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Journal articles on the topic 'Turdus leucomelas'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

de Mafia, Pedro Oliveira, Matheus Rocha Jorge Corrêa, Antônio Jorge Rosário do Cruz, and Cristiano Schetini de Azevedo. "Rodent predation by Turdus leucomelas (Passeriformes: Turdidae)." Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia 22, no. 4 (December 2014): 410–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03544276.

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2

Vogel, Huilquer Francisco, Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki, and Rafael Metri. "Occurrence of thrushes in an urban fragment of Araucaria forest in southern Brazil." Biota Neotropica 12, no. 4 (December 2012): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032012000400024.

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Seasonal segregation among syntopic species can be viewed as one of the available strategies for coexistence, reducing competitive process. The present work therefore aimed to interpret the assemblage structures comprising birds of the genus Turdus (Turdidae), through the analysis of seasonal variation in the species occurrence in a forest remnant located in the southcenter State of Paraná. Mist-netting was employed twice a month for capturing birds, totalling an annual effort of 7488 h.m². The frequency of occurrence, constancy and class of species dominance was determined, together with the parameters generally used in studies of ecological communities (richness, abundance, diversity and evenness). A total of 162 individuals were captured, representing five species. Turdus rufiventris was the most constant and frequent species. Turdus amaurochalinus and Turdus leucomelas were captured with variable constancies and frequencies along the seasons. Turdus amaurochalinus was also very common and may present an overlapping process between migrant and non-migrant individuals during spring. Turdus albicolis was considered accessory, whereas Turdus subalaris was only registered during the reproductive period. Hence, it was possible to observe that seasonal modifications occurred both in the frequency of occurrence and in the constancy and dominance of species. These results indicated the possibility of a lower use of the environment during the breeding season, as well as the presence of a higher number of individuals in summer and increased abundance of Turdus rufiventris and T. leucomelas during autumn and winter.
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3

Molina Martínez, Yair Guillermo. "PREDATION OF PALE-BREASTED THRUSH EGGS BY THE ARIEL TOUCAN IN BRAZIL: FAILURE OF THE ANTI-PREDATORY STRATEGY." Acta Biológica Colombiana 26, no. 2 (January 26, 2021): 278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/abc.v26n2.86700.

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The Channel-billed Toucan (Ramphastos vitellinus ariel) is an omnivorous bird that eventually is nest-robbers. Several birdsongs display anti-predatory strategies such as attacks and mobbing calls to face this kind of predators. This note reports a predatory event of one Channel-billed Toucan upon eggs of Pale-breasted Thrush (Turdus leucomelas), and describe the anti-predatory behavior, principally alert and mobbing calls of the thrush. Even though the Pale-breasted Thrush displayed the anti-predatory behaviors to harass the toucan, the egg predation was not avoided. Although the predation upon eggs by Ramphastos vitellinus has been reported several times, the majority of reports lacks of identity of the bird species affected, this being the first confirmed record in Turdus leucomelas.
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STILES, F. GARY, and JORGE ENRIQUE AVENDAÑO. "Distribution and status of Turdus thrushes in white-sand areas of eastern Colombia, with a new subspecies of T. leucomelas." Zootaxa 4567, no. 1 (March 14, 2019): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4567.1.9.

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White-sand areas in the Colombian Amazon harbor many endemic and specialist species that are relatively little studied with respect to their ecology, distribution and zoogeographic affinities, for example Turdus thrushes. A recent expedition to the Serranía de Chiribiquete, a mountain range of Guianan origin in the Colombian Amazon, resulted in the discovery of an enigmatic Turdus thrush restricted to white-sand vegetation. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of the ND2 gene revealed that this population is genetically similar to T. leucomelas albiventer, from which it differs in its smaller size and darker, duller plumage. Therefore, we here describe this population as a new subspecies of T. leucomelas. Furthermore, our inspection of specimens of Turdus taxa from eastern Colombia revealed the existence of sympatry between T. ignobilis debilis and T. i. arthuri at two sites. Based on this evidence and previously documented genetic and phenotypic differences, we recognize T. arthuri as a distinct biological species. We analyze distributions and measurements of functional traits among four thrush taxa of eastern Colombia.
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5

HERNANDES, FÁBIO A., and MICHEL P. VALIM. "A new species of Pterodectes Robin, 1877 (Proctophyllodidae: Pterodectinae) from the pale-breasted thrush, Turdus leucomelas (Passeriformes: Turdidae)." Zootaxa 1081, no. 1 (November 15, 2005): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1081.1.4.

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A new species of feather mite, Pterodectes fissuratus sp. n., is described from the pale-breasted thrush, Turdus leucomelas Veillot (Passeriformes: Turdidae), in Brazil. This species is easily distinguished by having numerous well-pronounced lacunae and a longitudinal median furrow on prodorsal and hysteronotal shields in both sexes.
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6

Pinho, Irlane Faria de, Lidiane Maria da Silva, Mariana Borges Rodrigues, Mariana de Souza Oliveira, Bruno do Bomfim Lopes, Hermes Ribeiro Luz, Ildemar Ferreira, Carlos Wilson Gomes Lopes, and Bruno Pereira Berto. "Isospora albicollis (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) in thrushes Turdus spp. (Passeriformes: Turdidae), in southeastern Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 26, no. 2 (April 13, 2017): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612017006.

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Abstract The aim of the present study was to report and describe Isospora albicollis Lainson and Shaw, 1989 parasitizing a white-necked thrush Turdus albicollis Vieillot, 1818 and a pale-breasted thrush Turdus leucomelas Vieillot, 1818 in two different localities: the Itatiaia National Park and Cacaria, in southeastern Brazil. The oocysts identified were ovoidal, 24.4 × 19.7 μm, with a smooth, bilayered wall, around 1.4 μm thick. Oocyst residuum was absent, but a micropyle and a polar granule were present. The sporocysts were ellipsoidal, 15.4 × 10.1 μm. The Stieda body was knob-like to rounded and the sub-Stieda body was prominent and wide. Sporocyst residuum was present, usually as a cluster of granules that appear to be membrane-bounded. The sporozoites were vermiform with one posterior refractile body and a centrally located nucleus. Besides recording the new host T. leucomelas, the identification of I. albicollis in the Itatiaia National Park and Cacaria, in southeastern Brazil, provide records of new localities for its parasitism, and reveals the wide distribution and dispersion of this coccidium in Brazil.
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7

Vogel, Huilquer Francisco, João Marcelo Deliberador Miranda, Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki, and Rafael Metri. "Similaridade morfológica entre turdídeos sintópicos em um parque urbano na Região Sul do Brasil." SITIENTIBUS série Ciências Biológicas 12, no. 2 (December 19, 2012): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/scb94.

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Morphological overlap is an important attribute to understand processes of interspecific competition. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the degree of morphological overlap between five syntopic thrushes species (Turdus rufiventris, T. albicollis, T. leucomelas, T. amaurochalinus and T. subalaris) in an urban fragment of Araucaria Forest in Guarapuava, central-southern region of Paraná State. Birds were captured through mist-nets. Biometric measurements were performed in the birds and subsequently analyses of similarity and multivariate ordinations were also performed. The MANOVA analysis indicated separation among species F (24, 482) = 17.8, P < 0.0001. However, post hoc test showed no statistical separation between T. albicollis and T. subalaris. The similarity index results indicated that the most similar species that integrate the taxocenose are T. leucomelas and T. rufiventris (0.987). Turdus subalaris and T. albicollis also showed high similarity values (0.983). Although the species are morphologically very similar, there are indications of ecological mechanisms that allow their coexistence, such as distinct patterns of occurrence and differential use of habitat.
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8

OLIVEIRA, MARIANA S., JHON LENNON G. OLIVEIRA, MARIANA B. RODRIGUES, LIDIANE MARIA SILVA-CARVALHO, LUCAS DE ASSIS S. ANDRADE, SERGIAN V. CARDOZO, ILDEMAR FERREIRA, and BRUNO PEREIRA BERTO. "Isospora brasilsatoae n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from thrushes Turdus spp. (Passeriformes: Turdidae) from Brazil." Zootaxa 4555, no. 3 (February 14, 2019): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4555.3.12.

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A new species of coccidia (Protozoa: Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) found parasitizing the yellow-legged thrush Turdus flavipes (Vieillot, 1818), the pale-breasted thrush Turdus leucomelas Vieillot, 1818 and the creamy-bellied thrush Turdus amaurochalinus Cabanis, 1850 in Southeastern Brazil is described. Isospora brasilsatoae n. sp. has oocysts that are ovoidal to pyriform, 26.8 × 21.1 μm, with smooth, bilayered wall, ~1.6 μm thick. Micropyle present. Oocyst residuum absent, but one to three polar granules are present. Sporocysts are elongate ovoidal, 18.1 × 10.5 μm. Stieda body knob-like and sub-Stieda body trapezoidal. Sporocyst residuum is composed of granules that appear to be membrane-bounded. Sporozoites are vermiform with refractile bodies and striations. This is the ninth description of an Isospora sp. parasitizing a New World thrush.
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9

Davanço, Paulo V., Lívia M. S. Souza, Leonardo S. de Oliveira, and Mercival R. Francisco. "Intraspecific Brood Parasitism of the Pale-breasted Thrush (Turdus leucomelas)." Wilson Journal of Ornithology 124, no. 3 (September 2012): 611–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1676/11-144.1.

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10

Pascotto, Márcia C. "Rapanea ferruginea (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez. (Myrsinacea) como uma importante fonte alimentar para as aves em uma mata de galeria no interior do Estado de São Paulo." Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 24, no. 3 (2007): 735–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-81752007000300026.

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Espécie típica de ambientes úmidos, Rapanea ferruginea produz diásporos globosos contendo uma única semente, envolta por um delgado pericarpo negro-arroxeado. Os comportamentos alimentares e a contribuição das aves na dispersão de sementes de R. ferruginea foram investigados em uma área de borda de mata de galeria, no município de São Manuel (22°43’S, 48°34’W), estado de São Paulo, sudeste do Brasil. Em 38 horas e 40 minutos de observações realizadas entre 20 de outubro e 12 de novembro de 2005, foram consumidos 11618 frutos por 31 espécies de aves, sendo a alta taxa de remoção de diásporos provavelmente devido à superabundância de frutos e à exposição dos mesmos na planta. Das 31 espécies registradas, 25 foram consideradas como potenciais dispersores por engolirem o diásporo inteiro e por realizarem visitas freqüentes e de curta duração. Turdus amaurochalinus Cabanis, 1851 foi a espécie que mais se alimentou em R. ferruginea, seguida por Dryocopus lineatus (Linnaeus, 1766) e Turdus leucomelas Vieillot, 1818, responsáveis por 43% do total de frutos consumidos, sendo ainda a primeira a espécie mais freqüente. A técnica de captura de frutos mais empregada foi "picking", enquanto "hanging" foi a menos utilizada, mas predominante em Vireo olivaceus(Vieillot, 1817) e D.lineatus. Foram registrados poucos encontros agonísticos, sendo Mimus saturninus Hellmayr, 1903 a espécie responsável pelo maior número de encontros interespecíficos, enquanto que as interações intraespecíficas foram lideradas por T. amaurochalinus e por T. leucomelas.
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11

Floreste, Felipe Rangel, Augusto Florisvaldo Batisteli, and Marco Aurélio Pizo. "Sex-specific seasonal body mass variation in the Pale-breasted Thrush (Turdus leucomelas)." Ornithology Research 29, no. 2 (June 2021): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43388-021-00055-0.

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12

Ruiz, Nicolás Luciano, Priscilla Sabino Amorim de Araújo, José Victor Fernandes de Lima, Pedro Vitor Silva Ferreira, Lidiane Medeiros de Andrade, and Mauro Pichorim. "Breeding biology of Pale-breasted Thrush Turdus leucomelas (Turdidae) in the north of Atlantic Forest, Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia 25, no. 2 (June 2017): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03544386.

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13

Vogel, Huilquer Francisco, Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki, and Rafael Metri. "Coexistência entre Turdus leucomelas Vieillot, 1818 e Turdus rufiventris Vieillot, 1818 (Aves: Passeriformes) em um fragmento urbano de floresta com araucárias, Sul do Brasil." Biota Neotropica 11, no. 3 (September 2011): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032011000300002.

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Neste trabalho foram investigadas algumas das estratégias que tornam possíveis a coexistência de duas espécies sintópicas e congenéricas (Turdus leucomelas e Turdus rufiventris), em um fragmento urbano de floresta com araucárias. Os parâmetros amostrados foram a abundância média, estrato florestal utilizado pelas aves, ambientes florestais, aspectos morfológicos, e a dieta. Tais parâmetros foram obtidos através de capturas com redes ornitológicas no sub-bosque, constatação da abundância através de transecções, e obtenção de regurgitos. Foi possível estimar que as espécies possuem padrões similares de ocorrência nos ambientes amostrados - borda exposta, transição e interior. Existe uma sobreposição morfológica de 98,67 (índice de Bray-Curtis) sendo que um teste de variáveis canônicas (F6, 88 = 25,39; p < 0,01) demonstrou uma diferença significativa para um conjunto de sete variáveis morfológicas. Apesar de existir certa semelhança entre as espécies, T. rufiventris apresentou maiores valores extremos e maior variação morfológica. A sobreposição de nicho trófico foi elevada (Ojk = 0,76) e as espécies se apresentaram generalistas com amplitude de nicho trófico superior para T. rufiventris. Não é muito evidente uma exclusão competitiva baseada na alimentação, no entanto os itens consumidos divergiram quando analisados por presença/ausência. Desta forma, o mínimo de divergência morfológica e variação nos recursos consumidos podem explicar parcialmente a coexistência, já que a segregação entre ambientes e estrato florestal ocupado não foi claramente observada, apesar de perceptível em relação ao interior e borda do fragmento florestal.
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Lobato, Débora N. C., Érika M. Braga, Nayara de O. Belo, and Yasmine Antonini. "Hematological and parasitological health conditions of the Pale-breasted Thrush (Turdus leucomelas) (Passeriformes: Turdidae) in southeastern Brazil." Zoologia (Curitiba) 28, no. 6 (December 2011): 771–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-46702011000600010.

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15

Quagliato, Isabela Sales, and Vagner Cavarzere. "An ornithological inventory in a reforested woodlot in western Paraná state, southern Brazil." Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 61 (March 31, 2021): e20216130. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2021.61.30.

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This paper presents an ornithological inventory taken between March and December of 2017 in the Brazilian state of Paraná. Although the surroundings contain one relatively well-known location in regard to ornithology, Iguaçu National Park, several other areas merit exploration, among them the Santa Helena Relevant Ecological Interest Area (ARIE‑SH). The 1,479 ha ARIE‑SH is essentially a large remnant of the Atlantic Forest located adjacent to the city of Santa Helena, Paraná, which commencing in the 1980s has undergone considerable reforestation with both native and exotic species, including fruit species. Prior to censusing bird species and to better characterize the avian community, we conducted a bibliographic review of earlier ornithological studies carried out at ARIE‑SH. In addition, we conducted opportunistic and unsystematic observations in nearby locations. We recorded 311 species of birds. During the current inventory, and others conducted in the area since 2016, we recorded six Atlantic Forest endemic species, five species threatened in Paraná, and two globally threatened species. Common species which showed high Index of Frequency in Lists include (in descending order) Basileuterus culicivorus, Leptotila verreauxi, Cnemotriccus fuscatus, Corythopis delalandi, Turdus leucomelas and Arremon flavirostris. Nine species observed while conducting this census (Laterallus exilis, Amazona vinacea, Herpsilochmus longirostris, Campylorhamphus trochilirostris, Casiornis rufus, Campylorhynchus turdinus, Myiothlypis flaveola, Eucometis penicillata and Sporophila palustris) are the first records for this region.
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Motta-Junior, José Carlos. "Ferruginous Pygmy-owl (Glaucidium brasilianum) predation on a mobbing Fork-tailed Flycatcher (Tyrannus savana) in south-east Brazil." Biota Neotropica 7, no. 2 (2007): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032007000200038.

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I observed, and documented in detail, Ferruginous Pygmy Owl (Glaucidium brasilianum) predation on a mobbing Fork-tailed Flycatcher (Tyrannus savanna) in south-east Brazil. Events described in this account are supported with original photos. In addition to the predation event, I list 12 mobbing bird species that were alarmed by the presence of this raptor in the study area, including Trochilidae (Eupetomena macroura), Formicariidae (Formicivora rufa), Tyrannidae (Camptostoma obsoletum, Elaenia cristata, E. flavogaster, E. chiriquensis, T. savana, Myiarchus tyrannulus), Turdidae (Turdus leucomelas, T. amaurochalinus, T. rufiventris) and Emberizidae (Coryphospingus cucullatus). The Fork-tailed Flycatcher may represent 35-76.8% of the pygmy-owl body mass (41-80 g), which supports early reports about the predation on relatively large prey by this owl species. Although most authors have suggested that mobbing birds are subject to a low predation risk, this report and others confirmed that these events are not negligible and can be deadly dangerous to the mobbers, and conversely profitable to the raptor.
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17

Moraes, André L. B., Natália S. Da Silveira, and Marco A. Pizo. "Nocturnal roosting behavior of the Pale-breasted Thrush (Turdus leucomelas) and its relation with daytime area of use." Wilson Journal of Ornithology 130, no. 3 (September 2018): 828–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1676/17-106.1.

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18

Maia-Gouvêa, Eliana R., Élio Gouvêa, and Augusto Piratelli. "Comunidade de aves de sub-bosque em uma área de entorno do Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil." Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 22, no. 4 (December 2005): 859–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-81752005000400009.

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Este trabalho foi realizado em mata secundária no Município de Itatiaia, Estado do Rio de Janeiro (22º30'S e 44º30'W) próximo ao Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, com o objeitvo de descrever a comunidade de aves ali presente. Foram amostrados três tipos vegetacionais distintos: reflorestamento, bosque e pomar, tendo sido realizadas 19 excursões entre 1984 e 1999. As aves foram amostradas através de capturas com redes de neblina e anilhamento, tendo sido utilizadas de 15 a 31 redes de 12 x 2 m e malha 36 mm. Foram também obtidas medidas morfométricas (comprimento total, asa, bico, cauda e tarso) e dados biológicos (sexo, idade reprodução e muda). Depois de 5.621,79 horas-rede, foi registrado um total de 553 capturas, com 71 recapturas (12,84%); 417 indivíduos foram anilhados, e 65 beija-flores deixaram de ser marcados por falta de anilhas específicas. A comunidade estudada esteve representada por 77 espécies e 18 famílias, apresentando índice de diversidade H' = -1,594 e a curva do coletor com tendência à estabilização. As famílias com maior número de espécies foram Emberizidae (n = 21; 27,27%) e Tyrannidae (n = 15; 19,48%). As espécies com maior abundância relativa foram Turdus leucomelas (n = 40; 9,59%) e Turdus rufiventris (n = 36; 8,63%). Seis das espécies amostradas (7,8%) são endêmicas do bioma Mata Atlântica. Na estação chuvosa foram amostradas 68 espécies, e na estação seca, 42; e as capturas estiveram relacionadas com as chuvas (rs = -0,6778; p = 0,05). O período reprodutivo ocorreu de outubro a março estando correlacionado com o início da estação chuvosa (rs = -0,702; p = 0,052).
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Magalhães, Vivyanne S., Severino M. de Azevedo Júnior, Rachel M. de Lyra-Neves, Wallace R. Telino-Júnior, and Daniela P. de Souza. "Biologia de aves capturadas em um fragmento de Mata Atlântica, Igarassu, Pernambuco, Brasil." Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 24, no. 4 (December 2007): 950–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-81752007000400011.

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Foram estudados alguns aspectos da biologia da avifauna do Refúgio Ecológico Charles Darwin, fragmento de 60 ha de Mata Atlântica, no município de Igarassu, Pernambuco. Objetivando obter informações acerca das espécies desse bioma, foram realizadas observações entre agosto de 1996 e julho de 1997 e capturas mensais utilizando redes de neblina, entre julho de 2003 e junho de 2004. Entre observações, capturas, recapturas e recuperações, foram registradas 151 espécies (31 famílias) para a área, onde 456 aves (53 espécies/25 famílias) foram capturadas com redes ornitológicas. Foram recuperadas 10 espécies (tempo de anilha de seis a oito anos). O número de capturas foi maior nos meses mais quentes. A maioria das espécies capturadas (52,8%) teve freqüência de ocorrência menor que 25%, sendo Manacus manacus (Linnaeus, 1766), Arremon taciturnus (Hermann, 1783), Neopelma pallescens (Lafresnaye, 1853) e Turdus leucomelas Vieillot, 1818 as mais freqüentes. Houve correlação significativa entre as análises dos valores médios entre massa corpórea e sexo, dados biométricos (medidas da asa, tarso e diâmetro do tarso) e sexo e entre mudas e estação do ano. O maior período com muda associada à placa de incubação foi de março a maio (pico em maio). Os resultados fortaleceram a imprevisibilidade dos efeitos das alterações ambientais na estrutura da comunidade de aves em longo prazo. Reforçam ainda que os desequilíbrios populacionais possam vir a aumentar as chances de extinção, sendo necessárias novas alternativas para a proteção da biodiversidade, sobretudo em fragmentos florestais.
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Enout, Alexandre M. J., Débora N. Lobato, Cristiano S. de Azevedo, and Yasmine Antonini. "Parasitismo por malófagos (Insecta) e ácaros (Acari) em Turdus leucomelas (Aves) nas estações reprodutiva e de muda de penas no Parque Estadual do Rio Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil." Zoologia (Curitiba) 26, no. 3 (September 2009): 534–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-46702009000300017.

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21

Francisco, MR, VO Lunardi, and M. Galetti. "Bird attributes, plant characteristics, and seed dispersal of Pera glabrata (Schott, 1858), (Euphorbiaceae) in a disturbed cerrado area." Brazilian Journal of Biology 67, no. 4 (November 2007): 627–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842007000400006.

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Several plant characteristics, such as fruit production, nutrient reward, secondary compounds, and fruit color display, affect fruit choice by birds. On the other hand, several bird attributes affect their efficiency as dispersers. Here we investigate the ornithochoric seed dispersal of Pera glabrata Schott (Euphorbiaceae) in a cerrado fragment in southeastern Brazil. A set of bird attributes, such as frequency of visits, number of diaspores eaten, time spent foraging, methods of taking and handling the diaspores and agonistic interactions were analyzed in order to infer about the potential of each species to act as a seed disperser. Birds were the unique seed dispersers of these oil-rich diaspores. We observed 414 bird visits during 60 hours of focal observations in five trees from December 1999 to January 2000. Twenty bird species from seven families ate the diaspores of P. glabrata, but only 14 species were considered potential seed dispersers because they swallowed the diaspores, increasing the probabilities for the seeds to be defecated and/or regurgitated away from the parent trees. The main potential seed dispersers were: Turdus leucomelas (Muscicapidae), Dacnis cayana (Emberizidae), Colaptes melanochloros (Picidae) and Elaenia spp. (Tyrannidae). We did not find any significant seasonal change in the number of visits on the fruiting trees throughout the day. We also did not find any relation between the number of visits per tree and fruit production. The most effective seed dispersers of P. glabrata were generalist birds, which have a high visiting rate, high fruit consumption rate, and spend short periods on the plants. The large number of species recorded as potential seed dispersers of P. glabrata, being most of them very abundant even in Brazilian disturbed areas, may guarantee seed dispersal of this plant in small fragments and regenerating areas.
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22

Vogel, Huilquer Francisco, Rafael Metri, and Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki. "COMUNIDADE E PARTILHA ECOLÓGICA DE TURDÍDEOS (AVES: PASSERIFORMES) EM UM FRAGMENTO URBANO DE FLORESTA COM ARAUCÁRIAS EM GUARAPUAVA NO SUL DO BRASIL." Arquivos de Ciências Veterinárias e Zoologia da UNIPAR 17, no. 2 (March 20, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.25110/arqvet.v17i2.2014.4934.

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Mecanismos ecológicos que permitem a coexistência de sabiás do gênero Turdus (Turdidae) parecem não ser tão facilmente explicáveis. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho buscou compreender como está estruturada a comunidade dessas aves e investigar possíveis padrões e mecanismos que tornam possível a coexistência entre duas espécies aparentadas e relativamente semelhantes, T. leucomelas e T. rufiventris, que compartilham um fragmento florestal urbano. Por meio de capturas utilizando redes ornitológicas, foi possível descrever a estrutura da comunidade, obtendo dados ecológicos e morfológicos de cinco espécies do gênero. Para a análise da coexistência entre T. leucomelas e T. rufiventris, os parâmetros amostrados foram a abundância média por ambiente amostrado em relação às estações, estrato florestal utilizado pelas aves, aspectos morfológicos e a dieta. Os resultados apontaram que Turdus rufiventris é o mais abundante dos sabiás ocorrentes na área e também o mais constante ao longo do estudo, estando presente em 66% dos eventos de captura. Turdus leucomelas aparece em segundo lugar nas capturas com frequência de ocorrência de 55%. Turdus amaurochalinus, com 84% de ocorrência na primavera (57% anual), pode apresentar sobreposição de populações migrantes sobre populações residentes durante a mesma estação. Por sua vez, Turdus albicollis foi considerada acessória com frequência máxima de 30% no inverno. Quanto a sua dominância, Turdus subalaris foi considerada recessiva e ocasional em sua constância nas capturas. Comparações efetuadas entre T. leucomelas e T. rufiventris demonstram grande semelhança de massa corpórea, enquanto em outras variáveis, como comprimento, houve diferença significativa. Entretanto, T. rufiventris apresenta maiores amplitudes de variação e bico mais fino e comprido. As duas espécies possuíram ocorrência muito semelhante nos ambientes amostrados – borda exposta, transição e interior florestal. As espécies apresentaram uma dieta generalista com amplitude de nicho trófico superior para T. rufiventris, com sobreposição de alguns recursos alimentares. Certa segregação quanto aos estratos florestais ocupados foi detectada, principalmente na borda do fragmento, porém este não deve ser o fator fundamental para a coexistência.
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23

Ferreira, Ana Carolina, Ariodari Francisco dos Santos, and Huilquer Francisco Vogel. "Investigação bibliográfica e análise do potencial de dispersão de sementes por aves frugívoras no Brasil." Revista Brasileira de Zoociências 18, no. 2 (July 10, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.34019/2596-3325.2017.v18.24595.

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Aves exercem grande participação no processo de dispersão, embora em algumas vezes o efeito possa ser negativo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar quais espécies de aves no Brasil podem ser consideradas efetivas dispersoras. Para tanto, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico de estudos sobre frugivoria e elaborada uma matriz de dados relacionando espécies de aves e de plantas. Com o auxílio de uma análise discriminante multivariada baseada em 34 artigos entre os anos de 1990 e 2010, foi possível isolar 14 espécies com características extremamente favoráveis à dispersão, sendo consideradas dispersoras efetivas. Destas, destacam-se Turdus rufiventris, Turdus leucomelas, Turdus amaurochalinus e Tangara sayaca que, além de possuírem as principais características favoráveis à dispersão, apresentam uma alta frequência de ocorrência, contribuindo ainda mais para a qualidade da dispersão.
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24

Antonini, Yasmine, Debora Nogueira Campos Lobato, Ana Cláudia Norte, Jaime A. Ramos, Patrícia de Abreu Moreira, and Erika Martins Braga. "Patterns of avian malaria in tropical and temperate environments: testing the "The enemy release hypothesis"." Biota Neotropica 19, no. 4 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2018-0716.

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Abstract: According to the enemy release hypothesis (ERH) the spread of invasive species will be facilitated by release from their enemies as they occupy new areas. However, the ERH has rarely been tested by comparing populations of native (non-invasive, long established) species with expanding or shifting ranges, to the same species as invasive in another area. We tested the ERH with respect to blood parasite levels (prevalence and intensity of Plasmodium spp. and Haemoproteus spp.) of (a) two closely related, widely distributed species of thrush (Turdus leucomelas and T. merula), and (b) an invasive sparrow (Passer domesticus) whose range has expanded from the Old World to the New World since the 18th century. A total of 158 birds were sampled in Portugal and 99 in Brazil. All bird species were parasitized, and 55% of the individuals collected were parasitized, and the mean intensity of infection was of 28 parasites per 10,000 erythrocytes. We assessed whether differences in levels of infection (prevalence and intensity) were due to site (tropical/New World and temperate/Old World) or host species. The ERH was supported: Passer domesticus and Turdus merula had higher levels of parasitism in the Old World than in the New World. Thus, P. domesticus seems to be benefitting from its "recent" range expansion, compared to T. leucomelas, through ecological release from its native parasites and because the parasites of the recently invaded area seem to be infesting native species instead.
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25

Mendes, Solange, Víctor J. Colino-Rabanal, and Salvador J. Peris. "Adaptación acústica del canto de Turdus leucomelas (Passeriformes: Turdidae) a diferentes niveles de ruido antrópico, en el área metropolitana de Belém de Pará, Brasil." Revista de Biología Tropical 65, no. 2 (March 27, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v65i2.25721.

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Anthropogenic noise in urban environments is a major challenge for those species that depend on the transmission of acoustic signals to communicate. To avoid being masked by background noise, some bird species are able to make adjustments in their songs. Studies on vocal adjustment for tropical birds are still scarce and are of interest since both the urban structure and the vegetation associated with urban habitats differ significantly with respect to the cities of temperate climates. In this research we studied the changes in the song parameters of the pale-breasted thrush (Turdus leucomelas) in an urban environment of the metropolitan area of Belém (Brazil). To this end, bird songs were recorded and ambient noise was measured between September and November 2008, in three different acoustic environments (urban, suburban and rural) along an urban gradient. The songs of 12 individuals per area were selected (a total of 36). Possible differences between song parameters were analyzed by ANOVAs. To assess the noise impact on bird song, we only considered the spectrum of environmental noise within the range of vocalizations of the species. In general, birds of urban habitats presented songs with higher maximum frequencies and with a wider range of notes, than their counterparts in suburban and rural areas. The differences were more pronounced in relation to rural areas. No differences in the minimum frequencies, the concentration of energy, or the average duration of the notes were found. These results differ from other studies and could possibly indicate variations in the way birds try to succeed in habitats with high ambient noise. It is necessary further exploration on the role of these changes in the effective improvement of intra-specific communication for the species in such environments.
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