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Journal articles on the topic 'TurkStream'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 17 July 2025

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1

Jurdik, Erich, Oleg Aksyutin, Bjørn-Andreas Hugaas, and Ping Liu. "TurkStream Technological Advancements." International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering 32, no. 3 (2022): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17736/ijope.2022.jc880.

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2

Smoleń, Kinga. "The geopolitical dimensions of the TurkStream pipeline." Rocznik Instytutu Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej 17, no. 4 (2019): 101–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36874/riesw.2019.4.5.

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The empirical goal of this paper is to conduct an analysis of the geopolitical dimensions of the TurkStream pipeline, with special consideration given to its determinants as well as a diagnosis of the geopolitical implicationsof its geographical extent. To explore this problem, the following hypotheses are offered. First, the inauguration of the second branch of the TurkStream pipeline in the beginning of 2020 will strengthen the monopolistic positionof Russia as a supplier of natural gas to the countries of the European Union.This will increase the dependency of the EU on Russia and severely

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3

Islamov, Damir R. "Role of the European Union and Turkey in the Energy and Transport Policies of the Western Balkans (2014-2021)." IZVESTIYA VUZOV SEVERO-KAVKAZSKII REGION SOCIAL SCIENCE, no. 2 (218) (June 23, 2023): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2687-0770-2023-2-78-82.

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Since the Berlin Process was launched in 2014, as part of which the “Western Balkans Summits” have been held, the EU has been promoting an agenda for the regional infrastructure integration (Connectivity Agenda) with its member states in the energy and transport sectors. More than €1 billion was subsequently allocated to 45 projects in these sectors. At the same time, two major gas projects, the TurkStream and the Southern Gas Corridor, were launched in 2015/2016, turning Turkey into one of the largest gas transit countries for Europe, including for the Balkans. In addition, “to solve the prob

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4

Virag, Attila. "The TurkStream Pipeline in Light of the Security of Demand for Russian Gas." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 29 (2018): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n29p16.

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The purpose of this paper is to analyse the TurkStream project in light of the security of demand for Russian natural gas. The analysis focuses on the relations between the EU and Russia, with further focus on Eastern Europe, accompanied by a description of the power engineering actions affecting the old continent from 2014 to date. Based on the analysis, it can be established that although on the face of it, the Russian-inspired project has policy and business goals, but demand security considerations also lie in the background, fuelled by significant geopolitical endeavours.

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Atiş, Evren, and Erol Kapluhan. "The role of energy in Turkey-Russian relations: Is it a dependency or necessity?" BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Chemistry. Geography. Ecology Series 136, no. 3 (2021): 72–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6771-2021-136-3-72-87.

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Relations between Turkey and the Russian Federation have a rich historical heritage. Economic and trade relations constitute the driving force behind Turkish-Russian relations. Russia has been one of the most important trade partners of Turkey. Trade volume between the two states has reached 26,309 billion USD in 2019, with Turkey’s 3,854 billion USD worth of exports and 22,454 billion USD imports. A total number of 1972 projects with a total value of over 75,7 billion dollars have been realized so far by the Turkish contractors in Russia, while reciprocal investments have reached 10 billion d

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Muhammad, Andi Fachri, and Atika Puspita Marzaman. "ANALISIS KETEGANGAN POLITIK DI LAUT HITAM TERHADAP DINAMIKA EKONOMI REGIONAL." Sriwijaya Journal of International Relations 4, no. 2 (2024): 221–42. https://doi.org/10.47753/sjir.v4i2.123.

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The Black Sea is one of the seas in the world that has turned into a tool of supporting the interests of the countries of the world, especially those who directly borders the area. In fulfilling their interests, those countries will act in many ways, including the usage of diplomacy and force. This is done in order to maintain their ability to utilize the Black Sea area. This research is done to understand how countries that directly borders the Black Sea utilizes that area for their national interests and why they appeared, and also how they interact between each other in order to ensure safe

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7

Božić, Filip, Daria Karasalihović Sedlar, Ivan Smajla, and Ivana Ivančić. "Analysis of Changes in Natural Gas Physical Flows for Europe via Ukraine in 2020." Energies 14, no. 16 (2021): 5175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14165175.

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The main objective of the paper was comparative analyses of natural gas quantities delivered through the existing pipeline capacities in the last decade and new pipeline capacities for the prediction of possible future flows of gas import to Europe. Changes in physical flows have been influenced by European energy strategies that became green oriented resulting with a high amount of non-utilized transmission capacities. The research findings have shown that there is a significant decrease observed in transit of Russian gas through Ukraine in 2020 than previously. Concerning the high increase o

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8

Комарица, Валентин Николаевич. "Стандарты и развитие подводного трубопроводного транспорта: обзор и ретроспектива". SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGIES OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION 14, № 5 (2024): 411–25. https://doi.org/10.28999/2541-9595-2024-14-5-411-425.

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Статья посвящена подводным трубопроводам как важнейшим элементам мировой энергетической инфраструктуры. Рассматриваются два основных типа: морские трубопроводы и трубопроводы, пересекающие водные преграды, с акцентом на их особенности и требования к надежности и безопасности. Рассматриваются национальные и международные стандарты, регулирующие их проектирование, строительство и эксплуатацию, с примерами из различных стран. Приводится исторический обзор развития подводных трубопроводов с середины XX века, включая ключевые проекты, например трубопровод через Ла-Манш – проект «Плутон». Описаны со

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9

Satilmis, Mevlude Gunes. "Turkey's energy policy in the Black Sea region." Международные отношения, no. 2 (February 2025): 112–24. https://doi.org/10.7256/2454-0641.2025.2.74378.

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The subject of the research is Turkey's energy policy in the Black Sea region, with an emphasis on its strategic goals in the field of energy security, reduction of import dependence, and expansion of national energy potential. The object of the research is the bilateral energy relations between Turkey and Russia, including the implementation of major joint projects such as the "Blue Stream" and "TurkStream" gas pipelines, as well as cooperation within the framework of energy diplomacy. The author examines in detail aspects of the topic such as the role of the Black Sea as a strategic energy h

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10

Guan, Haiwei, and Yuji Tian. "Component Combination Rules of Wind Load Effects of Building Structures." Applied Sciences 10, no. 24 (2020): 8775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10248775.

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Under the action of the same wind azimuth, the extreme values of the wind load effect components of building structures are generated in the along-wind, cross-wind, vertical, and torsional directions. In designing the wind-resistant structure, the extreme values of effect components need to be combined to determine the internal force envelope values of members. Complete quadratic combination (CQC) and Turkstra combination rules are often used to determine the combination value of extreme values of wind effect components. The extreme probability distribution expressions of the CQC, and the Turk

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11

Szymczak, Pat Davis. "Black Sea Rising." Journal of Petroleum Technology 76, no. 10 (2024): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/1024-0048-jpt.

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_ Saipem’s flagship vessel Castorone was contracted to start work this summer on Turkey’s offshore deepwater Sakarya gas field while neighboring Romania prepared to enter Phase 2 of its Neptun Deep gas project. Blessed with some of the same source rock as the hydrocarbon-prolific Caspian Sea (they were one sea in the geologic past), the Black Sea has long been regarded as a frontier basin of great promise, but with unique challenges—earthquakes, sheer slopes plunging to 2200-m depths where sediments are unstable, its bottom-water harbors H2S instead of oxygen, and complex life is nowhere to be

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12

Reynolds, Norman C., and Robert B. Slocum. "Response to Montgomery/Turkstra Re: Rational therapy: Defense against evidence based medicine (EBM)." Movement Disorders 26, no. 10 (2011): 1948–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.23869.

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13

Malec, James F. "Sohlberg, M. M., and Turkstra, L. S. (2011). Optimizing Cognitive Rehabilitation: Effective Instructional Methods." Applied Neuropsychology: Adult 19, no. 3 (2012): 237–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09084282.2012.686792.

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14

Shen, Zhao Wei, Xiao Hong Wang, and Wei Liang Jin. "Study on Combination Method of Stochastic Load Processes." Advanced Materials Research 915-916 (April 2014): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.915-916.82.

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When more than one loads act on a structure,the combination of stochastic loads is generally considered in the design of the structure,Based on the theoretical derivation and numerical calculation analysis to the process of two common loads in Poisson square wave and Poisson impulse this paper presents the combination method of loads.i.e. The maximum intensity function of load combination is expressed by the cumulative distribution function in the limit state design. In addition,the result calculated during the limit state design is compared with those calculated by Turkstra and Monte Carlo me

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15

Bin, Huang, Yan Mingdong, Liu Xiaogang, and Xiao Mao. "Based on M-Copula Reliability Analysis of Random Load Correlation." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (August 5, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1268762.

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Load is one of the main causes of structural failure, and the correlation among loads would affect the evaluation results of structural performance. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of the correlation among multiple loads on the structural reliability. In this paper, the nonparametric kernel density estimation (NKDE) method is used to estimate the probability density function (PDF) of related loads. In addition, the mixed copula (M-Copula) model is proposed, which combines Gumbel copula, Frank copula, Clayton copula, and weight coefficient, and the model parameters are fit

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16

Yao, Jitao, Hui Gu, and Liuzhuo Chen. "Probability Analysis of Crane Load and Load Combination Actions." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (July 17, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6527307.

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This study presents probability models of crane load and load combination actions for reliability analysis of the industry buildings. Crane load values are simplified here only varying in time, and load combination actions only vary in space. With the feasible survey program and K-S test, the Gumbel distribution is chosen as the probability distribution of the arbitrary point-in-time crane load values with the statistical investigation data. With the simple stationary binomial random process model hypothesis and the block maxima method, it determined that the maximum value of crane load during

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17

Walrabenstein, W., C. Wagenaar, M. van der Leeden, et al. "AB0396 EFFECT OF A MULTIDISCIPLINARY LIFESTYLE PROGRAM IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: THE PLANTS FOR JOINTS RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (2022): 1326.2–1327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.1689.

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BackgroundLifestyle factors have been associated with the development and progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Interventions involving whole food plant-based diets (WFPDs), physical activity or stress management have shown promising results for people with RA but were not yet evaluated in an integrated program.ObjectivesTo determine the effect of a 16-week multidisciplinary lifestyle program on disease activity in patients with RA.MethodsIn the “Plants for Joints” (PFJ) parallel-arm, assessor-blind randomized clinical trial, patients with RA and a 28-joint Disease Activity Score [DAS28] s

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18

Blomjous, B., G. Gajadin, I. Bultink, et al. "FRI0156 WORK PARTICIPATION IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMATIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (2020): 662.1–662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.3555.

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Background:The treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has improved over the last decades, however, absenteeism and work disability numbers remain higher than those observed in the general population (1). SLE has its onset between the ages of 20 and 40 years, and has a major burden on the lives of patients, both mentally and financially. A recent online survey amongst 2070 European SLE patients revealed that 69.5% of patients had their careers affected due to SLE (2).Objectives:To determine the magnitude of absenteeism and work disability in patients with SLE and to investigate the fac

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19

Kerstens, F., S. Mohamed, I. Visman, F. Turkstra, C. Swearingen, and Y. Yazici. "AB0536 EFFECT OF HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE TREATMENT IN MUCOCUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH BEHÇET’S SYNDROME." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (2020): 1565.2–1565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.4127.

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Background:Behçet syndrome (BS) is a rare multisystemic vasculitis, most commonly seen in regions along the ancient Silk Road. It runs a relapsing and remitting course. Mucocutaneous disease, consisting of oral ulcers, genital ulcers and skin lesions is often reported. EULAR recommendations advise colchicine and topical agents for the treatment of these lesions.1Not all patients respond adequately, thus, it is important to explore alternative treatment options.Objectives:To study the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) 400 mg daily in patients with mucocutaneous BS.Methods:Data on all patient

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20

Wagenaar, C., W. Walrabenstein, M. van der Leeden, et al. "AB0384 THE EFFECT OF A LIFESTYLE PROGRAM ON PATIENTS AT RISK FOR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS:THE “PLANTS FOR JOINTS” PILOT RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (2022): 1319–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.402.

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BackgroundAn unhealthy lifestyle increases the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Interventions including plant-based diets, physical activity, and stress management have shown benefits for RA patients but have not yet been evaluated in a program for patients at risk for RA.ObjectivesTo investigate preliminary effectiveness of a multidisciplinary lifestyle program on RA risk in patients at risk for RA, in comparison to usual care.MethodsIn the “Plants for Joints” (PFJ) pilot RCT, patients with anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) positive arthralgia were randomized to the PFJ

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21

Van der Meulen, C., L. Van de Stadt, F. Kroon, et al. "POS0123 NEUROPATHIC PAIN SYMPTOMS IN INFLAMMATORY HAND OSTEOARTHRITIS(OA) LOWERS HEALTH RELATED PHYSICAL QUALITY OF LIFE AND MAY REQUIRE ANOTHER APPROACH THAN ANTI-INFLAMMATORY TREATMENT." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (2021): 273.2–273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.692.

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Background:Pain is a common, difficult to manage symptom in hand osteoarthritis (OA). Multiple pain mechanisms may play a role in hand OA.Objectives:To investigate presence of neuropathic pain symptoms in patients with inflammatory hand OA, characteristics of those patients, their impact on health related quality of life (HR-QoL), and the influence of anti-inflammatory treatment on neuropathic pain symptoms.Methods:Data from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of prednisolone including 92 patients with hand OA fulfilling ACR criteria were used. At baseline patients had signs o

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22

Erdağ, Ramazan. "TurkStream as Russia’s Last Step in Diversification: A Win-Win Approach." Insight Turkey 23, Winter 2021 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.25253/99.2021231.13.

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This article discusses why Russia replaced the South Stream project with the TurkStream by changing its route and name, and why Turkey is involved in a project on the North-South line although it plays a vital role in the Trans-Anatolia Natural Gas Pipeline (TANAP) project in the southern gas corridor. The article first examines the Russia-Ukraine natural gas crisis. It then moves to analyze the reasons behind Russia’s changing of the name and the route of the South Stream project. After exploring Turkey’s involvement in the project, the article concludes by arguing that both countries adopted

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23

Lazăr, Aurel. "Turkey between NATO and Kremlin. The impact of Russian-Turkish cooperation on the relationship between Ankara and NATO." 17/2021 L'EUROPE UNIE / UNITED EUROPE, PARIS, No-17/2021, Print ISSN: 2780-8173, On line ISSN: 2743-4052 Linking ISSN (ISSN-L): 2743-4052 EAN: 99782749700519, DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.34028.48007, https://www.ceeol.com/search/journal-detail?id=1955, no. 17/2021 (June 7, 2021). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15548007.

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17/2021 L'EUROPE UNIE / UNITED EUROPE, PARIS, No-17/2021, Print ISSN: 2780-8173, On line ISSN: 2743-4052 Linking ISSN (ISSN-L): 2743-4052 EAN: 99782749700519, DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.34028.48007, https://www.ceeol.com/search/journal-detail?id=1955 Turkey between NATO and Kremlin. The impact of Russian-Turkish cooperation on the relationship between Ankara and NATO <strong>Author(s): </strong>Aurel Lazăr<strong>Subject(s): </strong>Geopolitics<strong>Published by: </strong>Publishing Inc. European Readings & Prodifmultimedia/Editura Napoca Star<strong>Keywords: </strong>NATO; Ru

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24

Gokcen, M. I. "TurkStream and energy security relations between Turkey and Russia in 2020–2024." LOCUS: people, society, culture, meaning 1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.31862/2500-2988-2025-16-1-108-119.

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