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1
Uzgel, İlhan. "Ulusal çıkar ve dış politika Tü[r]k dış politikasının belirlenmesinde ulusal çıkarın rolü, 1983-1991 /." Kızılay, Ankara : İmge Kitabevi, 2004. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/57302474.html.
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Yıldız, Mehmet Gürkaynak Muharrem. "Avrupa Birliği'ne tam üyelik başvurusuna giden süreçte Turgut Özal'ın yaklaşımları, çalışmaları ve politikası /." Isparta : SDÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2008. http://tez.sdu.edu.tr/Tezler/TS00669.pdf.
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Turgut, Hatice [Verfasser], and C. [Akademischer Betreuer] Barner-Kowollik. "Functional Block Copolymers as Platforms for Patterned Immobilization / Hatice Turgut ; Betreuer: C. Barner-Kowollik." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1122461593/34.
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Turgut, Sarah [Verfasser], and Karlheinz [Akademischer Betreuer] Sonntag. "Gesundheit im Arbeitskontext - eine Mehrebenenbetrachtung aus inhaltlicher und methodischer Perspektive / Sarah Turgut ; Betreuer: Karlheinz Sonntag." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1180032780/34.
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Yakacikli, Lebriz. "Les relations de la Turquie avec les ex-républiques soviétiques eurasiennes et caucasiennes sous Turgut Özal: une tentative de soft power." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210525.
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Il s'agit d'étudier la tentative de la Turquie de se positionner comme une puissance sur les échiquiers eurasiens et caucasiens sous la présidence de Turgut OzalDoctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Aknur, Müge. "Civil-military relations in Turkey : analysis of civilian leaders." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85113.
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This dissertation seeks to contribute to our understanding of the role played by civilian leaders in the consolidation of democracy examining changes in levels of military influence over politics. This study departs from typical military-centric civil-military relations literature by employing a civilian-centric analysis. In particular, it shows how the former's focus on changing levels of internal threat cannot account for variations in the levels of civilian control over the military. The study instead adopts a framework that focuses on the incentive structure of civilian leaders as determined by competitive elections; the political capacity of leaders as reflected in their parliamentary majority, political experience and the effectiveness of their economic policies; and institutional rules, such as the system of government and organization of the parties. The thesis argues that, depending on their incentive structure and political capacity, the civilian leaders will either challenge a politically powerful military or ally with that military by adopting its preference structures. The relevance of this model for understanding civil-military relations in the aftermath of a transition to democracy is explored in the Turkish case by examining the shift from low to high levels of military influence between late 1980s and mid-1990s. The thesis identifies this shift by looking at the incentive structure and the political capacity of two civilian leaders: Prime Minister/President Turgut Ozal and Prime Minister Tansu Ciller.
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Gökçe, Orhan. "Das Bild der Türken in der deutschen Presse : eine Inhaltsanalyse der Berichterstattung zum Besuch des türkischen Ministerpräsidenten Turgut Özal im Herbst 1984 in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland /." Giessen : W. Schmitz, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb366638321.
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Fontaine, Philippe. "L'entrepreneur chez Turgot." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010032.
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Chez Turgot, le comportement d'entrepreneur désigne une séquence : la formation de l'épargne, sa transformation en capital, l'utilisation de celui-ci a la constitution d'avances. Il est l'expression d'une norme qui règle l'activité économique et permet d'expliquer le mouvement des richesses : l'égalisation de l'épargne et de l'investissement. Deux conditions apparaissent alors déterminantes pour la réussite de l'entreprise : la possession d'un capital et la disposition de qualités d'"intelligence". Satisfaisant a ces deux exigences, l'entrepreneur-capitaliste occupe une place essentielle dans l'enrichissement de la sociétéIn Turgot's works, the entrepreneur's behaviour refers to a sequence : the saving process, the transformation of saving into capital, the employment of this capital for making "advances". This behaviour corresponds to a norm the levelling of saving with investment -, which determines the economic activity and enables to explain the circulation of wealth. Then, two prerequisites appear as determining for the success of the undertaking : the entrepreneur is assumed to be a wealthy and intelligent man. While fulfiling both requirements, the "capitalist-entrepreneur" plays an essential part in the enrichment of the society
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Stanforth, Gregory Owen. "Turret envy /." Online version of thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11954.
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Horiuchi, Yusaku 1968. "Turnout twist : higher voter turnout in lower-level elections." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8240.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Political Science, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 180-195).
American and European political scientists have claimed that subnational elections record lower voter turnout than national elections in most democracies. Contrary to this conventional wisdom, Japanese municipal elections often record considerably higher voter turnout than national elections, particularly in small towns and villages. Why is Japan different from most other democracies? Is Japan the only exception? What explains such exceptionally high local turnout in rural Japan? Under what conditions do lower-level elections produce higher voter turnout? By examining these questions, this dissertation aims to improve our understanding of incentives affecting electoral participation both at national and subnational levels. First, I show that Japan is not the only exception. There are some other important cases of higher voter turnout in lower-level elections, which I define as the "turnout twist" phenomenon. They can be found in Australia, Canada, Finland, France, India, Italy, Northern Ireland, Spain, and Switzerland. Second, I hypothesize that relative voter turnout in subnational vs. national elections is determined by the relative magnitudes of how much is at stake and how much votes count ("vote significance") in these elections. In lower-level elections, electoral outcomes may less significantly affect public policies, but citizens may be able to affect the electoral outcomes more significantly by voting. Therefore, if the effect of vote significance outweighs the effect of stake, "turnout twist" is a logically possible consequence.
(cont.) I statistically test this model using cross-national data, cross-municipality Japanese data, and individual-level survey data from Japan. The results show that the model has impressive explanatory power. Finally, based on findings from my field research, I show that the electoral system used in Japanese municipal assembly elections (i.e., the single non-transferable vote system with an at-large district) produces very small vote margins between candidates, and thus gives a strong incentive to both voters and candidates to think hard about how much votes count.
by Yusaku Horiuchi.
Ph.D.
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Bergström, Jimmy. "Closeness and voter turnout." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-185455.
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In this paper I examine how closeness between the traditional political blocks affects voter turnout in the Swedish municipal elections 2014 and 2018. The results of the two elections shows that closeness between the traditional blocks is not a relevant factor for individuals when they decide to vote or abstain. The voter turnout do not increases when its close between the political blocks. The rapport argument for the complexity in predicting coalition government in multi-party systems. This makes voters consider other factors then closness when they decide to vote or abstain. Despite the none statistic significant results of closeness and turnout, the most relevant factors when individuals decide to vote or abstain is based on socioeconomic variabels. The voter turnout is therefore more likley to be affected by socioeconomic characteristics than a tight race between political blocks.
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Serot, Thierry. "Les composes volatils de la chair de turbot (scophthal mus maximus) et leurs precurseurs : etude comparative du turbot sauvage et du turbot d'elevage." Nantes, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NANT2104.
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La perception de la qualite organoleptique des poissons d'elevage par les consommateurs est souvent negative. Le turbot n'echappe pas a cette regle. Les consommateurs souhaitent disposer de produits possedant des caracteristiques sensorielles les plus proches possibles de celles des poissons preleves dans le milieu naturel. Cette these a donc pour objectif d'evaluer les caracteristiques des composes impliques dans la flaveur de la chair de turbot sauvage et de turbot d'elevage ; en particulier celles des composes responsables de l'odeur de la chair de turbot apres cuisson mais aussi de leurs precurseurs lipidiques et amines. La chair de turbot d'elevage contient plus de lipides principalement sous forme de triglycerides la repartition des classes de phospholipides est identique dans la chair des deux groupes de poissons. Toutes les classes de lipides de la chair de turbot d'elevage contiennent des proportions plus faibles d'acides gras polyinsatures de la serie n3 mais des proportions plus elevees d'acides gras polyinsatures de la serie n6 et d'acides gras monoinsatures (20:1, 22:1). Le rapport n3/n6 est plus eleve dans toutes les fractions lipidiques de la chair du turbot sauvage excepte dans la fraction phosphatidyl inositol. Ces differences de compositions sont liees a des differences d'alimentation des deux populations de turbot. La chair de turbot d'elevage contient plus d'acides amines libres. Elle contient plus d'acides amines polaires alors que la chair de turbot sauvage contient plus d'acides amines apolaires. La majorite des composes volatils extraits de la chair du turbot sont des composes issus de l'oxydation des lipides. La chair de turbot d'elevage contient plus de composes volatils. Cependant, nous n'avons pas montre de difference quant a la nature des composes volatils presents dans la chair des deux groupes de poissons. Par des techniques d'olfactometrie nous avons montre que les composes qui contribuent a l'odeur de la chair de turbot cuit proviennent de l'oxydation des acides gras ((z)-4-heptenal (e, z)-2,6-nonadienal, (e, e)-2,4-decadienal). Mais des composes comme la trimethylamine ou la 2,3 butanedione presentent egalement des frequences de detection elevees et une forte intensite. Les resultats des tests sensoriels ne montrent de difference ni pour l'intensite ni pour les caracteristiques de l'odeur entre le turbot sauvage et le turbot d'elevage.
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Rowe, Kelly T. "Turnout models and election context." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/276166.
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The number of people choosing to vote or abstain varies over elections and across
countries. The reasons why individuals may choose to vote in one election but not the
next are not completely known. Election context seems to play a role but there is not a
clear set of contextual variables that political scientists employ that capture why turnout
- or individual decisions to vote - fluctuates from one election to the next. There
remains a need fill this literature gap. This dissertation attempts to move our
understanding of turnout variation forward. It does so by analysing three election
contexts with cross-national as well as individual-level data for specific countries. The
results suggest that factors such as emotional responses to election issues, the economy,
the party system, and class voting, have an impact on whether people vote or not.El número de personas eligiendo si votar o abtenerse varia entre elecciones a tavés de países. Las razones por la que un individuo pueda decidir votar en unas elecciones, pero no en las siguientes són completamente desconocidas. El contexto de las elecciones parece desempeñar un papel, pero no hay un claro grupo de variables contextuales que politólogos usen que explique porque la participación electoral fluctúe de unas elecciones a las siguientes. Sigue existiendo la necesidad de llenar este vacío en la literatura. Esta tesis doctoral intenta mover la comprensión de la variación de la participación hacia adelante. Mediante el analisis de tres contextos electorales y usando datos de varios paises así como a nivel individual para ciertos países, los resultados sugieren que factores como respuestas emocionales a temas electorales, la economia, el sistema de partidos y el voto de clase, tienen un impacto en si la población votará o no.
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Reynolds, Miron R. "Political knowledge and voter turnout." Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2009. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/441.
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Bussche, Jens von dem. "Modelling the spatial distribution of blackbird (Turdus merula) and ring ouzel (Turdus torquatus) in Switzerland." Master's thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2006. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2007/1401/.
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To characterise the habitat preferences of ring ouzel (Turdus torquatus) and blackbird (T. merula) in Switzerland, we adopt species distribution modelling and predict the species’ spatial distribution. We model on two different scales to analyse in how far downscaling leads to a different set of predictors to describe the realised habitat best. While the models on macroscale (grid of one square kilometre) cover the entire country, we select a set of smaller plots for modelling on territory scale. Whereas ring ouzels occur in altitudes above 1’000 m a.s.l. only, blackbirds occur from the lowlands up to the timber line. The altitudinal range overlap of the two species is up to 400 m. Despite both species coexist on macroscale, a direct niche overlap on territory scale is rare. Small-scale differences in vegetation cover and structure seem to play a dominant role for habitat selection. On macroscale however, we observe a high dependency on climatic variables mainly representing the altitudinal range and the related forest structure preferred by the two species. Applying the models for climate change scenarios, we predict a decline of suitable habitat for the ring ouzel with a simultaneous median altitudinal shift of +440 m until 2070. In contrast, the blackbird is predicted to benefit from higher temperatures and expand its range to higher elevations.Unter Verwendung von Habitatmodellen beschreiben wir die Habitatpräferenz von Amsel (Turdus merula) und Ringdrossel (T. torquatus) in der Schweiz. Mit Hilfe verschiedener Klimaszenarien prognostizieren wir zudem die künftige potentielle Verbreitung beider Arten. Zur Beschreibung eines eventuell auftretenden Skalensprungs, d.h. einer Änderung in der Beschreibungskraft der Variablen auf verschiedenen räumlichen Ebenen, erstellten wir Modelle auf zwei unterschiedlichen Skalen. Während das Modell auf Makroskala mit einer Maschenweite von einem Quadratkilometer die gesamte Schweiz abdeckt, erstellten wir zudem eine Auswahl an Untersuchungsgebieten auf Revierebene. Ringdrosseln zeigen ihren Verbreitungsschwerpunkt in der subalpinen Lage, während Amseln vornehmlich das Tiefland und die Tallagen besiedeln und nur vereinzelt in hohe Lagen vordringen. In einem Gürtel von ungefähr 400 Höhenmetern siedeln beide Arten parallel.Trotz dieses auf der Makroskala erkennbaren Überschneidungsbereiches konnten wir in unserer Untersuchung auf Revierebene, von einer Ausnahme abgesehen, keine Koexistenz beobachten. Kleinräumige Unterschiede in der Habitatstruktur, insbesondere in der Vegetationsbedeckung scheinen demnach für die Habitatselektion von maßgeblicher Bedeutung zu sein. Auf Makroebene hingegen wurde der Einfluss klimatischer Variablen deutlich, die neben der Höhenlage auch dort typische Vegetationsstrukturen widerspiegeln. Wie die Klimaszenarien zeigen, nehmen geeignete Ringdrosselhabitate bei steigenden Temperaturen ab und die Art weicht im Mittel um 440 m in höhere Lagen zurück. Für Amseln scheint sich eine zunehmende Erwärmung jedoch positiv auszuwirken, während das Verbreitungsgebiet im Tiefland beibehalten wird, dringt sie von den Tälern ausgehend zunehmend in höhere Lagen vor.
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Lott, Leslie. "Primary Systems and Voter Turnout: Measuring the Institutional Effect of Primary Type on Voter Turnout." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2009. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/956.
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Using the 1990, 1994 and 1998 Congressional mid-term elections, this study looks at whether the type of primary system in a person's state has an effect on whether or not that person will vote in the general election. The five types of primary systems (closed, semi-closed, semiopen, open and blanket) are explained as well as traditional factors for likelihood of voting. It is hypothesized that the more closed the primary system, the less likely a person is to vote. Data analysis shows that when significant, living in an open primary state does significantly increase the likelihood that a person will vote. However, primary type was significant in only six of the nine models studied here.
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Ilić, Slobodan. "Ḥüseyin Lāmekānī : ein osmanischer Dichter und Mystiker und sein literarisches Werk /." Weisbaden : Harrassowitz Verlag, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb392477054.
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Arvidsson, Lina. "Vem är turisten i tidningen Turist : en analys av tolv resereportage ur Svenska Turistföreningens medlemstidning Turist." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-29257.
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Den här uppsatsen analyserar tolv texter från Svenska Turistföreningens medlemstidning Turist. Texterna är hämtade från 1964 till 2014 med två nedslag vart tionde år. Syftet med uppsatsen är att ta reda på vem turisten i de analyserade reportagen är, hur hen ser på sig själv och på andra som hen möter under sina resor och hur landskap, väder, miljöer och människor beskrivs. Analysen är gjord med ett frågeschema som skapats med stöd från massmedieretorisk och narratologisk metod. De aspekter som undersöks handlar framför allt om hur människor på resmålet beskrivs, hur landskap, djur och väder beskrivs och används i berättelserna, hur turisten ser på sig själv och andra och vilka värderingar som framkommer. De teoretiska ramar som används utgår från romantikens syn på besjälade landskap samt en postkolonial syn på turism och turister och deras påverkan på turistmål. Resultatet visar att turisten ser både resmål, miljö och människorna på resmålen med exotifierande ögon. Turisten längtar efter äkthet och strävar under sin semester efter att bli en mer äkta, rejäl och hälsosam människa. Det framkommer också att bildspråk och sätt att skildra naturen har starka kopplingar till romantikens strömningar. Landskapet beskrivs som besjälat och vädret speglar turistens sinnesstämningar.
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Robert, John M. "The Issue with Latino Voter Turnout: How Does the Issue of Immigration Affect Latino Voter Turnout?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500164/.
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In this study, I investigate how the issue of immigration affects Latino voter turnout. I hypothesize that U.S. Latino citizens who view immigration as highly important and helpful to the United States will be more likely to turn out to vote in midterm and presidential elections. In addition to a contextual analysis on elections in Arizona and California, I perform a probit regression analysis on survey data from Pew Hispanic's 2004 National Survey of Latinos on Politics and Civic Participation. The results are mixed with respect to the initial expectations. While respondents who view immigration as important and helpful are more likely to turn out than those who view immigration as important and hurtful, the results suggest that respondents who find immigration as unimportant may not be less likely to turn out. Further, there are some differences between Latino subgroups, although these differences are minor. Ultimately, the hypotheses presented in this study find moderate support.
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Aggeborn, Linuz. "Voting System, Voter Turnout, Policy Outcome." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-156872.
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In the last decades a number of countries in the developed world have experienced a drop in voter turnout. The public sector is in the end run by politicians who are elected by the people and for that reason it is interesting to study how a variation in turnout will affect public policy outcome. The purpose of this master’s thesis is to investigate the potential causal link that runs between voting system, turnout and policy by empirically testing the Meltzer & Richard’s theory from 1981. I use Swedish and Finnish municipal panel data and apply IV-regression. The constitutional change in 1970 when Sweden changed from having separate election days for the central and the local governments into having one joint election day, is used as instrument for turnout. I find that an increased turnout rate also leads to higher local tax rate indicating that turnout actually has an impact on policy outcome.
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Boroughs, Bryan. "Social networking websites and voter turnout." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm) Connect to Electronic Thesis (ProQuest), 2010. http://worldcat.org/oclc/647748328/viewonline.
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Dray, James Daniel. "Voter turnout in Sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b4889265-1bae-45cc-b12a-4fa92d441800.
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This thesis addresses the question of who votes in Africa and why. It uses three sets of quantitative data at three different levels to test its claims: an original compilation of national level institutional and socioeconomic indicators for over 700 elections from independence until 2006 compiled by the author; the Afrobarometer survey of almost 50 000 voters in 17 multiparty African regimes; and the first ever purpose-built survey aimed at testing rational choice turnout models in an African case study, which was designed, administered and analysed by the author in 2005 in Durban, South Africa. It uses a mixture of statistical methods to test comprehensively the determinants of voting in pooled and multilevel, logistic and linear, individual and national level models. It finds that the central claims of the rational choice model do not generally apply in African elections. Both the closeness of the election and the costs of participation are not found to be central to the voting calculus of African voters. Instead those citizens who face the highest barriers to participation in the West: the rural, poor and minimally educated, are the citizens who vote most in Africa. The thesis argues that this is because turnout in Africa is mobilised turnout and these are the groups of people targeted by mobilising agents. It further finds that three central institutions of African politics; ethnicity, clientelism and regime type further structure patterns of mobilisation in ways that have been entirely neglected in studies of turnout until now. Finally, it confirms that voting is habitual and that voters are socialised by formative experiences in their youth, especially the nature of the regime that they grow up in and how democratic they think the country is.
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Kartal, Hasan. "L'architecture chretienne de la georgie turque." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR20023.
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L'architecture religieuse de l'ancien royaume de tao-klardjetie, qui se situe dans l'actuelle georgie turque, presente une originalite par rapport aux autres architectures du monde oriental au moyen-age. C'est l'observation de cette originalite qui nous a amene a exposer dans notre ouvrage les traits caracteristiques de l'architecture des eglises chretiennes de tao-klardjetie en les etudiant une a une. Nous constatons ainsi que, si ces edifices ont des traits communs avec les eglises des pays voisins que sont l'armenie, byzance et la partie de la georgie correspondant a l'actuelle georgie de la c. E. I. , notamment en ce qui concerne la plupart des plans et la maconnerie ainsi que de nombreuses sculptures, l'architecture religieuse de tao-klardjetie, elle, se singularise par de nombreux types d'eglises differents (plans, tambours, etc. . . ) et par la richesse et la nature des ornements (sculptures, fresques)The religious architecture of the ancient kingdom of tao-klardjet, located in what is now turkish georgia, offers an originality in comparison with other forms of architecture of the east during the middle age. Observing this originality led us to present in our work the characteristic features of the architecture of christian churches in tao-klardjet by studying them individually. It can therefore be seen that if these edifices present common features with the churches in the neighbouring countries of armenia, byzance and that part of georgia of the c. I. S. , particulary as far as most plans, masonry sculptures are concerned, the religious architecture in tao-klardjet is conspicuous by the many types of different churches (plans, drums, etc. . . ) and by the richness and the nature of its ornaments (sculptures, frescoes)
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Sengül, Ramazan. "L'administration locale turque en quête d'autonomie." Amiens, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AMIE0050.
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Pujeau, Emmanuelle. "Paolo Giovio et la question turque." Toulouse 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU20044.
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Quelle fut la position de Paolo Giovo (1486-1552), évêque de Nocera et médecin pontifical, sur la question turque ? Le traitement réservé par lui à trois événements majeurs de son époque que furent la vistoire de Tunis de 1535, l'entreprise malheureuse de la Preveza de 14538 et la défaite de Rhodes de 1522 nous a permis de cerner l'historien qu'était Paolo Giovio. Ses récits très détaillés étant le résultat d'une documentation de qualité, il devenait dès lors nécessaire de reconstituer ces sources. Le milieu vénitien se révéla être particulièrement déterminant ; se posa alors la question de l'opinion de Giovio sur la question turque, opinion manifestement liée à sa conception de l'Europe qu'il envisageait comme la république chrétienne. Enfin, ses capacités et son activité dépassant manifestement son rôle d'historien, il nous fallut déterminer la nature de ses interventions et les effets de ses écrits sur ses contemporains et sur ses successeursWhat was the point of view of the bishop of Nocera, the papal physician Paolo Giovio (1486-1552), on the turkish question ? His way to describe three great events of his age (the victory of Tunis in 1535, the unsuccessfull campaign of Prevesa in 1538 and the fall of Rhodes in 1522) was an help to figure out what sort of historian was Paolo Giovio. Analysing his detailed stories, result of a very good information, it was necessary to piece together his sources. Discovering that the venitian circle was a very determining factor in the Giovio's information, it needed to establish the Giovo's mind on the turkish question, an opinion manifestly in connection with his idea of Europe, that he did consider as the christian republic. After all, his capacities and his activities obviously exceeding his historian part, it was usefull to define the nature of his interventions and the effects of his written works on his contemporaries and successors
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Arslan, Nur Gürani. "Türk edebiyatında Amerika ve Amerikalılar /." İstanbul : Boğaziçi üniversitesi, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb410622675.
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Pichavant-Rafini, Karine. "Contribution à l'étude des capacités adaptatives du turbot (scophthalmus maximus) et du bar (dicentrarchus labrax) à une hypoxie exogène : aspects metaboliques et cellulaires." Brest, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BRES2016.
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Face à une hypoxie modérée à long terme, les premières stratégies mises en oeuvre par le turbot et le bar consistent à diminuer certaines dépenses énergétiques compressibles associées au métabolisme de routine : prise alimentaire et croissance. Le turbot est un poisson oxyrégulateur. A partir du point critique, l'hyperventilation n'est plus suffisante pour compenser le déficit en o 2 du milieu. L’hypothèse d'un recours au métabolisme anaérobie est discutée. En hypoxie sévère, la diminution importante de la pression partielle d'o 2 du sang artériel jusqu'a un seuil de 32 mmhg induit la libération de catécholamines dans la circulation sanguine. Le maintien de la charge énergétique adenylique du muscle et du foie pourrait indiquer l'efficacité de la production d'atp par la glycolyse anaérobie. L’affinité de l'hémoglobine pour l'o 2 n'est pas modifiée chez le bar confronté à une hypoxie de longue durée quelle que soit sa sévérité. Il en est de même chez le turbot lors d'une hypoxie modérée à long terme. Par contre, pour des pressions partielles d'o 2 basses (40 mmhg), une diminution de l'affinité de l'hémoglobine a été mise en évidence chez cette espèce. Cette adaptation, permettant une meilleure libération de l'o 2 au niveau des tissus consommateurs, est pour la première fois mise en évidence chez les poissons. Chez le turbot, un échangeur na +/h + de la membrane érythrocytaire est mis en évidence in vitro par stimulation adrénergique. L’alcalinisation intracellulaire qui en résulte pourrait permettre au turbot de moduler rapidement l'affinité de l'hémoglobine pour l'o 2 via l'effet bohr suite à une hypoxie. Ce travail réalisé chez le turbot et le bar a permis de préciser des éléments sur les capacités adaptatives de ces deux espèces de téléostéens marins à une hypoxie exogène. D’après l'ensemble des résultats, ces poissons apparaissent résistants à l'hypoxie.
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Jokinen, Heidi. "Turku Museum of History." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-262843.
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In 2017 Finland celebrated its 100 years of independence. In honour of this event the City of Turku, Finland’s oldest city and former capital, decided to gift Finland a History Museum to commemorate the event. This project’s purpose is to propose a location, a program and a building for the museum. I have chosen a location in Turku Harbour across the street from Turku Castle, a fortress that has been on the site since 13th century. Today the Castle functions as a museum and is the city’s most popular museum with about 140 000 visitors annually. On the south end of the site there are four log warehouses belonging to the Castle from 1880’s as well as in the north end a 1930’s brick building that also functions as a warehouse. The Museums brings together not only the history of Finland and that of the City of Turku, but also the different buildings on the site. The new building is in the middle of the site, it brings together the surrounding buildings by parasiting itself to the existing buildings and in that way connecting them.
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Andersson, Per. "Decreaseing turnout - a blessing or a curse?" Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-126568.
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This essay presents empirical tests of one of the conclusions from Bryan Caplan's 2007 book The Myth of the Rational Voter. Caplan claims that voters suffer from systematic biases about economic policy that through elections affects economic policy negatively. I derive three hypotheses from Caplan's theory and test them on a cross-country panel of 19 countries covering the time 1973 to 2009. The hypotheses stipulate that increased turnout lead to lower economic freedom, lower levels of foreign aid and higher inflation. After controlling for country specific effects turnout does not seem to have the effect stipulated in the three hypotheses.
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SANDU, ROXANA IONELA. "The European Union: Voting, Turnout and Legitimacy." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1429.
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Perseguendo politiche comuni per gli Stati membri, l'Unione Europea si è trasformata da unione puramente economica ad unione politica. Tuttavia, per quanto riguarda quest'ultimo aspetto, è stato fatto poco. Lo scetticismo è venuto a caratterizzare il clima politico dell'Unione Europea e l’elevata eterogeneità nei termini degli Stati membri hanno causato difficoltà nel processo decisionale.
Questa tesi si concentra sulle politiche europee da tre aspetti: la legittimità, che si riferisce al sostegno politico dei cittadini, il comportamento di voto e di partecipazione dei cittadini. Una delle questioni principali della ricerca riguarda l’esistenza delle basi per la genesi di veri e propri partiti politici europei, come via d’uscita dalla crisi di legittimità dell'Unione Europea. Ci si chiede poi quali sono i principali fattori che influenzano la partecipazione alle elezioni del Parlamento Europeo, dal momento che esso è l'unica fonte diretta di legittimità. Infine, si studiano le cause del gap in affluenza per le elezioni europee e nazionali, guardando la quota di voto del partito. L'argomento principale per l’esistenza dei partiti pan-europei è quello di difendere gli stessi interessi e valori su scala europea. I risultati empirici sottolineano che la polarizzazione di classe sociale, è già presente nei primi 12 Stati membri dell'UE, e anche nei nuovi Stati membri, mentre nelle elezioni del Parlamento europeo gli elettori votano sinceramente. In conclusione: l'Europa soddisfa la base per la creazione di partiti pan-Europei che difendino vere e proprie politiche europee, mirate ai gruppi sociali che rappresentano, come una possibile soluzione per la crisi di legittimità.By pursuing common policies for its Member States, the European Union moved from being a purely economic union, to being a political one as well. However, little has been done to tackle the latter aspect. Skepticism has come to characterize the political climate of the European Union and high heterogeneity in terms of Member States has induced difficulties in the decision-making process. This thesis focuses on the European Politics from three aspects: legitimacy, which refers to citizens’ political support, voting behavior and turnout. One of the main research questions we address is whether or not the basis for the existence of true European party politics exists, as a way out of the European Union legitimacy crisis. Then, we ask what are the main factors that influence electoral participation in the European Parliament elections since it is the only source of direct legitimacy. Lastly, we investigate what are the causes for the turnout gap across European and National elections, looking at the party vote share. The main argument for pan-European to exist is to defend the same values and interests European-wide. Empirical results point out that social class's polarization already exists in the initial 12 EU Member States, as well as later entries, while in the European Parliament elections voters cast their vote sincerely. We conclude that Europe fulfils the base requirement for the creation of true European politics, party politics and social groups' targeted-policies being a possible solution for the legitimacy crisis.
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Stuhlen, Birgit. "The mechanical design of turgid plant tissues." Thesis, University of Reading, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312582.
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Manson, Forbes Donald Castell. "Chitinolytic enzymes of turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.)." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.277191.
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Hernàndez, Hernàndez Valeria. "Interaction between turgor pressure and plasmodesmata permeability." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEN076.
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Les cellules végétales sont entourées par une paroi cellulaire rigide, ce qui qui exclut des processus essentiels au développement animal, comme la migration cellulaire et le réarrangement des tissus. Au lieu de cela, le développement des plantes repose sur la division et l'expansion cellulaires. Le paradigme actuel suppose que l’expansion cellulaire dépend des propriétés biomécaniques de la paroi cellulaire et de la génération de la pression de turgescence. Les plasmodesmes sont des canaux membranaires qui relient des cellules voisines et permettent la libre circulation des molécules plus petites que leur diamètre (définissant leur perméabilité). Il est établi que la perméabilité des plasmodesmes change au cours du développement de la plante et que ces modifications peuvent affecter le mouvement des sucres. Pour cette raison, la perméabilité des plasmodesmes semble être un bon candidat pour la régulation de la pression de turgescence lors de l'expansion cellulaire, cependant, son rôle reste largement inexploré. Ainsi, des études antérieures suggèrent que les plasmodesmes peuvent répondre aux changements de pression de turgescence. Dans ce travail, nous avons avancé l'hypothèse selon laquelle la pression de turgescence et la perméabilité des plasmodesmes pourraient s’influence au cours du développement de la plante. Nous avons abordé ce problème en mettant tout d'abord en avant un réseau d'interactions entre différents facteurs cellulaires et moléculaires susceptibles de médier ces rétroactions entre la turgescence et les plasmodesmes. Deuxièmement, nous avons généré un modèle informatique pour explorer une direction de ces interactions: le rôle de la perméabilité des plasmodesmes sur la régulation de la pression de turgescence. Notre modèle utilise les équations de Lockhart décrivant l’expansion cellulaire irréversible, auxquelles sont ajoutées les flux d'eau et de solutés à travers les plasmodesmes. Nous avons utilisé la fibre de coton comme système d’étude car il s’agit d’une cellule unique qui ne se divise pas et qui augmente généralement en longueur. De plus, des études expérimentales antérieures dans ce système ont montré une corrélation entre la fermeture de plasmodesmes et des valeurs maximales de la pression de turgescence. Les résultats de notre modèle suggèrent que la perméabilité des plasmodesmes est en effet un facteur clé dans la régulation de la turgescence et de la croissance de la fibre du coton. De plus, nous suggérons que des changements dynamiques de la perméabilité des plasmodesmes soient nécessaires pour récupérer les comportements de pression de turgescence qui ont été rapportés expérimentalementPlant cells are surrounded by the rigid cell wall that precludes developmental processes that are central in animal development, like cell migration and tissue rearrangement. Instead, plant development relies on cell division and expansion. The current paradigm assumes that cell expansion depends on the biomechanical properties of the cell wall and on the generation of turgor pressure. Plasmodesmata are membrane-lined channels that connect neighboring cells and allow free movement of molecules that are smaller than their diameter (i.e., permeability). It is known that plasmodesmal permeability changes during plant development and that these modifications can affect movement of sugars. Because of this, plasmodesmal permeability seems to be a good candidate for the regulation of turgor pressure during cell expansion, however, its contribution remains largely unexplored. In turn, previous studies suggest that plasmodesmata may respond to changes in turgor pressure. In this work we put forward the hypothesis that turgor pressure and plasmodesmal permeability may affect each other during plant development. We addressed this problem by, first, putting forward a network of interactions between different cellular and molecular factors that might mediate these feedbacks between turgor and plasmodesmata. Second, we generated a computational model to explore one direction of these interactions: the role of plasmodesmal permeability on turgor pressure regulation. Our model uses Lockhart's equations for irreversible cell expansion with addition of plasmodesmal-dependent fluxes of water and solutes. We used cotton fiber as a study system because it is a single cell without division that mostly increases in length. Furthermore, previous experimental studies in this system have correlated closure of plasmodesmata with peak values of turgor pressure. The results of our model suggest that plasmodesmal permeability is, indeed, a key factor in regulating turgor and cotton fiber growth. Moreover, we suggest that dynamical changes of plasmodesmal permeability are needed in order to recover turgor pressure behaviors that have been experimentally reported. Finally, we explored with our collaborators the potential contribution of plasmodesmal permeability in the evolution of complex multicellular plants using the "Dynamical Patterning Modules" (DPMs) framework. These ideas can be useful in understanding how plant body plans originated
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Akaslan, Tarat. "Sémio-syntaxe de l'énonciation en langue turque." Tours, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOUR2013.
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La présente recherche, effectuée dans la perspective de la théorie des opérations énonciatives d'A. Culioli, aborde plusieurs phénomènes de la langue turque en termes d'énonciation et de prédication. Partant de l’idée que tout énoncé résulte d'une opération de repérage, que cette opération est effectuée dans une situation d'énonciation, et qu'on peut ainsi appréhender l'énonce comme le produit d'une série d'opérations" effectuées selon des points de vue énonciatifs combinés, elle se propose de démontrer que les catégories linguistiques sont des valeurs référentielles complexes construites à partir de plusieurs instances : le niveau notionnel, le niveau prédicatif et le niveau énonciatif. Ainsi, par une approche "sémio-syntaxique", soit elle réinterprète certains phénomènes de la langue turque déjà abordés mais d'une manière insatisfaisante, soit elle traite de nombreux problèmes inaperçus ou laissés inexpliqués par la tradition grammaticale qui n'a fait souvent qu'appréhender le turc à partir des formes morpho-syntaxiques de surface dans une démarche purement classificatoire : les catégories des personnes et des temps grammaticaux, de l'aspect, la voix, les arguments de l'énoncé, les énoncés nominaux, la tropicalisation, la focalisation, la typologie notionnelle, etc.
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Akarçay, Gürbüz Ayça. "Transformations et résistances structurelles de l'économie turque." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0124.
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Cette thèse a pour objectif l'analyse des aspects sectoriels (industrialisation, tertiarisation) et macroéconomiques (commerce, investissement) de la transformation structurelle en Turquie à partir de différentes approches. Le premier chapitre identifie, empiriquement, différentes trajectoires de transformation structurelle dans une perspective comparative. Les résultats indiquent que l'économie turque est caractérisée par une industrialisation relativement faible et une tertiarisation prématurée accompagnée d'un faible taux d'investissement. Le deuxième chapitre montre, dans le cadre fourni par les lois de Kaldor, la faiblesse de la contribution du secteur manufacturier à la croissance et la productivité. Le troisième chapitre estime les caractéristiques du régime de productivité durant la période récente à partir d'un modèle de causalité cumulative. Les résultats indiquent que le taux d'investissement n'a pas d'influence à long terme, les importations affectent négativement la productivité et ont un rôle important dans le processus d'ajustement. Le dernier chapitre étudie les relations en termes de prix, production, emploi et productivité entre le secteur manufacturier et le reste de l'économie. Les résultats indiquent un manque d'intégration en termes de production et d'emploi entre le secteur manufacturier et les services, ce qui confirme l'aspect pathologique du processus de tertiarisation. Finalement, cette thèse permet d'identifier les fragilités structurelles de l'économie turque: un taux d'investissement et une amélioration technologique faibles exacerbant un processus d'industrialisation limité qui s'articule avec difficulté à la tertiarisation croissanteThis thesis aims at analyzing sectoral (industrialization, tertiarization) and macroeconomic aspects (trade, investment) of structural transformation in Turkey using different approaches. The first chapter empirically identifies different trajectories of structural transformation in a comparative perspective. The results indicate that the Turkish economy is characterized by a relatively weak industrialization and a premature tertiarization accompanied by a low investment rate. The second chapter shows the weakness of the manufacturing sector's contribution to growth and productivity over the long run, in the framework of Kaldor's laws. The third chapter estimates the characteristics of the productivity regime over the recent period using a cumulative causation mode! The estimation results indicate that the investment rate does not have an influence in the long run, imports affect negatively productivity, and have an important role in the adjustment process. The last chapter studies relations in terms of price, production, employment and productivity between the manufacturing sector and the rest of the economy. The results indicate a lack of integration between the manufacturing and the services sectors in terms of production and employment, which confirms the pathological aspect of the tertiarization process. Ultimately, this thesis allows identifying structural fragilities of the Turkish economy: weak investment rate and: technological upgrading exacerbating a limited industrialization process that has difficulties in articulating with an increased tertiarization
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La, Voy Thomas. "Strict Photo ID, Voter Turnout, and Race." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1368441541.
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Royer-Artuso, Nicolas. "L'harmonie vocalique turque : entre théories et pratique." Thèse, Université Laval, 2015. http://constellation.uqac.ca/3524/1/RoyerArtuso_uqac_0862N_10157.pdf.
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Dans ce travail, je propose que l'harmonie vocalique turque n'est plus un phénomène phonologique synchroniquement productif en cette langue. Ce qui est jugé harmonique n'est en fait que les traces d'un système harmonique ancien, traces qui se sont morphologisées. La démonstration est faite 1) en critiquant la littérature existante et en montrant les paradoxes auxquels elle mène et 2) en regardant du côté des travaux sur l'acquisition du langage, la perception du langage et le transfert linguistique. Il est montré que la seule raison de postuler l'harmonie vocalique turque tient à nos présupposés sur ce qu'est la morphologie d'une langue. Certains modèles phonologiques ne prenant pas en compte ces présupposés sont ensuite étudiés. Une formalisation utilisant le modèle morphologique Whole Word Morphology est finalement proposée.
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Erasmo, Mario. "The death of Turnus in the "Aeneid"." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5592.
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Aydınoğlu, Ergun. "La gauche turque des annees soixante (1960-1971) : la formation manquee du mouvement politique de la classe ouvriere turque." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STR20040.
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Le travail commence par un expose du mouvement communiste turc et du mouvement de la classe ouvriere turque entre 1920-1960. Le chapitre suivant porte sur l'evolution de la gauche turque pendant la periode qui suit le coup d'etat du 27 mai 1960. Les differences programmatiques et tactiques entre les nouvelles et anciennes generations au debut des annees soixante et la fondations du parti ouvrier de turquie (tip) sont sujets d'analyses. Dans le 3eme chapitre, le projet politique de la gauche des annees soixante est examine a travers les deux hebdomadaires politiques, forum et yon, et le programme du tip. Le 4eme chapitre est axe sur le debat de strategie et de tactique au sein de la gauche turque. Le 5eme chapitre est consacre au mouvement mdd, dirige par les "anciens" communistes. Une organisation politique de la jeunesse radicale d'apres 1968, le dev-genc, et l'emergence d'une nouvelle avant-garde ouvriere sont analysees dans le 6eme chapitre. Le dernier chapitre decrit la phase ultime de la decomposition de la gauche turque vers la fin de cette decennie. Enfin dans la conclusion, les forces et les faiblesses du processus du mouvement politique de la classe ouvriere turque sont enumeresThe study begins with a general survey of the turkish communist and and working class movement between 1920-1960. The second chapter deals with the evolution of the turkish left after the military coup of 27 may 1960. In this context, programmatic and tactical differences betweeb the old and new generation of left cadres and the foundation of the turkish workers party (tip) are evaluated. In the third chapter, the political project of the turkish left of the 60's is examined by a review fo two weeklies, forum and yon, as well as by an overlook at tip's programme. The fourth chapter concerns the debate in the turkish left on the questions of political strategy and tactics. The fifth chapter is devoted to the mdd current lead by "old" communists. The sixth chapter is about dev-genc, a political organisation of young generation revolutionaries, and the rise of the new working class vanguard. Finally, the last chapter describes the ultimate phase in the decomposition of the turkish left. The conclusion summarises the chances and obstacles in the process of building the turkish working class' political movement
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Bonnevie, Bo Tørris. "The biology of suburban olive thrushes (Turdus olivaceus olivaceus) in the Eastern Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Connect to this title online, 2005. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/161/.
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Notier, Andrew. "PATHWAY ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VOTER TURNOUT AND HOURS WORKED USING VOTER TURNOUT AND COLLECTIVE BARGAINING COVERAGE AS INTERMEDIARIES." OpenSIUC, 2009. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/3.
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This study explores the hypothesis that high voter turnout leads to increased leisure. The path is hypothesized to begin with high voter turnout, which creates a political environment that enables strong labor protection. The path then extends from collective bargaining to income equality, which is the final necessary step to increasing leisure time. This study examines data on voter turnout, collective bargaining coverage, income equality as measured by the GINI Index and hours worked in order to determine if a significant relationship exists between voter turnout and the number of hours worked. Twenty nations were used in this study: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom and United States. It was concluded that although significant relationships were found to exist between each of the variables studied, there is no significant statistical relationship between voter turnout and the number of hours worked per capita within each country.
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Kosmidis, Spyros P. "Undecided democracy : macro-indecision, turnout and vote choice." Thesis, University of Essex, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.537935.
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Creighton, Emma. "Reproductive strategies in the European blackbird, Turdus merula." Thesis, Open University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340703.
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Holland, Daryl Phillip. "Measurements on planktonic cyanobacteria : sinking, survival & turgor." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441382.
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Desrochers, Andre. "Age and reproduction in European blackbirds, Turdus merula." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386029.
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Markland, Helen Maria. "Maternal investment in the European Blackbird Turdus merula." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613390.
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Açimuz, Hayriye Bige. "Le droit des risques naturels : comparaison franco-turque." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010253.
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L'augmentation de l'ampleur et de la fréquence des catastrophes naturelles engendre sur le plan juridique de nouvelles obligations qui incombent aux pouvoirs publics: l'amélioration de la connaissance du risque, l'information active des populations, la mise en place des normes territorialisées de prévention et le développement des mécanismes d'indemnisation. Cette prolifération de normes, résultant de la montée de l'exigence de sécurité, révèle également l'évolution de l'appréhension des risques naturels par le droit. L'action administrative évolue vers une gestion globale et intégrée des risques naturels en recouvrant toutes les étapes de la gestion du risque et en développant une approche territoriale par l'utilisation des outils du droit de l'urbanisme et du droit de l'environnement. Les droits français et turc, similaires quant à leur tradition de droit public, témoignent certaines divergences dans le choix des instruments juridiques et dans la répartition des compétences.
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Menevse, Akif. "La justice constitutionnelle sous la troisième république turque." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CLF10163.
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La constitution turque actuelle prévoit des restrictions en matière de justice constitutionnelle. Mais la constitution n'est pas la seule responsable des lacunes qui existent dans le domaine de la protection des libertés publiques. La cour constitutionnelle a, elle aussi, une part de responsabilité à ce sujet. En effet, dans certains cas, sa jurisprudence manque d'audace et fait parfois meme l'objet de controverses. Mais l'importance de la cour constitutionnelle, dans la vie publique turque, demeure incontestableThe current Turkish constitution lays down restrictions as far as constitutional justice is concerned. But the constitution is not alone to be blamed for the deficiencies existing in the field of protection of public liberties. Constitutional court too is partly responsible for this matter. Actually, in some cases, its jurisprudence lacks audacity and sometimes even causes controversy. But the importance of the constitutional court in Turkish public life remains indisputable
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Aktan, Yusuf. "La laïcité : le pilier de l'identité républicaine turque." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020092/document.
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Depuis la fondation de la République Turque en 1923, la laïcité constitue le principe le plus discuté et controversé, notamment car le rejet d’un des autres principes n’a jamais été perçu, comme c’est le cas pour la laïcité, comme impliquant un rejet de la République elle-même. Que signifie la laïcité pour la Turquie ? Le renforcement de l’autorité des élites ? Ou le sens de la République ? Aujourd’hui, comment comprenons-nous la laïcité, et avons-nous besoin de la redéfinir ? Sans réaliser une analyse poussée des fondements socio-religieux du pays, les travaux étudiant la laïcité turque ont tendance à se borner à des descriptions formelles et rigides. La laïcité est le principe juridique exprimant la neutralité de l’État envers toutes les croyances religieuses, et sa purification de toutes références religieuses. Néanmoins dans les faits, nous n’avons jamais vu une telle application de laïcité, si pure et théorique. Ce qui fait de la laïcité un instrument d’oppression est en réalité, un ensemble de symboles et de mythes encerclant le sens de la laïcité. Cet ensemble de symboles et de mythes constitue une religion politique, rigide et incontestable. Pour cette raison, les travaux étudiant l’application du principe de laïcité ont perçu les symboles de la religion politique comme une laïcité distincte et particulière. Dans notre travail, nous allons étudier les bases historiques et philosophiques de la laïcité en Turquie. Notre but est de mettre en relief les origines de la laïcité et son évolution en tant que religion politique, opposée à l’Islam traditionnel et politique. Dans la dernière partie de notre travail, nous allons étudier la laïcité en Turquie dans le contexte de la démocratie, à la lumière de la jurisprudence de la Cour Européenne des Droits de l’Homme, afin de savoir s’il est nécessaire de la redéfinirSince the foundation of the Republic of Turkey in 1923 the secularism « la laïcité » is discussed much more than any other topic and its denial meant the denial of Turkish Republic. However, what does secularism mean for Turkey? Is it the reinforcement of elite’s authorities? Or is it the definition of Republic? Nowadays, how do we understand secularism and do we need to redefine it? In Turkey most of the academic works about secularism are still not brining any additional value rather than staying as another description of secularism. The dictionary description of secularism « la laïcité » is that, the state must be natural against all religious beliefs and do not stand as a reference point for any religion. But in practice, the secularism cannot be defined as straight as its definition, it never appears with those sharp borders and in that purity. The factors, which are transforming secularism from a legitimate view to a control mechanism, are its symbols and myths that are considered as part of secularism. Actually, these myths and symbols are forming an undeniable political religion. For that reason most of the previous academic works which are analyzing secularism by considering these myths and symbols as an add-on to the term of secularism, pushed us to look and create a new definition of this concept. In this work, we will analyse the historical and philosophical basis of secularism. We will also trace the origin and the formation of secularism as a political religion opposite to the traditional and political Islam. In this work, we will analyse the historical and philosophical basis of secularism. We will also trace the origin and the formation of secularism as a political religion opposite to the traditional and political Islam.The final part of work will observe secularism in the light of the jurisprudence of the European Convention of Human Rights and, the democracy in order to understand if the notion of secularism in Turkey requires redefinition
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Andersson, Santiago Gabriel, and Martin Favre. "DesinoBot : The construction of a color tracking turret." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-184249.
Full textAbstract:
In a way to explore the different ways a computer may discern information from its surroundings this is a thesis focusing on analysis of a live camera feed. The core is how to build a turret, a tower with rotating axes, using a single-card computer and a camera module and make it interact based on visual input. The interaction explored is to track an object in the live feed. The tracking is solved by using Python 2 with OpenCV’s color-filter and contour-finder to create color tracking used to find a predefined object and determine the vector which the turret will aim towards. The turret is mounted on a motor-controlled chassis for increased mobility. Additional research is made on the turret’s control system to find the most efficient and still reliable one if cycleskips of calculations are introduced for performance saving. Herein is a full construction of said turret and extended explanation of relevant theory. The final product is able to follow a pre-specified object with a distinct and homogenous color, with dependable certainty and is able to take user-defined actions based on the information. Cycleskips to increase performance is determined, through statistical experiments, not to be an efficient method.I syfte att utforska olika sätt som en dator kan urskilja information från sin omgivning är detta ett projekt med fokus på analys av ett direkt kameraflöde. Grunden i projektet är hur man bygger ett kanontorn med roterande axlar med hjälp av en enkortsdator och kameramodul för att se till att systemet agerar baserat på visuell information. Det specifika interagerandet som utforskas är att spåra och följa ett objekt i kameraflödet. Spårningen löses med hjälp av Python 2 med OpenCVs färgfilter och konturfinnare för att tillsammans skapa färgsökning som används för att hitta ett fördefinierat föremål och bestämma vektorn som kanontornet kommer att sikta mot. Kanontornet är monterat påett motorstyrt chassi för ökad mobilitet. Utökad forskning görs på kanontornets styrsystem för att hitta det mest effektiva och fortfarande tillförlitliga styrsystem om cykelskippning införs över alla beräkningar för sparande av prestanda. Häri är en fullständig konstruktion av nämnda kanontorn och djupgående förklaring av relevant teori. Slutprodukten kan följa ett förbestämt objekt med en distinkt och homogen färg, med pålitlig säkerhet och klarar av att ta användardefinierade handlingar grundade på den givna informationen. Cykelskippning för att spara prestanda bevisas genom statistiska tester inte vara en effektiv metod.