbulent Airflow at Young Sea States with Frequent Wave Breaking Events: Large-Eddy Simulation." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 68, no. 6 (2011): 1290–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jas3619.1.

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Abstract A neutrally stratified turbulent airflow over a very young sea surface at a high-wind condition was investigated using large-eddy simulations. In such a state, the dominant drag at the sea surface occurs over breaking waves, and the relationship between the dominant drag and local instantaneous surface wind is highly stochastic and anisotropic. To model such a relationship, a bottom boundary stress parameterization was proposed for the very young sea surface resolving individual breakers. This parameterization was compared to the commonly used parameterization for isotropic surfaces.

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Liu, Guan Nan, Feng Gao, Ming Ji, and Xing Guang Liu. "Numerical Simulation of the Cooling Effect by Air Conditioner and Spraying in High-Temperature Working Face." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 3575–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.3575.

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A multicomponent turbulent model of the airflow in working face was modeled.And the simulation result is compared with the measured temperature.The temperature of the airflow along the transportation channel of working face goes up,and the gradient of the temperature curve is flat.Then the low-temperature droplets are simulated by stochastic separated flow model.The interaction between grains and fluid are simulated by adding source terms in conservation equations.The temperature curves of the airflow under different cooling schemes are investigated.If the air conditioner is in front of the no

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Hahn, I., P. W. Scherer, and M. M. Mozell. "Velocity profiles measured for airflow through a large-scale model of the human nasal cavity." Journal of Applied Physiology 75, no. 5 (1993): 2273–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.75.5.2273.

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An anatomically accurate, x20 enlarged scale model of a healthy right human adult nasal cavity was constructed from computerized axial tomography scans for the study of nasal airflow patterns. Detailed velocity profiles for inspiratory and expiratory flow through the model and turbulence intensity were measured with a hot-film anemometer probe with 1 mm spatial resolution. Steady flow rates equivalent to 1,100, 560, and 180 ml/s through one side of the real human nose were studied. Airflows were determined to be moderately turbulent, but changes in the velocity profiles between the highest and

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Tanaka, Hiroaki, and Hirotaka Yabuki. "Laminarization and Reversion to Turbulence of Low Reynolds Number Flow Through a Converging to Constant Area Duct." Journal of Fluids Engineering 108, no. 3 (1986): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3242581.

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Airflow in fully developed turbulent state between two parallel plates was accelerated through a linearly converging section, and then it flowed into a parallel-plate channel again. The Reynolds number 2hum/ν was 10,000 and the acceleration parameter K in the accelerating section was 8 × 10−6. Fluctuations of streamwise velocity as well as time-mean velocity profiles were measured at ten traversing stations located along the test channel by a hot-wire anemometer. It was found that the flow, partly laminarized in the accelerating section, continued to laminarize in the first part of the downstr

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Zhao, Bo, Cheng Fu, Haitao Pei, Daxiong Liao, and Bo Zhu. "Study on the Effect of Oval Tubes on Airflow Turbulence Characteristics in Wind Tunnel." Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 38, no. 2 (2020): 303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20203820303.

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The flow Turbulence characteristics of finned oval tube heat exchanger used in wind tunnel were studied by using numerical simulation method. Firstly, the reliability of the numerical method was verified by the experimental results. And then the research was focused on the comparative analysis of the characteristics of turbulent flow downstream of heat exchanger under different inflow conditions, and the influence of the tubes number and fins spacing on the airflow turbulence and the flow field distribution downstream of heat exchanger were obtained too. The results indicate that oval tubes ha

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Sergeev, Daniil, Alexander Kandaurov, Olga Ermakova, and Anatoly Suvorov. "Validation of numerical methods for flow patterns modeling based on comparison with the results of laboratory experiments using visualization methods." EPJ Web of Conferences 213 (2019): 02072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921302072.

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A series of laboratory and numerical experiments were carried out to study the structure of the turbulent flow over a rectangular obstacle for high Reynolds number. The results of numerical simulation performed within ANSYS CFX were verified on data obtained in the wind tunnel of IAP RAS by visualization methods including Particle Image Velocimetry. It was found that the airflow over the obstacle can be conditionally divided into main several regions: the region of the initiation of the detachment and formation shielding zone, the region of the maximum vertical separation and vortex developmen

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Pulat, Erhan, and Hıfzı Arda Ersan. "Numerical simulation of turbulent airflow in a ventilated room: Inlet turbulence parameters and solution multiplicity." Energy and Buildings 93 (April 2015): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.01.067.

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Zhang, Xian Kui, and Tian Yi Liu. "Structure Design and Turbulence Simulation of Disaggregation Pipe in Dry Powder Inhaler." Applied Mechanics and Materials 220-223 (November 2012): 1727–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.220-223.1727.

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This paper provides structure design of the disaggregation pipe in active dry powder inhaler, to achieve the maximization of active pharmaceutical ingredient diffusing and disaggregating from its carriers, uses computational fluid dynamics method in CFX to simulate the turbulence in the structure, observes airflow velocity, turbulent kinetic energy and shear strain rate to evaluate the effect of diffusion and disaggregation and operate Lagrange particle tracking method in the structure to obtain particles’ superficial velocity, volume fraction and shear stress, providing a theoretical basis fo

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Zajac, David J. "The Nature of Nasal Fricatives: Articulatory-Perceptual Characteristics and Etiologic Considerations." Perspectives on Speech Science and Orofacial Disorders 25, no. 1 (2015): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/ssod25.1.17.

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Nasal fricatives (NFs) are unusual, maladaptive articulations used by children both with and without palatal anomalies to replace oral fricatives. Nasal fricatives vary in articulatory, aerodynamic, and acoustic-perceptual characteristics with two generally distinct types recognized. One type is produced with velopharyngeal (VP) constriction that results in turbulent nasal airflow and, frequently, tissue vibration (flutter) at the VP port. Trost (1981) described these as posterior NFs that have a distinctive snorting quality. A second type of NF is produced without significant VP constriction

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Fregosi, R. F., and R. W. Lansing. "Neural drive to nasal dilator muscles: influence of exercise intensity and oronasal flow partitioning." Journal of Applied Physiology 79, no. 4 (1995): 1330–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1995.79.4.1330.

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Our aim was to test the following hypotheses: 1) neural drive to the muscles of the alae nasi (AN) is proportional to nasal airflow and is independent of the overall level of central respiratory drive, and 2) the switch from nasal to oronasal breathing corresponds to the onset of marked flow turbulence in the nasal airway. Total and nasal inspired ventilation rates (VI) and the electromyogram (EMG) of the AN muscles were measured in seven subjects during progressive-intensity bicycling exercise. In separate experiments in six subjects the nasal VI corresponding to the transition from laminar t

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