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Journal articles on the topic 'Turkish-German Literature'
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1
CENGİZ, Semran. "Modern Turkish Literature in German Sources." Journal of Turkish Studies Volume 5 Issue 2, no. 5 (2010): 1448–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/turkishstudies.1076.
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Olaru, Ovio. "Transnational Aspects of German-Turkish Literature." Metacritic Journal for Comparative Studies and Theory 3, no. 1 (July 15, 2017): 44–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/mjcst.2017.3.03.
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White, Jenny B. "Turks in Germany: Overview of the Literature." Middle East Studies Association Bulletin 29, no. 1 (July 1995): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002631840003042x.
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A complete bibliography of just German-language literature dealing with the Turkish minority in Germany could easily double as a coffee table. The best one can do for a short introduction to German-, English- and Turkish-language sources is to separate out major categories into which one can organize the thrust and style of these writings and to select several examples of particularly representative or insightful recent publications. Of necessity that leaves a large barrel untapped. For those interested in acquiring a more complete bibliography, to furnish their home or not, I have appended several sources.
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Heim, Lea Laura. "Rewriting the Nation: German-Turkish Transformations of the Bildungsroman." Journal of Frontier Studies 6, no. 2 (June 24, 2021): 37–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.46539/jfs.v6i2.291.
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Literatures arising in the context of migration and cultural contact are known to provoke the nationally confined canonisation of literature. While the view that so-called ‘migrant literature’ does belong to German literature and culture is widely established within recent scholarship, the literary means of claiming space in the national canon are still an under-researched topic. The purpose of the study is to analyse the literary means of claiming space in the national canon and thereby investigate the permeability of its boundaries. By rewriting a canonical genre of German literature, which is historically linked to the emergence of a sense of a national identity, the analysed German-Turkish texts are using the Bildungsroman as a frame of reference to articulate pluralistic national identities. They further inscribe historical representations that have been omitted from dominant historical discourse into the national cultural memory. While rewriting the genre, the texts participate in the actualisation of the Bildungsroman and thereby reposition its traditional boundaries. Finally, the novels express the need to renegotiate the concept of the nation as well as its demand for homogeneity.
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Seyhan, Azade. "From Istanbul to Berlin: Stations on the Road to a Transcultural/Translational Literature." German Politics and Society 23, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 152–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/104503005780889228.
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In this article, I read selected texts of two of the most prominent Turkish born authors of Berlin, Aras Ören and Emine Sevgi Özdamar, as poetic projects of confronting and grasping the vicissitudes of modernity's troubled path both in their homeland and in their experience of German history and culture. My reasons for the emphasis on the work of these writers derives from their various positions between two languages and literary traditions and their ability to negotiate various nuances of "German" and "Turk" and the lived experience of these contested categories. "A poet is a member of that minority that refuses to be part of any official minority, because a poet knows what it is to belong among those walking in broad daylight, as well as those hiding behind closed shutters," writes Charles Simic, Pulitzer Prize-winning poet from the former Yugoslavia. Ören, a Wahlberliner (a Berliner by choice), is arguably the keenest observer and chronicler of cultural clashes and shared destinies between the Turkish and German residents of Berlin's Kreuzberg area. The streets of Ören's Kreuzberg become stages where the competing errors of Turkish and German pasts are reenacted in the present.
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Adelson, Leslie A. "The Turkish Turn in Contemporary German Literature and Memory Work." Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory 77, no. 4 (January 2002): 326–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00168890209597875.
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Martin, John, David Horrocks, and Eva Kolinsky. "Turkish Culture in German Society Today." Modern Language Review 94, no. 2 (April 1999): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3737218.
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Fischer, Monika, David Horrocks, and Eva Kolinsky. "Turkish Culture in German Society Today." German Quarterly 71, no. 2 (1998): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/407893.
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Penka, S., H. Heimann, A. Heinz, and M. Schouler-Ocak. "Explanatory models of addictive behaviour among native German, Russian-German, and Turkish youth." European Psychiatry 23, S1 (January 2008): s36—s42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(08)70060-9.
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AbstractIn Germany, the public system of addiction treatment is used less by migrants with addictive disorders than by their non-migrant counterparts. To date, the literature has focused primarily on language, sociocultural factors, and residence status when discussing access barriers to this part of the health care system. However, little attention has been paid to cultural differences in explanatory models of addictive behaviour. This is surprising when we consider the important role played by popular knowledge in a population's perceptions of and responses to illnesses, including their causes, symptoms, and treatment.In the present study, we examined explanatory models of addictive behaviour and of mental disorders in 124 native German und Russian-German youth and compared these models to those observed in an earlier study of 144 German and Turkish youth. We employed the free listing technique German and to compile the terms that participating subjects used to describe addictive behaviour. Subsequently, we examined how a subset of our study population assigned these terms to the respective disorders by means of the pile sort method.Although the explanatory models used by the German and Russian-German youth in our study were surprisingly similar, those employed by Turkish youth did not make any fundamental distinction between illegal and legal drugs (e.g. alcohol and nicotine). German and Russian-German youth regarded eating disorders as “embarrassing” or “disgraceful”, but Turkish youth did not. Unlike our German and Russian-German subjects, the Turkish youth did not classify eating disorders as being addictive in nature. Moreover, medical concepts crucial to a proper understanding of dependence disorders (e.g. the term “physical dependence”) were characterised by almost half of our Turkish subjects as useless in describing addictions.These findings show that it is impossible to translate medical or everyday concepts of disease and treatment properly into a different language without considering the connotations and implications of each term as it relates to the respective culture. Terms that are central to Western medical models of disease may otherwise be misunderstood, misinterpreted, or simply rejected.
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Kallin, Britta. "Brecht, Turkish Theater, and Turkish-German Literature: Reception, Adaptation, and Innovation after 1960 by Ela Gezen." Feminist German Studies 35, no. 1 (2019): 141–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/fgs.2019.0009.
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Sievers, Wiebke. "Turkish Migrant Writers in Europe: Mehmed Uzun in Sweden and Aras Ören in West Germany." European Review 24, no. 3 (June 21, 2016): 440–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s106279871600017x.
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The literatures that have emerged from post-war Turkish migration to Europe have become a topic of discussion since the 1980s. However, studies comparing the emergence of these literatures in different European contexts are rare. This article compares Sweden and West Germany, two contexts where migration from Turkey has a similar history, but where the resulting literatures differ massively due to different political and literary conditions. Multicultural, and in particular multilingual, public policies in Sweden have facilitated the emergence of a Kurdish diaspora literature; this then became a major impetus for the emergence of a Kurdish literature in Turkey when it was finally possible to write and publish in Kurdish there in the 1990s. The emergence of the New Left in West Germany, reflected in a re-awakened workers’ literature and new left-wing publishing houses in the German literary field, has provided publishing opportunities for Turkish migrant writers influenced by a socialist internationalist tradition in the 1970s. These works laid the foundation for a literary tradition that has since come to be regarded as having changed the understanding of what it means to be German.
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Kaupp, Steffen. "Brecht, Turkish Theater, and Turkish-German Literature: Reception, Adaptation, and Innovation after 1960 by Ela A. Gezen." German Studies Review 42, no. 2 (2019): 407–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/gsr.2019.0067.
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Kyuchukov, Hristo. "Turkish, Bulgarian and German Language Mixing Among Bulgarian Muslim Roma in Germany." East European Journal of Psycholinguistics 6, no. 2 (December 27, 2019): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/eejpl.2019.6.2.kyu.
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The paper presents the phenomenon of language mixing with Bulgarian by Muslim Roma migrants from northeastern Bulgaria in Berlin, Germany. They identify as Turks and in their everyday communication speak mainly Bulgarian and old variety of Turkish, in the scientific literature known as Balkanized Turkish. They can speak relatively little German and have low proficiency in the language. The paper describes the language mixing as well as the forms of code-switching between Turkish, Bulgarian and German. These linguistic and social phenomena within the Muslim Roma community are analysed within the framework of several sociolinguistic theories regarding code-switching and bilingualism. The theory of J. Gumperz (1962) about communication matrix is used and patterns of Turkish- Bulgarian, Turkish-German and Turkish-Bulgarian-German are presented and analysed. The grammatical categories which are switched in the Turkish-Bulgarian-German language contacts, involve nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and negations. However, code-switching is used only in communication with other Bulgarians. In communication with Turks from Turkey they switch only between Turkish and German and use another variety of Turkish.
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Spitzer, Leo, and Tülay Atak. "Learning Turkish." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 126, no. 3 (May 2011): 763–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2011.126.3.763.
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Emigration is translation. Written by Leo Spitzer in 1934, “Learning Turkish” offers a glimpse into the historical circumstances of his and other German academics' exile in Istanbul—an exile that plays a foundational role in comparative literature, as Erich Auerbach, Edward Said, Aamir Mufti, and Emily Apter have argued. Spitzer's attempt to analyze the characteristics of the Turkish language while that language was transforming amplifies recent critical attempts to understand “modern Turkey's nation-based and state-directed poiesis” (Yaeger 11). Bridging the gap between exile in Istanbul and the modern Turkish language, “Learning Turkish” introduces complexity to contemporary paradigms of global comparatism and identifies symptoms of literary studies' relocation to the context of a new nation-state; the article exemplifies the complicity between local nationalisms and cultural imperialisms and illuminates, on a personal level, how linguistic estrangement becomes a way of negotiating the experience of deportation, of emigration, and of the foreignness of adoptive cultures for Spitzer.
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Lorenz, Eliane, Tugba Elif Toprak, and Peter Siemund. "English L3 acquisition in heritage contexts: Modelling a path through the bilingualism controversy." Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics 57, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 273–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/psicl-2021-0012.
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Abstract The current study adds to research investigating the influence of bilingualism on third language (L3) acquisition, more specifically the assumption that the two previously acquired languages enhance the acquisition of an additional language. We here rely on data from 1,409 bilingual (Russian-/Turkish-German) and monolingual (German) students of grades seven and nine, sampled in schools across Germany. The relevant literature yields mixed and controversial results regarding bilingual advantages, yet it also suggests that L3 acquisition is a multidimensional process potentially affected by various linguistic and extra-linguistic factors. Thus, we examine the relationship between English proficiency (L2 or L3), reading comprehension in German and the heritage languages Turkish and Russian along with cognitive ability and socio-economic status by using several multi-group path analyses, a type of structural equation modelling. The proposed structural equation model of English proficiency can be successfully fitted for all participants investigated, i.e. for both the monolingual and bilingual learners, with the exception of the Turkish-German group when analyzed separately. Overall, the results do not suggest any obvious bilingual facilitation effects or general differences across the learner groups, yet minor differences between the monolingual and bilingual groups in various componential relationships are detected.
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Mine Eren. "Cosmopolitical Claims: Turkish-German Literatures from Nadolny to Pamuk (review)." Comparative Literature Studies 46, no. 4 (2009): 676–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cls.0.0100.
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Mani, B. Venkat. "The Turkish Turn in Contemporary German Literature. Toward a New Critical Grammar of Migration." Monatshefte 99, no. 1 (2007): 128–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mon.2007.0012.
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Cheesman, Tom. "Akcam - Zaimoglu - 'Kanak Attak': Turkish Lives and Letters in German." German Life and Letters 55, no. 2 (April 2002): 180–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0483.00223.
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Schönenberger, Manuela. "The acquisition of determiners in child L2 German." Folia Linguistica 48, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 169–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flin.2014.006.
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Abstract The object of this study is to test Meisel’s (2009) hypothesis that there is a sensitive phase in language acquisition that ends around age 4. Early L2 acquisition may therefore already show differences from L1 acquisition. To test this hypothesis, determiner production in the naturalistic speech of four successive bilingual Turkish-German children recorded during free-play situations was compared to that of monolingual German children discussed in the literature. The successive bilinguals had an age of onset of German between 3 and 4 years and were studied over a period of 20 months. Determiner production was examined because Turkish, as opposed to German, does not have an article system. Determiner omission and incorrect article use were considered. A clear difference emerged in determiner omission, but not in article misuse. After some initial variability in determiner production, determiner omission by the monolingual children was found to gradually fall below 10 per cent, while a plateau effect could be observed in the bilingual children. There was no clear evidence for article misuse in either the L1 or the child L2 data. Our findings about determiner omission suggest that early L2 acquisition differs from L1 acquisition. It is unclear, however, whether the child L2 learners will persist in omitting determiners from obligatory contexts, since data collection was ended while the children were still in the process of acquiring German
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Hackett, Sarah. "Turkish Muslims in a German city: Entrepreneurial and residential self-determination." Migration Letters 12, no. 1 (January 5, 2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v12i1.252.
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Drawing upon a collection of oral history interviews, this paper offers an insight into entrepreneurial and residential patterns and behaviour amongst Turkish Muslims in the German city of Bremen. The academic literature has traditionally argued that Turkish migrants in Germany have been pushed into self-employment, low-quality housing and segregated neighbourhoods as a result of discrimination, and poor employment and housing opportunities. Yet the interviews reveal the extent to which Bremen’s Turkish Muslims’ performances and experiences have overwhelmingly been the consequences of personal choices and ambitions. For many of the city’s Turkish Muslim entrepreneurs, self-employment had been a long-term objective, and they have succeeded in establishing and running their businesses in the manner they choose with regards to location and clientele, for example. Similarly, interviewees stressed the way in which they were able to shape their housing experiences by opting which districts of the city to live in and by purchasing property. On the whole, they perceive their entrepreneurial and residential practices as both consequences and mediums of success, integration and a loyalty to the city of Bremen. The findings are contextualised within the wider debate regarding the long-term legacy of Germany’s post-war guest-worker system and its position as a “country of immigration”.
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Twist, Joseph. "From Roots to Rhizomes: Similarity and Difference in Contemporary German Postmigrant Literature." Humanities 9, no. 3 (July 16, 2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h9030064.
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There has traditionally been some divergence in the interpretive paradigms used by scholars analysing minority literature in the Germanophone and Anglophone contexts. Whereas the Anglosphere has tended to utilize poststructural and postcolonial approaches, interculturality and transculturality are favoured in the German-speaking world. However, these positions are aligning more closely, as the concept of similarity is gaining ground in Germany, disrupting the self–other binary in what can be regarded as a shift from the idea of roots to rhizomes. In dialogue with Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s concept of the rhizome, the paradigm of similarity will be explored in terms of culture in Zafer Şenocak’s essay collection Das Fremde, das in jedem wohnt: Wie Unterschiede unsere Gesellschaft zusammenhalten (The Foreign that Resides in Everyone: How Differences Hold Our Society Together, 2018), which explores the similarities between Turkish and German culture alongside their internal differences; in terms of language in Uljana Wolf’s poetry cycle “DICHTionary” (2009), which seeks out links between German and English through ‘false friends’; and in terms of religion in Feridun Zaimoglu and Günter Senkel’s play Nathan Messias (Nathan Messiah 2006), which raises questions about interreligious dialogue. All three texts challenge binary notions of identity in favour of a more complex, rhizomatic network of relations.
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Isci, Onur. "The Massigli Affair and its Context: Turkish Foreign Policy after the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact." Journal of Contemporary History 55, no. 2 (May 8, 2019): 271–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009419833443.
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This article examines Turkey's wartime diplomacy between the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact and Hitler's unleashing of Operation Barbarossa. Rather than a survey of Turkish foreign policy as a whole, it takes a critical episode from July 1940 as a case study that – when put in context – reveals how fear of Nazi power and even greater fear of the Soviet Union created in Turkey a complex view of a desired outcome from the Second World War. Juxtaposing archival materials in Turkish, Russian, German, and English, I draw heavily on the hitherto untapped holdings of the Turkish Diplomatic Archives (TDA). Overall, this article demonstrates both the breadth and limits of Nazi Germany's sweeping efforts to orchestrate anti-Soviet propaganda in Turkey; efforts that helped end interwar Soviet-Turkish cooperation. Against previously established notions in historiography that depict Soviet-Turkish relations as naturally hostile and inherently destabilizing, this article documents how the Nazi–Soviet Pact played a key role in their worsening bilateral affairs between 1939 and 1941. The argument, then, is in keeping with newer literature on the Second World War that has begun to compensate for earlier accounts that overlooked neutral powers.
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Kivrak. "Unburdening the Past: Transhistorical Representations of Complicity in Contemporary Turkish-German Fiction and Film." Comparative Literature Studies 56, no. 4 (2019): 827. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/complitstudies.56.4.0827.
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Yildiz, Yasemin. "Turkish Girls, Allah's Daughters, and the Contemporary German Subject: Itinerary of a Figure1." German Life and Letters 62, no. 4 (October 2009): 465–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0483.2009.01475.x.
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Auer, Peter, and Vanessa Siegel. "Grammatical Gender in the German Multiethnolect." Journal of Germanic Linguistics 33, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 5–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1470542720000082.
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While major restructurings and simplifications have been reported for gender systems of other Germanic languages in multiethnolectal speech, this article demonstrates that the three-way gender distinction of German is relatively stable among young speakers from an immigrant background. We investigate gender in a German multiethnolect based on a corpus of approximately 17 hours of spontaneous speech produced by 28 young speakers in Stuttgart (mainly from Turkish and Balkan background). German is not their second language, but (one of) their first language(s), which they have fully acquired from childhood. We show that the gender system does not show signs of reduction in the direction of a two-gender system, nor of wholesale loss. We also argue that the position of gender in the grammar is weakened by independent innovations, such as the frequent use of bare nouns in grammatical contexts where German requires a determiner. Another phenomenon that weakens the position of gender is the simplification of adjective-noun agreement and the emergence of a generalized gender-neutral suffix for prenominal adjectives (that is, schwa). The disappearance of gender and case marking in the adjective means that the grammatical category of gender is lost in Adj + N phrases (without a determiner).
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van Bergen, Diana, Ozlem Eylem-Van Bergeijk, and Amanda Heredia Montesinos. "Attempted suicide and suicide of young Turkish women in Europe and Turkey: A systematic literature review of characteristics and precipitating factors." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 4, 2021): e0253274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253274.
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Background The increased risk of suicidal behaviour among Turkish women living in Europe and Turkey is a serious public health problem. This study compares and synthesises the empirical evidence of demographic, social, psychological and interpersonal characteristics and precipitating factors in the suicides and attempted suicides of Turkish women in Europe and Turkey. Methods We systematically searched eight databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, Med Line, Web of Science, Smart Cat, Safety Lit, BASE and Ulakbim), using search terms in English, Turkish, German and Dutch, as well as the reference lists of the retrieved papers. We extracted data on countries/regions, population characteristics, sample characteristics, recruitment, method of data collection, type of suicidal behaviour (suicide or attempted suicide) and precipitating factors and characteristics. The results were qualitatively synthesised. Results We retrieved nine studies on attempted suicide in Europe (from Germany, Switzerland and the Netherlands), 17 studies on attempted suicide in Turkey and 10 studies on suicide in Turkey (36 in total). Overall, we found similar precipitating factors and characteristics of attempted suicide and suicide in Turkey and Europe, including socio-demographic factors (young age and not being enrolled in the labour market), poverty and, to some extent, mental illness. Moreover, conflicts with family or spouses and violence against women, including so-called honour violence, were particularly common for women living in or originating from traditional areas in Turkey. Conclusion The framework of intersectionality is relevant to understanding our results, because structural inequalities in gender roles, gender role expectations as well as power imbalances among socio-economic classes collectively impact the suicidal behaviour of Turkish women. Moreover, the importance of violence against women points to the cultural continuity of the patriarchal and oppressive structures of Europe and Turkey. Suicide prevention efforts should address cultural attitudes underlying violence against women and girls through community education programmes, cultural and gender-sensitive care provision and jurisdiction.
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Federmair, Leopold. "Der neue Diamant: Verfremdungseffekte bei E. S. Özdamar." Arcadia 47, no. 1 (July 2012): 153–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arcadia-2012-0001.
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AbstractEmine Sevgi Özdamar is a representative author of German-Turkish literature, which has been growing in size and importance during the last decades. The present article assumes that authors who use norm-deviant language (diverging from established linguistic practices as well as from conventional and modern literary forms of expression) are particularly capable of making innovative contributions to contemporary German literature. In Özdamar’s narrative works uncertain linguistic attitudes and deficient or “odd” verbalizations can produce aesthetically valuable estrangement effects –; a conception recalling Bertolt Brecht’s literary theory, as well as Ernst Jandl’s experimentations with what he called “heruntergekommene Sprache” (degenerate language). Due, among other factors, to Özdamar’s decision to use predominantly autobiographical material for her narrations, her exophonic writing accompanies in some works childlike-naive forms of perception, and diction that can produce similar effects in respect to linguistic norms and habits. We can observe numerous metaphorical expressions that reveal a playful animistic attitude towards reality. A look at Özdamar’s three-volume autobiographical sequence suggests that the estranging/innovative quality of her literary work decreases with the her gradual integration into the German linguistic and literary community. Viewed in this light, the struggle for literaricity would consist of maintaining and renewing the essential “linguistic strangeness” (Marcel Proust) of her style. Such an attitude is different from a globalized (or globalizing) type of literature, which intends to produce universal linguistic and narrative schemata.
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Burns, Rob. "Brecht, Turkish Theater, and Turkish-German Literature: Reception, Adaptation, and Innovation after 1960.By Ela E. Gezen. Rochester, N.Y.: Camden House, 2018. xiii + 159 pages. $85.00." Monatshefte 111, no. 3 (September 2019): 474–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/m.111.3.474.
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Alyaz, Yunus, Erkan Isigicok, and Esim Gursoy. "The Impact of the Environmental Documentary Movies on Pre-service German Teachers’ Environmental Attitudes." Journal of Education and Training Studies 5, no. 1 (December 30, 2016): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v5i1.1976.
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This study examines the environmental attitudes of Turkish pre-service teachers of German as a foreign language using the German version of The Revised New Ecological Paradigm Scale (RNEP) and aims to compare New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) level of participants before and after a larger research project that uses documentary movies as a language teaching material. The comparisons were made according to demographic variables such as gender, age, education and language level when determining the NEP levels. A total of 170 pre-service German teachers (147 females, 23 males; age 17-32) contributed to the study. The findings from the present study indicate that environmental education is the most consistent factor in its relationship to levels of environmental concern, which was supported by the previous literature. The results suggest that trans-disciplinary environmental education is prior and necessary for individuals to increase their awareness and to develop abilities to reflect on their environmental responsibilities. The results of the present study also evidence that the use of environmental documentary movies have an important potential to foster environmental awareness of pre-service teachers.
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Hall, Katharina. "'Bekanntlich sind Dreiecksbeziehungen am kompliziertesten': Turkish, Jewish and German Identity in Zafer Senocak's Gefahrliche Verwandtschaft." German Life and Letters 56, no. 1 (January 2003): 72–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0483.00244.
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Brandt, Bettina. "Collecting Childhood Memories of the Future: Arabic as Mediator Between Turkish and German in Emine Sevgi özdamar's Mutterzunge." Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory 79, no. 4 (October 2004): 295–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/gerr.79.4.295-315.
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Bower, Kathrin M. "Nickl, Benjamin. Turkish German Muslims and Comedy Entertainment: Settling into Mainstream Culture in the Twenty‐First Century." German Quarterly 94, no. 3 (July 2021): 417–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gequ.12220.
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Salmon, Hakeem. "The German Orientalist School Vis-à-vis the History of Arabic Literature: Carle Brockelmann as a Locus Classicus." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 4, no. 5 (May 30, 2021): 236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2021.4.5.26.
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It is an incontestable fact and incontrovertible truism that Orientalism- a term deployed to signify a socio-political trend signifying intellectual enquiry and the academic study of Eastern cultures by the Western intelligentsia – is one of the sources of information about Islam and Muslims. This is a culmination of gargantuan endeavours lent Arab autochthonous patrimony; whether the fragments scribbled in pure Arabic; or those documented in other Asian or African languages; or other Islamic languages such as Persia, Urdu and Turkish; in terms of preservation, study, editing, publication, or indexing. It would be pertinent here to mention the tremendous efforts the Muslims have made to follow what the Westerners have accomplished. The issue of Orientalism has polarized the Arab writers into two extremes: the Revolutionary, obsessed with an unbridled, enthusiastic penchant and infatuated with an irrational hallucinatory predilection to the level of deference and obsequiousness; and the Neo-conservative who discern it as a reprehensible scourge and pestilential plague that should not be embraced at all; not even with a long pole. Between these extremes, we have yet another constellation that is liberal, moderate and detached in its assessment of any matter with a scintilla of nexus to Orientalism. While identifying ourselves and pitching our tent with this coterie, we hereby present Carle Brockelmann, an iconic connoisseur and illustrious belletrist from German mise-en-scene (based on the application of the theory of ‘Aqiq’s taxonomy of Orientalists according to geographical cleavage as propounded in his Encyclopedia christened al-Istishraq wa ‘l-Mustashriqun ) and dissect through analytical framework his blazing trail feat in the stratosphere of History of Arabic Literature.
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Fischer, Monika, and Marilya Veteto-Conrad. "Finding a Voice: Identity and the Works of German-Language Turkish Writers in the Federal Republic of Germany to 1990." German Quarterly 70, no. 4 (1997): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/408107.
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Alyaz, Yunus, Dorothea Spaniel-Weise, and Esim Gursoy. "A Study on Using Serious Games in Teaching German as a Foreign Language." Journal of Education and Learning 6, no. 3 (May 4, 2017): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jel.v6n3p250.
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The interest in Digital Game-Based Language Learning (DGBLL) has increased considerably in recent years although being a relatively new approach. Despite the interest that DGBLL took, the studies in the context of German as a Foreign Language (FL) are quite limited. Moreover, DGBLL in the Turkish context is not prevalent. Due to this gap in the literature, a research project was launched at a big state university in Turkey in 2014 to explore the potentials and limitations of DGBLL. The study focuses specifically on serious games for FL teaching and learning. The aim of the project, in addition to the promotion of linguistic skills of the learners, is to contribute to the development of professional qualifications of the future FL teachers. The present research aims to report on the pilot study of the project. A one group pre-test post-test research design was used in the study. Quantitative data was collected via two opinion questionnaires implemented at the beginning and at the end of the process as well as a receptive vocabulary test. Qualitative data was collected via semi-structuted interviews and game diaries that participants kept. Two serious games for German was selected and used with traditional dictation, transcription and reading comprehension activities. The results of an 11-week gaming activity indicated significant differences between pre- and post-tests in vocabulary. Additionaly, age was found to be an important factor that affects participants’ attitudes towards serious games. The results indicate that the participants found game activities useful for the development of other language skills.
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Muradov, Adalat, Ferruh Tuzcuoğlu, and Yusuf Ziya Bölükbaşı. "The Construction of Geography by Nationalism: Homeland, Motherland, Fatherland." Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 24, no. 1 (April 2021): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.2021.24.1.5.
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In this study, the relationship between space and geography in the composition of nationalism is examined. As a modern ideology, nationalism has been the most powerful ideology for the last two centuries that have shaped the world map, constructing identities and influencing people’s worlds of meaning. Understanding the content of nationalism, which is such a powerful ideology, is essential in understanding today’s events. Therefore, in the present study, the relationship between nationalism and geography is explained through the concept of space, which is one of the two components of identity phenomena. This statement, what is the effect of geography on the composition of nationalism? The answer to the question is made around. It is necessary to understand the conceptual and methodological frameworks of the study to answer this question. The literature review constitutes the methodological framework of the study. The literature on nationalism has been analyzed in this manner. The conceptual framework, on the other hand, constitutes nationalism, nationalism-nation, and nationalism-geography relations. French, German and Turkish nationalisms explain the concepts of homeland, motherland, and fatherland. Consequently, it can be said that in addition to the role of geography in understanding nationalism, it also determines the forms of nationalism concerning the concepts of homeland, motherland, and fatherland.
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Alnamer, Abdul Salam Mohamad, and Sulafah Abdul Salam Alnamer. "The Use of Loanwords in Emirati Arabic According to Speakers’ Gender, Educational Level, and Age." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 7, no. 4 (July 1, 2018): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.7n.4p.158.
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This study aims at identifying the loanwords commonly used in Emirati Arabic (EA), determining their origins and identifying the reasons behind using them. It also investigates the impact of gender, education, and age of speakers of EA on the use of loanwords. To meet these ends, a questionnaire was designed and distributed among 90 speakers of EA who were then classified into three groups: 1) gender; females and males, 2) education; educated and uneducated, and 3) age; young and old. The results show that female EA speakers, educated EA speakers, and young EA speakers use loanwords more than their counterparts in their specific groups. Moreover, the results show that EA speakers use loanwords of different origins like English, Persian, Hindi, and Turkish in addition to a few words of French, Italian, German, and Spanish. The study discusses the possible reasons for these results and concludes with some recommendations for further research.
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Duyan, Mehdi. "Recreation in different cultures: analysis of leisure time activitiesFarklı kültürlerde rekreasyon: Serbest zaman aktivitelerinin incelenmesi." Journal of Human Sciences 14, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 3895. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v14i4.4612.
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In the new world order, societies have begun to pursue a policy aimed at achieving individuals’ appreciating their leisure time, enjoying it, and succeeding in increasing business productivity. Individuals who use their leisure time effectively are regarded healthy emotionally, spiritually, mentally, socially, professionally and physically. It is aimed to examine recreation and leisure time activities in different cultures by considering the similarity or differences between the Turkish society and the leisure time activities of the societies living in different regions of the world. In this study, domestic and international recreation activities were examined and information was obtained by literature screening method. Countries where leisure time activities are studied in different cultures; Turkey, America, Germany, England, China, Australia. As a result, it is noteworthy that in Turkish, American and British society, the rate of watching television, which is regarded as passive recreation activity, is higher than other leisure time activities. In the German and Australian communities, outdoor recreational activities and sport recreational activities are more likely to participate while Chinese society has more participation in traditional sports and cultural activities.Extended English abstract is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.ÖzetYenidünya düzeninde toplumlar, serbest zamanlarını iyi değerlendiren, haz ve keyif alan, iş verimliliğini artırmayı başaran bireyler elde etmeyi hedefleyen bir politika izlemeye başlamışlardır. Serbest zamanlarını etkili ve verimli kullanan bireylerin duygusal, ruhsal, zihinsel, toplumsal, mesleki ve fiziksel olarak sağlıklı olma hali söz konusudur. Türk toplumu ve dünyanın farklı bölgelerinde yaşayan toplumların serbest zaman aktiviteleri arasında benzerlik veya farklılıklar olup olmadığı düşüncesinden yola çıkılarak, farklı kültürlerde rekreasyon, serbest zaman aktivitelerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, yurt içi ve yurtdışı rekreasyon çalışmaları incelenmiş ve literatür tarama yöntemi ile bilgiler elde edilmiştir. Farklı kültürlerde serbest zaman aktivitelerinin incelendiği ülkeler; Türkiye, Amerika, Almanya, İngiltere, Çin, Avustralya. Sonuç olarak, Türk, Amerikan ve İngiliz toplumunda, pasif rekreasyon faaliyeti olan televizyon seyretme oranının diğer serbest zaman aktivitelerine göre yüksek değerlerde olması dikkat çekicidir. Almanya ve Avustralya toplumunda açık hava rekreasyon faaliyetleri ile sportif rekreasyon aktivitelerine katılımın fazla olduğu, Çin toplumunda geleneksel sporlara ve kültürel faaliyetlere daha fazla katılım olduğu görülmektedir.
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Niarchos, Georgios. "The Effect of the Bulgarian Occupation on the Muslim Minority in Western Thrace." East Central Europe 41, no. 2-3 (December 3, 2014): 330–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763308-04103008.
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The Axis campaign in the Balkans resulted in the occupation of Greece (1941–1944) by German, Italian, and Bulgarian forces. During the occupation, a number of ethnic groups raised secessionist demands and aligned themselves with those, who they thought, would better serve their aspirations for greater autonomy. The Muslim minority of Western Thrace stands in sharp contrast to this paradigm, as despite its numerical strength and its proximity with the Turkish “motherland,” as well as its segregation from the Christian majority and the state authorities, it made no organized attempt to secede and followed a pacifist policy. The events of the Axis occupation of Greece have attracted a great deal of academic attention in recent years. The Muslim minority of Thrace by comparison has been the subject of less systematic investigation. In particular, its involvement in these turbulent events has been almost completely neglected by the literature. The present paper seeks to address this gap through the examination of the effect of the Bulgarian occupation on the Muslim population.
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Mani, B. V. "The Turkish Turn in Contemporary German Literature. Toward a New Critical Grammar of Migration. By Leslie A. Adelson. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2005. x + 264 pages. $65.00." Monatshefte XCIX, no. 1 (March 1, 2007): 128–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/m.xcix.1.128.
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Karasoy, Murad. "An overview of education in national socialist period in GermanyAlmanya’da nasyonal sosyalizm döneminde eğitime genel bir bakış." Journal of Human Sciences 15, no. 1 (February 21, 2018): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v15i1.4600.
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The National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei) came into power with democratic procedures between the years of 1933-1945, shaped the educational system in the framework of fascist ideology. In that period, because the schools were regarded as the main venues of creating a German Nationalist Society, the physical structure of schools, curricula, teachers’ education, management and supervision of educational tools and equipment were designed pursuant to the Nazi ideology. Germany has prominently separated from the countries of France, England and Turkey which shape their education system with democratic ideals with coming Hitler into power. The purpose of this study is to investigate the educational system during National Socialism in Germany. In the light of the literature survey conducted for this purpose, it has been revealed how National Socialist German Workers’ Party, primarily Hitler as the leader of the party and the Nazi ideologues, organize pre-school education, primary education and secondary schools according to the Nazi ideology to establish a German Nationalist Society. This period could be a stunning example to show how the education system is structured in the framework of a definite ideology. This study, which examines the education system without anachronism, is thought to provide important contributions to the educational sciences literature.Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. Özet1933-1945 yılları arasında, demokratik yollarda iktidara gelen Nasyonal Sosyalist Alman İşçi Partisi, eğitim sistemini faşist ideoloji çerçevesinde biçimlendirmiştir. Bu dönemde eğitim kurumları, nasyonalist Alman toplumu oluşturmanın ana mekânları olarak kabul edilerek okulların fiziksel yapısı, müfredat programları, öğretmen eğitimi, eğitim araç-gereçleri, yönetimi ve denetimi Nazi ideolojisine göre dizayn edilmiştir. Almanya, Hitler’in iktidara gelmesi ile beraber Fransa, İngiltere ve Türkiye gibi eğitim-öğretimini demokratik idealler doğrultusunda şekillendiren devletlerden belirgin bir şekilde ayrılmaya başlamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Almanya’da Nasyonal sosyalizm döneminde eğitim sisteminin incelenmesidir. Bu amaçla yapılan literatür taraması ışığında Nasyonal Sosyalist İşçi Partisi ve başta bu partinin lideri Hitler ile Nazi ideologlarının, nasyonal sosyalist Alman toplumunun inşa edilmesinde okul öncesi eğitim, ilköğretim, ortaöğretim ve yükseköğretim kademelerinin Nazi ideolojisi çerçevesinde nasıl biçimlendirildiği ortaya konulmuştur. Okulların belli bir ideoloji etrafında yapılandırılmasına çarpıcı bir örnek oluşturan bu dönemde eğitim sisteminin anakronizme düşülmeden irdelendiği bu çalışmanın, eğitim bilimleri literatürüne önemli katkılar sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
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Yücedağ, Gülcan. "Reflections of migration and migrant facts in German history." Journal of Human Sciences 17, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 947–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v17i4.6043.
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After the Second World War in Germany, guest worker migrations came into question. In recent years, the refugee problem in Europe in general and Germany in particular has been attracting attention. However, German history has a much richer content in terms of migration and migrant types. It is possible to say that the content of migration varies according to factors such as the way of migration, the duration of stay in the target country, and distance. Meanwhile, the definition of migrant is also classified in relation to religious, political, national or ethnic identities. This study traces the migration and migrant facts in German history since the Middle Ages. Although Germany received a high rate of migration, until recently it has not called itself as a migration country. Despite that, this paper aims to show that Germany was not independent from the types of migration and migrants also in the past. Therefore, the reflections of migration and migrant facts in German history are researched. In this article, the literature review is done and the data are descriptively analysed. In the Middle Ages, the mobility of the nobility, clergy, students and merchants attracts attention. Forced migration and immigration to America and the impact of industrialization on migration are other important issues. The types of migration and migrants that gained importance during and after the First World War include diversity. Millions of refugees created by the Second World War, guest worker migrations with international treaties after the war, ethnic Germans’ remigration after the Cold War, and the current refugee problem are important reflections in German history related to migration and migrant facts.
Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.
Özet
Almanya’da İkinci Dünya Savaşı’ndan sonra misafir işçi göçleri gündeme gelmiştir. Yakın zamanda ise genel olarak Avrupa, özel olarak Almanya’da mülteci sorunu dikkat çekmektedir. Bununla birlikte Alman tarihi, göç ve göçmen türleri açısından çok daha zengin bir içeriğe sahiptir. Göçün içeriğinin göç etme biçimi, hedef ülkede kalış süresi, mesafe gibi faktörlere göre değiştiğini söylemek mümkündür. Buna paralel olarak göçmen tanımı da dini, siyasi, ulusal veya etnik kimliklerle ilişkili olarak sınıflandırılır. Bu çalışma, Ortaçağ’dan günümüze kadar Alman tarihinde göç ve göçmen olgularının izi sürmektedir. Almanya, yüksek oranda göç almasına rağmen, yakın zamana kadar kendisini bir göç ülkesi olarak adlandırmamıştır. Bununla birlikte, bu çalışma Almanya’nın, geçmişte de göçlerden ve göçmenlerden bağımsız olmadığını göstermeyi hedeflemektedir. Bu nedenle, göç ve göçmen olgularının Alman tarihindeki yansımaları incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmada literatür taraması yapılarak veriler betimsel analize tabi tutulmuştur. Ortaçağ’da soyluların, din adamlarının, öğrencilerin ve tüccarların hareketliliği dikkat çekmektedir. Zorunlu göçler ve Amerika’ya yönelen göçler ile sanayileşmenin göçe etkisi önem taşıyan diğer konulardır. Birinci Dünya Savaşı ve sonrasında öne çıkan göç türleri ve göçmenlik hâlleri çeşitlilik içermektedir. İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nın yarattığı milyonlarca mülteci, savaş sonrasında uluslararası anlaşmalarla gerçekleşen misafir işçi göçleri, Soğuk Savaş sonrasında etnik Almanların geri göçü ve günümüz mülteci sorunu, göç ve göçmen olgularının Alman tarihindeki önemli yansımalarıdır.
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Golkarian, Ghadir. "Nasimi's thought and effect in Comparative Literature in Foreign Resources (Analyzing with Goethe's, S. Remiev’s and Dafydd ap Gwilym)." Revista Amazonia Investiga 9, no. 29 (May 18, 2020): 264–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2020.29.05.30.
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Imadeddin Nasimi is one of the mystical poets of the 14th century as a continuation of the Hurufism movement among Turkish poets. From Nasimi's point of view, ontology has been explained based on theological thought that everything is from the first force, which is equivalent to the whole new soul of the Platonists. The first appearance and the highest manifestation is the originality, the "Word" or the "Word of God," which is called the holy word. A similar view of the origins of Plotinus can found in the poems of other talented medieval and contemporary poets. Nasimi appropriately evaluated in both Eastern and Western literature. Therefore, 2019 was declared the year of Nasimi by UNESCO. He tried to understand God, not through fear, but love and conscience. The greatness of the perfect human personality for the progress of societies can be seen in Nasimi's view. In foreign sources, the philosophical aspect of Nasimi's poems is considered more than his ideological approach. But in this article, the aim of the investigation is that the literary, mystical, and worldview aspects of Nasimi and analyzing the effect of his mystical view on other poets' poems. In this context, Goethe, Dafydd ap Gwilym, Remiev's intellectual approaches, and poems would be analyzed. In the philosophy of ontology, the importance of self-knowledge is a priority. Therefore, based on comparative studies between Nasimi's mystical thought and German, Russian, and English poets, it is possible to understand the constituent elements of the commonality between them. This research will lead to the study of philosophical-mystical themes and the similarity of views between Nasimi and other poets. The use of the research method is the analytical-descriptive method, and their poems compared and criticized. The results of the analysis show that the poets of the Western World influenced by the mystical view of the Eastern world, and the approach of literary celebrities in the world is common to the definition of a perfect human being.
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Kızıler Emer, Funda, and Esma Şen. "Thematic comparasion Hermann Hesse’s novel names Beneath The Wheel (Unterm Rad) and Michael Haneke’s film names The White Ribbon (Das Weiße Band) Hermann Hesse’nin Çarklar Arasında (Unterm Rad) adlı romanı ile Michael Haneke’nin Beyaz Bant (Das Weiße Band) adlı filminin tematik açıdan karşılaştırılması." Journal of Human Sciences 16, no. 2 (May 7, 2019): 543–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v16i2.5733.
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Hermann Hesse, one of the most renowned and well-known Nobel laureates in German literature, is the first years of the 20th century, described in his novel, Beneath The Wheel (Unterm Rad, 1906). The film The White Ribbon. A German Children's Story. (Das Weiße Band. Eine deutsche Kindergeschichte, 2009) of Michael Haneke, one of the world-renowned screenwriters and directors of contemporary German cinema, covers the years of World War I 1913-1914.The main point of criticism in both works is the criticism of education and ideological education policies that dominated the period. In the two works of which one is a novel and the other is a film, we choose them as a thematic aspect, cover the period between 1900 and 1914. In other words, in the first quarter of the 20th century, the criticism of education in Germany and all over Europe is criticized. In this study, we will compare the two German works with each other on the basis of this ‘common subject’. We will limit the comparative analysis of the education problem in selected works to the first quarter of the 20th century based on the time periods described in the works. Within the scope of our study, we will present a critique of the ideological education concept that dominated this period Germany and at the same time laid the foundations of World War I.In the analysis of these two works, which we compare in the common theme axis, we will use the comparative literature method. In the study, we will use an eclectic method in which we will harmonize the methods of text analysis (werkimmanent) and non-text extern (werk extern) in a balanced way.Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetAlman edebiyatının Nobel ödüllü ve dünya çapında tanınmış çok yönlü yazarlarından biri olan Hermann Hesse’nin Çarklar Arasında (Unterm Rad, 1906) adlı romanında anlatılan zaman dilimi 20. yüzyılın ilk yıllarıdır. Çağdaş Alman sinemasının ödüllü ve dünya çapından ün salmış senarist ve yönetmenlerinden biri olan Michael Haneke’nin Beyaz Bant. Bir Alman Çocuk Öyküsü. (Das Weisse Band. Eine deutsche Kindergeschichte, 2009) adlı sinema filmi ise I. Dünya Savaşı’nın patlak verdiği yılları 1913-1914 kapsar.Her iki eserde de temel eleştiri noktası, döneme egemen olan eğitim anlayışı ve ideolojik eğitim politikalarına yöneliktir. Çalışma konusu olarak seçtiğimiz biri roman, diğeri film türünde olan iki eser de tematik açıdan, 1900 ila 1914 yılları arasındaki dönemi kapsar. Yani eserlerde 20. yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinde Almanya’da ve tüm Avrupa genelinde egemen olan eğitim anlayışının eleştirisi yapılır. Biz de bu çalışmada, her iki Almanca eseri, saptadığımız bu ‘ortak konu’ ekseninde birbiriyle karşılaştıracağız. Seçtiğimiz eserlerdeki eğitim sorunsalının karşılaştırmalı analizini, eserlerde anlatılan zaman dilimlerini temel alarak yalnızca 20. yüzyılın ilk çeyreğine sınırlandıracağız. Çalışmamız kapsamında, bu dönem Almanya’sına egemen olan ve aynı zamanda I. Dünya Savaşı’nın temellerini atan ideolojik eğitim anlayışının eleştirisini sunacağız.Ortak tema ekseninde karşılaştıracağımız bu iki eserin analizinde temel olarak karşılaştırmalı edebiyat bilimi yöntemini kullanacağız. Çalışmada, ayrıca metiniçi (werkimmanent) ve metindışı (werkextern) metin inceleme yöntemlerini dengeli biçimde harmanlayacağımız eklektik bir yöntemden yararlanılacaktır.
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Roloff, Julia, Michael S. Aßländer, and Dilek Zamantili Nayir. "The supplier perspective: forging strong partnerships with buyers." Journal of Business Strategy 36, no. 1 (January 19, 2015): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-12-2013-0122.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify three commonly observed mistakes made when managing suppliers and describe factors that contribute to successful buyer–supplier partnerships. Design/methodology/approach – Five extensive case studies in the automotive and clothing industry, as well as cases discussed in the literature, are analysed. Findings – Barriers to successful partnerships are a too strong emphasis on cost cutting and a too controlling management approach on the part of the buyer, and the abuse of insider knowledge for faking performances on the side of the supplier. Open communication, willingness to engage in mutual learning and encouraging innovations are observed in successful partnerships. Research limitations/implications – A limited number of case studies in the German automotive industry and the Turkish clothing industry are used. Both industries are subject to significant change which means that generalisations should be made with caution. Therefore, we discuss only problems and solutions that have also been identified in studies conducted in other industries and/or countries. Practical implications – Managers learn how to best manage partnerships with suppliers and what mistakes to avoid. Social implications – Partnerships aiming at improving working conditions are discussed. Findings and recommendations help managers improve their corporate social performance in the supply chain. Originality/value – Partnerships are approached from the perspective of the supplier to identify commonly made mistakes and successful practices of buyers.
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Kolakowsky-Hayner, Stephanie A., Yelena Goldin, Kristine Kingsley, Elisabet Alzueta, Juan Carlos Arango-Lasprilla, Paul B. Perrin, Fiona C. Baker, Daniela Ramos-Usuga, and Fofi Constantinidou. "Psychosocial Impacts of the COVID-19 Quarantine: A Study of Gender Differences in 59 Countries." Medicina 57, no. 8 (July 31, 2021): 789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57080789.
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Background and Objectives: There is strong evidence in the literature that women experience psychological disorders at significantly higher rates than men. The higher rates of psychological disorders in women may partly be attributable to gender differences in response to stressors and coping styles. The objective of this study was to contribute to the growing body of literature investigating gender differences in mental health outcomes and coping styles during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in a large sample of individuals from 59 countries with variable demographic and socio-cultural characteristics. Materials and Methods: Survey data were collected from the general population following a snowball sampling method, and the survey was promoted through social media platforms and mailing lists. Participants included 6882 individuals from the general population from 59 countries around the world. A combination of both standardized and adapted measures was used to create a survey, originally in English and then translated to Spanish, Italian, French, German, and Turkish. Results: Compared with men, women presented with higher levels of trauma-related distress; had a harder time decompressing; were more depressed, anxious and stressed; showed decreased frustration tolerance and reported lower quality of sleep and an increased likelihood of taking sleep medication or other natural sleep remedies. Overall, women tended to be more vulnerable during the pandemic in developing symptoms consistent with various forms of mental disorders such as depression, anxiety and post-traumatic distress. However, they also were more likely than men to use a variety of adaptive coping strategies, including concentrating on doing something about the situation and getting emotional support from others. Conclusions: A high prevalence of mood symptoms was noted among women. In addition to meeting the physical health needs of the population, emphasis needs to be given to mental health and the prevention of psychiatric disorders, particularly in women.
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Aroshidze, Marine, and Nino Aroshidze. "The Role of the Language Priorities in Development of Society." Balkanistic Forum 30, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v30i1.6.
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The need to comprehend contemporary global problems the mankind is facing poses demands to modern science to expand the range of functions and strengthen interac-tion between areas of society. The modern anthropocentric scientific paradigm makes a focus on the interdisciplinary research of the civilizational processes of social de-velopment, which created the need for a comprehensive study of sociocultural and linguistic processes in their functional interaction during the historical development of society.The process of human socialization is, first of all, the mastery of the symbolic cultural code and cultural memory of society, which in modern society is losing its usual monoculturism and is increasingly acquiring a bi- and multicultural character, which poses a pressing multifaceted problem for society - linguistic policy, linguistic consciousness, persona lingua. The language policy of any particular country or region is dictated by the prevailing socio-political situation in the country and contributes to shaping the fate of this country for it regulates the status of the state language, the language of the press, education, and science.In each society, certain language priorities are formed, as well as language prohibitions that regulate the life of society, and the formation of the worldview of the participants in society depends on the languages being assimilated. Not surprisingly, the problems of language (with the light hand of the philosopher Ludwig Wittgen-stein) have long exceeded philological problems of philological problems. The language policy of small countries largely depends on foreign policy fac-tors; it is interesting to follow the example of Georgia to trace the change in language priorities in different historical eras (from Arabic, Persian, Greek, Latin, Turkish to Russian, and now to English). The Second World War became an important milestone for Soviet Georgia in language policy: the spiritual unity of all the peoples of the USSR was so intense that the formation of a single supra-ethnic community “Soviet nation” was successfully supported by language policy: having Russian as the second native language. The education system and the press were fully focused on the Russian language. The schools taught foreign languages (French, German, English) by choice, but the minimization of hours, the grammatical approach and the lack of language practice allowed only units to learn European languages at the level of free communi-cation.The 1990s became a period of forced breaking of habitual linguistic priorities for Georgia, free of imperial influence. English has become compulsory subject matter at all stages of the Georgian educational system, Russian is studied only by choice as a second foreign language with a minimum number of hours. The previously banned Turkish language is strengthening its position, especially in Adjara, neighboring Turkey.
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Perenič, Urška. "IVAN KUKULJEVIĆ SAKCINSKI U SLOVENSKOJ PRIJEVODNOJ KNJIŽEVNOJ KULTURI SREDINOM 19. STOLJEĆA: JURAN I SOFIJA ILI TURCI KOD SISKA I OBLIKOVANJE SLOVENSKOGA NACIONALNOG IDENTITETA." Umjetnost riječi: časopis za znanost o književnosti, izvedbenoj umjetnosti i filmu 63, no. 1-2 (March 19, 2020): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22210/ur.2019.063.1_2.02.
Full textAbstract:
IVAN KUKULJEVIĆ SAKCINSKI IN THE CULTURE OF MIDNINETEENTH-CENTURY SLOVENE LITERARY TRANSLATION: JURAN AND SOFIA, OR THE TURKS AT SISAK AND THE FORMATION OF THE SLOVENE NATIONAL IDENTITY In 1850, Ivan Kukuljević Sakcinski’s Illyrian-Croatian plays Juran i Sofija ili Turci kod Siska (Juran and Sofija, or the Turks at Sisak, 1839) and Stjepko Šubić ili Bela IV. u Horvatskoj (Štepan Šubic, or Bela IV in Croatia, 1841) were published in Slovene translation in the book Dve igri za slovensko glediše (Two Plays for the Slovene Theatre). First, the paper considers the plays in a wider context of contemporary Slovene-language drama of the same period, and then in a somewhat narrower context of dramatic works in the Slovene language in (South) Slavic literature, wherein the discussion takes into account the position of these two plays in the developing system of genres of translated drama, since these two works occupy a distinctive place because they representing model heroic plays. Special emphasis is placed on the first play, which is not only Kukuljević’s most well-known work, but was, generally speaking, better received in the Slovene context. This can be explained in a number of ways: 1) due to to specific socio-political conditions (the translation into Slovene is from the period of Bach’s s absolutism marked by increased German pressure on the Slovene and Croatian territory); 2) due to obvious social relevance of the Turkish topic (in the Battle at Sisak the Slovenes and Croatians behave heroically, independently and cooperatively); and 3) due to the play’s specific features, in particular its dramatic personae, setting, and Slavic character (in the play, Toma Erdödy, Juran and Andrej Turjaški act in accordance with Slavic reciprocity, and the setting of the play is Slavic). These features, in turn, enabled identification with the characters and promoted national emancipation. The genre of the heroic play filled the gap in the Slovene literature, which Fran Levstik anticipated in his 1858 Slovene literary programme, which is also the first Slovene programme of this type. Keywords: translation, adaptation, Slovene-Croatian relations, Turk
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Mester, Béla. "The Scriptures in Hungarian in Early Modernity." European Review 23, no. 3 (June 2, 2015): 321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798715000101.
Full textAbstract:
This paper offers an overview of the Hungarian translations of the Scriptures, printed in the sixteenth century. Both the translation of the Bible and print culture date from the fifteenth century in Hungary, but printing in Hungarian is a phenomenon of the sixteenth century. Before then, Scriptural chapters, translated by Hungarian Hussites and Minorite monks remained in manuscript, and the print of the Renaissance royal court served the needs of the humanist Latin literature. First, this paper will describe the development of the principles of translations from the cautious solutions of the Erasmian contributor of the first book printed in Hungarian, Paul’s Epistle to the Romans (Kraków, 1535), to the conceptions of the well-organized Calvinist group of scholars that edited the first complete Hungarian Bible (1590). In the analysis of the terminology this paper will focus on the expressions of the divine and earthly power, in the context of the history of political ideas of the same epoch. The history of the early printed Scriptures in Hungarian runs parallel to the gradual enlargement of the earthly power in early modern Hungarian political thought, under the conditions of the Turkish occupation, Hapsburg Catholicism, and the special status of Transylvania. In the history of religion, the dominant strain of the Hungarian Reformation turned from Luther to Calvin, with the most important Hungarian publishing house at the time being that of the Unitarians in Transylvania. This change greatly influenced the development of the Hungarian theoretical culture. For instance, the main destination of peregrinatio academica of Hungarians turned from Wittenberg to the universities of the Netherlands, and the Hungarian printers finally opted for the Humanist Antiqua instead of the German Frakturschrift. The second part of the paper will illustrate this process with examples of the typography of the sixteenth-century Hungarian Scriptures, and of their target audiences.
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SMARI, Ibtissem, and Ildikó HORTOBÁGYI. "Language policies and multilingualism in modern Tunisia." Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brașov, Series IV: Philology. Cultural Studies 13 (62), Special Issue (December 15, 2020): 207–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31926/but.pcs.2020.62.13.3.12.
Full textAbstract:
"In a multicultural and multilingual world, people negotiate their identities along contextual lines. Online mediated information about countries and cultures build bridges at the individual level and create a sense of “global citizenship” (Hortobagyi 2015; 2017). Languages policies and linguistic landscapes facilitate the exploration of the multilingual texture of a country, thus research in imminently multicultural environments fosters a better understanding of multiple linguistic identities. Situated at the intersection of social and language sciences, drawing on relevant literature and using a comparative approach, the presentation highlights Tunisia’s long history of linguistic and political confrontation since its independence from France (Riguet 1984) and focuses on the educational reforms that have been undertaken, particularly on the various policies and guidelines pertaining to modifying the language policy of the country. Since the 1970s, a significant process of Arabization has been underway, alongside the strengthening of bilingual education, which was launched as early as 1956. Considering that English started to be taught in Tunisian schools shortly after the independence (Battenburg 1997), Tunisian education has always been trilingual with English as the most common foreign language added to Arabic and French. The first years of the 21st century were marked by the introduction of additional foreign languages in secondary education, such as Russian, Spanish, Italian, Chinese, German, and Turkish among others. All these policies have allowed Tunisia to access modernity (Messadi 1967 cited in Belazi 1991, 53). Currently, Tunisian Arabic and Berber are languages that have not yet been added to the political agenda. Nevertheless, the return to the standardization of Arabic through teaching, the noticeable decline of the use of French, and the emergence of English as a new alternative, indicate linguistic policies in which multilingualism is becoming the new norm, with manifest representations both at the societal level and in the new media communication."