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1
Marilungo, Francesco. "Shaping Diyarbakır through words : representations and narrations of the city in Kurdish and Turkish literature during the twentieth and twenty-first century." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/34644.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this dissertation is to discuss the image of the city of Diyarbakır as emerging from Kurdish and Turkish literature throughout the twentieth century. Diyarbakır city represents a highly contentious place in socio-political and cultural terms for the Kurdish vis-à-vis the Turkish imagined community. The first chapter is dedicated to the image of the city previous to the foundation of the Turkish Republic in 1923 as emerging from accounts of travellers from different ages and different languages. Then, in four different chapters, four different corpuses of Turkish and Kurdish literature are taken under the focus of the analysis. Each corpus allows the discussion of certain aspects and themes related to the city. Overall, each chapter and each corpus constitute a piece of the deconstructed literary image of the city, which is at the centre of this research. Since Diyarbakır is a contested city, its representations are deeply involved in processes of appropriation and symbolization of place. Therefore, in the shaping of literary Diyarbakır throughout the twentieth century, the conflicting political dynamics between the Turkish State and local Kurdish actors play a crucial role.
2
Raman, Ilhan. "Single-word naming in a transparent alphabetic orthography." Thesis, Middlesex University, 1999. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/6754/.
Full textAbstract:
The cognitive processes involved in single-word naming of the transparent Turkish orthography were examined in a series of nine naming experiments on adult native readers. In Experiment 1, a significant word frequency effect was observed when matched (i.e. on initial phoneme, letter length and number of syllables) high- and low-frequency words were presented for naming. However, no frequency effect was found in Experiment 2, when an equal number of matched (i.e. on initial phoneme, letter length and number of syllables) nonword fillers were mixed with the target words. A null frequency effect was also found in Experiment 3 when conditions were mixed-blocks, i.e. high- and low frequency were words presented in separate blocks mixed with an equal number of matched nonword fillers. Experiment 4 served the purpose of creating and validating nonwords (to be used in Experiments 5 and 6) that could be named as fast as high- and low-frequency words by manipulating the letter length of nonwords. A significant word frequency effect emerged with both the mixed-block design (Experiment 5) and mixed design (Experiment 6) when the nonword fillers matched the target words in speed of naming. Experiment 7, however, found no frequency effect when high- and low-frequency words were mixed with word fillers that were slower to be named (longer in length) than the target words. In Experiment 8, frequency was factorially manipulated with imageability (high vs. low) and level of skill (very skilled vs. skilled) which found significant main effects for word frequency and level of skill, and a significant 2-way interaction of skill by imageability and a significant 3-way interaction of skill by imageability by frequency. In Experiment 9, however, there was only a main effect for frequency when previously skilled readers performed on the same words used in Experiment 8. These findings suggest that whilst a lexical route dominates in naming the transparent Turkish orthography, an explanation that the readers shut down the operation of this route in the presence of nonword fillers is not entertained. Instead, the results suggest that both routes operate in naming, with the inclusion of filler stimuli and their “perceived difficulty” having an impact in the time criterion for articulation. Moreover, there are indications that a semantic route is involved in naming Turkish only when level of skill is taken into account. Implications of these findings for models of single-word naming are discussed.
3
Tozkar, Ozge Cansu. "Comparative Sequence Analysis Of The Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 Region Of Turkish Red Pine (pinus Brutia Ten.) And Natural Aleppo Pine (pinus Halepensis Mill.) Populations From Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12608313/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT
COMPARATIVE SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF THE INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER 2 REGION OF TURKISH RED PINE (Pinus brutia TEN.) AND NATURAL ALEPPO PINE (Pinus halepensis MILL.) POPULATIONS FROM TURKEY
Tozkar, Ö<br>zge
M.S., Department of Biology
Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Zeki Kaya
April, 2007, 107 pages
Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia) is wide-spread and an important forest tree species in Turkey, occurring mainly in southern, western and north-western Turkey and as small isolated populations in the Black Sea region. Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) has naturally found only in Adana and Mugla provinces as small population in mixture with Turkish red pine. Although Turkish red pine and Aleppo pine are morphologically different, Turkish red pine has been regarded as subspecies of Aleppo pine by some taxonomists due to occurrence of natural hybridization between these two species. However, the phylogenic relationship between these species needs to be explored further. In the present study, by sampling overlapped populations of both species from Mugla and Adana provinces (4 populations of Turkish red pine and 3 populations of Aleppo pine), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA were comparatively studied with sequence
analysis. Although ITS1, 5.8s and ITS2 regions of ribosomal DNA were studied with ITS primers, only ITS2 region was successfully amplified with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The complete data set for this region was analysed using MEGA3.1 and Arlequin softwares. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) demonstrated the highest genetic differentiation between Turkish red pine and Aleppo pine in Mugla with 100 percentage of variation. AMOVA analysis also indicated the possibility of low-level migration of genes between Turkish red pine and Aleppo pine populations in Adana with 50.65 percent of molecular variance. Haplotype comparison revealed that two major haplotypes were represented Based on the results of ITS2 region sequence analysis, Turkish populations of Aleppo pine and Turkish red pine populations could not be fully differentiated. In Mugla province Turkish red pine and Aleppo pine revealed more differentiation due to reproductive isolation. But in Adana province, two species shared more common genetic background due to possible hybridization. Since ITS2 region of nuclear ribosomal DNA revealed a few variable and parsimony informative sites for both species, thus, only ITS2 region of ribosomal DNA does not appear to be sufficient for fully resolving genetic relationships between Turkish red pine and Aleppo pine populations. Further studies including ITS1 and 5.8s regions of ribosomal DNA and populations included from major Aleppo pine distribution areas will be useful to understand the evolutionary relationship between Aleppo pine and Turkish red pine populations in Turkey.
4
Ozturk, Kevser. "Exchange Rate Volatility: The Case Of Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608026/index.pdf.
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In this study, different from previous studies, the explanatory power of Student-t distribution is compared to normal distribution by employing both standard GARCH and EGARCH models to dollar/ lira (USD/TRY) exchange rate. Then the impact of Central Bank of Republic of the Turkey&rsquo<br>s (CBRT) decisions and actions on both the level of exchange rate and the volatility is investigated. Moreover the relationship between volatility and market liquidity is examined using spot foreign exchange (FX) market volume as a proxy. The results reveal that, in contrast to preceding findings, Student-t could not capture the leptokurtic property better than normal distribution does. Furthermore, an increase in Turkish government benchmark bond rates, CBRT FX purchase interventions and announcement of suspending/ decreasing-the-amount-of FX auctions lead Turkish lira to depreciate. Because of the significant positive leverage effect, the results of GARCH and EGARCH variance equations differ so much. Thereby the results should be evaluated cautiously. In addition it is observed that, only EGARCH model gives significant results when the spot market trading volume is included in the models
5
Orek, Hasan. "Bio-optical Properties Of The Turkish Seas." Phd thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608404/index.pdf.
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Optical properties of the seas surrounding Turkey (i.e. Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea and Aegean Sea) are investigated utilizing the data collected from years 2001-2005. Pigment, light (irradiance), absorption samples were collected and analyzed. SeaWiFS and MODIS satellite observations between years 1997-2006 has been collected, processed and analyzed. High temporal and spatial variability is observed in the optical properties of the three basins. The Mediterranean Sea and the Black Seas are the two typical examples of the Case I and the Case II waters, respectively. SeaWiFS and MODIS derived chlorophyll data obtained during the time period where the data were coexistent (2002-2004) gave consistent results. Thus, data from both sensors are used to establish temporal continuity. Optical classification of the water types based on the Jerlov model shows that the Mediterranean has clear (Type 1) and very clear water type characteristics and the Black Sea and the Marmara waters are turbid (Type 5). Absorption from yellow substance (or so-called CDOM) does not optically dominate the Mediterranean allowing accurate estimation of pigment concentrations by remote sensing methods. This study is further extended to analyze the main contributing phytoplankton groups to the bio-optical characteristics in the three basins. HPLC measurements show that the diatoms are the main group in the Black Sea ecosystem. Whereas in Mediterranean Cyanophyta dominates. Phytoplankton group compositions in the offshore and coastal regions of the Mediterranean do not show considerable difference. The main differences are the higher Prymnesiophyceae (nearly two times higher then the offshore) and lower Cyanophyta contribution in the coastal regions compared to offshore regions.
6
Araci, Emre. "Life and works of Ahmed Adnan Saygun." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7680.
Full textAbstract:
Ahmed Adnan Saygun (1907-1991) was one of Turkey's most prominent composers, described in The Times obituary as "the grand old man of Turkish music, who was to his country what Sibelius is to Finland, what de Falla is to Spain and what Bartók is to Hungary" (15 January 1991). Yet so far Saygun's life and works have never been the subject of a critical study in or outside Turkey. This thesis aims to create a comprehensible picture of his life and music for the first time. Divided into three parts, Part I of the thesis presents an annotated biography, preceded by a short introductory survey on the state of European music within the Ottoman Empire, which was significant in Saygun's upbringing. Taking as source material scattered newspaper articles, interviews and hitherto unpublished letters and a diary belonging to the composer, Part I focuses on Saygun's musical upbringing in Izmir and his subsequent education in Paris under Vincent d'Indy at the Schola Cantorum between 1928 and 1931. Also amongst the issues that are addressed here is the important role Saygun played in the musical life of the country on his return to Turkey from Paris, which was being rapidly transformed under Kemal Atatürk's reform movement; his enthusiasm for Turkish folk-music which led to a collaboration with Bela Bartók that finally culminated in the latter's celebrated field-trip to Anatolia in 1936 and his friendship with Michael Tippett, drawn from Tippett's original unpublished letters. The thesis shows that Saygun was not only responsible for training future musicians of Turkey in Western compositional techniques, but also himself wrote works in line with the country's modem music policy which took the principles of European polyphonic music as a model. As a prolific composer Saygun's output comprised five operas, five symphonies, three string quartets, five concertos and a wide range of chamber and choral music. Taking selective works, Part II looks at his developing style, beginning with the influence of the Schola Cantorum education and the effects of the music policy of the early republican years on his output and establishes him as the national composer of Turkey. Works discussed include the oratorio Yunus Emre (1942), his most celebrated work, which immediately became a symbol of the music reforms and was subsequently conducted by Leopold Stokowski in New York in 1958, the first two string quartets, the first two symphonies and the two piano concertos. Part III is a catalogue raisonné which has been compiled through evaluating existing lists of works and going through all the autograph manuscript scores of the composer that are housed at the Bilkent University Adnan Saygun Archives in Ankara. Since Saygun's works have never been systematically catalogued before, the information given here includes dates of composition, instrumentation, duration, dedication, location of manuscripts, publication and recording details, as well as translations of hitherto unpublished analytical notes on certain works written by the composer.
7
Harrop, Patrick H. "Inseminate architecture : an archontological reading of Athanasius Kircher's Turris Babel." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56976.
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Among the vast assembly of Biblical mythology, the tower of Babel stands as an exclusive representation of the limits of human endeavor. As a paradigmatic extremity, it circumscribes the field of civic artifice. Babel is the absolute limit, and in that regard, its presence is enduring and timeless. The legacy of exegetic readings are textual shades, emanating from the point source of the paradigm. Athanasius Kircher's Turris Babel is an appropriate and intentional unfolding of this condition.<br>Firstly, that in the awakening of the Baroque scholar to history, origin materializes as the sole legitimate chronological reference.<br>Secondly, that the paradigmatic extremities collapse into the empirical standard of the theoretical discourse.<br>This thesis is a speculative study of architecture, drawn through Turris Babel, in the shadow of the paradigmatic limits of Babel. Written in three parts, each dealing with the implications of artifice in confrontation with the post-Babel adversaries of dispersion, tyranny, and decay.
8
Sevinc, Ayca Muge. "Grammatical Relations And Word Order In Turkish Sign Language (tid)." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12607289/index.pdf.
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This thesis aims at investigating the grammatical relations in Turkish Sign Language (TiD). For this aim, word order, nominal morphology, and agreement morphology of verbs are examined. TiD lacks morphological case, but it has a very rich pronominal
system like other sign languages. Verbs are classified according to their morphosyntactic features. With this classification, we can observe the effect of word order and agreement morphology on the grammatical relations.
Combinatory Categorial Grammar as a lexicalized grammar encodes word order, morphological case, and agreement features in the lexicon. Hence, it has the tools for testing any lexicalized basic word order hypothesis for a language based on the gapping data. Gapping data based on grammatical judgments of native signers indicate that TiD is a verb final language.
Syntactic ergativity seems to be prevailing in coordination of a transitive sentence and an intransitive sentence where the single argument of the intransitive clause or one of the arguments of the transitive clause is missing. TiD also shows a tendency for ergativity in lexical properties such as agreement and pro-drop.
9
Korak, John. "A performance analysis of Joseph Turrin's works for solo trumpet, a lecture recital, together with three recitals of selected works by J.S. Bach, E. Bloch, H. Tomasi and others." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc935566/.
Full textAbstract:
This study addresses on facet of Joseph Turrin's compositional oeuvre: his published works for solo trumpet. Complete histories if all six trumpet compositions are chronicles. A discussion of formal organization and significant style features including harmonic language, melodic style and rhythmic features is included. A detailed performance analysis follows. The degree of difficulty of each work is assessed through an investigation of tessitura, range, melodic contour, endurance factors, fingerings, and technical features of the accompaniment. Analysis of tempi and dynamics, articulation and phrasing, and timbral considerations provides additional points of focus to the study. Finally, the importance of Turrin's works for trumpet and his impact on trumpet literature is assessed. Idiomatic aspects of composition that make Turrin's music attractive to performers are investigated and discussed.
10
Yavuzyilmaz, Ozlem. "Institutionalization Of Construction Firms: Turkish Contractors." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611932/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Literature studies on institutionalization are mainly predicated on repetitive work performing sectors, in which firms are more prone to developed institutionalization processes in literature. But, in this study, it is aimed to examine reasons behind low tendency of construction firms to institutionalization process in Turkey. In literature, two main obstacles against institutionalization are shown as firms&rsquo<br>resistance to change and founder family acts on firm. So, family businesses and their effects on firm operations are also included to this study&rsquo<br>s scope, with business growth and institutionalization process. Conducted interviews are based on a questionnaire which is prepared to identify<br>cognition level of institutionalization, factors leading firms to institutionalization, firms&rsquo<br>established system perform in the name of institutionalization and finally summarize experiences firms gained from institutionalization process. Twenty-one interviewed contractor firms enlightens acts of construction firms in Turkey, because like interviewed firms, 70% of construction firms in Turkey is still governed by 1st generation.
Results indicate that construction firms seem to apply most of the systems offered by literature for institutionalization because of rapid business growth. In general
they refuse a high institutionalization level because of construction projects&rsquo<br>temporary and unique nature, causing a highly competitive and uncertain sector requiring a highly flexible firm structure. Institutionalization is mainly processed to enhance control, it is not considered to take place for balancing family and firm relationships. This is because of high family dominancy in firms, leading to a highly jeopardized sustainability.
11
Savli, Devrim. "Turkish Construction Firms In The Russian Federation." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12605558/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis analyzes the penetration process of Turkish construction firms into the Russian market, in the frame of developing relations between Turkey and Russian Federation. Starting from the demise of Soviet Union, Turkish construction firms have played an important role on the convergence of these two countries both in economical and political relations. The dominance of the politics on the bilateral relations between Turkey and Soviet Union has started to weaken since from the liberalization attempts in both of the countries starting from the first half of 1980s. By the demise of Soviet Union, including Turkish construction activities in the Russian Federation, commercial relations have become the dominant factor that determines direction of the bilateral relations between these two countries. Within this context, this thesis seeks to explore the nature of overseas construction works in a particular geographical area, namely in the Russian Federation. In this study, I applied the semi-structured in-depth interview technique. The target group was selected from the administrative personnel and the field workers of Turkish overseas construction companies that have worked in the Russian construction market. In this frame, I carried out interviews with 10 top level managers of the Turkish overseas construction firms and 10 construction workers who have been worked in the Russian Federation.
12
Tat, Deniz. "Word Syntax of Nominal Compounds: Internal and Aphasiological Evidence from Turkish." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/311666.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation is an analysis of two types of nominal compounds in Turkish, primary compounds and synthetic compounds within the framework of Distributed Morphology. A nominal primary compound is formed by two nouns, and its meaning is largely determined by world knowledge. A synthetic compound, on the other hand, is formed by a noun and a derverbal noun, such that the former is a true argument of the latter. The meaning of such compounds is always compositional. In many languages, the structural difference between these two types of compounds is not immediately observable. However, in Turkish, a primary compound would be obligatorily marked with the compound marker, -(s)I(n) while a synthetic compound would never be marked as such. In this dissertation, I claim that primary compounds in Turkish are underlyingly possessive phrases, a claim that has been previously made by several others. My analysis differs from those previous analyses in that it maintains that -(s)I(n) figures in a morphological component that follows syntax but precedes PF. Such a post-syntactic analysis has a number of advantages as it can account for a wide range of descriptive observations about the behavior of -(s)I(n). I claim that -(s)I(n) and an agreement marker never form a sequence at any stage in the grammar. I test this claim in an experiment conducted with Turkish-speaking individuals with aphasia, and show that only a vanishingly rare number of -(s)I(n)-agreement sequences are attested in aphasic speech. My analysis of synthetic compounds in Turkish is based on three types of nominalizers and the types of categories they can select. I show that only event-denoting nominals can form true synthetic compounds. I also show that nominals that are derived directly from roots can never form true synthetic compounds, which casts doubts on roots as projecting categories. I also consider a third group of seemingly synthetic compounds, which have an overt complex verbal stem, and yet, fail to derive true synthetic compounds. Following Marantz (2013), I claim that such pseudo-synthetic compounds, in fact, have semantically null verbalizing morphemes, and therefore, the root and the nominalizing head are semantically adjacent at LF.
13
Sak, Gonca. "An Investigation Of The Validity And Reliability Of The Speaking Exam At A Turkish University." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610080/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis aims to investigate the validity and reliability of the speaking exam at a Turkish University. For this study, data were obtained through questionnaires, interviews, the students&rsquo<br>speaking exam results, TOEFL exam results and departmental speaking exam scores. The results of the questionnaire were used to explore the face validity of the speaking exam. The interviews conducted to examine the content validity of the exam were analyzed in detail and common points from each interview were highlighted. To determine the predictive validity of the exam, Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and Simple Linear Regression Analysis were conducted. Furthermore, to investigate the construct validity of the exam correlation coefficients between speaking test scores and TOEFL subtest scores were calculated. To estimate the intra and inter-rater reliability level of the exam, correlation coefficients were calculated as well.
The analysis of the results of the questionnaire indicated that the exam has satisfactory face validity. Moreover, the results of the interviews showed that the exam possesses the quality of content validity to a moderately high degree. It was found out that the speaking exam given in preparatory year education does not seem to predict the performances of the students in the departmental speaking exam. Moreover, the statistical analyses done to investigate the construct validity of the exam indicated that there are very low correlations between the speaking exam scores and the other subtests.
It was discovered that the inter-rater reliability of the exam was not as satisfactory as it was expected as the inter-rater reliability of one pair was found relatively low. However, the speaking exam seemed to have satisfactory intra-rater reliability.
14
Balkilic, Ozgur. "Kemalist Views And Works On Turkish Folk Music During The Early Republican Period." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606528/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The main aim of this thesis is to examine the characteristics of Kemalist views and works on Turkish folk music during Early Republican Period. Kemalism, as a modernization project, aimed to transform the Turkish social formation totally. In this respect, one of the indispensable dimension of this project was cultural reforms. The music policies, as a part of the cultural reforms, were given considerable attentions by the Kemalist cadres since the music, according to them, was one of the area to reflect the developmental level of a society. Their views and efforts on Turkish folk music were a significant part of these music policies. In this sense, Kemalist folklore acts are of crucial importance to understand the features of Kemalist ideologic paradigms. Besides, this thesis will deal with the Kemalist folklore acts in order to understand two main principles of Kemalism<br>nationalism and populism which were the important ideological paradigms of Kemalism. In other words, one of the main ab inito of this thesis is to comprehend the nationalism and populism principles which constituted the general framework of Kemalist folklore acts. The thesis also pays attention to the inconsistencies and unmethodological works in folk music acts during the Early Republican Period.
15
Graham, Florence. "Turkish loanwords in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Bosnian and Bulgarian Franciscan texts." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2e237b05-c803-4278-a93a-ccc519ea4eac.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation analyses when, how and why Turkish loanwords became incorporated into Bosnian and Bulgarian, as seen in the writings of the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Bosnian and Bulgarian Franciscans. I analyse Bosnian works (religious and secular) by Matija Divkovic, Ivan Bandulavic, Pavo Posilovic Mošunjanin, Mihovil Radnic, Stjepan Margitic Markovac, Lovro Braculjevic, Filip Lastric, Nikola Marcinkušic Lašvanin, Marko Dobretic, Bono Benic, and Grgo Ilijic-Varešanin. As a Bulgarian counterpart, I analyse three eighteenth-century Bulgarian Franciscan manuscripts and the works of Petar Bogdan Bakšic and Filip Stanislavov. The dissertation consists of eight chapters. The first chapter gives background information on Turkish presence in Bosnia and Bulgaria, the history of the Franciscans in Bosnia and Bulgaria, short biographies of each of the writers whose works are analysed, phonology and orthography. The second chapter focuses on the complications regarding establishing earliest attestations for turkisms in Bosnian and Bulgarian. The third chapter discusses the nominal morphology of turkisms in Bosnian and Bulgarian. This chapter analyses why turkisms developed the gender that they did when borrowed from a language that does not have gender as a category. Chapter four addresses the verbal morphology of turkisms in Bosnian and Bulgarian. Verbal prefixes are discussed in detail, as are Turkish voiced suffixes in Bulgarian. The fifth chapter analyses adjectives and adverbs, with focus on gender and number agreement. The sixth chapter addresses the use of Turkish conjunctions. The seventh chapter looks at the motivation, semantics and setting of turkisms in Bosnian and Bulgarian. The conclusion addresses how morphology, semantics, motivation and setting of turkisms relate to their chronology in Bosnian and Bulgarian and how these areas differ from language to language.
16
Dizkirici, Ayten. "Evolutionary Relationships Among Astragalus Species Native To Turkey." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614427/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Evolutionary relationships within and among three Astragalus sections (Incani DC., Hypoglottidei DC., and Dissitiflori DC.) that were native to Turkey were inferred from variations of nucleotide sequences of both chloroplast and nuclear genome regions.
In the current study, Fifty-six species included in the three Astragalus sections were utilized to figure out phylogenetic relationships and estimate evolutionary divergence time based on DNA sequence of trnL intron (trnL5&rsquo<br>-L3&rsquo<br>) , trnL3&rsquo<br>-F(GAA) (trnL-F intergenic spacer), trnV intron, matK (maturase kinase) cpDNA (chloroplast) and ITS (internal transcribed spacer) nDNA (nuclear) regions.
Fifty-six Astragalus species with their replicas and one Cicer species as outgroup were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction amplification and DNA sequencing methods. Eleven unknown samples were also used in the current study to understand their section and species name. The results of the study indicated that unknown A35 and A52 samples could be named as A. dasycarpus, while unknown A65 and A66 samples as A. ovatus and lastly unknown A2 sample as A. nitens or A. aucheri. Section of unknown A3, A16, A20, A108, A109 and A110 samples were determined as Incani, but the exact species identification of these samples were not possible because of their close phylogenetic associations with more than one species.
Highest genetic diversity was observed when the DNA sequences of ITS nrDNA (nuclear ribosomal) region comprising three subregions as ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2 was used, while the lowest one was calculated when DNA sequence of trnL-F cpDNA region was analyzed. The genetic divergence between Incani and Dissitiflori sections was highest whereas between Hypoglottidei and Dissitiflori was lowest based on all used regions.
To figure out phylogenetic relationships among Astragalus species distributed in Turkey and in other regions of the World, DNA sequences of studied regions of foreign samples were collected from the NCBI database and were evaluated with DNA sequence of Turkish species used in the curent study. The Iranian samples either scattered in the phylogenetic tree or attached to our samples externally. South and North American samples (New World Astragalus or Neo Astragalus group) were nested within a different subcluster, which was located in the main cluster produced by samples of Old World Astragalus group (Turkish samples). With these results, we can say that New World Astragalus group is monophyletic and diverged from Old World Astragalus group.
Evolutionary divergence time for Astragalus genus was estimated as about 12.5 - 14.5 million years (Ma), and that of New World Astragalus group as 5.0 - 4.0 Ma when rates of nucleotide substitutions of trnL intron and matK cpDNA regions were analyzed. In addition to evolutionary divergence time estimation for Astragalus and New World Astragalus group, divergence times among used three sections of the genus were also calculated by using DNA sequences of trnL, trnV intron and matK cpDNA regions and results indicated that Hypoglottidei and Dissitiflori sections diverged about 5.0-7.0 million years later than Incani section.
17
Sakin, Aydin. "The Route Map Of Turkish International Contracting Services." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612918/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
International contracting services of the Turkish construction companies started at the beginning of 1970s have great importance on Turkish construction sector and Turkish economy. With increasing and decreasing annual amounts from 1970s to the present date due to several economic, political and social factors<br>international contracting services showed a tremendous increase compared to the 1972 level. In the 38-years period between 1972 and 2010, Turkish contractors completed a lot of projects in different countries with a great success. The success achieved in the past and today led the Turkish construction sector to expand its goals and to set quite ambitious figures as its future targets.
Within this period from past to the present, in addition to the opportunities, Turkish companies also faced a lot of difficulties and problems<br>and gained a considerable experience from the lessons learnt from them. This study aims to investigate the lessons learnt as a result of opportunities and problems faced by the Turkish construction sector -that has serious and ambitious targets for the future. In the light of these lessons learnt, it is targeted to define what has to be done for retaining the current successful position of the sector and achieving its future goals.
18
Keskin, Fatih. "Quantitative Flood Risk Assessment With Application In Turkey." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615024/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Floods can result in enormous causalities and huge economic losses in urban and rural regions. In recent years, while assessing the damage, risk analysis and assessment has become an important tool in addressing uncertainty in flood hazards. The lack of knowledge about the water extend, water depth, water velocity and potential damage in case of flood increase the vulnerability of the people to disasters in the flood region. Especially this information is valuable for city planners and decision makers. In case of new settlement area selection, correct decision can be taken by the help of this information. This type of information can be taken from hydraulic models as 1D or 2D. On the other hand, two dimensional (2D) hydraulic modeling becomes a need with increasing trends of very high speed computers and models instead of one dimensional (1D) ones. The ability of solving complex structures within few minutes enhances the use of 2D modeling with the integration of wave motion. In addressing the uncertainty, GIS becomes an important tool in risk assessment by integrating the flood depth, extend and vulnerability issues for definition of the quantitative risk. In this study, 1D and 2D hydraulic modeling is applied and combined with the quantitative vulnerability factors in Dalaman Plain-Turkey. Results show that the area is vulnerable to flood and high monetary damages can be seen in case a flood in the region.
19
Ozge, Umut. "A Tune-based Account Of Turkish Information Structure." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/770081/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Languages differ in the means they avail themselves of for the structural realization of information structure, where available options are word order, prosody and morphology. Turkish has long been characterized as predominantly
using word order and its variation in realizing information structure, where certain positions in a sentence are associated with certain pragmatic functions related to information structure. Prosody has been proposed to play
only a secondary role interacting with word order. Contrary to this widely established view, the thesis argues that the notion that sentential positions have pragmatic functions and word order variation is a syntactic means to realize these functions can be abandoned, without any loss of explanatory power, in favor of a tune-based perspective where prosody is the sole
structural determinant of information structure. In this setting word order variations are argued to be prosodically motivated, in that Turkish phonology imposes some precedence constraints on intonational contours. Word order variation then turns out to be just a consequence as opposed to being
a determinant in attaining the right information structure required by the discourse context. To substantiate these claims a tune-based account, based on Steedman'<br>s account of English information structure, is proposed for the structural realization of information structure in Turkish, whereby information structural units are directly associated with prosodic phrases intonationally marked in certain ways. Validity of the account is tried to be established by intonational analysis of recorded speech data. As for the
explanatory value, the information structure phenomena that has received positional explanation in the relevant literature, are tried to be captured only in prosodic terms, without committing to positions, syntactic strategies and such.
20
Cosar, Seda. "The Reflections Of The Ottoman-turkish Feminism On The Literary Works Of Nezihe Muhittin." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607653/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
With the foundation of the Turkish Republic in 1923, improving the status of Turkish woman and creating a new republican woman image turned out to be pivotal issues. Women&<br>#8217<br>s rights were considered as the indicators of the Turkish modernization, therefore were placed at the core of the agenda of the new republican regime. However, before the foundation of the Turkish Republic, there was a strong Ottoman-Turkish Feminism which came into existence in the late period of the Ottoman Empire and continued in the early years of the Turkish Republic. Although the Republican Reforms are considered as the unique source of equality between Turkish man and woman in the public sphere, the contributions of the Ottoman-Turkish Feminism on the progress of the status of the Ottoman-Turkish women should not be overlooked. The Ottoman-Turkish Feminism aimed at ameliorating and improving the living conditions of the Ottoman-Turkish women. Gaining equal political, economic and educational rights with men were the crux of the movement, as they were in the Western First Wave Feminism. However, struggling for the abolish of the female slavery, forming a national family, creating a new woman image were the other issues that were discussed widely during the Ottoman-Turkish Feminism. Women&<br>#8217<br>s associations and women&<br>#8217<br>s magazines were the two important vehicles of the Ottoman-Turkish Feminism in the struggle of gaining equal rights.
Nezihe Muhittin was one of the leading activist woman who took part in the various activities conducted under the roof of the Ottoman-Turkish Feminism. Muhittin participated in the foundation of diverse women&<br>#8217<br>s associations and she was an efficient social worker. Besides her activism, Muhittin was also one of the eminent literary figures of the time. She contributed to the formation of the new woman image as she wrote various short stories, articles and novellas all of which touch upon crucial issues about Ottoman-Turkish womanhood.
In the light of this theoretical framework, this study focusses on the literary works of Nezihe Muhittin, analysing the reflections of the Ottoman-Turkish Feminism on the novellas written between the years 1911 and 1944. With the aim of detecting the implications of the Ottoman-Turkish Feminism on the literary works of Nezihe Muhittin, frequently referred themes are compared with the main tenets and discussions of the movement. By the same token, the good and evil woman characters in the novellas are compared with the appreciated and criticised woman types of the time. By doing so, it is aimed to demonstrate that Muhittin&<br>#8217<br>s literary works can be considered as the products of the Ottoman-Turkish Feminism.
21
Duman, Mustafa Onur. "Melancholy and Satire: Representation of Islam and Nationhood in the Works of Salman Rushdie and Orhan Pamuk." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/376.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation examines the politics of representation within the novel of the Third World. Drawing on the scholarship of Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak, Homi Bhabha, and Fredric Jameson, I situate Salman Rushdie and Orhan Pamuk within literary attempts at national representation and narratives of westernization. The main question that the study raises is: what are the literary results of migration, cultural or religious conversion within the increasingly diversifying metropolitan centers? I find that such double consciousness of the migrant artist provides an exilic writing that instigates two types of perspectives: satirical and melancholic. I argue that both authors narrativize a similar process of confronting the western cultural legacy, but differ in their reflection on their national and Islamic backgrounds.
22
Guvenc, Serpil S. "Socialist Perspectives On Foreign Policy Issues: The Case Of Tip In The 1960s." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606866/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT
SOCIALIST PERSPECTIVES ON FOREIGN POLICY ISSUES:
THE CASE OF TiP IN THE 1960s
Serpil Gü<br>venç<br>M.S., Department of Public Administration and Political Sciences
Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Galip Yalman
December 2005, 207 pages
In this study, the foreign policy perspectives of the Turkish socialist left during the 1960s are evaluated. TiP (Turkish Labour Party) is chosen as a case study and its theoretical approach and practical proposals pertinent to Turkey / USA relations, Turkey / USSR relations, Turkey / European Union relations and the Cyprus Problem are discussed by comparison to some domestic and foreign political parties and important left wing currents of the period in question.
23
Cildir, Huseyin. "Morphology, Anatomy And Systematics Of The Genus Lathyrus L. (leguminosae) In Central Anatolia, Turkey." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613432/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, morphology, anatomy and systematics of the Genus Lathyrus L.
(Leguminosae) in Central Anatolia is presented. Comparative morphological
characters and their variation in the Genus<br>Calyx, leaf, corolla and pollen grains
micro-morphology of the species<br>Anatomy of the species<br>Ecology, endemism,
phytogeography and IUCN threat categories of the species<br>Numerical analysis and
Revision of the genus in Central Anatolia were conducted.
For the first time the calyx, corolla and leaf micromorphology, and the anatomical
characteristics of Lathyrus were examined. Infrageneric delimitation of the species is
performed by using multivariate analysis. As a result of morphological and
anatomical data, it is suggested that L. haussknechtii should be classified as different
species not variety of L. brachypterus.
v
The collected specimens was crosschecked with neighboring floras and the existing
type specimens known from Turkey ANK, GAZI, HUB, KNYA, CUFH, Erciyes,
and Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) herbaria.
Morphological and micromorphological characters of pollen grains were revealed. It
was determined that the pollen grains size and sculpturing were important diagnostic
characters for the species. The statistical analysis was applied to compare P/E ratios
of the pollen grains of studied taxa. According to this analysis, the P/E ratio is
important diagnostic feature for most of the sections and the species.
Sectional key and species key were prepared and updated. Expanded descriptions,
GPS data, some photographs and some notes on the taxonomy of the species were
given.
24
Saraçoğlu, Semra. "Self-reflexivity in postmodernist texts a comparative study of the works of John Fowles and Orhan Pamuk /." Ankara : METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1104231/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Middle East Technical University, 2003.<br>Keywords: Self-reflexivity, Self-reflection, Mirror, Dreams, Fantasies, Reference and Difference, Self- Other Dichotomy, "I"dentity Crisis, Overt/Covert, Metafiction, Creative Process, Form, Linguistic Medium.
25
Orbay, İffet. "Istanbul viewed : the representation of the city in Ottoman maps of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8630.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2001.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 361-395).<br>Starting from the premise that maps are essentially about visualizing space, this dissertation examines what the Ottoman maps of Istanbul reveal about the city's perception, as it evolved in connection to urban development after the conquest. The maps that form the subject of this study appear as illustrations in three manuscript books. The Istanbul maps contained in Mecmu'-i Menazil (1537-8) and HiinernAme (1584) respectively mark the beginning and the accomplishment of the city's architectural elaboration. The other twenty maps, featuring in manuscript copies of Kitab-i Bahriye (1520s), roughly span the period between 1550 and 1700. The variants of a design fixed around 1570 offer an image that fulfills its topographic elaboration in the late-seventeenth century. While the making of this map's design relates to Istanbul's sixteenth century urban development, its topographical elaboration reflects a new perception of the city. These picture-maps, produced in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, form a unique group of documents as the only known Ottoman pictorial representations showing the city as a whole. As revealed by the context of the books containing them, their making relates both to Ottoman Empire's territorial expansion and to the appropriation of Constantinople as its new capital. Their cartographic language combines, in different manners, the familiar conventions of Islamic miniature painting with artistic forms encountered and assimilated during territorial expansion, particularly in contact with Venice.<br>(cont.) Especially the making of the Istanbul maps in Kitfb-i Bahriye copies illustrates the crucial role of the Mediterranean seafaring culture, its navigation manuals, nautical charts and island books. These images of Istanbul can be related to the development of the urban landscape and its symbolic function. Their study as cartographic representations pays attention to both accuracy and emphasis in their topographic contents. Supported by contemporary European visual sources and travel accounts as well as Ottoman topographic and poetic descriptions of Istanbul, the viewing directions, the depictions of buildings, and the overall cartographic composition in these maps are interpreted as features shaping a symbolic landscape that developed from an ideal vision to an actual garden-like urban environment, structured by land, water, and architecture.<br>by İffet Orbay.<br>Ph.D.
26
Savaskan, Durak Nuran. "Non - Muslim Minorities And Turkish National Identity: A Research Through Armenian And Greek Literary Works." Phd thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12605349/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study is to concentrate on the changing discourses in Turkish history and their constitutive themes in positioning the self&<br>#8211<br>image of the minorities, i.e., Armenians and Greeks, the Turks being other. The research is carried out on the basis of the literary works produced by the intellectuals / authors of these minorities. The historical context, which is taken as the reference point for these discourses, covers the period from the late Ottoman Period up to the early 1960s. Furthermore, the study explores how the ethnic minorities constructed their identities in the last century. This study also seeks to find out which discourses have been the leading ones through history and to determine the continuities and ruptures in the use of themes by these ethnic groups to construct their identities. In addition, policies and ideologies attributed to the state by the minorities are tackled with the literary works and main discursive elements used by minority groups to (de)construct Turkish national identity are explored.
27
Bal, Betul. "Analysis of Four-word Lexical Bundles in Published Resesarch Articles Written by Turkish Scholars." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/alesl_theses/2.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated the use of lexical bundles in research articles written in English by Turkish scholars. For the purpose of the study, a corpus of published research articles produced by Turkish scholars in six different academic disciplines was collected. The four-word lexical bundles that appeared at least twenty times in this one million word corpus were identified and further analyzed both structurally and functionally based on the previous taxonomies developed by Biber, Johansson, Leech, Conrad and Finegan (1999) and Biber, Conrad and Cortes (2004). The results of this study revealed that the lexical bundles found have structural correlates as well as strong functional features that help to construct discourse in academic writing. The conclusions drawn from this study could be applied to the teaching of academic genres to researchers in English as a Foreign Language context and are expected to provide insights for further corpus-based studies in academic writing.
28
Eren, Koksal. "Critical Success Factors For Partnering In The Turkish Construction Industry." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608757/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Partnering is in the agenda of many construction companies worldwide as it is an effective strategy that may increase competitiveness of partner companies and reduce risks retained by each party. In order for partnering to reach its expected benefits, partner selection is of vital importance. Similarly, there are some critical success factors (CSF) that should be taken into account by the parties in order to maintain a successful partnership throughout its lifecycle. The aim of this thesis is identification of factors that affect the partner selection process of the Turkish contractors as well as CSFs that are found important by the Turkish contractors. For this purpose, interviews are carried out with experts and a questionnaire is designed to collect necessary statistical data regarding the CSFs. The number of experts who answered the questionnaire is 49. Statistical analysis is conducted to reveal the perception of contractors about partnering in the Turkish construction industry. One of the findings is that Turkish contractors prefer establishing short-term partnerships in the form of project-based joint ventures rather than long-term strategic alliances. Results demonstrate that the most important factors while selecting the partners are experience and image of the company. Mutual trust between the parties, management support and commitment to win-win attitude are identified as the most important CSFs by the Turkish contractors. Finally, the results of the questionnaire are compared with those from other countries and certain strategies are proposed to practitioners for maximizing success of partnerships.
29
Hoscan, Ozlem. "The Media Portrayal Of Homosexuality In The Turkish Press Between 1998 And 2006." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608008/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, the newspapers such as Hü<br>rriyet, Milliyet, Radikal, Posta, AkSam, Sabah, Cumhuriyet, Star, Gü<br>neS, Takvim, Dü<br>nya, Gö<br>zcü<br>and Yeni Asir are considered liberal or left leaning. The newspapers such as Akit, Milli Gazete, Yeni Asya, Anayurt, Tü<br>rkiye, Yeni Safak, Dü<br>nden Bugü<br>ne Tercü<br>man, Vakit and Zaman are considered conservative or Islamic newspapers. The period chosen for this analysis is between 28.12.1998 and 15.06.2006, and all the news items published in this period are scrutinised in the archive of the Parliament Library, where there is a special category for the news on homosexuality and homosexuals.
First, the news items of the newspapers mentioned above are categorised as presented in the tables prepared. Through these tables, a general perspective on the press coverage in Turkey is revealed by the analysis of the evaluations of the general features of this coverage on homosexuality and homosexuals.
Second, an extensive textual analysis is carried out by analysing the news texts regarding three common events covered in most of the newspapers mentioned above to reflect a more accurate and detailed account of the representation of homosexuality and homosexuals in the Turkish Daily Press.
Moreover, in-depth interviews are conducted with homosexuals to find out their point of view on the portrayal of themselves in the Turkish Daily Press.
Finally, the findings of the analysis of the press coverage of homosexuality and homosexuals, and the findings of the interviews are compared.
30
Boynuegri, Akif. "Cross-lingual Information Retrieval On Turkish And English Texts." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611903/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis, cross-lingual information retrieval (CLIR) approaches are comparatively evaluated
for Turkish and English texts. As a complementary study, knowledge-based methods
for word sense disambiguation (WSD), which is one of the most important parts of the CLIR
studies, are compared for Turkish words.
Query translation and sense indexing based CLIR approaches are used in this study. In query
translation approach, we use automatic and manual word sense disambiguation methods and
Google translation service during translation of queries. In sense indexing based approach,
documents are indexed according to meanings of words instead of words themselves. Retrieval
of documents is performed according to meanings of the query words as well. During
the identification of intended meaning of query terms, manual and automatic word sense disambiguation
methods are used and compared to each other.
Knowledge based WSD methods that use different gloss enrichment techniques are compared
for Turkish words. Turkish WordNet is used as a primary knowledge base and English
WordNet and Turkish Wikipedia are employed as enrichment resources. Meanings of
words are more clearly identified by using semantic relations defined in WordNets and Turkish
Wikipedia. Also, during calculation of semantic relatedness of senses, cosine similarity
metric is used as an alternative metric to word overlap count. Effects of using cosine similarity
metric are observed for each WSD methods that use different knowledge bases.
31
Kaya, Hülya. "The EU-Turkey agreement on refugees : a critical evaluation of its impact on the fundamental rights of refugees." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2018. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/76738/.
Full text
32
Ozahci, Erhan. "Application Of Strategic Planning Methodology To Republic Of Turkey Ministry Of Finance." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12608379/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, it is aimed to determine and implement a process based strategic planning methodology for Turkish Ministry of Finance. Proposed methodology has been implemented in Ministry of Finance by a TÜ<br>BiTAK supported strategic management project in collaboration with Ministry of Finance Strategy Development Unit (MoF_SDU), TÜ<br>SSiDE and a private Consultancy Company.
This project was a direct consequence of reforms on Public Financial Management and stipulated by the Laws No. 5018 and 5436 which have been prepared based on efficiency in public service delivery.
Proposed methodology is different from other strategic planning methodologies for public and non-profit organizations because it uses a combination of numerous techniques that are previously developed for strategic planning. Examples are mentoring, e- learning, idea tray method, and process modelling.
Firstly, strategic planning methodology is determined with close inspection of international approaches and best practices. Ministry of Finance&rsquo<br>s organizational chart is redesigned to enable more effective and efficient operation. Ministry of Finance is divided to 14 strategic business units (SBUs). For every SBU, detailed environmental analyses are conducted and critical issues are derived. Mission and strategic vision statements are clearly determined and core processes are modelled and standardized. Strategic goals and detailed objectives are formulated. Finally, performance indicators are determined for every objective for evaluation and continuous improvement. At the end of the implementation, 2008-2012 strategic plan for Ministry of Finance is prepared and numerous organizational improvements are observed.
33
Giray, Selim. "A biography of the Turkish composer Ahmed Adnan Saygun and a discussion of his violin works /." Lewiston ; Queenston ; Lampeter : The Edwin Mellen press, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40161321x.
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34
Yücel, Koç Melike. "Emotion Language and Emotion Narratives of Turkish-English Late Bilinguals." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/208.
Full textAbstract:
The primary focus of this research was to investigate the emotion language and emotion narratives of Turkish-English late bilinguals who have been living in the U.S. Previous research has shown that the emotion language and narratives of second language learners and native speakers of English are different. This study focused on late bilinguals who had learnt English in instructed settings in their home country, and came to the U.S. for M.A. and Ph.D. degrees. The study consisted of two parts. In the first part, the elicited personal narratives of Turkish-English late bilinguals in English were compared to those elicited from native speakers of English with regard to both emotion and emotion-laden word production and narrative structure. The results showed that there were differences between the emotion language and narratives of the bilinguals and native speakers in their English narratives. In the second part of the study, personal narratives were elicited from Turkish-English late bilinguals in their first language, Turkish and their emotion language and narrative structure from their English narratives were compared to their narratives produced in Turkish. Similarly, the results showed that the emotion language and emotion narratives of bilinguals in English and Turkish were different. In conclusion, late bilinguals' emotion language and narratives are different in their first and second languages. Furthermore, they are different from the emotion language and narratives of native speakers.
35
Gorman, Geoffrey Allen. "Field deployable dynamic lighting system for turbid water imaging." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68945.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), September 2011.<br>"September 2011." "©2011"--P. 2. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-101).<br>The ocean depths provide an ever changing and complex imaging environment. As scientists and researches strive to document and study more remote and optically challenging areas, specifically scatter-limited environments. There is a requirement for new illumination systems that improve both image quality and increase imaging distance. One of the most constraining optical properties to underwater image quality are scattering caused by ocean chemistry and entrained organic material. By reducing the size of the scatter interaction volume, one can immediately improve both the focus (forward scatter limited) and contrast (backscatter limited) of underwater images. This thesis describes a relatively simple, cost-effective and field-deployable low-power dynamic lighting system that minimizes the scatter interaction volume with both subjective and quantifiable improvements in imaging performance.<br>by Geoffrey Allen Gorman.<br>S.M.
36
Yigit, Muhammet Alper. "Contract Management Behavior Of Turkish Construction Companies In International Contracts." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610374/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Contract management starts with the contract negotiations and lasts until the end of the contract, and is the process that covers three fundamental functions required to compensate the goals of the project<br>Relationship Management, Project Delivery, and Administration of the contract. This thesis focused on investigating contract management behavior of Turkish construction companies in international projects.
A survey was composed and interviewed with professionals for investigating the contract management behavior of contractors. The survey aimed to investigate<br>factors influencing contractors&rsquo<br>behaviors, key success factors for contract management, company contract management organizations, claim issues, and conflict and dispute resolution behavior of firms. 51 companies participated to the survey.
The survey results revealed that Turkish contractors consider contract management to be significant for success at international markets. Contractors are aware of the need for a continuous contract management application although this rate cannot be achieved in practice. Considering awareness as a driving factor for improvement it can be estimated that in future Turkish contractors will be managing their contracts in more efficient, organized and systematic ways than today. Results revealed that<br>contract management behaviors are mostly affected by the risk and complexity of the project, regular contract process is the most impactful process on the success, and change order requests of the owners are the most frequent reasons of claims. According to respondents contract management can reduce number of conflicts and disputes.
37
Karabela, Mehmet Kadri. "One of the last Ottoman şeyhülislâms, Mustafa Sabri Efendi (1869-1954) : his life, works and intellectual contributions." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79952.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this work is to make some contributions towards understanding the stagnation of Islamic theology and the intellectual life of Muslims by concentrating on the life and works of Mustafa Sabri Efendi, one of the last Ottoman seyhulislams (chief jurisconsult of the State and head of the Ottoman religious establishment). Sabri was a leading scholar and politically active figure of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in the Ottoman State, and was appointed seyhulislams four times in the final years of the State. Due to his resistance to the Committee of Union and Progress and Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, he lived half of his life in exile in various countries, and died in Egypt.<br>The merit of Sabri's thought lies in its full reflection of influential theological and philosophical currents in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and in its recognition of the crucial importance of ontological and epistemological problems for contemporary Islam. Sabri emphasized that the epistemic structure of Islamic thought had collapsed, meaning that the first task of the Muslim psyche would have to consist in learning how to conceptualize and to formulate systematically its own positions on what "being" is (ontology) and what "knowledge" is (epistemology) in terms intelligible to others.
38
Gulseker, Solak Hilal. "Animacy Effect On Sentence Structure Choice:a Study On Turkish Learners Of L2 English." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608908/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis aims to find out how animacy affects sentence structure choice in Turkish learners of L2 English. The study compares three different L2 English proficiency levels with each other as well to L1 English and L1 Turkish. In this way the effect of English, a rigid word order language, and Turkish, a free word order language on sentence structure choice have been compared.
A picture description task was applied on 94 participants. The pictures depicted a transitive action taking place between an inanimate agent and an animate patient (animate condition) or between an inanimate agent and an inanimate patient. The subjects were given handouts with the pictures and were asked to write down what is happening in each picture. There were 60 Turkish learners of L2 English and 14 English participants in the study. Turkish learners of English belonged to level-1 (16 students), level-2 (25 students) and level-3 (19 students). In addition, 20 Turkish speakers were consulted for their knowledge of Turkish.
It was hypothesized that in L2 English, animate entities would be accessed first and this will directly affect sentence structure choice through grammatical subject assignment or through word order. Thus, it was expected that when the learners are shown a picture depicting a transitive action taking place between an animate patinet and an inanimate agent, they would tend to use the passive in English, which assigns both a sentence-initial position and a subjecthood role to the animate entity. L2 proficiency level and native language were expected to play a role in determining the role of animacy on sentence structure choice.
Chi-square analysis and odds ratio calculations were made. The results showed that animacy of the patinet affected sentence structure choice in L2 English by triggering the passivce usage in only level-3 (the most advanced group). Animacy of the patient affected native speakers of English in the same way, i.e. native English speakers tended to use the passive voice in the animate condition. No such effect was found in lower level learners of L2 English (i.e. level-1 and level-2) and Turkish native speakers. It was found that in the animate condition, Turkish native speakers tended to use the OSV word order more frequently than they did in the inanimate condition. This result suggested that in Turkish, animacy of the patient triggers the use of the OSV (Object, Subject, Verb) order rather than the passive voice. In short, the research results suggested that L2 proficency level and native language could play a role in determining how animacy affects sentence structure choice in L2.
39
Yilmaz, Erkan. "A Pragmatic Analysis Of Turkish Discourse Particles: Yani, Iste And Sey." Phd thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12604853/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Adopting an eclectic analytic perspective of discourse analysis, conversation analysis
and functional approaches, this study conducts an in-depth pragmatic analysis and
describes the function of three pragmatic particles yani, iSte and Sey in casual,
conversational Turkish. All three particles have multiple functions, which are
described by reference to occurrences in utterances within three different domains of
conversation. While utterance initial occurrences of yani are mainly connective and
continuative, the utterance final placement of yani mainly acts as a situating particle
with a strongly interactional nature. The utterance medial occurrences are basically
&lsquo<br>self-editing&rsquo<br>whereby the speaker marks the clarification of a point in his/her prior
talk. iSte mainly acts as a frame particle demarcating utterances as containing
detailed, highlighted, and reported information as well as connecting distant pieces of
utterances. The third particle Sey basically marks the speaker&rsquo<br>s temporary mental
effort of extracting the linguistic information from the memory. In addition to its
major role in repair organisation whereby marking its producer&rsquo<br>s verbal planning and
word search, Sey displays caution and discretion and marks politeness when
assessing/asserting something about the self or the other.
40
Goker, Burcu. "An annotated survey of selected works for violin and piano by Turkish composers in the twentieth century." Thesis, The Florida State University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3564893.
Full textAbstract:
<p> The impetus for this treatise began as an investigation into the repertoire of works for violin and piano by Turkish composers throughout the 20th century. The establishment of the Turkish Republic in 1923 proved to be very pivotal for the development and exposure of Western classical music within Turkey, allowing for the first time newer generations of composers to define their Turkish identity within the context of larger westernized traditions. Very little information has been written regarding the theoretical analysis or historical background for most Turkish works for violin and piano; this survey will serve to further appreciation and understanding of several of the most significant compositions of this neglected body of repertoire. </p><p> This annotated survey consists of twenty selected works for violin and piano, and will summarize the stylistic traits and technical features present in a diverse body of compositions written by several generations of Turkish composers in the 20th century. The works in this survey have been categorized into five chapters, which correspond to large-scale generational shifts of compositional style, ranging from the nationalism and modality of the "Turkish Five", to the avant-garde, and a later more modernistic, eclectic compositional approach. </p><p> The establishment of a pedagogical ranking system of technical and interpretive difficulties at the onset of this treatise will help facilitate advanced through professional violinists in choosing individual works of a suitable level of difficulty. Relevant information relating to composition dates, premiere locations, discography, and score accessibility information will be included in this survey to encourage musicians to seek out these works for further study and performance.</p>
41
Cinemre, Yasar. "Word guessing strategies of Turkish EFL readers when they are comprehending a familiar and unfamiliar text." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.481252.
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42
Taylor, Robert Louis. "The Role of Analysis and Comparison in the Performance of Selected Single-Movement Compositions for Trumpet and Piano by Joseph Turrin with an Interview of the Composer, a Lecture Recital, Together with Three Recitals of Selected Works by Handel, Honegger, Tomasi, and Others." Thesis, connect to online resource, 2005. http://www.unt.edu/etd/all/Dec2005/taylor%5Frobert%5Flouis/index.htm.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (D.M.A.)--University of North Texas, 2005.<br>System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Accompanied by 5 recitals, recorded July 1, 1996, June 22, 1998, June 24, 2002, Sept. 8, 2003, and Oct. 27, 2005. Includes bibliographical references (p. 56).
43
Johnson, James. "An analytical look at 20th century trumpet music, including works by JosephTurrin, Vincent Persichetti, Alexander Goedicke, and Eric Ewazen." Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15640.
Full textAbstract:
Master of Music<br>Department of Music<br>Gary Mortenson<br>This report is an in-depth analysis of selected music written for the trumpet during the 20th century, including composer biographies and theoretical analysis for each piece. The pieces included in this report are Joseph Turrin’s Caprice, Vincent Persichetti’s The Hollow Men, Alexander Goedicke’s Concert Etude, and Eric Ewazen’s Sonata for Trumpet and Piano as well as his Concert Fanfare for Six Trumpets.
44
Tuncer, Seniz. "Project Management And Use Of Information Technology For Project Communication Management In Turkish Electronic Sector." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12604707/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, Project Management, especially Project Communication Management applications and use of information technology are scrutinized. The general situation of Turkish electronic sector is investigated. The project management applications and closeness to new technologies of companies that operates in Turkish electronic sector are analyzed. A research model is developed with a designed questionnaire, and the levels of project communication management applications and use of interactive communication technologies, and its effects on performance of organizations are evaluated for Turkish electronic sector by analyzing the collected data.
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Sertyesilisik, Begum. "An Investigation On The Application Of Standard Contracts In The Turkish Construction Industry." Phd thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608116/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Construction contracts are one of the most important tools in the construction sector. They define the various aspects, obligations and relations between each party that are necessary to reach a common expected goal. They contribute to successful completion of projects. Turkish construction companies have successfully completed many projects in domestic and international venues and gained important experience in this respect<br>however, they still encounter problems in application. The aim of this study was:
- to analyze Yapim &<br>#272<br>slerine Ait Tip Sö<br>zlesme (Standard Contract for Construction Works, YIATS) of Kamu &<br>#272<br>hale Kurumu (Public Procurement Authority KIK) and Fé<br>dé<br>ration Internationale des Ingé<br>nieurs-Conseils (International Federation of Consulting Engineers, FIDIC) standard contract for construction<br>- to identify problem areas and their causes in application of contracts<br>- to compare YIATS and FIDIC contracts with respect to problem areas<br>- to analyze views, experiences and recommendations of companies about YIATS and FIDIC contracts.
In this study, based on survey conducted on contract literature, questionnaire was applied to member companies of Tü<br>rk Mü<br>teahhitler Birligi (the Turkish Contractors&rsquo<br>Association, TMB). Applied standard contracts, Court of Cessation decisions and International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) arbitration awards were analyzed to determine problem areas. Telephonic and face-to-face interviews were performed with staff of companies for further information on their answers, their opinions and recommendations on problem areas. Additionally, hypotheses were tested: to determine the effect of existence of clauses on exposure of contractors to consequences of problems emerged in execution phase of contract<br>to analyze relationship between problems encountered in FIDIC or YIATS and financial, temporal and non-compliance problem areas<br>to analyze effect of cost determination method on emergence of problems related to these areas. These studies revealed main problem areas as: financial, temporal and non-compliance issues.
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Akbasoglu, Sinan. "Short-term Statistics Of Wind Waves Around The Turkish Coast." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12604722/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis, the wind-wave records obtained at three locations along the Turkish coasts (Alanya, Dalaman and Hopa) are analyzed. Probability distributions of individual wave characteristics (wave height, wave period and wave steepness) are obtained and compared with the model distributions. Goodness of fit of the observed distributions is checked by Chi-square test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. Joint probability distribution of individual wave heights and periods is also studied and compared with the theoretical distributions. The relationships among various statistical wave height parameters and statistical wave period parameters are investigated and compared with the theoretical and reported values.
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Keskin, Hakan. "Review Of Natural Gas Discovery And Production From Conventional Resources In Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608314/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Oil and natural gas are the most strategic raw materials to meet the expanding energy requirement in today&rsquo<br>s world. They have great impact on issues such as economy, national security, development, competition, and political consistency.
Being a developing country, Turkey&rsquo<br>s natural gas requirement is increasing rapidly. However, the production is far from covering the demand. Recent assumptions point out that natural gas demand of Turkey will reach 44 billion cubic meters in 2010 with a financial burden of 10 billion $ to the national economy.
Therefore Turkey requires meeting natural gas demand by using its own conventional natural gas resources. The geological researches and global data encourage Turkey to drill more exploration wells in offshore side of Western Black Sea .In early 2007, the production will be started in Western Black Sea Region with 1.42 million cubic meter gas per day.
Moreover, further exploration and production activities in the region are still continuing in order to increase the production.
In this thesis, issues such as importance of the natural gas for
Turkey and the world, Turkey&rsquo<br>s present energy situation and natural gas supply and demand scenarios for Turkey have been investigated. The possible impact of natural gas exploration and production in Black Sea region on Turkey&rsquo<br>s economy in near future has been emphasized. An extensive literature survey using related printed and unprinted media has
been performed in order to collect the necessary data and information.
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Daneshvar, Maryam. "Analysis Of Organisational Routines To Understand Change In Construction: The Case Of Turkish Construction Industry." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613891/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Surrounding business environment, opportunities and requirements of organizations are under constant change. According to the evolutionary economics, organizations continuously make efforts to adapt themselves in line with changing circumstances of environments where they operate. In exploration of organizational change, organizational routines are recognized as the key analysis units. It is because when a change plan is required, routines undergo design or redesign processes.
The construction industry literature is quite limited in terms of explorations regarding to organizational routines evolution. In this study, an attempt has been made to support the arguments, which claim<br>organizations react to external pressures through modifying their organizational routines. The objective is fulfilled by demonstrating original evidences of adaptation processes of two organizational routines of Turkish construction firms&lsquo<br>, which were influenced by Turkish construction industry environmental evolution over the past twenty years.Within this context, a questionnaire survey was administered to three Turkish construction professionals, in order to detect industry change drivers and events and their impact of organizational performance features. Business development and claim management routines were identified by industry survey respondents, as the two mostly changed routines over the past twenty years. Conducting further interviews with two Turkish Construction firms, the organizational evolutionary processes of these two routines, which were born as the reflection to the detected main industry change events, are mapped and investigated.
Research findings detected the principle change drivers of Turkish construction industry over the past twenty years as
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Uluskaradag, Ozge. "Health Sector Restructuring In Turkey: The Impact Of Neoliberal Policies And European Union Membership Candidacy." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613402/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis aims to analyze the inner dynamics as well as the outcomes of the health sector restructuring process in Turkey, by focusing on Neo-Liberal transformation, New Public Management practices and European Integration process. The thesis argues that health reform process along with other public sector reforms have been initiated by Neo-Liberalism as the new face of institutional and structural arrangements during 1980s. Within that process, it is underlined that New Public Management approach with its commitment to private sector methodology and techniques reflected the underlying philosophy and basic premises of Neo-Liberalism which dominated the health sector restructuring process in Turkey, as well as in Eastern Europe since 1990s. Often characterized
with the notion of &ldquo<br>efficiency&rdquo<br>, the New Public Management techniques and methodologies claimed to bring a more efficiently working health system. In order to refute this claim, the health sector reforms that have been exercised in the past two decades in Turkey as well as in Eastern Europe are analyzed within a historical context. It is also argued that while the Neo-Liberal policies and policy initiatives proposed by International Monetary Fund and World Bank had a direct effect on health sector restructuring process, the role of the European Union has been indirect with regard to organization and service provision. Therefore, the main objective of this thesis is to analyze the outcomes of the health reforms carried out in Turkey in a multidisciplinary manner in order to reveal its political, economic,social and administrative implications in terms of service providers and service
takers.
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Sayin, Cagkan. "What Does The Turkish Bureaucracy Represent? Manifestation Of The State-society Relationship In The Meaning Worlds Of The Bureaucrats." Phd thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607726/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation is an exploratory research that analyzes the representation of the state and its relationship with society in the meaning worlds of the Turkish bureaucrats. Accordingly, the research question of this dissertation has to do with political representation in the mindsets of bureaucratic actors. Regarding this question, we focused on the theory of representative bureaucracy and addressed its inadequacies in analyzing the issue of bureaucratic representation. In our view, representation is a phenomenon related to a particular mode of understanding that creates commonsense. It involves the contextual varieties of taken for granted knowledge that constitutes the basis of one&rsquo<br>s social world, which the theory of representative bureaucracy fails to question. In this respect, our research intended to discover how do bureaucrats order and arrange the meaning of state-society relationship in their minds. We conducted our research in the Capital Markets Board of Turkey, the Ministry of Finance, and the Turkish Military Academy. We used the methods of multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis to reveal the latent meaning patterns in the meaning worlds of the bureaucrats. The results of our analysis pointed out two major findings. Our first finding indicated the reductionism of the theory of representative bureaucracy in understanding and interpreting the meaning worlds of the Turkish bureaucrats. Our second finding involved the significant similarities as well as the differences in the meaning worlds of the bureaucratic organizations. These variations demonstrated how the organizations of the same state might differ due to distinct organizational ideologies.