To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Turbulentné modely.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Turbulentné modely'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Turbulentné modely.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Páleš, Patrik. "Rotace kola ve výpočtech externí aerodynamiky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231736.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the master’s thesis is an investigation of volume mesh quality, turbulent models and models of rotation and their influence on aerodynamic coefficients of rotating wheels. Mesh independence study and near-wall prism layer modelling are also of high importance. Subsequently, the appropriate turbulent model is used for research of wheel rotation on drag and lift on a front and rear axle of the vehicle compared to the stationary case.
2
Brol, Keila Belquiz. "Modelagem e análise de selos de fluxo aplicados a máquinas rotativas." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263055.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Katia Lucchesi CavalcaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T18:45:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Brol_KeilaBelquiz_M.pdf: 7087689 bytes, checksum: b81e96d33b1146da143fae0859da2363 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Resumo: O desenvolvimento de modelos matemáticos que visam simular as características operacionais das máquinas rotativas é importante para representar uma variedade de fenômenos expressivos que se manifestam durante a operação, para tanto é necessário a modelagem dos componentes que caracterizam o comportamento dinâmico do sistema. Este trabalho tem por objetivo determinar os parâmetros físicos que integram os selos de fluxo de folga fixa e angular ao modelo global de sistemas rotativos. As rigidezes e os amortecimentos são obtidos através da solução de equações governantes para líquidos escoando em selos anulares pelo método clássico das perturbações de ordem máxima um e a solução da ordem zero permite demonstrar a variação da pressão e velocidade para as equações de ordem zero. Os resultados obtidos foram validados com os valores apresentados pela literatura. O resultado deste trabalho poderá ser aplicado na modelagem global de uma máquina rotativa, de modo a tornar a análise mais completa do conjunto girante
Abstract: The development of mathematical models designed to simulate operational characteristics is important to represent a wide variety of expressive phenomena that manifest during the operation, and therefore it is necessary the components modeling that characterize the system dynamic behavior. This study aims to determine the physical parameters that influence the flow seals to fixed angles and variables in the global rotating systems model. The stiffness and damping are obtained by solving the governing equations for fluid flowing in the annular seals using the classic perturbation method of maximal order one. The zero-order solution allows to demonstrate the pressure and speed variation to zero order. The results were validated with the similar tests reported in the literature. This work results are eligible to be applied to model a global rotating machine in order to make a more complete rotor analysis
Mestrado
Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
3
Souza, Karine Cristiane de Oliveira. "Avaliação de soluções analíticas para escoamentos turbulentos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-12082016-162604/.
Full textAbstract:
A partir da solução analítica obtida para o campo turbulento gerado por duas grades oscilantes em fluido em repouso, considerados os casos de viscosidade constante e viscosidade variável, foram estudados escoamentos turbulentos complexos. A partir de proposta de equação governante linear ainda não publicada de SCHULZ (2003a), foram obtidas soluções promissoras e exploradas possibilidades de generalização. As equações em questão baseiam-se no modelo κ-ε. A ferramenta de trabalho no estudo das soluções teóricas foi o programa Mathematica. Embora essa ferramenta simplifique o trabalho mecânico decorrente da busca de soluções viáveis, vale lembrar que a construção do problema depende da criatividade do estudioso. Os objetivos propostos foram atingidos: reproduzir e ampliar os resultados para grades oscilantes de SCHULZ (2001). Adicionalmente, os equacionamentos governantes lineares mostraram possuir soluções compatíveis com a observação.From the analytical solution of turbulent field generated by two oscillating grids in fluid in rest, complex turbulent flows have been studied considering the cases of constant and variable viscosities. Promising solutions as well as some turbulence generalization possibilities were obtained considering SCHULZ\'s (2003) non-published proposal of linear governing equations. The solutions are based on the κ-ε model. The Mathematica program was used as a tool in the study of the theoretical solutions. Although this tool simplifies the work derived from the search for viable solutions, it is important to remember that the construction of the problem depends on the researcher\'s skills. The aims of reproducing and extending SCHULZ\'s (2001) model for oscillating grids have been achieved. Additionally, the linear governing equations have shown to have compatible solutions with the observation.
4
Neto, Severino Cirino de Lima. "Análise híbrida do escoamento turbulento em canais via modelos de turbulência de uma equação de transporte." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2006. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/5408.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T15:00:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
parte1.pdf: 3576583 bytes, checksum: 2028463a4df5689828411372ce4dd847 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2006-02-24Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The present work consists of a hybrid numerical-analytical simulation of the developing and fully developed turbulent flows inside a parallel-plates channel. The Reynolds equations for the mean flow are solved through the Generalized Integral Transform Technique (GITT) in the boundary layer and streamfunction-only formulations. For turbulence closure, the respectively one-equation turbulence models, and some of their variations, developed by Secundov (1972), Baldwin e Barth (1990), Spalart e Allmaras (1992, 1994) and Menter (1997) were employed. Despite of based on the eddy viscosity concept, as the well-known one-equation k-L turbulence model previously adopted in works that made use of the present hybrid solution methodology, such models do not need any explicit length scale, and therefore are more generals, but only one transport equation for the turbulent viscosity or for a variable directly related to the eddy viscosity. In this sense, some simulations for different Reynolds numbers and different turbulent inlet conditions were developed in order to, in function of the obtained results and the convergence studies of the main potentials involved in the simulations, develop a critically and detailed discussion of the main shortcomings and capability predictions of each turbulence model adopted, such as the non-asymptotic development of the longitudinal velocity component and the friction factor fields. As a consequence of the analysis type performed over each turbulence model investigated and, in addition, due to the excellent numerical quality of the obtained results, the present work extends and consolidates the very important role that the integral transform technique may play in the computational fluid dynamics field meanwhile hybrid methodology.
O presente trabalho consiste na simulação numérico-analítica do escoamento turbulento isotérmico, em desenvolvimento e completamente desenvolvido, no interior de um canal de placas planas e paralelas, através da Técnica da Transformada Integral Generalizada (GITT). As equações médias de Reynolds, escritas segundo as hipótese de camada limite são empregadas na formulação de função corrente. Para o fechamento das equações médias da turbulência foram empregados os modelos de turbulência de uma equação de transporte (e algumas de suas variações) desenvolvidos pelos seguintes autores: Secundov (1972), Baldwin e Barth (1990), Spalart e Allmaras (1992, 1994) e Menter (1997). Apesar de baseados no conceito de viscosidade turbilhonar ( eddy viscosity ), como o tradicional modelo de turbulência de uma equação k-L, anteriormente empregado em trabalhos que fizeram uso da presente metodologia híbrida de solução, tais modelos não necessitam de uma escala explícita de comprimento, e por isso são ditos mais gerais, mas sim, de apenas uma equação de transporte para a própria viscosidade turbulenta (ou uma variável diretamente relacionada à própria viscosidade turbulenta). Nesse sentido, foram simuladas algumas situações de escoamentos (diferentes números de Reynolds e diferentes condições de entrada turbulenta) e buscou-se, em função dos resultados obtidos e de estudos de convergência dos principais potenciais envolvidos nas simulações, uma criteriosa e detalhada discussão das capacidades de previsão de certas características inerentes ao escoamento (o pico da componente longitudinal da velocidade no centro do canal e a depressão do fator de atrito, durante o desenvolvimento do escoamento, ou seja, o comportamento não assintótico dessas variáveis no escoamento) por todos os modelos de turbulência empregados. Em função do tipo de análise oferecida sobre cada modelo de turbulência utilizado, e, em adição, da excelente qualidade dos resultados obtidos com o uso da GITT, o presente trabalho extende e consolida o importante papel que a técnica da transformada integral pode desempenhar no campo da simulação computacional, enquanto metodologia híbrida.
5
Šilhánková, Lenka. "Numerické modelování přepadu vody přes přeliv." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409722.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis deals with the numerical modeling of water overflow over the front spillway. The aim of the thesis is to calculate various types of turbulent models and to assess the overflow coefficient on a sharp front spillway. The model was created in free software SketchUp, but the modeling itself was carried out in FLOW-3D software. The content of the work is a description of used software, design and calculation.
6
Kacálková, Eva. "Numerické modelování hydraulických ztrát v potrubí ve 3D." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240044.
Full textAbstract:
The bachelor´s thesis deals with numerical modelling of energy losses in pipes in 3D. It shows the process of creation of mathematical model, used mathematical equations and numerical methods of their solution. The theory is applied on the creation of pipe model and their energy losses with using different turbulent models.
7
Nguyen, Dinh Duong. "Some results on turbulent models." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2020. https://ged.univ-rennes1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/c3bf8d92-25f2-4242-af95-a9625f7ab4a0.
Full textAbstract:
L'objectif de la thèse est double : d'une part la thèse propose de nouveaux modèles turbulents et leur analyse également. Plus précisément, sur la base d'une modélisation de turbulence de base, de nouvelles formes d'hypothèse de Boussinesq - qui prennent en compte la rétrodiffusion d'énergie - sont obtenues. Ensuite, des outils d'analyse fonctionnelle sont appliqués pour prouver l'existence et l'unicité de solutions faibles aux modèles proposés. D'autre part, le manuscrit donne le taux de convergence des modèles de $\alpha $-régularisation aux équations de Navier-Stokes. Plus précisément, l'erreur de modélisation est étudiée dans le cas d'un réglage périodique bidimensionnel de l'espaceThe aim of the dissertation is twofold: On one hand the thesis provides new turbulent models and their analysis as well. More precisely, based on basic turbulence modeling new forms of Boussinesq assumption --which take into account of back-scatter of energy-- are obtained. Then functional analysis tools are applied to prove the existence and uniqueness of weak solutions to the proposed models. On the other hand the manuscript gives the rate of convergence of $\alpha$-regularization models to the Navier-Stokes equations. More exactly, the modeling error is investigated in the case of two-dimensional space-periodic setting
8
Nathani, Arun. "A turbulent combustion noise model." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43102.
Full textAbstract:
A turbulent combustion noise model based on first principles is developed in this thesis.
The model predicts (1) the pressure time series, (2) Sound Pressure Level (SPL) spectrum,
(3) Over-All Sound Pressure Level (OASPL), (4) the thermoacoustic efficiency, (5)
the peak frequency, and (6) the sound power of combustion generated noise. In addition,
a correlation for sound power is developed based on fundamental burner and fuel
variables known to affect the acoustic characteristics of turbulent combustion. The
predicted pressure time series exhibits consistency with reality in that it has no steady
component. It also confirms speculation in the literature that the predominant noise
mechanism in open turbulent flames results from a "transition burning" phenomenon at
the flame front. The predicted Sound Pressure Level spectrum, Over-All Sound Pressure
Level, and the thermoacoustic efficiency are in excellent agreement with the results
available in the literature. The shifts in the peak frequency with basic burner and fuel
parameters are consistent with experimental observations from the literature. The disagreements
between the predicted and the observed exponents of fuel and burner parameters for sound power are shown to be well within the standard deviation of the
experimental observations. Certain areas for further analytical research on the combustion
noise mechanism are identified.Master of Science
9
Silva, Arianne Alves da. "Simulação numérica da estabilidade de escoamentos de um fluido Giesekus." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-23102018-160615/.
Full textAbstract:
Diversas aplicações industriais utilizam escoamentos de fluidos viscoelásticos, e em muitos casos é necessário saber se os escoamentos propagam-se no estado laminar ou no turbulento. Embora a hidrodinâmica de fluidos viscoelásticos seja fortemente afetada pelo balanço entre forças inerciais e elásticas no escoamento, o efeito da elasticidade sobre a estabilidade de escoamentos inerciais não foi completamente estabelecido. Neste trabalho, estuda-se o que ocorre durante a transição laminar-turbulenta, investigando a convecção de ondas de Tollmien-Schlichting para o escoamento incompressível, para um fluido viscoelástico, entre placas paralelas, utilizando a equação constitutiva Giesekus. Para isto, adotou-se a simulação numérica direta para verificar a estabilidade dos escoamentos à perturbações não estacionárias deste fluido. Experimentos computacionais para verificação do código foram realizados. Com os resultados numéricos obtidos, foi possível verificar e analizar a estabilidade de escoamentos utilizando-se o modelo não newtoniano Giesekus.Several industrial applications use viscoelastic fluid flows, and it is necessary to know if the flows propagate in the laminar or turbulent state. Although the hydrodynamics of viscoelastic fluids is strongly affected by the balance between inertial and elastic forces in the flow, the effect of elasticity on the stability of inertial flows has not been completely established. In this work we study what happens during the laminar-turbulent transition, investigating the convection of Tollmien-Schlichting waves for the incompressible flow, for a viscoelastic fluid, between parallel plates, using the constitutive equation Giesekus. For this, the direct numerical simulation was used to verify the stability of the flows to the non-stationary perturbations of this fluid. Computational experiments to verify the code were performed. With the numerical results obtained, it was possible to verify and analyze the stability of flows modelled by Giesekus non-newtonian model.
10
Maluš, Miroslav. "Komplexní model turbulence pro různé velikosti cel." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442416.
Full textAbstract:
This diploma thesis is about creating a program to model turbulent cells of different sizes on the chosen transmission path. The initial part of the work is devoted to the formation of atmospheric turbulence and the mathematical description of the extent of turbulence and its effect on optical waves. The methods of the turbulence generation and their physical description of formation are described below. The practical part is devoted to the created program in the MATLAB.
11
Thomson, D. J. "Random walk models of turbulent dispersion." Thesis, Brunel University, 1988. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5549.
Full textAbstract:
An understanding of the dispersion of contaminants in turbulent flows is important in many fields ranging from air pollution to chemical engineering, and random walk models provide one approach to understanding and calculating aspects of dispersion. Two types of random walk model are investigated in this thesis. The first type, so-called "one-particle models", are capable of predicting only mean concentrations while the second type, "two-particle models", are able to give some information on the fluctuations in concentration as well. Many different one-particle random walk models have been proposed previously and several criteria have emerged to distinguish good models from bad. In this thesis, the relationships between the various criteria are examined and it is shown that most of the criteria are equivalent. It is also shown how a model can be designed to (i) satisfy the criteria exactly and (ii) be consistent with inertial subrange theory. Some examples of models which obey the criteria are described. The theory developed for one-particle models is then extended to the two-particle case and used to design a two-particle model suitable for modelling dispersion in high Reynolds number isotropic turbulence. The properties of this model are investigated in detail and compared with previous models. In contrast to most previous models, the new model is three-dimensional and leads to a prediction for the particle separation probability density function which is in agreement with inertial subrange theory. The values of concentration variance from the new model are compared with experimental data and show encouraging agreement.
12
Darbyshire, Oliver Richard. "Modelling of turbulent stratified flames." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/247473.
Full textAbstract:
Due to concerns about pollutant emission combustion systems are increasingly being designed to operate in a lean premixed mode. However, the reduction in emissions offered by lean premixed combustion can be offset by its susceptibility to instabilities and ignition and extinction problems. These instabilities, caused by the coupling of unsteady heat release and pressure fluctuations can cause significant damage to combustion devices. One method of avoiding these problems whilst still operating a globally lean system is to employ a stratified premixed mode where areas of richer mixture are used to enhance the stability of the flame. In this thesis a computational modelling methodology for the simulation of stratified premixed flames is developed. Firstly, several sub-models for the dissipation rate of a reacting scalar are evaluated by the simulation of two laboratory scale flames, a turbulent stratified V-flame and a dump combustor fed by two streams of different mixture strength. This work highlights the importance of this quantity and its influence on the simulation results. Any model for stratified combustion requires at least two variables to describe the thermochemical state of the gas: one to represent the mixing field and another to capture the progress of reaction. In turbulent stratified flames the joint probability density function (pdf) of these variables can be used to recover the mean reaction rates. A new formulation for this pdf based on copula methods is presented and evaluated alongside two alternative forms. The new method gives improved results in the simulation of the two test cases above. As it is likely that practical stratified combustion devices will have some unsteadiness to the flow the final part of this work applies the modelling methodology to an unsteady test case. The influence of the unsteady velocity forcing on the pollutant emissions is investigated. Finally the methodology is used to simulate a developmental, liquid fuelled, lean burn aero-engine combustor. Here the model gives reasonable predictions of the measured pollutant emissions for a relatively small computational cost. As such it is hoped that the modelling methodology presented can be useful in the iterative industrial design process of stratified combustion systems.
13
Galera, Larissa 1990. "Análise da influência das características geométricas de selos de fluxo aplicados a rotores." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263035.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Katia Lucchesi Cavalca DediniDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T00:13:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Galera_Larissa_M.pdf: 7841610 bytes, checksum: b4caff2b3c8de6cf54d4ef086fd47585 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: A análise dinâmica de rotores visa prever o comportamento e identificar desvios caracterizados por meio das respostas dinâmicas do conjunto, fornecendo indicadores de mau funcionamento ou diagnóstico de falhas, e minimizando os riscos de paradas imprevistas no sistema. O estudo dinâmico de máquinas rotativas deve ser realizado considerando a interação entre os componentes envolvidos na sua construção, como por exemplo, rotores, eixos, mancais, selos de fluxo e estruturas de suporte. Os selos de fluxo causam forças de reação que podem ser representadas por coeficientes dinâmicos. Este componente é o principal responsável por diferenças entre um modelo usando apenas eixo-mancal e a vibração real do sistema, como por exemplo, em bombas centrífugas. Dentro deste contexto, este trabalho tem por objetivo a determinação dos coeficientes dinâmicos de três tipos de selos planos, sendo eles: cilíndrico, cônico e escalonado, os quais serão integrados ao modelo global de sistemas rotativos, de modo a tornar a análise do conjunto girante mais completa. A análise dos selos de fluxo será realizada utilizando o método de volumes finitos para determinar a distribuição de velocidade circunferencial e de pressão ao longo do selo, que caracterizam as forças de reação. Estas, por sua vez, podem ser representadas em coeficientes de rigidez, amortecimento e inércia. Além disso, será verificada a influência de diversos parâmetros geométricos e operacionais nestes coeficientes. A inserção dos coeficientes dinâmicos dos selos planos e a análise do conjunto girante, a partir do pacote computacional Rotortest®, permitirá verificar a influência desses tipos de selos no sistema rotativo, analisando como este elemento modifica as características do conjunto e como acopla o eixo à fundação
Abstract: The dynamic analysis of rotors aims to predict its behavior and identify deviations characterized by the dynamic response of the set, providing malfunction indications or failure diagnosis, and minimizing the risk of having unexpected halts on the system. The dynamic study of rotating machines must be conducted by taking in account the interactions between the components involved in its construction, such as rotors, shafts, bearings, fluid seals, and support structures. The fluid seals cause reaction-forces, which can be represented for dynamic coefficients. This component is mainly responsible for the differences between a model using only a rotor-bearing and the actual vibration of the set, for example in centrifugal pumps. In this context, this work aims the determination of the dynamic coefficients of three types of plain seals, namely: straight, tapered, and stepped seals, which will be integrated with the global model of rotating systems, in order to make the analysis of the rotating set more complete. The fluid seals analysis will be accomplished through the finite volume method in order to determine the circumferential velocity and pressure distribution along the seal, which characterizes the reaction forces. Those can be, in turn, represented by stiffness, damping, and inertia coefficients. Besides, it will be verified the influence of several geometric and operational parameters on these coefficients. The insertion of the dynamic coefficients of plain seals and the analysis of the rotating set in the computational package Rotortest®, will verify the influence of these seals on the rotating system, analyzing how this element modify the set's characteristics and the coupling of the shaft to the foundation
Mestrado
Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico
Mestra em Engenharia Mecânica
14
Gamel, Hervé. "Caractérisation expérimentale de l'écoulement et de la dispersion autour d'un obstacle bidimensionnel." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECDL0002/document.
Full textAbstract:
Depuis une dizaine d’années, l’évolution de la puissance des ordinateurs a permis de développer l’utilisation, dans les études d’ingénierie, des simulations 3D CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) pour l’étude de l’atmosphère à petite échelle, en particulier pour la dispersion de polluants sur des sites industriels et urbains complexes. Compte tenu de la complexité des domaines à étudier et des ressources de calcul généralement disponibles, ces études sont la plupart du temps réalisées à l’aide des modèles RANS (Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes), et particulièrement avec le modèle de fermeture k – e. Différents travaux de validation de l’approche RANS k – e ont mis en évidence quelques limitations à reproduire la dynamique de l’écoulement et de la dispersion dans des configurations géométriques complexes. Le travail de recherche réalisé dans le cadre de cette thèse a pour objectif une caractérisation expérimentale fine de l’écoulement et de la dispersion turbulente autour d’un obstacle bidimensionnel placé dans une couche limite de surface, afin d’évaluer la validité des modèles RANS en vue de leur application pour l’étude de la dispersion atmosphérique.Dans un premier temps, nous avons utilisé des techniques d’anémométrie à fil chaud, d’anémométrie laser Doppler et d’anémométrie par image de particules, pour déterminer le champ de vitesse dans une couche limite de surface rugueuse et autour d’un obstacle bidimensionnel de section carrée. Une attention particulière a été portée sur l’analyse des termes de l’équation évolutive de l’énergie cinétique turbulente (ECT) et sur la détermination de la viscosité turbulente vt. Différentes approches ont également été utilisées pour estimer le taux de dissipation e de l’énergie cinétique turbulente. Nous avons mis en évidence que ces différentes approches fournissent des résultats comparables dans le cas de la couche limite, tandis que seule la technique estimant e comme le résidu de l’ECT est applicable dans le sillage de l’obstacle. De plus, nos mesures ont permis d’évaluer les paramétrisations du modèle k – e et de montrer que la valeur du coefficient Cμ = 0.09 ne semble pas adaptée dans le cas de la couche limite, conduisant à une surestimation de vt, alors que cette valeur apparait plus adaptée dans le cas de l’obstacle. Une étude de sensibilité, portant la détermination de la constante σk du modèle k – e, indique une contribution non négligeable des termes de corrélation entre la vitesse et la pression dans le sillage de l’obstacle.Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons étudié la dispersion d’un scalaire passif, en mesurant les différents moments statistiques de la concentration, au moyen d’un détecteur à ionisation de flamme. Nous avons également déterminé les flux turbulents de masse, par un couplage entre les mesures de vitesse et de concentration, en prenant soin de contrôler les influences réciproques des deux techniques de mesure. Ces mesures nous ont permis de tester la validité de différents modèles de fermeture de l’équation d’advection-diffusion pour estimer les flux dans le sens vertical et dans le sens longitudinal. Nous avons également pu déterminer expérimentalement le coefficient de diffusivité turbulente Dt, nous permettant d’évaluer un nombre de Schmidt turbulent Sct, afin de mettre en évidence que la valeur Sct = 0.7 est adaptée à la majorité des zones étudiées, excepté dans la zone de recirculation induite par l’obstacle. Enfin, nous nous sommes intéressés aux différents termes de l’équation de la variance de la concentration et plus particulièrement à son taux de dissipation. À nouveau, les mesures nous ont permis de tester un modèle de fermeture disponible dans la littérature et de montrer la bonne cohérence entre le modèle et l’expérienceIn the last decades, there has been an increasing use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)simulations to evaluate the impact of atmospheric pollutants dispersion in within industrial and urban sites. Given the high geometrical complexity of these sites, these simulations are mainly performed adopting a Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach and using k−e closure models. As is well known from previous studies, RANS k−e simulations are affected by some limitations that prevent them correctly reproducing the dynamics of the flow and the pollutant dispersion in complex geometrical configurations. The aim of the PhD is to provide a detailed experimental characterization of the flow and the turbulent dispersion around an idealized two-dimensional obstacle placed within a boundary layer flow. This is subsequently used to analyse the reliability of RANS closure models as predictive tools for the atmospheric dispersion of airborne pollutants. Initially we focus on the flow dynamics of a boundary layer flow developing over a rough wall and in the wake of a 2D obstacle. The velocity field is investigated experimentally by means of different measurement techniques, namely Hot Wire Anemometry (HWA), Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) and Stereo-Particle Imagery Velocimetry (PIV). A particular attention was devoted to the estimate of the turbulent viscosity nt as well as of the terms composing the turbulent kinetic energy budget (TKE), including its rate of dissipation e which was determined adopting different approaches. These measurements allowed us to analyse the accuracy of the parameterizations included in a standard k−e closure model. Our analysis show that a value of the coefficient Cμ = 0.09 leads to significant overestimation of nt in a boundary layer flow. Conversely, adopting Cμ = 0.09 provides a good agreement between modeled and direct estimates of nt in the wake of the obstacle. As a second step, we studied the dispersion of a passive scalar emitted by a ground level line source. To that purpose we measured the first four order moments of the concentration probability density function by mean of a flame ionization detector (FID). Furthermore, the coupling of the FID system with the LDA or HWA system allowed us to directly measure the turbulent mass transfer, i.e. the correlation between velocity and concentration fluctuations. The combination of these two techniques was carefully analyzed, in order to quantify eventual mutual disturbances of one measurement technique on the other. The measurements of the velocity/concentration correlations allowed us to determine experimentally the turbulent diffusivity Dt and the turbulent Schmidt number Sct , and therefore to test the accuracy of different closure models of the advection-distribution equation. Our results show that the value of the turbulent Schmidt number is approximately equal to 0.7 in most of the domain, except in the recirculation zone on the wake of the obstacle. Experimental data provide also a complete description of the spatial distribution of the concentration variance, and of the term composing its budget (with a focus on its dissipation). As for the velocity field, we test the reliability of different closure model proposed in the literature of the turbulent mass transfer terms, enlightening the shortcomings of simple gradient-law closer models
15
Souza, Wanderley de Jesus. "Escoamento em regime turbulento aplicado à Irrigação localizada com microtubos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11143/tde-11022009-110254/.
Full textAbstract:
Realizou se a presente pesquisa, visando investigar e apresentar um método alternativo de irrigação localizada, com o qual se obtivesse baixo custo e nível tecnológico comparável aos métodos existentes no mercado. Para tanto, desenvolveu-se os modelos matemáticos UNIVERSAL e WSBOTREL, para dimensionamento de microtubos sob regime de escoamento turbulento, onde se inclui as perdas de carga no microtubo, perda de carga localizada e por energia de velocidade na saída do microtubo, sendo que os mesmos foram utilizados no desenvolvimento de um software em planilha de Excel, para projetar linhas laterais com microtubos de comprimentos iguais e variáveis. Os modelos foram avaliados com o dimensionamento de uma linha lateral de irrigação, e tiveram ótimos desempenhos, tendo em vista que os dados coletados proporcionaram vazão média próxima da vazão de projeto, com coeficiente de determinação acima de 98%, excelente uniformidade de distribuição, baixo erro médio absoluto e coeficiente de variação de vazão. Avaliou-se o comportamento da água sob diferentes pressões e temperaturas, e verificou-se que a variação da vazão foi quase nula para uma diferença de temperatura de 3,00 Kelvins. O modelo WSBOTREL foi empregado para projetar um sistema de irrigação, com a proposta de utilizar fertirrigação em mudas de laranja cultivadas em estufa. O sistema ficou sob avaliação durante 160 dias, sendo que no final do ciclo, não foi observado entupimento dos emissores, e, as plantas tiveram alturas e diâmetros do caule iguais às plantas irrigadas de maneira tradicional com mangueiras, conforme procedimento adotado pela empresa, com vantagem de economizar mão de obra e solução utilizada na fertirrigação. Dessa forma, pode-se dizer que o sistema de irrigação com microtubos em regime de escoamento turbulento se mostrou tecnicamente viável para utilização.The present work aims to investigate an alternative method of localized irrigation, with low cost and technological level comparable to nowadays equipments on the market. To do so, it has developed the mathematical models UNIVERSAL and WSBOTREL, for calculating microtubs diameter and length that would work under turbulent flow, where it is considered: head loss in the microtub and localized head loss at extremities. It was development software on a spreadsheet Excel, to design laterals lines with microtubs of similar and variable length. The models were evaluated for calculating the lateral line of irrigation systems, presenting great performance: collected data showed average discharge close to projected discharge, with coefficient of determination of 98%, excellent uniformity of distribution, low mean absolute error and variation coefficient of discharge. It was evaluated the behavior of emitters under different pressures and water temperatures. It was found that the discharge of variation was almost zero for a temperature difference of 3 degree Kelvin. The WSBOTREL model was used to design an commercial irrigation system, with the objective of making use of fertirrigation in nursery citrus plants (greenhouse). The system was under evaluation during 160 days. At the end of the growing cycle, it wasn´t observed clogging of emitters, and plants presented similar high and diameter of stem compare to the traditional irrigation method (hoses) according to the procedure adopted by the company, with advantage to reduce hand work and solution used in fertirrigation. The irrigation system with microtub under turbulent zone of flow was technically feasible to use.
16
Chabot, John Alva. "VALIDATING STEADY TURBULENT FLOW SIMULATIONS USING STOCHASTIC MODELS." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1443188391.
Full text
17
Miller, Teresa S. "Turbulent boundary layer models for acoustic analysis." Diss., Wichita State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/3933.
Full textAbstract:
An analysis of the three types of turbulent boundary layer (TBL) models for acoustic analysis is presented because current preferred models over-predict TBL contributions to aircraft interior noise predictions. The mean square pressure is a measure of the total energy due to the pressure fluctuations beneath a turbulent boundary layer. The single point wall pressure spectrum sorts the energy into frequencies. The normalized wavenumber-frequency spectrum sorts the energy into wavenumbers. The pressure fluctuations beneath a turbulent boundary layer are found by solving the Poisson equation. In this work, the Poisson equation is solved both numerically and analytically using data from an LES/DES simulation. The numerical solution uses the point Gauss-Seidel method and has reasonable results. The analytical solution uses an eigenvalue expansion method that is less successful. The empirical mean square pressure models predict a relatively large spread in the pressure fluctuation values. It is difficult to draw any meaningful conclusions on which mean square pressure model is preferred when compared to data from the Spirit AeroSystems 6x6 duct. The single point wall pressure spectrum models are evaluated and the two more modern models of Smol’yakov and Goody seem to perform the best. These models are also compared to data from the Spirit AeroSystems 6x6 duct. The spectrum at low frequencies rolled off similar to the Goody model. This analysis indicates that the Goody model is the appropriate single point wall pressure spectrum model for aircraft applications. Important features of the normalized wavenumber-frequency spectrum models are presented and can be classified as either separable or non-separable. Separable models in the Corcos normalized wavenumber-frequency spectrum model class tend to over-predict the response for a range of cases. Both the non-separable Chase 1 and Smol’yakov-Tkachenko models appear to match the M.I.T. low noise, low turbulence wind tunnel data throughout the range of comparison. The Smol’yakov-Tkachenko model does not lend itself to straight forward Fourier transforms needed by the acoustic models. But the Chase 1 model can be converted from wavenumber-frequency spectrum to the cross spectrum, so it is the preferred model for aircraft applications. Therefore, the preferred turbulent boundary layer models for aircraft interior noise predictions are the single point wall pressure spectrum model of Goody and the normalized wavenumber-frequency spectrum model of Chase 1.Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Aerospace Engineering
18
Pietarila, Graham Jonathan. "Regularizations as subgrid models for turbulent flows." Connect to online resource, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3273737.
Full text
19
Pastel, Leah Marie Pfeifer. "Turbulent noise sources in vocal tract models." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14724.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Elec. E. and M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1988.Bibliography: leaves 108-110.
by Leah Marie Pfeifer Paste.
Elec.E.and M.S.
20
Alathur, Srinivasan Prem Anand. "Deep Learning models for turbulent shear flow." Thesis, KTH, Numerisk analys, NA, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-229416.
Full textAbstract:
Deep neural networks trained with spatio-temporal evolution of a dynamical system may be regarded as an empirical alternative to conventional models using differential equations. In this thesis, such deep learning models are constructed for the problem of turbulent shear flow. However, as a first step, this modeling is restricted to a simplified low-dimensional representation of turbulence physics. The training datasets for the neural networks are obtained from a 9-dimensional model using Fourier modes proposed by Moehlis, Faisst, and Eckhardt [29] for sinusoidal shear flow. These modes were appropriately chosen to capture the turbulent structures in the near-wall region. The time series of the amplitudes of these modes fully describe the evolution of flow. Trained deep learning models are employed to predict these time series based on a short input seed. Two fundamentally different neural network architectures, namely multilayer perceptrons (MLP) and long short-term memory (LSTM) networks are quantitatively compared in this work. The assessment of these architectures is based on (i) the goodness of fit of their predictions to that of the 9-dimensional model, (ii) the ability of the predictions to capture the near-wall turbulence structures, and (iii) the statistical consistency of the predictions with the test data. LSTMs are observed to make predictions with an error that is around 4 orders of magnitude lower than that of the MLP. Furthermore, the flow fields constructed from the LSTM predictions are remarkably accurate in their statistical behavior. In particular, deviations of 0:45 % and 2:49 % between the true data and the LSTM predictions were obtained for the mean flow and the streamwise velocity fluctuations, respectively.Djupa neuronät som är tränade med rum-tids utveckling av ett dynamiskt system kan betraktas som ett empiriskt alternativ till konventionella modeller som använder differentialekvationer. I denna avhandling konstruerar vi sådana djupinlärningsmodeller för att modellera en förenklad lågdimensionell representation av turbulensfysiken. Träningsdata för neuronäten erhålls från en 9-dimensionell modell (Moehlis, Faisst och Eckhardt [29]) för olika Fourier-moder i ett skärskikt. Dessa moder har ändamålsenligt valts för att avbilda de turbulenta strukturerna i regionen nära väggen. Amplitudernas tidsserier för dessa moder beskriver fullständigt flödesutvecklingen, och tränade djupinlärningsmodeller används för att förutsäga dessa tidsserier baserat på en kort indatasekvens. Två fundamentalt olika neuronätsarkitekturer, nämligen flerlagerperceptroner (MLP) och långa närminnesnätverk (LSTM), jämförs kvantitativt i denna avhandling. Utvärderingen av dessa arkitekturer är baserad på (i) hur väl deras förutsägelser presterar jämfört med den 9-dimensionella modellen, (ii) förutsägelsernas förmåga att avbilda turbulensstrukturerna nära väggar och (iii) den statistiska överensstämmelsen mellan nätverkets förutsägelser och testdatan. Det visas att LSTM gör förutsägelser med ett fel på ungefär fyra storleksordningar lägre än för MLP. Vidare, är strömningsfälten som är konstruerade från LSTM-förutsägelser anmärkningsvärt noggranna i deras statistiska beteende. I synnerhet uppmättes avvikelser mellan de sanna- och förutsagda värdena för det genomsnittliga flödet till 0; 45 %, och för de strömvisa hastighetsfluktionerna till 2; 49 %.
21
Alves, Ivan Paulo Marques. "Derivação de coeficientes de difusão turbulenta em condições de vento norte: aplicação em um modelo analítico euleriano de dispersão de poluentes." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3905.
Full textAbstract:
The advection-diffusion equation has been extensively used in air pollution models to simulate mean contaminant concentrations in the planetary boundary layer (PBL). Therefore, in a Eulerian framework, it is possible to theoretically model the dispersion from a continuous point source, given adequate boundary and initial conditions and the knowledge of the mean wind velocity and turbulent concentration fluxes. The choice of an appropriate parameterization for such fluxes plays an important role in the performance of air quality dispersion models based on the advection-diffusion equation. As a consequence, much of the turbulent dispersion research is associated with the specification of these fluxes. The most commonly used approximation for closing the advection-diffusion equation is to relate the turbulent concentration fluxes to mean concentration gradients through the use of eddy diffusivities, which carry within them the physical structure of the turbulent transport phenomenon. For a continuous point source the eddy diffusivities may vary spatially and temporally along the contaminant travel time. Taylor s statistical diffusion theory (1921) determines that the turbulent dispersion depends on the distance from a continuous point source. In the proximity of the source, the fluid particles tend to preserve the memory from their initial turbulent environment. For long travel times, this memory is lost, and the motion of the particles depends only on the local turbulence properties (BATCHELOR, 1949).The aim of the present study is to present a new formulation for the eddy diffusivities in terms of the distance from the source in an inhomogeneous, shear-generated turbulence. The proposition is based on expressions for the turbulent velocity spectra and the statistical diffusion theory. These eddy diffusivities, derived for neutral conditions are described by a complex integral formulation that must be numerically solved. An additional aim of this work is to obtain a simple algebraic expression for the eddy diffusivities in a neutral PBL as a function of the turbulence properties (inhomogeneous turbulence) and the distance from the source. Therefore, the hypothesis to be tested in this study is whether the complex integral formulation for eddy diffusivities can be expressed (substituted) by a simpler algebraic expression. Finally, to investigate the influence of the memory effect in the turbulent dispersion process, a vertical eddy diffusivity is evaluated as a function of the distance from the source against its asymptotic limit employing an Eulerian air pollution model and atmospheric dispersion experiments that were carried out in strong wind conditions.A equação de difusão-advecção tem sido amplamente utilizada em modelos de poluição do ar para simular as concentrações médias de contaminantes na camada limite planetária (CLP). Portanto, seguindo uma formulação Euleriana, é possível construir um modelo teórico de dispersão de uma fonte pontual contínua a partir de um limite adequado, de condições iniciais e do conhecimento da velocidade média do vento e dos fluxos turbulentos de concentração. A escolha de uma parametrização apropriada para estes fluxos desempenha um papel importante em modelos de dispersão e de qualidade do ar que se baseiam na equação de difusão-advecção. Como consequência, muitas das pesquisas em dispersão turbulenta estão relacionadas com a especificação destes fluxos. A aproximação mais comumente usada para fechar a equação de difusão-advecção relaciona os fluxos turbulentos de concentração com os gradientes de concentração média através do uso de coeficientes de difusão. Estes carregam em si a estrutura física do fenômeno de transporte turbulento. Para uma fonte pontual contínua, tais coeficientes podem variar espacialmente e temporalmente ao longo da viagem dos contaminantes. A teoria de difusão estatística de Taylor (1921) determina que a dispersão turbulenta dependa da distancia de uma fonte pontual continua. Na proximidade da fonte, as partículas de fluído mantêm a memória do seu ambiente inicial turbulento. Para longos tempos de viagem, essa memória se perde, e o movimento das partículas segue apenas as propriedades locais de turbulência (BATCHELOR, 1949). O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar uma nova formulação para os coeficientes de difusão assintóticos e em função da distância da fonte para turbulência não-homogênea. A proposição se baseia em expressões dos espectros de energia cinética turbulenta e na teoria da difusão estatística. Estes coeficientes de difusão função da posição, derivados de condições neutras, são descritos por uma formulação complexa integral que deve ser resolvida numericamente. Um objetivo adicional neste trabalho é a derivação de uma expressão algébrica simples para os coeficientes de difusão, em função das propriedades da turbulência (turbulência não-homogênea) e da distância da fonte. A hipótese a ser testada neste estudo é se a formulação complexa integral para os coeficientes de difusão pode ser substituída por uma simples solução algébrica. Para investigar a influência do efeito de memória no processo de dispersão turbulenta, a difusividade vertical é avaliada em função da distância da fonte contra o seu limite assintótico. Para tanto, se utiliza um modelo Euleriano de poluição do ar cujos resultados são comparados com experimentos de dispersão atmosférica que foram realizados em condições de vento forte.
22
Watteaux, Romain. "Détection des grandes structures turbulentes dans les couches de mélange de type Rayleigh-Taylor en vue de la validation de modèles statistiques turbulents bi-structure." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00669707.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse a pour objectif de détecter les structures turbulentes aux grandes échelles présentes dans une couche de mélange de type Rayleigh-Taylor incompressible à faible nombre d'Atwood. Diverses grandeurs statistiques conditionnées par la présence de ces structures ont été obtenues, et il est désormais possible de les comparer avec les résultats des modèles statistiques turbulents dits bi-structure, tel le modèle 2SFK développé au CEA. Afin de réaliser les simulations numériques directes du mélange turbulent, un code numérique tridimensionnel incompressible à densité variable a été développé. Ce code a été parallélisé dans les trois directions. Plusieurs méthodes de détection de structure ont été conçues et testées. Bien que toutes ces méthodes présentent différents intérêts, seule la plus efficace vis-à-vis de nos critères de détection a été gardée pour faire des simulations à forte résolution (plus d'un milliard de mailles, 1024^3). Un filtrage temporel de la vitesse verticale est utilisé dans cette méthode de détection afin de : 1) corriger les distorsions dues aux points d'arrêt et zones de recirculation dans l'écoulement, 2) minimiser l'effet de la turbulence aux petites échelles et mieux mettre en évidence les grandes échelles, 3) introduire un effet mémoire permettant de prolonger la bimodalité du champ de détection depuis les zones laminaires extérieures jusqu'au centre de la zone de mélange turbulent. Plusieurs simulations numériques directes 1024^3 ont été effectuées. Les résultats viennent conforter ceux obtenus avec le modèle bi-structure 2SFK et justifient une étude plus poussée des grandeurs statistiques en vue de sa validation.
23
Chandra, Laltu. "A model for the turbulent diffusion of turbulent kinetic energy in natural convection." Karlsruhe : FZKA, 2005. http://bibliothek.fzk.de/zb/berichte/FZKA7158.pdf.
Full text
24
Gong, W. "Turbulent flow and dispersion over model hills." Thesis, University of Reading, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374878.
Full text
25
Deshmukh, Rohit. "Model Order Reduction of Incompressible Turbulent Flows." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1471618549.
Full text
26
Weiss, Maximilian. "Untersuchung von Flammenfrontstreckungseffekten auf die sphärische Flammenausbreitung laminarer und turbulenter Brennstoff/Luft-Gemische." Karlsruhe Univ.-Verl. Karlsruhe, 2008. http://d-nb.info/991816218/04.
Full text
27
Etancelin, Jean-Matthieu. "Couplage de modèles, algorithmes multi-échelles et calcul hybride." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENM072/document.
Full textAbstract:
Dans cette thèse nous explorons les possibilités offertes par l'implémentation de méthodes hybrides sur des machines de calcul hétérogènes dans le but de réaliser des simulations numériques de problèmes multiéchelles. La méthode hybride consiste à coupler des méthodes de diverses natures pour résoudre les différents aspects physiques et numériques des problèmes considérés. Elle repose sur une méthode particulaire avec remaillage qui combine les avantages des méthodes Lagrangiennes et Eulériennes. Les particules sont déplacées selon le champ de vitesse puis remaillées à chaque itération sur une grille en utilisant des formules de remaillage d'ordre élevés. Cette méthode semi-Lagrangienne bénéficie des avantages du maillage régulier mais n'est pas contrainte par une condition de CFL.Nous construisons une classe de méthodes d'ordre élevé pour lesquelles les preuves de convergence sont obtenues sous la seule contrainte de stabilité telle que les trajectoires des particules ne se croisent pas.Dans un contexte de calcul à haute performances, le développement du code de calcul a été axé sur la portabilité afin de supporter l'évolution rapide des architectures et leur nature hétérogène. Une étude des performances numériques de l'implémentation GPU de la méthode pour la résolution d'équations de transport est réalisée puis étendue au cas multi-GPU. La méthode hybride est appliquée à la simulation du transport d'un scalaire passif dans un écoulement turbulent 3D. Les deux sous-problèmes que sont l'écoulement turbulent et le transport du scalaire sont résolus simultanément sur des architectures multi-CPU et multi-GPUIn this work, we investigate the implementation of hybrid methods on heterogeneous computers in order to achieve numerical simulations of multi-scale problems. The hybrid numerical method consists of coupling methods of different natures to solve the physical and numerical characteristics of the problem. It is based on a remeshed particle method that combines the advantages of Lagrangian and Eulerian methods. Particles are pushed by local velocities and remeshed at every time-step on a grid using high order interpolation formulas. This forward semi-lagrangian method takes advantage of the regular mesh on which particles are reinitialized but is not limited by CFL conditions.We derive a class of high order methods for which we are able to prove convergence results under the sole stability constraint that particle trajectories do not intersect.In the context of high performance computing, a strong portability constraint is applied to the code development in order to handle the rapid evolution of architectures and their heterogeneous nature. An analysis of the numerical efficiency of the GPU implementation of the method is performed and extended to multi-GPU platforms. The hybrid method is applied to the simulation of the transport of a passive scalar in a 3D turbulent flow. The two sub-problems of the flow and the scalar calculations are solved simultaneously on multi-CPU and multi-GPU architectures
28
Yun, Alexander. "Development and analysis of advanced explicit algebraic turbulence and scalar flux models for complex engineering configurations." Phd thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://elib.tu-darmstadt.de/diss/000579.
Full text
29
Arbage, Maria Cristina Andres. "Características estatísticas turbulentas associadas ao fenômeno do vento norte no sul do Brasil: aplicação ao problema da difusão de contaminantes." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2008. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3892.
Full textAbstract:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorA parameterization for the transport processes in a shear driven planetary boundary layer (PBL) has been established, employing turbulent statistical quantities measured during the north wind phenomenon in southern Brazil. Therefore, observed one-dimensional turbulent energy spectra are compared with a spectral model based on the Kolmogorov arguments. The good agreement obtained from this comparison leads to well defined formulations for the turbulent velocity variances, local decorrelation time scale and eddy diffusivities. Furthermore, for vertical regions in which the wind shear forcing is relevant, the eddy diffusivity derived from the north wind data presents a similar profile as those obtained from the non-extensive statistical mechanics theory. Finally, a validation for the present parameterization has been accomplished, using a Lagrangian stochastic dispersion model. Twind speed, is simulated. The analysis developed in this study shows that the turbulence parameterization constructed from wind data for north wind flow cases is able to describe the diffusion in a high wind speed, shear-dominated PBL.he Prairie Grass data set, which presents high mean
Foi realizada uma parametrização para os processos de transporte em uma camada limite planetária (CLP) dominada pela turbulência mecânica, empregando quantidades estatísticas turbulentas medidas durante eventos do Vento Norte no Sul do Brasil. Assim, espectros observados de energia turbulenta unidimensionais são comparados com um modelo espectral baseado na hipótese de Kolmogorov válida para uma turbulência desenvolvida. A boa concordância obtida a partir desta comparação permite derivar formulações para as variâncias de velocidade turbulenta, escala de tempo de decorrelação local e para os coeficientes de difusão. Além disso, o coeficiente de difusão vertical derivado a parir dos dados de vento norte apresenta um perfil semelhante àquele obtido dos conceitos da mecânica estatística não-extensiva. Finalmente, a validação da presente parametrização foi realizada utilizando-se um modelo de dispersão estocástico Lagrangeano. São simuladas as concentrações medidas ao nível do solo no experimento clássico de Prairie-Grass sob condições de vento forte. A análise desenvolvida no presente estudo mostra que a parametrização da turbulência, construída a partir de dados de casos de Vento Norte, é capaz de descrever a difusão em condições de vento forte, em uma CLP gerada pela turbulência mecânica.
30
Tsui, Hong P. "Turbulent premixed combustion simulation with Conditional Source-term Estimation and Linear-Eddy Model formulated PDF and SDR models." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/60295.
Full textAbstract:
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is indispensable in the development of complex engines due to its low cost and time requirement compared to experiments. Nevertheless, because of the strong coupling between turbulence and chemistry in premixed flames, the prediction of chemical reaction source terms continues to be a modelling challenge. This work focuses on the improvement of turbulent premixed combustion simulation strategies requiring the use of presumed probability density function (PDF) models. The study begins with the development of a new PDF model that includes the effect of turbulence, achieved by the implementation of the Linear-Eddy Model (LEM). Comparison with experimental burners reveals that the LEM PDF can capture the general PDF shapes for methane-air combustion under atmospheric conditions with greater accuracy than other presumed PDF models. The LEM is additionally used to formulate a new, pseudo-turbulent scalar dissipation rate (SDR) model. Conditional Source-term Estimation (CSE) is implemented in the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of the Gülder burner as the closure model for the chemistry-turbulence interactions. To accommodate the increasingly parallel computational environments in clusters, the CSE combustion module has been parallelised and optimised. The CSE ensembles can now dynamically adapt to the changing flame distributions by shifting their spatial boundaries and are no longer confined to pre-allocated regions in the simulation domain. Further, the inversion calculation is now computed in parallel using a modified version of an established iterative solver, the Least-Square QR-factorisation (LSQR). The revised version of CSE demonstrates a significant reduction in computational requirement — a reduction of approximately 50% — while producing similar solutions as previous implementations. The LEM formulated PDF and SDR models are subsequently implemented in conjunction with the optimised version of CSE for the LES of a premixed methane-air flame operating in the thin reaction zone. Comparison with experimental measurements of temperature reveals that the LES results are very comparable in terms of the flame height and distribution. This outcome is encouraging as it appears that this work represents a significant step towards the correct direction in developing a complete combustion simulation strategy that can accurately predict flame characteristics in the absence of ad hoc parameters.Applied Science, Faculty of
Mechanical Engineering, Department of
Graduate
31
Beck, Paulo Arthur. "Análise metodológica de simulações de escoamentos turbulentos sobre seções de perfis aerodinâmicos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/28925.
Full textAbstract:
Este trabalho apresenta o resultado da aplicação do Método dos Volumes Finitos, adotado pelo software comercial Star-CCM+ na simulação para o regime permanente de escoamentos turbulentos incompressíveis e compressíveis sobre seções de aerofólios. Para o caso incompressível modelam-se seções do aerofólio NACA 0012 com ângulo de ataque zero. Para o caso compressível, uma seção do aerofólio supercrítico OAT15A em pequeno ângulo de ataque é modelada. Os domínios computacionais são discretizados por malhas não estruturadas de células poliédricas ou por malhas estruturadas de geração hiperbólica para diferentes topologias e parâmetros construtivos determinados pela estimativa de grandezas do fenômeno físico, como a altura da primeira camada de células quadrilaterais junto à parede. A qualidade e adequação dessas malhas para as simulações são verificadas por estudo de dependência quanto ao nível de refinamento e também quanto à posição do contorno onde o escoamento é livre no caso de escoamento compressível. Na metodologia de verificação, o índice de convergência de malha GCI e a ordem observada de convergência do método (dos Volumes Finitos) são obtidos para três níveis de refinamento com o propósito de selecionar uma malha de trabalho que concilie precisão e esforço computacional com os recursos disponíveis. As simulações são conduzidas para dois modelos de turbulência – o modelo Spalart-Allmaras e o modelo k-ω/SST. Os resultados obtidos pela aplicação desses modelos são interpretados sob o ponto de vista fenomenológico e comparados com os resultados experimentais disponíveis em literatura.The Finite Volumes Method adopted by the commercial software Star-CCM+ is applied to the simulation of the steady state regime of incompressible and compressible turbulent flows over selected airfoil’s sections. The physical model used with the incompressible flow case is a NACA 0012 airfoil section at zero angle of attack. The ONERA’s OAT15A supercritical airfoil section at small angle of attack applies to the compressible flow case. The computational domains are discretized by structured and unstructured meshes for different topologies and far field configurations. The structured meshes are of the quadrilateral type with hyperbolic node distribution whilst the unstructured meshes use polyhedral cells. The grids are generated by applying a methodology where estimates of the flow variables are used as input for the grid’s constructive parameters like the near wall cell thickness. Grid dependency studies are carried out in order to verify the grid’s quality and suitability to represent the physical phenomena. The grid’s asymptotic convergence index GCI and its observed order of convergence are evaluated for three refinement levels and far field position for the compressible flow cases. The objective is to select the most suitable grid taking into account the accuracy requirements and the computational resources available. The one-equation Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model and the two-equation k-ω/SST turbulence models are used. The numerical results are discussed from the physical point of view and compared with the experimental ones available in literature.
32
Israel, Daniel Morris. "A New Approach for Turbulent Simulations in Complex Geometries." Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1272%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.
Full text
33
Crone, Gilia Cornelia. "Parallel Lagrangian models for turbulent transport and chemistry." [S.l.] : Utrecht : [s.n.] ; Universiteitsbibliotheek Utrecht [Host], 1997. http://www.ubu.ruu.nl/cgi-bin/grsn2url?01763357.
Full text
34
Manickam, Pradeep. "Unstructured mesh based models for incompressible turbulent flows." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14126.
Full textAbstract:
A development of high resolution NFT model for simulation of incompressible flows is presented. The model uses finite volume spatial discretisation with edge based data structure and operates on unstructured meshes with arbitrary shaped cells. The key features of the model include non-oscillatory advection scheme Multidimensional Positive Definite Advection Transport Algorithm (MPDATA) and non-symmetric Krylov-subspace elliptic solver. The NFT MPDATA model integrates the Reynolds Average Navier Stokes (RANS) equations. The implementation of the Spalart-Allmaras one equations turbulence model extends the development further to turbulent flows. An efficient non-staggered mesh arrangement for pressure and velocity is employed and provides smooth solutions without a need of artificial dissipation. In contrast to commonly used schemes, a collocated arrangement for flow variables is possible as the stabilisation of the NFT MPDATA scheme arises naturally from the design of MPDATA. Other benefits of MPDATA include: second order accuracy, strict sign-preserving and full multidimensionality. The flexibility and robustness of the new approach is studied and validated for laminar and turbulent flows. Theoretical developments are supported by numerical testing. Successful quantitative and qualitative comparisons with the numerical and experimental results available from literature confirm the validity and accuracy of the NFT MPDATA scheme and open the avenue for its exploitation for engineering problems with complex geometries requiring flexible representation using unstructured meshes.
35
Charnley, Debra. "Radiating flamelet models of turbulent buoyant diffusion flames." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1986. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/52291/.
Full textAbstract:
It is widely accepted that thermal radiative emission is often the controlling mechanism in the growth and spread of unwanted fire. Existing models of fire radiation, however, are limited by our understanding of the interactions between the turbulent flame dynamics and the complex integral nature of radiative transfer. It is the aim of this thesis to study the radiative emission from buoyant diffusion flames, characteristic of fire, and assess the importance of these interactions in order to develop more accurate models of turbulent flame radiation. The laminar flamelet-conserved scalar probability density function approach is used to predict the scalar distributions throughout a laboratory-scale axisymmetric buoyant methane diffusion flame. Conserved scalar statistics are determined by comparison of published flame temperatures with those predicted by the laminar flamelet model. Physically unacceptable discontinuities between the time-averaged fuel-rich conditions near the flame centreline and the fuel-lean outer regions of the flame are unavoidable when employing an experimentally-derived near-adiabatic laminar flamelet description. Consideration of the individual model components and the procedure of matching predicted and experimental temperature statistics leads to the definition of a critical stoichiometric boundary in (bar T, (bar T bar ' bar 2)1/2) space. This boundary can only be reconciled with measured temperatures if the laminar flamelet employed possesses a temperature profile substantially reduced from its adiabatic value. Radiative emission is identified as the most plausible mechanism of heat loss from the flamelet. A simple but representative flamesheet model of laminar diffusion flame radiation is formulated in conserved scalar coordinates from which radiating laminar flamelet relationships are derived. Grey but inhomogeneous radiation from both gaseous species and an empirically-derived soot distribution are considered. These relationships are used successfully as the thermochemical sub-model in the prediction of buoyant flame scalar structure, enabling the rather low mean temperatures typical of these low initial-momentum flows to be reconciled with the concept of intermittent laminar flame burning. As an extension of this approach, a model of turbulent flame radiation is reported in which the flame is envisaged as an array of radiating laminar flamelets. The complete range of instantaneous laminar burning states observed in the flame are thus incorporated into the calculation of flame emission. The flexibility of this intuitive interpretation allows the relative importance of the various phenomena determining turbulent flame radiation to be identified. The radiation emitted along a path through the flame is shown to depend primarily on the number of flamelets present, rather than the geometric pathlength, and the radiative properties of the intervening turbulent eddies. Measurements are reported of both the time-resolved total radiant and mean spectral intensities emitted by the buoyant flame. A non-grey model of the low-intensity continuum radiation, extrapolated to longer wavelengths, indicates that soot emission contributes almost half the observed total mean intensity. Although accurate numerical predictions using the flamelet array model are currently restricted by limited knowledge of turbulent flame dynamics, comparisons with these measured values are encouraging and clearly indicate the areas requiring further research.
36
Yoshikawa, Itaru. "Développement d'un modèle de flamme épaissie dynamique pour la simulation aux grandes échelles de flammes turbulentes prémélangées." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00545423.
Full textAbstract:
La simulation numérique est l'un des outils les plus puissants pour concevoir etoptimiser les systèmes industriels. Dans le domaine de la Dynamique des FluidesNumériques (CFD, "Computational Fluid Dynamics"), la simulation auxgrandes échelles (LES, "Large Eddy Simulation") est aujourd'hui largementutilisée pour calculer les écoulements turbulents réactifs, où les tourbillons degrande taille sont calculés explicitement, tandis que l'effet de ceux de petitetaille est modelisé. Des modèles de sous-mailles sont requis pour fermer leséquations de transport en LES, et dans le contexte de la simulation de la combustionturbulente, le plissement de la surface de flamme de sous-maille doitêtre modélisé.En général, augmenter le plissement de la surface de flamme de sous-maille favorisela combustion. L'amplitude de la promotion est donnée par une fonctiond'efficacité, qui est dérivée d'une hypothèse d'équilibre entre la production etla destruction de la surface de flamme. Dans les méthodes conventionnelles,le calcul de la fonction d'efficacité nécessite une constante qui dépend de lagéométrie de la chambre de combustion, de l'intensité de turbulence, de larichesse du mélange de air-carburant etc, et cette constante doit être fixée audébut de la simulation. Autrement dit, elle doit être déterminé empiriquement.Cette thèse développe un modèle de sous-maille pour la LES en combustionturbulente, qui est appelé le modèle dynamique de flammelette épaissie (DTF,"dynamic thickened flamelet model"), qui détermine la valeur de la constanteen fonction des conditions de l'écoulement sans utiliser des données empiriques.Ce modèle est tout d'abord testé sur une flamme laminaire unidimensionnellepour vérifier la convergence de la fonction d'efficacité vers l'unité (aucun plissementde la surface de flamme de sous-maille). Puis il est appliqué en combinaisonavec le modèle dynamique de Smagorinsky (Dynamic Smagorinskymodel) aux simulations multidimensionnelles d'une flamme en V, stabilisée enaval d'un dièdre. Les résultats de la simulation en trois dimensions sont alorscomparés avec les données expérimentales obtenues sur une expérience de mêmegéométrie. La comparaison montre la faisabilité de la formulation dynamique.
37
Sin, Vai Kuong. "Particle dispersion in two-phase turbulent flows." Thesis, University of Macau, 2000. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1637076.
Full text
38
Soares, Daniel Vieira. "Um modelo k - w para escoamentos turbulentos parietais dilatáveis." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2006. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/2182.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, 2006.Submitted by Diogo Trindade Fóis (diogo_fois@hotmail.com) on 2009-11-13T17:01:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_Daniel Vieira Soares.pdf: 2805065 bytes, checksum: 108054ac551f281ccc978083e86d7a00 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Tania Milca Carvalho Malheiros(tania@bce.unb.br) on 2009-11-16T14:16:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_Daniel Vieira Soares.pdf: 2805065 bytes, checksum: 108054ac551f281ccc978083e86d7a00 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2009-11-16T14:16:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_Daniel Vieira Soares.pdf: 2805065 bytes, checksum: 108054ac551f281ccc978083e86d7a00 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-11-10
Este trabalho tem como objetivo extender o modelo de turbulência k − w proposto por Bredberg (2002), originalmente desenvolvido para escoamentos isotérmicos nos quais ocorram gradientes adversos de pressão, para simular os efeitos da variação de massa específica do fluido exclusivamente devida à presença de gradientes de temperatura - situações de alto interesse industrial - implementando-o em uma nova versão do código acadêmico TURBO-2D, de resolução temporal semi-implícita seqüencial, e discretização espacial via elementos finitos P1-IsoP2. O desenvolvimento da extensão ao modelo k − w é baseado na metodologia empregada por Munhoz da Cruz (1989) na resolução numérica de escoamentos dilatáveis, incluindo termos nas equações do modelo de turbulência referentes aos efeitos de variações térmicas do fluido, assunto pouco explorado por modelos de turbulência de baixo-Reynolds. Quatro casos teste foram escolhidos para a validação do modelo, devido aos bons resultados da literatura disponíveis: dois casos teste isotérmicos com separação da camada limite, o canal divergente de Driver e Seegmiller (1985) e a colina abrupta de Loureiro et. al (2005), e dois casos de camada limite térmica, um com convecção forçada, o caso do escoamento sobre placa plana fortemente aquecida de Ng (1981), e outro com convecção natural, de Tsuji e Nagano (1988), possibilitando uma análise mais profunda sobre a influência da dilatação térmica do fluido sobre as características turbulentas do escoamento. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados aos de simulações com o modelo k−E implementado no código TURBO-2D, extensivamente validado por Soares e Fontoura Rodrigues, (2004) e (2005), utilizando as leis de parede logarítmica clássica (velocidade) e de temperatura de Cheng e Ng (1982), de Mellor (1966), de Nakayama e Koyama (1984) e de Cruz e Silva Freire (1998) e (2002), para velocidade e temperatura, com dados experimentais e de outras simulações numéricas disponíveis na literatura. __________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The main goal of this work is to extend the K − W turbulence model proposed by Bredberg (2002), originally developed in order to simulate turbulent isothermal flows in which adverse pressure gradients occur, to simulate the effects of density variations exclusively due to the presence of thermal gradients - cases vastly applied in industry - implementing in a new version of the academic code TURBO-2D, with sequential semi-implicit time resolution and spatial discretization via P1/IsoP2 finite elements. The development of the K − W model extension is based in the work of Munhoz da Cruz (1989), to numerically solve thermal flows including extra terms in the turbulence quantities equations, derived from the influence of density variations on the fluid motion. Such study is rarely treated by low-Reynolds RANS turbulence models. Four test cases were selected to validate the model implementation, due to the good results available in the literature: two isothermal cases with boundary-layer separation, the divergent channel of Driver and Seegmiller (1985) and the steep hill of Loureiro et. al (2005), and two thermal boundary-layer cases, the forced convection over a strongly heated wall of Ng (1981), and the natural convection boundary layer of Tsuji and Nagano (1988), which makes possible to perform a deeper analysis of the density variation influence over the turbulent flow characteristics. The simulations results were compared to other simulations with the K − E turbulence model implemented in the code TURBO-2D, extensively tested and validated by Soares and Fontoura Rodrigues (2004) and (2005), using the classic log-law for velocity, the temperature log-law of Cheng and Ng (1982), the velocity laws of the wall of Mellor (1966) and of Nakayama and Koyama (1984), and the velocity and temperature laws of the wall of Cruz and Silva Freire (1998 and 2002, respectively), and compared to the experimental data and results from other simulations, available in the literature.
39
Bonnavion, Guillaume. "Dynamics of the unstable wake modes in automotive aerodynamics : from simplified models to real vehicles." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLY010/document.
Full textAbstract:
Depuis la découverte des modes asymétriques dans le sillage d'un corps simplifié d'automobile, réminiscents d'une bifurcation à bas nombre de Reynolds, se posent des questions propres au développement aérodynamique des véhicules terrestres telles que l'influence du vent latéral, de l'assiette et du rétreint d'arrière-corps couramment utilisé en phase d'optimisation. Notre travail s'attache à répondre expérimentalement à ces questions pour des géométries simplifiées mais aussi réelles. Les essais sont réalisés en soufflerie industrielle à l'échelle 2/5 pour le corps académique et en pleine échelle pour les monospaces. Nous montrons que le désalignement du véhicule par rapport à l'écoulement incident n'a pour effet que de modifier l'orientation du mode asymétrique sans en changer l'intensité. Nous construisons un modèle simple prédisant non seulement cette orientation mais aussi les conséquences sur les efforts aérodynamiques transverses. La contribution de l'instabilité sur les coefficients aérodynamiques de portance ou d'effort latéral est de l'ordre de 0,02 indépendamment du vent de travers et de l'assiette du véhicule. Les rétreints d'arrière-corps affectent également la dynamique du sillage et son orientation, mais l'instabilité n'est jamais supprimée. Ces résultats sont retrouvés pour des véhicules réels de type monospace dont le sillage est donc également soumis au même mode asymétrique, révélé sans ambigüité par des expériences de sensibilité en assiette. Nos résultats indiquent que, pour tous les véhicules considérés, le mode asymétrique de sillage est systématiquement présent dans l'enveloppe de conduite. Le contrôle ou la suppression de ce mode devrait offrir de nouvelles perspectives d'optimisation des véhicules à culot droit de type monospaces ou SUVSince the recent discovery of asymmetric modes in the wake of a simplified vehicle geometry, reminiscent from a bifurcation at low Reynolds numbers, some questions related to the aerodynamic development of ground vehicles such as the influence of lateral wind, pitch and afterbody boat-tail classically used during shape optimization remain unanswered. Our work is devoted to assess those questions experimentally for simplified but also real geometries. The tests are conducted in an industrial wind-tunnel, at the 2/5-scale for the academic body and at the full scale for the minivans. We show that the vehicle's misalignment only modifies the asymmetric mode's orientation without affecting its intensity. We build a model predicting not only this orientation but also the consequences on the cross-flow aerodynamic loading. The contribution of the instability to the lift or side force coefficients is of the order of 0,02 independently of lateral wind or of the vehicle's pitch. Afterbody boat-tails also impact the wake dynamics and its orientation but the instability is never suppressed. These results are retrieved for real vehicles such as minivans, whose wake is then subjected to the same asymmetric mode as well, revealed unambiguously with pitch sensitivity experiments. Our results indicate that, for all considered vehicles, the asymmetric wake mode is systematically present in the driving envelope. The control or the suppression of this mode should offer new optimization's perspectives for blunt based vehicles such as minivans or SUVs
40
Chakravarthy, Veerathu Kalyana. "Stochastic subgrid modeling of turbulent premixed flames." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/12934.
Full text
41
Strömgren, Tobias. "Model predictions of turbulent gas-particle shear flows." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Mekanik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-12135.
Full textAbstract:
A turbulent two-phase flow model using kinetic theory of granularflows for the particle phase is developed and implmented in afinite element code. The model can be used for engineeringapplications. However, in this thesis it is used to investigateturbulent gas-particle flows through numerical simulations. The feedback from the particles on the turbulence and the meanflow of the gas in a vertical channel flow is studied. In particular,the influence of the particle response time, particle volumefraction and particle diameter on the preferential concentration ofthe particles near the walls, caused by the turbophoretic effect isexplored. The study shows that when particle feedback is includedthe accumulation of particles near the walls decreases. It is also foundthat even at low volume fractions particles can have a significant impacton the turbulence and the mean flow of the gas. The effect of particles on a developing turbulent vertical upward pipeflow is also studied. The development length is found to substantiallyincrease compared to an unladen flow. To understand what governs thedevelopment length a simple estimation was derived, showing that itincreases with decreasing particle diameters in accordance with themodel simulations. A model for the fluctuating particle velocity in turbulentgas-particle flow is derived using a set of stochastic differentialequations taking into account particle-particle collisions. Themodel shows that the particle fluctuating velocity increases whenparticle-particle collisions become more important and that increasingparticle response times reduces the fluctuating velocity. The modelcan also be used for an expansion of the deterministic model for theparticle kinetic energy.QC20100726
42
Kennedy, Kristen. "A turbulent diatom vs dinoflagellate phytoplankton biomass model." Bachelor's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7623.
Full textAbstract:
Phytoplankton blooms play an important role in global primary productivity and the dynamics of blooms are of interest to modellers. Diatom dominated phytoplankton blooms followed by dinoflagellate blooms are common in the Southern Benguela, and are often associated with Harmful Algal Blooms. A well-known ecological explanation for the succession of diatoms to dinoflagellates is given by Margalef’s Mandala which attributes the successional change to the interaction between turbulence and available nutrient concentration. This study introduced a simple variable accounting for the effects of turbulence to a numerical model describing diatom and dinoflagellate growth in order to emulate the common successional pattern. Succession was successfully modelled by reducing the maximum growth rate of diatoms in stratified conditions. The model was then used to investigate the predictions of Margalef’s Mandala. This study unpicks the relationship between nutrients, turbulence, diatoms and dinoflagellates through a simple 0D phytoplankton model with interesting insight into the role of turbulence in phytoplankton dynamics.
43
Pesmazoglou, Ioannis. "A stochastic model for turbulent poly-disperse flows." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/24830.
Full textAbstract:
A poly-disperse particle description using a Lagrangian Stochastic (LS) framework coupled to Large Eddy Simulations (LES) of turbulent flows is presented. The aforementioned frameworks are outlined leading to the LES-coupled spray-pdf equation and its equivalent Stochastic Differential Equations (SDE). Three particle processes are investigated: particle dispersion, nucleation and aggregation. The aim of this work is to integrate or extend the models of these processes into the LES-LS framework and evaluate the predictive ability of the developed models. Dispersion in LES is used in conjunction with a stochastic sub-grid model to accurately represent the path of a particle. Such models have a free parameter, the dispersion coefficient, which is not universal. A dynamic model for the evaluation of this coefficient is proposed. The model's predictive ability is investigated in decaying homogeneous isotropic turbulence and a turbulent mixing layer. Nucleation is modelled in a probabilistic manner where the frequency of events is determined from local equilibrium conditions. Two methodologies for the sub-grid influence on nucleation rates are implemented. A turbulent Dibutyl-Phthalate laden Nitrogen jet experiment is used for validation. Aggregation is an inter-particle process which involves a multitude of different physicochemical mechanisms. Particles in the nano-scale are considered, with a concentration which renders their direct simulation as individual real particles intractable. A stochastic aggregation model is presented and its performance is evaluated against analytic solutions, a Planar Jet, and a turbulent jet configuration. It is concluded that the LES-spray pdf framework can be used to develop parameter-free models from phenomenological arguments that accurately describe complex turbulent poly-disperse flows.
44
Rivière, Garry. "Optimisation topologique d'écoulements turbulents et application à la ventilation des bâtiments." Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0003/document.
Full textAbstract:
La ventilation joue un rôle important dans le confort thermique des occupants d'un bâtiment en climat chaud, en contribuant au rafraîchissement de l'air qui les entoure. Qu'elle soit mécanique ou naturelle, la ventilation doit être maîtrisée pour ne pas gêner l'occupant et respecter des normes ou réglementations en vigueur. Ces gênes sont liées à des vitesses d'air ou à une intensité turbulente trop élevée. Les concepteurs doivent alors faire appel à l'outil numérique pour une prédiction fine des écoulements d'air. La simulation de configurations à l'échelle du bâtiment peut se faire par une approche moyennée des équations de Navier-Stokes en complément d'un modèle de turbulence. Ces simulations sont utilisées par les chercheurs comme des outils de dimensionnement, ou encore, d'optimisation des composants de ventilation. De plus, la forme des bouches de ventilation peut contribuer passivement à l'optimisation de certains phénomènes aérauliques. L'amélioration de ces formes peut ainsi se faire par l'utilisation de méthodes d'optimisation de forme. L'optimisation topologique par ajout de matière permet de trouver des formes pour optimiser des fonctionnelles objectifs définies sur le fluide ou sur ses frontières. C'est sur cette méthode que ces travaux de thèse se concentrent pour proposer un outil de contrôle des écoulements d'air dans le bâtiment par la recherche de formes optimales de bouches de ventilation. Ces travaux de thèse proposent une contribution à l'optimisation topologique d'écoulements turbulents dans le bâtiment. Dans un premier temps, la méthode par ajout de matière est appliquée pour minimiser les pertes de charge dans une conduite d'aération en forme de Té. Le modèle adjoint développé est soumis à l'hypothèse de turbulence gelée. Dans un second temps le modèle adjoint complet est proposé pour le modèle de turbulence standard k-epsilon pour la réduction des pertes de charge d'une part et de l'intensité turbulente d'autre part. Enfin, ces outils sont appliqués à l'optimisation de forme de bouches de ventilation. Les résultats montrent ainsi un bon potentiel de l'optimisation topologique par ajout de matière pour l'orientation des écoulements d'air mais ne garantissent pas la maîtrise des vitesses d'air dans la pièce. De plus, la minimisation de l'intensité turbulente grâce à l'approche complète développée a contribué à la réduction du taux d'insatisfaction lié à une intensité turbulente trop élevée dans la pièceVentilation plays a key role in thermal comfort of building's occupants in hot climates by refreshing air surrounding them. Mechanical or natural ventilation must be controlled for two reasons: do not disturb the bulding's occupants and comply with the regulations in force. Discomfort is linked to too high air velocities or turbulent intensity. Designers can use the numerical tools for a finer prediction of airflow. The simulation of configurations at the building scale can be done using averaged Navier-Stokes equations approach in addition to a turbulence model. These simulations are used by researchers as sizing tools or for the optimization of ventilation components. In addition, the shape of the ventilation nozzle can passively contributes to the optimization of some aeraulics phenomena. The improvement of these ventilation components can be achieved by the use of shape optimization methods. Topological optimization by addition of material makes it possible for the optimization of cost functions defined on the fluid or on its boundaries. The main objective of this manuscript is to propose a tool to control airflows in building by the search for optimal shape of ventilation nozzle. This work proposes a contribution to the topological optimization of turbulent flows in buildings. In a first step, topological optimization by adding material is applied to minimize pressure losses in a T-shaped pipe. The developed model is subjected to the hypothesis of the frozen turbulence. In a second step, the complete adjoint model is proposed for the standard turbulence model k-epsilon for the minimization of the total pressure losses on the one hand and the turbulent intensity on the other hand. Finally, these tools are applied to the shape optimization of ventilation nozzle. The results of topological optimization by adding virtual material show good potential for the orientation of the airflows but does not guarantee the control of the air velocities in the room. Moreover, the minimization of turbulent intensity through the complete approach contributed to the reduction of the dissatisfaction rate due to excessive turbulent intensity in the room
45
Buès, Michel A. "Quelques aspects du transfert de masse : ecoulement turbulent, modeles de diffusion non newtonienne et structure turbulente, ecoulement rampant, deplacement miscible instable en milieu poreux." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13118.
Full textAbstract:
I. On considere la diffusion de macromolecules injectees annulairement dans un ecoulement turbulent en conduit cylindrique. On propose deux modeles physiques de transfert de macromolecules. On etablit un modele parietal valable pour les 4 zones de diffusion. Etude de la structure turbulente de la couche limite de diffusion. Ii. On considere le deplacement isotherme de deux fluides miscibles dans un milieu poreux indeformable, homogene et isotrope. Etude par la methode de perturbation de la stabilite des ecoulements ascendant ou descendant. Etude experimentale sur une colonne verticale remplie de billes de verre
46
Marasli, Barsam. "Spatially traveling waves in a two-dimensional turbulent wake." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184811.
Full textAbstract:
Hot-wire measurements taken in the turbulent wake of a flat plate are presented. Symmetrical and antisymmetrical perturbations at various amplitudes and frequencies were introduced into the wake by small flap oscillations. As predicted by linear stability theory, the sinuous (antisymmetric) mode was observed to be more significant than the varicose (symmetric) mode. When the amplitude of the perturbation was low, the spatial development of the introduced coherent perturbation was predicted well by linear stability theory. At high forcing levels, the wake spreading showed dramatic deviations from the well known square-root behavior of the unforced case. Measured coherent Reynolds stresses changed sign in the neighborhood of the neutral point of the perturbation, as predicted by the linear theory. However, the linear theory failed to predict the disturbance amplitude and transverse shapes close to the neutral point. Some nonlinear aspects of the evolution of instabilities in the wake are discussed. Theoretical predictions of the mean flow distortion and the generation of the first harmonic are compared to experimental measurements. Given the unforced flow and the amplitude of the fundamental wave, the mean flow distortion and the amplitude of the first harmonic are predicted remarkably well.
47
Carregari, André Luiz. "Estudo do escoamento de ar sobre a carroceria de um ônibus usando um programa de CFD e comparação com dados experimentais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18135/tde-23082006-090843/.
Full textAbstract:
Dois dos principais objetivos no estudo da aerodinâmica de veículos comerciais são a redução no consumo de combustível e o aumento na eficiência da refrigeração do motor. Esses objetivos podem ser alcançados através do desenvolvimento de dispositivos que modifiquem o escoamento do ar ao redor do veículo e também através da alteração da forma das superfícies externas. A inclinação das superfícies da parte traseira de um ônibus, por exemplo, tem grande influência sobre a esteira turbulenta que se forma atrás do veículo. O uso de ferramentas computacionais permite uma redução de custo e maior flexibilidade na análise aerodinâmica de autoveículos. Ainda é preciso, no entanto, que o resultado dessas ferramentas computacionais seja verificado com o maior número possível de casos para que se possa escolher e ajustar o modelo matemático de forma adequada. O objetivo do presente trabalho é a verificação dos resultados computacionais e experimentais no desenvolvimento de metodologias que visem à redução no consumo de combustível e aumento na eficiência da refrigeração do motor. Foram comparados resultados experimentais e computacionais do escoamento sobre um modelo de um ônibus comercial em escala 1:17,5. Para a realização do experimento foi utilizado um túnel de vento de seção aberta, onde foram analisadas as distribuições de pressão nas superfícies da carroceria e o arrasto aerodinâmico. Para o teste computacional, foi utilizado um software de dinâmica dos fluidos computacional em que as equações de Navier-Stokes com média de Reynolds são resolvidas pelo método dos volumes finitos usando um modelo de turbulência RNG 'capa' - 'épsilon'Two main objectives in the study of commercial vehicle aerodynamics are the reduction in fuel consumption and the improvement in engine refrigeration efficiency. These objectives can be achieved through development of devices which vary the flow characteristics around the vehicle and also through modification of the shape of external surfaces. The slope of rear surfaces, for instance, has large influence over the wake turbulence which forms behind the vehicle. The use of computational tools yields cost reduction and greater flexibility in automotive aerodynamic analysis. There is still a need, however, for verification of results, generated by these computational tools, with the largest possible number of test cases so that the mathematical model is adequately chosen and adjusted. The objective of the present work is the verification of experimental and computational results in the development of methodologies aiming at reduction of fuel consumption and improvement in engine refrigeration efficiency. Experimental and computational aerodynamic results were compared for a commercial bus model with a 1:17.5 scale. The experiments were conducted in an open section wind tunnel where pressure distribution and aerodynamic drag were analyzed. The numerical analysis was conducted using computational fluid dynamics software which solves the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations using the finite volume method with a RNG 'capa' - 'épsilon' turbulence model
48
Paixão, Ana Eleonora Almeida. "Escoamento anular de fluidos não-newtonianos utilizando modelo reologico a tres parametros." [s.n.], 1990. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/267267.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Cesar Costapinto SantanaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-13T22:17:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paixao_AnaEleonoraAlmeida_M.pdf: 4481873 bytes, checksum: ffb15698537544fb6b0fa08f32a9d601 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1990
Resumo: A industria química e também a área de prospeção de petróleo utilizam freqüentemente muitas suspensões sólido-líquido de comportamento reológico não-newtoniano com tensão residual, que é um valor crítico abaixo do qual o fluido escoa sem deformação. Essa característica exige o uso de modelos reológicos mais sofisticados para descrever o seu comportamento fluido-dinâmico. As circunstâncias normalmente verificadas na prática requerem que as correlações usadas para descrição do fenômeno acima citado sejam capazes de prever o comportamento do escoamento abrangendo as condições dos regimes laminar, transição e turbulento. O presente trabalho apresenta uma formulação matemática que visa obter correlações que atendam a necessidade das aplicações práticas. Para tanto, realizou-se o estudo detalhado da utilização de um modelo reológico a três parâmetros( Modelo de Robertson & Stiff) para a análise do escoamento anular em tubulações, tendo sido elaboradas novas definições de números de Reynolds e de Número de Hedstrom. Para o escoamento laminar são apresentadas correlações para o coeficiente de atrito em função do Número de Reynolds de Robertson & Stiff, contendo um parâmetro adicional que considera a influência da tensão residual. Nessas correlações tembém estão incluídos parâmetros constantes para cada geometria de escoamento. Na região de escoamento de transição, o trabalho apresenta uma formulação matemática inédita, utilizando o modelo reológico de transição ...Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital
Abstract: Several solid-liquid suspensions frequently encountered in chemical industry and also in oil well drilling operations exhibit a non-Newtonian behavior with an yield stress, a critical value of stress below which they do not flow. Due to the real conditions usually verified, it is important to master calculations techniques involve the laminar also the transitional and turbulent flow regimes. This thesis consists of an unpublished work presenting an inedit mathematical formulation in order to propose correlations of practical use. The realized study of the annular flow between concentric pipes was based on Robertson and Stiff¿s rheological model, which is a three parameters equation, and on new definitions of Reynolds and Hedstrom numbers. The proposed correlations to the factor friction to Robertson and Stiffi¿s Reynolds number in laminar flow involves one additional parameter considering the yield stress effects and a second one including also he flow geometry. The transitional flow study resulted in a inedit theorical formulation usisng Robertson and rheological model that enables the transitional point or region prediction. This procedure led to a system of highly non-linear equations and its numerical model that enables the transitional point or region predction. This procedure led to a system of highly non-lnear equation and its numericar solution is presented in a table ...Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertations
Mestrado
Mestre em Engenharia Química
49
Hipp, Hans Christoph 1959. "Numerical investigation of mode interaction in free shear layers." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276871.
Full textAbstract:
Numerical simulations of incompressible, two-dimensional, monochromatically and bichromatically forced laminar free shear layers are performed on the basis of a vorticity-velocity formulation of the complete Navier-Stokes equations employing central finite differences. Spatially periodic shear layers developing in time (temporal model) are compared with shear layers developing in the stream-wise direction (spatial model). The regimes of linear growth and saturation of the fundamental are quantitatively scrutinized, the saturation of the subharmonic and vortex merging are investigated, and the effects of a forcing phase-shift between fundamental and subharmonic. For the spatial model the appearance of an unforced subharmonic was also examined. It was found that contrary to temporal shear layers a significant control of vortex merging by means of a forcing phase-shift and vortex shredding are not possible in spatial shear layers due to strong dispersion.
50
Poon, Hao-chi Cynthia, and 潘顥之. "Numerical simulation of turbulent flow and microclimate within and above vegetation canopy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45589677.
Full text