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Journal articles on the topic 'Turf quality'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Pirchio, Michel, Marco Fontanelli, Christian Frasconi, et al. "Autonomous Rotary Mower versus Ordinary Reel Mower—Effects of Cutting Height and Nitrogen Rate on Manila Grass Turf Quality." HortTechnology 28, no. 4 (2018): 509–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04064-18.

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High-quality sports turfs often require low mowing and frequent maintenance. Sports turfs often consist of hard-to-mow warm season turfgrasses, such as zoysiagrass (Zoysia sp.) or bermudagrass (Cynodon sp.). Although autonomous mowers have several advantages over manually operated mowers, they are not designed to mow lower than 2.0 cm and are consequently not used on high-quality sports turfs. All autonomous mowers are only equipped with rotary mowing devices and do not perform clipping removal. An ordinary autonomous mower was modified to obtain a prototype autonomous mower cutting at a low h

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Robins, Joseph G., Blair L. Waldron, and Paul G. Johnson. "Potential for the Improvement of Turf Quality in Crested Wheatgrass for Low-maintenance Conditions." HortScience 42, no. 7 (2007): 1526–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.42.7.1526.

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With the exception of the undesirable characteristic of summer dormancy and the accompanying low aesthetic value, crested wheatgrass has many desirable characteristics in semiarid environments, making it a promising candidate for lower water use turf. Using a population of 27 half-sib families, this study characterized the underlying genetics of turf quality (based on a 1–9 rating scale) of crested wheatgrass and compared the performance of crested wheatgrass turf with traditional control cultivars (‘Cody’ buffalograss, ‘Gazelle’ tall fescue, ‘Manhattan 3’ perennial ryegrass, and ‘Midnight’ Ke

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Shaver, Bradly R., S. Bruce Martin, William C. Bridges, and Paula Agudelo. "Effects of Trichodorus obtusus on zoysiagrass and bermudagrass root weight and turfgrass quality." Nematology 17, no. 6 (2015): 671–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685411-00002899.

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Trichodorus obtusus is a damaging stubby-root nematode encountered on turf. Few reports exist about the effects of T. obtusus feeding on turfgrass in field settings. A 2-year field trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of T. obtusus on turf quality and root weight of Tifway bermudagrass and Empire zoysiagrass. Core samples and turf quality ratings were taken on multiple sampling dates, from plots at multiple locations in South Carolina, USA. Nematode population densities, root weights and turf quality were used to describe the linear and non-linear relationships between them. Zoysiagrass

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Johnson, G. A., J. G. Davis, Y. L. Qian, and K. C. Doesken. "Topdressing Turf with Composted Manure Improves Soil Quality and Protects Water Quality." Soil Science Society of America Journal 70, no. 6 (2006): 2114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2005.0287.

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Kimball, Jennifer A., Thomas G. Isleib, William C. Reynolds, Maria C. Zuleta, and Susana R. Milla-Lewis. "Combining Ability for Winter Survival and Turf Quality Traits in St. Augustinegrass." HortScience 51, no. 7 (2016): 810–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.51.7.810.

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New elite st. augustinegrass cultivars with improved cold tolerance and desirable turf quality are needed for the turf industry, especially in the transitional climatic region of the United States. To efficiently use sources of cold tolerance in a breeding program, an understanding of the genetic control of this trait and its relationship to important turf quality traits is required. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate general and specific combining abilities for cold response and turf quality traits. Six diploid genotypes of st. augustinegrass were selected as parents for a

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Fermanian, Thomas W., and Jean E. Haley. "Application of Prodiamine to Immature Turfs." Weed Technology 8, no. 3 (1994): 617–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00039786.

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Turf managers use prodiamine to control annual grasses in mature turfs. Earlier, evaluations of prodiamine have indicated it has an elevated soil persistence and high activity on susceptible species. This persistence raises concern for prodiamine's effect on juvenile turf. An experiment was established to evaluate the effect of prodiamine on juvenile Kentucky bluegrass turf. Significant loss of quality occurred on turf less than one year old receiving a single application of prodiamine at ≥ 1.4 kg/ha. Split applications of prodiamine did not significantly decrease turf quality. Prodiamine at 0

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Richardson, M. D. "Morphology, Turf Quality, and Heat Tolerance of Intermediate Ryegrass." HortScience 39, no. 1 (2004): 170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.1.170.

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Bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) turf is often overseeded with a cool-season species such as perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) to provide an improved winter surface for activities such as golf or athletic events. Perennial ryegrass can become a persistent weed in overseeded turf due to the heat and disease tolerance of improved cultivars. Intermediate ryegrass is a relatively new turfgrass that is a hybrid between perennial and annual ryegrass (L. multiflorum Lam.). Very little information is available on intermediate ryegrass as an overseeding turf. Greenhouse, field, and growth chamber studi

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Jiang, Yiwei, and Robert N. Carrow. "Assessment of Narrow-band Canopy Spectral Reflectance and Turfgrass Performance under Drought Stress." HortScience 40, no. 1 (2005): 242–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.1.242.

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Canopy reflectance has the potential to determine turfgrass shoot status under drought stress conditions. The objective of this study was to describe the relationship of turf quality and leaf firing versus narrow-band canopy spectral reflectance within 400 to 1100 nm for different turfgrass species and cultivars under drought stress. Sods of four bermudagrasses (Cynodon dactylon L. × C. transvaalensis), three seashore paspalums (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz), zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica), and st. augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum), and three seeded tall fescues (Festuca arundinacea) were u

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Berndt, William L. "Salinity Affects Quality Parameters of ‘SeaDwarf’ Seashore Paspalum." HortScience 42, no. 2 (2007): 417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.42.2.417.

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Irrigating salt-tolerant grasses with nonpotable water, like salt water, conserves fresh water resources. Advertising suggests that ‘SeaDwarf’ seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum O. Swartz) is salt-tolerant and that it resists the effects of salinity on growth typically observed when irrigating other turf types with salty water. As a result, it is now being used on golf courses and home lawns in an effort to help conserve fresh water. Commensurate with the use of nonpotable irrigation, however, would be an expectation of high turf quality. This study was done to determine if the quality of ‘

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White, Richard H., and Richard E. Schmidt. "Fall Performance and Post-dormancy Growth of `Midiron' Bermudagrass in Response to Nitrogen, Iron, and Benzyladenine." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 115, no. 1 (1990): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.115.1.57.

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Field research was conducted to determine the effects of N, Fe, and benzyladenine (BA) on fall performance, post-dormancy recovery, and storage nonstructural carbohydrate composition of `Midiron' bermudagrass [Cy - nodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]. Fall green color retention and turf quality were superior for 48 than for 24 kg N/ha per month. Nitrogen level did not affect post-dormancy recovery or nonstructural carbohydrate levels in stolons and rhizomes measured in Sept. and Nov. 1983 and 1984. Iron level did not influence turf color and quality during summer months. Biweekly application of 0.6 kg

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McCarty, Lambert B., Landon C. Miller, and Daniel L. Colvin. "Bermudagrass (Cynodonspp.) Cultivar Response to Diclofop, MSMA and Metribuzin." Weed Technology 5, no. 1 (1991): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00033200.

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Postemergence grass weed control in turf-type bermudagrass is currently available only with repeated applications of organic arsenicals and/or with combinations of metribuzin which decrease turf quality. Research was conducted to determine tolerance of the turf-type bermudagrass cultivars, Tifway, Ormond, and common, to diclofop rates ranging from 0.54 to 4.48 kg ai ha-1with and without MSMA (2.2 kg ai ha-1) and metribuzin (0.2 kg ai ha-1). Bermudagrass cultivars tolerated diclofop well. When injury was evident, a rate response was noted, with higher rates (3.4 and 4.5 kg ha-1) resulting in in

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Qian, Y. L., M. C. Engelke, M. J. V. Foster, and S. Reynolds. "Trinexapac-ethyl Restricts Shoot Growth and Improves Quality of `Diamond' Zoysiagrass Under Shade." HortScience 33, no. 6 (1998): 1019–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.6.1019.

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Turfgrass is grown under extremely variable light intensities. This presents difficult management problems, and methods are needed to improve turf performance under variable shade conditions. Two experiments were conducted to determine the influence of trinexapac-ethyl (TE) on turf performance and physiological responses of `Diamond' zoysiagrass [Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr.] under several light intensities. In a polyethylene-roofed greenhouse, `Diamond' was sodded in 12 wooden boxes (1.2 × 1.2 × 0.16 m) (Expt. 1) and 18 fiber containers (55 × 38 × 12 cm) (Expt. 2). Treatments applied to boxes o

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Goatley, J. M., V. L. Maddox, D. L. Lang, R. E. Elmore, and B. R. Stewart. "Temporary Covers Maintain Fall Bermudagras Quality, Enhance Spring Greenup, and Increase Stem Carbohydrate Levels." HortScience 40, no. 1 (2005): 227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.1.227.

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The ability of a temporary turf cover and foliar-applied iron (Fe) to sustain or promote bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) × transvaalensis Burtt-Davy `Tifway' growth beyond its normal growing periods in central Mississippi was evaluated during the fall, winter, and spring seasons of 1998-2001. The application of a polypropylene turf blanket when night temperatures were predicted to be ≤4 °C extended acceptable bermudagrass turf quality by 5 to 8 weeks in the fall and winter period as compared to the uncovered control plots. Also, complete green-up of the turf occurred 4 to 6 weeks earlier t

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Chism, William J., and S. Wayne Bingham. "Postemergence Control of Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) with Herbicides." Weed Science 39, no. 1 (1991): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004317450005788x.

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Four field locations were used to compare environmental factors on efficacy of four postemergence grass herbicides in Kentucky bluegrass and bermudagrass turf. Imazaquin, BAS 514, and tridiphane were compared to fenoxaprop-ethyl, a registered herbicide, for postemergence control of large crabgrass. Best large crabgrass control was provided by BAS 514 and fenoxaprop-ethyl. Use of BAS 514 gave equal turf quality, phytotoxicity to the turf, large crabgrass control, and stand compared to fenoxaprop-ethyl. Imazaquin and tridiphane reduced turf quality and were phytotoxic to both turf types, and did

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Johnson, B. Jack, and Robert E. Burns. "Effect of Timing of Spring Applications of Herbicides on Quality of Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Turf." Weed Science 33, no. 2 (1985): 238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500082175.

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Oxadiazon [2-tert-butyl-4(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-δ2-1,3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one] applied to dormant bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers. ‘Tifway’ ♯ CYNDA] retarded early foliar growth more than other herbicides evaluated. When bensulide [O,O-diisopropyl phosphorodithioateS-ester withN-(2-mercaptoethyl)benzenesulfonamide] treatments were delayed until after bermudagrass initiated spring growth, foliar growth and quality were generally lower than when the treatments were applied to dormant turf. Retardation of early foliar bermudagrass growth by 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid]

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Liu, Xiaozhong, and Bingru Huang. "Seasonal Changes and Cultivar Difference in Turf Quality, Photosynthesis, and Respiration of Creeping Bentgrass." HortScience 36, no. 6 (2001): 1131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.36.6.1131.

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Summer decline in turf quality of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Hud.) is a major problem in golf course green management. The objective of this study was to examine whether seasonal changes and cultivar variations in turf performance are associated with changes in photosynthesis and respiration rates for creeping bentgrass. The study was conducted on a USGA-specification putting green in Manhattan, Kans., during 1997 and 1998. Four creeping bentgrass cultivars, `L-93', `Crenshaw', `Penncross', and `Providence', were examined. Grasses were mowed daily at 4 mm and irrigated on alternate

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Shearman, R. C., L. A. Wit, S. Severmutlu, H. Budak, and R. E. Gaussoin. "Colorant Effects on Dormant Buffalograss Turf Performance." HortTechnology 15, no. 2 (2005): 244–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.15.2.0244.

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Dormant buffalograss (Buchloë dactyloides) turfs, grown under field conditions, were treated with a colorant and evaluated for turfgrass color, quality, and cover. In addition, turfgrass canopy and soil temperatures were measured. Colorant treatments improved turfgrass color and quality when compared to the untreated control, and resulted in a color response that appeared similar to cool season turfgrasses growing in areas adjacent to the studies. Colorant treatments increased canopy and soil temperatures, and enhanced spring green-up. These results support the use of colorants as a means of

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Bunderson, Landon D., Paul G. Johnson, Kelly L. Kopp, and Adam Van Dyke. "Tools for Evaluating Native Grasses as Low Maintenance Turf." HortTechnology 19, no. 3 (2009): 626–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.19.3.626.

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Visual ratings are the standard for evaluating turfgrass quality. However, to provide more objective evaluations and to address statistical concerns, other methods have been developed to measure turfgrass quality, including digital image analysis and measurements of chlorophyll content. These have been largely applied to traditionally used turfgrass species, but here we used these methods to evaluate turfgrass quality of nontraditional species and mixtures that are native or adapted to the intermountain west region of North America. Two fertilizer treatments (1.0 or 2.0 lb/1000 ft2 nitrogen) w

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Hummel, Norman W., Melissa Craven Fowler, and Joseph C. Neal. "Prodiamine Effects on Quality and Rooting of Kentucky Bluegrass Turf." Crop Science 30, no. 5 (1990): 976. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1990.0011183x003000050003x.

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Volterrani, M., N. Grossi, M. Gaetani, and A. Pompeiano. "ZOYSIAGRASS CULTIVAR ESTABLISHMENT RATE AND TURF QUALITY IN CENTRAL ITALY." Acta Horticulturae, no. 881 (November 2010): 313–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2010.881.42.

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21

Trenholm, L. E., J. B. Unruh, and J. B. Sartain. "NITRATE LEACHING AND TURF QUALITY IN NEWLY SODDED ST. AUGUSTINEGRASS." Journal of Plant Nutrition 36, no. 12 (2013): 1935–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2013.819893.

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Hayes, A. R., C. F. Mancino, W. Y. Forden, D. M. Kopec, and I. L. Pepper. "Irrigation of Turfgrass with Secondary Sewage Effluent: II. Turf Quality." Agronomy Journal 82, no. 5 (1990): 943–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj1990.00021962008200050021x.

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Kannan, Baskaran, Nelson Horacio Davila-Olivas, Paula Lomba, and Fredy Altpeter. "In vitro chemical mutagenesis improves the turf quality of bahiagrass." Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) 120, no. 2 (2014): 551–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11240-014-0621-2.

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Zhu, Huisen, and Deying Li. "Using Humus on Golf Course Fairways to Alleviate Soil Salinity Problems." HortTechnology 28, no. 3 (2018): 284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech03989-18.

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Increased use of recycled water along with inherent soil salinity problems on golf courses make salinity an important issue for golf course management. The objective of this study was to investigate if using humus on golf fairways by topdressing or spraying can alleviate soil salinity problems and improve turf quality. The study was conducted from 2015 to 2017 at Aurora, CO, and Medora, ND. Treatments included an untreated control, topdressing (sand, sand + peat), and spraying of humic acid. Our results showed that the application of humus increased the soil microbial biomass and improved turf

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Xiang, Zhao, Zhu Huisen, Gao Yang, and Li Deying. "Salinity Tolerance of Turf-type Tall Fescue as Affected by Nitrogen Sources." HortScience 53, no. 11 (2018): 1695–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13164-18.

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Tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb) Dumort] has potential in cool arid regions, where it is often subject to salinity stress. The objective of this 2-year field study was to investigate the effect of nitrogen sources on tall fescue turf quality under salinity stress in the northern Great Plains of North America. ‘Wolfpack’, ‘Wolfpack II’, ‘Tar Heel’, ‘Tar Heel II’, ‘Jaguar 3’, ‘Jaguar 4G’, and ‘Arid 3’ were treated with NaCl and CaCl2 in equal amounts. Six N sources were used for fertilization: nitrate-N, urea-N, ammonium-N, urea-N/ammonium-N/nitrate-N, urea-N with urase and nitrifi

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Watkins, Eric, and William A. Meyer. "Morphological Characterization of Turf-type Tall Fescue Genotypes." HortScience 39, no. 3 (2004): 615–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.3.615.

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Recently, turfgrass breeders have developed many improved turf-type tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) cultivars. Due to the large number of cultivars currently available to turfgrass managers and researchers, we have classified turf-type tall fescue cultivars into six groups based primarily on several morphological measurements. This type of classification is important for turfgrass breeders because many breeding decisions are made based on observations in a spaced-plant nursery. The major objective of this study was to classify tall fescue cultivars and selections based on spaced-plan

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Fu, J. M., A. J. Koski, and Y. L. Qian. "Responses of Creeping Bentgrass to Salinity and Mowing Management: Growth and Turf Quality." HortScience 40, no. 2 (2005): 463–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.2.463.

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Salt problems in turfgrass sites are becoming more common. The effects of mowing management on salinity tolerance are not well understood. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of three mowing regimes on turf quality and growth responses of `L-93' creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris L.) to salinity stress. Sods of `L-93' creeping bentgrass were grown in containers (45 cm long and 10 cm in diameter) in a greenhouse. Treatments included three mowing regimes (clipping three times weekly at 25.4 mm, four times at 12.7 mm, and daily at 6.4 mm) and four levels of irrigation water

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Qian, Y. L., J. M. Fu, S. J. Wilhelm, D. Christensen, and A. J. Koski. "Relative Salinity Tolerance of Turf-type Saltgrass Selections." HortScience 42, no. 2 (2007): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.42.2.205.

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Salt-tolerant turfgrass is highly desirable in areas associated with saline soils or saline irrigation waters. To determine the salt tolerance of 14 saltgrass [Distichlis spicata var. stricta (Greene)] selections, two greenhouse studies were conducted by means of a hydroponic culture system. Five salinity levels (from 2 to 48 dS·m−1) were created with ocean salts. In general, turf quality decreased and leaf firing increased as salinity increased. However, varying levels of salt tolerance were observed among selections based on leaf firing, turf quality, root growth, and clipping yield. Selecti

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Harivandi, M. Ali, William L. Hagan, M. Zak Mousli, and Lin Wu. "Establishing Hard Fescue from Sod." HortTechnology 14, no. 1 (2004): 88–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.14.1.0088.

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Stand establishment of direct-seeded hard fescue (Festuca longifolia) is slow. Sodding could speed establishment in landscape plantings. This study looked at the effects of two sod thicknesses and different rates of nitrogen fertilization before and after sodding, on stand establishment and overall turf quality. Evaluations 2, 4 and 8 weeks after sodding assessed rooting and overall turf quality. Thicker sod showed better rooting 4 weeks after planting; after 8 weeks, rooting of both thicknesses was similar. Nitrogen fertilization before or after sodding did not affect rooting. More nitrogen l

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McCarty, Lambert B., and Daniel L. Colvin. "Carpetgrass Response to Postemergence Herbicides." Weed Technology 5, no. 3 (1991): 563–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00027330.

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Carpetgrass is a warm season grass used in the south as low maintenance turf, especially in wet areas where other turf species do not persist. The response of carpetgrass to postemergence (POST) herbicides currently available for turf producers has not been thoroughly investigated and was the objective of four experiments conducted over a 2-yr period. Slight reduction in turf quality followed application of atrazine (2.2 kg ai ha-1), bentazon (2.2 kg ai ha-1), imazaquin (0.4 and 0.6 kg ai ha-1), mecoprop (1.1 kg ai ha-1), triclopyr (0.6 kg ai ha-1), metsulfuron (0.2 kg ai ha-1), 2,4-D (1.1 kg

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McCullough, Patrick E., Haibo Liu, Lambert B. McCarty, Ted Whitwell, and Joe E. Toler. "Growth and Nutrient Partitioning of `TifEagle' Bermudagrass as Influenced by Nitrogen and Trinexapac-ethyl." HortScience 41, no. 2 (2006): 453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.2.453.

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Dwarf-type bermudagrasses [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davey] tolerate long-term golf green mowing heights but require heavy nitrogen (N) fertilizations. Inhibiting leaf growth with trinexapac-ethyl (TE) could reduce shoot growth competition for root reserves and improve nutrient use efficiency. Two greenhouse experiments evaluated four N levels, 6 (N6), 12 (N12), 18 (N18), and 24 (N24) kg N/ha/week, with TE at 0 and 0.05 kg·ha–1 a.i. every 3 weeks to assess rooting, nutrient allocation, clipping yield, and chlorophyll concentration of `TifEagle' bermudagrass grown in

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McCullough, Patrick E., Lambert B. McCarty, Haibo Liu, and Ted Whitwell. "Response of ‘TifEagle’ Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon × Cynodon transvaalensis) to Ethephon and Trinexapac-ethyl." Weed Technology 19, no. 2 (2005): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-04-230.

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Turf managers combine ethephon with trinexapac-ethyl (TE) on bentgrass greens to suppress annual bluegrass, inhibit turf growth, and enhance turf quality; however, effects of this growth regulator combination have not been reported on bermudagrass greens. Two experiments were conducted at the Clemson University Greenhouse Complex to investigate the response of ‘TifEagle’ bermudagrass to ethephon and TE. TifEagle bermudagrass plugs were placed in pots with 23-cm depths, 324-cm2 total surface areas, and a soil medium of an 85:15 (v/v) sand and peat moss mix. Ethephon was applied at 0, 3.8 (EP1),

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Pirchio, Michel, Marco Fontanelli, Fabio Labanca, et al. "Comparison between Different Rotary Mowing Systems: Testing a New Method to Calculate Turfgrass Mowing Quality." Agriculture 8, no. 10 (2018): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture8100152.

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Poor quality in turfgrass mowing is highlighted by the shredded leaf tips with necrotic tissues that give an unsightly brownish colour to the turf and may also lead to turf disease. Mowing quality is also typically assessed by visual rating, thus the score depends on the person doing the assessment. To make the evaluation of mowing quality not subjective, an innovative method was developed. The aim of the trial was to examine the effects of different mowing systems and two different nitrogen rates (100 and 200 kg ha−1) on two turfgrass species in order to test the new mowing quality calculatio

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Nelson, L. R., J. Crowder, and H. B. Pemberton. "Performance and Transition Date of a Turf-type Annual Ryegrass in Comparison to Perennial Ryegrass and Fine Fescues." HortTechnology 15, no. 2 (2005): 304–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.15.2.0304.

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Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) has traditionally been used to overseed warm-season grasses in the southern U.S. when warm-season sods are dormant due to chilling temperatures. In this study we investigated overseeding turf-type annual ryegrass (two cultivars of L. multiflorum and one cultivar of L. rigidum) and chewing fescue (Festuca rubra var. commutata) as well as perennial ryegrass onto a warm-season common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) sod. The objective was to compare turf quality, turf color, and transition date of turf-type annuals with perennials and other cool-season grasses.

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Shearman, R. C., H. Budak, S. Severmutlu, and R. E. Gaussoin. "Bur Seeding Rate Effects on Turf-type Buffalograss Establishment." HortTechnology 15, no. 2 (2005): 246–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.15.2.0246.

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Little or no research information exists in the literature regarding recommended seeding rates of improved turf-type buffalograss (Buchloë dactyloides) cultivars, like `Bowie'. This research was conducted to determine the effect of bur seeding rate on turfgrass establishment of `Bowie' buffalograss. Two experiments were initiated on 21 July 2002 on diverse sites at the John Seaton Anderson Turfgrass Research Facility located near Mead, Nebr. Bur seeding rate effects on turfgrass quality, shoot density and cover, and seedling density were evaluated during the 2002 and 2003 growing seasons. Bur

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Jiang, Yiwei, Robert N. Carrow, and Ronny R. Duncan. "Correlation Analysis Procedures for Canopy Spectral Reflectance Data of Seashore Paspalum under Traffic Stress." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 128, no. 3 (2003): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.128.3.0343.

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Traffic stresses often cause a decline in turfgrass quality. Analysis of spectral reflectance is valuable for assessing turfgrass canopy status. The objectives of this study were to determine correlations of narrow band canopy reflectance and selected reflectance indices with canopy temperature and turf quality for seashore paspalum exposed to wear and wear plus soil compaction traffic stresses, and to evaluate the effects of the first derivative of reflectance and degree of data smoothing (spectral manipulations) on such correlations. `Sea Isle 1' seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz)

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Nelson, Linda S., Kurt D. Getsinger, and Kien T. Luu. "Effect of Chemical Treatments on Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) Suppression." Weed Technology 7, no. 1 (1993): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x0003699x.

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Field studies were conducted at Charleston, SC to evaluate the effects of six chemical treatments on bahiagrass and the potential of these treatments to reduce mowing operations. Sulfometuron, maleic hydrazide, and imazethapyr plus imazapyr, in decreasing order of effectiveness, were the most consistent treatments evaluated during the 2-yr study. Sulfometuron reduced bahiagrass vegetative height (23%) for 6 to 8 WAT and suppressed 87 to 92% of seedheads without adversely affecting turf quality. All treatments temporarily discolored turf; however, effects were not objectionable for medium- to l

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Reyneri, A., and G. Bruno. "EFFECTS OF WEAR AND TURF PROPERTIES ON PLAYING QUALITY FOR SOCCER." Acta Horticulturae, no. 661 (November 2004): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2004.661.37.

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Ebdon, J. S., R. A. Gagne, and R. C. Manley. "Comparative Cold Tolerance in Diverse Turf Quality Genotypes of Perennial Ryegrass." HortScience 37, no. 5 (2002): 826–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.37.5.826.

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Turf loss from freezing injury results in costly reestablishment, especially with turfgrasses such as perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) having poor low-temperature tolerance. However, no studies have been conducted to investigate the relative importance of low-temperature tolerance and its contribution to turfgrass quality (performance) in northern climates. The objective of this research was to compare critical freezing thresholds (LT50) of 10 perennial ryegrass cultivars representing contrasting turf-quality types (five high- and five low-performance cultivars). Cultivar selection was b

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Bell, G. E., D. L. Martin, S. G. Wiese, et al. "Vehicle‐Mounted Optical Sensing: An Objective Means for Evaluating Turf Quality." Crop Science 42, no. 1 (2002): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2002.1970.

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Menegon, Alessandro, Stefano Macolino, John H. McCalla, Filippo Rimi, and Michael D. Richardson. "Turf Quality and Species Dynamics in Bermudagrass and Kentucky Bluegrass Mixtures." Agronomy Journal 109, no. 4 (2017): 1502–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2016.08.0461.

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Bartlett, M. D., I. T. James, M. Ford, and M. Jennings-Temple. "Testing natural turf sports surfaces: The value of performance quality standards." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 223, no. 1 (2008): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/17543371jset24.

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Akbari, M., H. Salehi, and M. Khosh-Khui. "Cool-warm seasonPoa–Cynodonseed mixtures and their turf growth and quality." Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Soil & Plant Science 61, no. 6 (2011): 559–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2010.526134.

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Stier, John, Zac Reicher, and Glenn Hardebeck. "Effect of the Growth Regulator Proxy on Creeping Bentgrass Fairway Turf." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 18, no. 1 (2000): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-18.1.53.

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Abstract Proxy is a newly-labeled plant growth regulator (PGR) for use on golf course and commercial turfgrass areas. Four rates of Proxy (ethephon), 2.3, 3.6, 4.6, and 9.1 kg ai/ha (2.0, 3.2, 4.1, and 8.2 lb ai/A,) were compared to Primo (trinexapac-ethyl) at 1.0 kg ai/ha (0.9 lb ai/A) and an untreated control for clipping reduction and effects on aesthetics of creeping bentgrass maintained as fairway turf. Treatments were applied three times at 28-day intervals during 1998 at locations in Indiana and Wisconsin. Proxy was as effective at reducing clipping yields as Primo, although the magnitu

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Sanchez-Sanchez, Javier, Alejandro Martinez-Rodriguez, Jose Luis Felipe, et al. "Effect of Natural Turf, Artificial Turf, and Sand Surfaces on Sprint Performance. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24 (2020): 9478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249478.

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The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of natural turf, artificial turf, and sand on sprint performance in different sports and to determine how the sport surface affects sprint performance. A systematic search was conducted in Pubmed, Web of Sciences, and SPORTDiscus databases. Out of 5644 studies, 11 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The studies were very heterogeneous, as they examined different structural characteristics or quality parameters. The studies on natural turf and sand showed significant improvements on sprint speed during training. On the other hand, the a

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Pote, John, Zhaolong Wang, and Bingru Huang. "Timing and Temperature of Physiological Decline for Creeping Bentgrass." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 131, no. 5 (2006): 608–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.131.5.608.

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Knowledge of the level of soil temperatures that is detrimental for shoot and root growth for cool-season grasses may help develop heat-tolerant plants and effective management practices to improve summer performance. The objectives of this study were to determine the level and duration of high temperatures in the root zone that will induce decline for various growth and physiological parameters and to compare the responses of different physiological parameters and cultivars to high root-zone temperatures. Nine creeping bentgrass [Agrostis stolonifera L. var. palustris (Huds.) Farw.] cultivars

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McCullough, Patrick E., Haibo Liu, and Lambert B. McCarty. "Ethephon and Gibberellic Acid Inhibitors Influence Creeping Bentgrass Putting Green Quality and Ball Roll Distances." HortScience 40, no. 6 (2005): 1902–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.6.1902.

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Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are often applied in combinations to reduce turf clippings, enhance turf quality, and suppress Poa annua L.; however, effects of PGR combinations on putting green ball roll distances have not been reported. Two field experiments were conducted on an `L-93' creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera var. palustris Huds.) putting green in Clemson, S.C., to investigate effects of four PGRs with and without a subsequent application of ethephon at 3.8 kg·ha–1 a.i. 6 days after initial treatments. The PGRs initially applied included ethephon at 3.8 kg·ha–1 a.i., flurprim

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Roberts, Joseph A., Michael D. Soika, and David F. Ritchie. "Impact of Antimicrobial Compounds on Etiolation Caused by Xanthomonas translucens and on Turf Quality of Creeping Bentgrass Putting-Green Turf." Applied Turfgrass Science 11, no. 1 (2014): ATS—2014–0047—RS. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/ats-2014-0047-rs.

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Cooper, R. J., and L. A. Spokas. "Growth, Quality, and Foliar Iron Concentration of Kentucky Bluegrass Treated with Chelated Iron Sources." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 116, no. 5 (1991): 798–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.116.5.798.

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Supplemental Fe fertilization to improve turfgrass quality has become an increasingly common practice on many turfgrass areas. Field studies were conducted to evaluate the nutrient uptake, growth, and quality of Kentucky bluegrass (Pea pratensis L.) treated with chelated Fe sources. Iron sources were evaluated over 2 years at 1.5,3.0, and 6.0 kg Fe/ha applied in May, July, and September of each year. Turf treated with an iron orthophosphate citrate source (Fe-PC) exhibited more foliar growth than nontreated turf on seven of 11 sampling dates during the study. Iron citrate sources [Fe-C(EI) and

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Pennucci, Annamarie. "FINE FESCUE SPECIES AND CULTIVARS FOR GOLF COURSE ROUGH AND MOUND USE." HortScience 31, no. 6 (1996): 911C—911. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.6.911c.

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Five species and 27 cultivars of fine-leaved fescues (Festuca sp.) were evaluated for low-maintenance utility turf in a variety of golf course conditions. Cultivar selection and management techniques varied across six sites in 4 years. Germination, tillering, rapidity of establishment, turf density, and general turfgrass quality were significantly different between both species and cultivars. Annual and seasonal decline and recovery of turf quality was also dependent on both species and cultivar. Greater differences exist within cultivars in some species than between species. Aspect, slope, so

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