Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tutor'

Tutor home es un aplicativo móvil que responde a las necesidades del mercado especifico de tutores (docentes) y padres de familia preocupados por la educación de sus hijos, quienes son los usuarios finales de nuestra plataforma. Este modelo de negocio viene escalando en el mercado mundial, dada la demanda por tutorías y el uso de las nuevas tecnologías a través de los celulares inteligentes. Por otro lado, la plataforma Tutor Home, permite a los usuarios tutores registrarse On Line y a los usuarios estudiantes o padres de familia, hacer su requerimiento en Línea mediante un desktop o Smartphone de un tutor calificado en una materia específica para realizar la enseñanza o reforzamiento dentro del hogar del usuario por una cantidad de horas mensuales, del mismo modo, la forma de pago por el servicio prestado, es vía pasarela de pagos de distintos proveedores. Nuestra inversión inicial como accionistas asciende a S/ 42168.70, y requerimos un financiamiento de S/ 28112.47, los cuales son cedidos por un préstamo a cinco años que nos permite tener un retorno de la inversión en el segundo año. Así mismo, el flujo de caja proyectado nos permite obtener un VPN FCLD de S/ 333.231 y un VPN FCNI de S/ 283362 en los cinco primeros años de operaciones en el mercado peruano Para sostener el modelo de negocio nos basamos en servicios especializados de diseño, geolocalización y marketing digital que nos permitirán obtener los indicadores básicos para elaborar nuestras estrategias de diferenciación y posicionamiento.
Tutor home is a mobile application that responds to the needs of the specific market of tutors (teachers) and parents concerned about the education of their children, who are the final users of our platform. This business model has been climbing in the world market, given the demand for tutoring and the use of new technologies through smartphones. On the other hand, the Tutor Home platform allows users to register on-line and to student users or parents, to make their request online through a desktop or Smartphone of a qualified tutor in a specific subject to carry out teaching or reinforcement within the user's home for a number of monthly hours, in the same way, the form of payment for the service provided is via the payment gateway of different providers. Our initial investment as shareholder’s amounts to S/ 42168.70 and we require a financing of S / 28112.47, which are ceded by a 5-year loan that allows us to have a return on investment in the second year. Likewise, the projected cash flow allows us to obtain a FCLD VPN of S / 333,231 and a FCNI VPN of S / 283362 in the first five years of operations in the Peruvian market. To sustain the business model we rely on specialized design, geolocation and digital marketing services that will allow us to obtain the basic indicators to develop our differentiation and positioning strategies.
Tutor home is a mobile application that responds to the needs of the specific market of tutors (teachers) and parents concerned about the education of their children, who are the final users of our platform. This business model has been climbing in the world market, given the demand for tutoring and the use of new technologies through smartphones. On the other hand, the Tutor Home platform allows users to register on-line and to student users or parents, to make their request online through a desktop or Smartphone of a qualified tutor in a specific subject to carry out teaching or reinforcement within the user's home for a number of monthly hours, in the same way, the form of payment for the service provided is via the payment gateway of different providers. Our initial investment as shareholder’s amounts to S/ 42168.70 and we require a financing of S / 28112.47, which are ceded by a 5-year loan that allows us to have a return on investment in the second year. Likewise, the projected cash flow allows us to obtain a FCLD VPN of S / 333,231 and a FCNI VPN of S / 283362 in the first five years of operations in the Peruvian market. To sustain the business model we rely on specialized design, geolocation and digital marketing services that will allow us to obtain the basic indicators to develop our differentiation and positioning strategies.
Trabajo de investigación

The purpose of the document is to specify step-by-step directions through the development lifecycle of E-tutor. The document contains all the fundamental requirements to build the system in order to begin the implementation process. Furthermore, the document includes an analysis of alternative solutions, system architecture and the applying of lean thinking into the development. Prototypes and final document will be built according to this document. Any changes will be documented as subsequent versions of the document.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Científica e Tecnológica, Florianópolis, 2011
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Este trabalho consiste em uma investigação sobre a atuação do tutor em um curso de licenciatura na modalidade a distância. O referencial teórico ancora-se na discussão sobre a educação a distância, tendo como pressuposto a mídia-educação. Analisa os principais marcos legais para a educação a distância no Brasil. Para fundamentar nossa compreensão sobre o papel do tutor, dialogamos com alguns referenciais teóricos sobre a docência e suas relações com a tecnologia. O estudo de caso e a análise textual discursiva formam a base da metodologia utilizada ao longo do estudo. A pesquisa empírica procurou compreender como os tutores do Curso de Licenciatura em Física da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina percebem o seu trabalho e como o trabalho deles é percebido pelos professores. Para a análise dos documentos oficiais e das entrevistas semiestruturadas foram elaboradas, a partir do referencial teórico, quatro categorias que representam diferentes formas de atuação do tutor: Professor Coletivo, Professor do Fragmento, Professor de Script de Autoria Alheia e Professor Administrativo. Os resultados apontam para a atuação do tutor como educador, exercendo uma docência com especificidades diferentes daquelas exercidas pela docência presencial. A partir do curso analisado, infere-se que os tutores polo tendem a se afastar do papel docente e se aproximar do de auxiliar administrativo. Já os tutores a distância possuem práticas que os aproximam da docência, além de perceberem seu caráter coletivo. A transformação do conceito Professor Coletivo para a prática de atuação dos tutores mostra-se parcialmente tangível e sinaliza para a busca de um novo entendimento sobre a docência, que se caracteriza pelo espírito coletivo.
This work consists of an investigation about the role of the tutor in an undergraduate distance course. The theoretical framework is anchored in the discussion about distance education, with the assumption of media education. Also the research analyzes the main legal frameworks for distance education in Brazil. To support our understanding of the role of tutor we dialogue with some theoretical frameworks on teaching and their relationship with technology. The case study and the discursive textual analysis form the basis of the methodology used throughout the study. The empirical research sought to understand how the tutors of the Teacher Formation Course in Physics from the Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina perceive their work and how their work is noticed by professors. For the analysis of the official documents and the semi-structured interviews four categories were developed from the theoretical framework, which represent different ways of acting of the tutors: Collective Professor, Professor of the Fragment, Professor of Alien Authorship Script and Administrative Professor. The results point to the role of the tutor as an educator, performing a specific kind of teaching different from that exercised by classroom professors. From the current analysis, it appears that the pole tutors tend to move away from the teaching role and approach to the administrative assistant role. By the other hand, distance tutors have teaching practices, and realize their collective character. The transformation of the Collective Professor concept to practice activities of tutors was partially tangible and signals to the search for a new understanding of teaching, which is characterized by the collective spirit.

La Tesis Doctoral que s’ha realitzat aporta nous elements en la construcció de l’orientació al sistema escolar i en la consolidació i definició competencial dels tutors dels centres de secundària. Els canvis socials comporten una nova realitat a les aules i unes noves necessitats de l’alumnat. Saber què s’ha de fer, com s’ha de fer quan s’ha de fer, per a què s’ha de fer, són qüestions fonamentals per desenvolupar un treball tutorial de qualitat. La construcció de la identitat professional i competencial dels docents en l’àmbit tutorial per donar resposta a aquestes necessitats és fa del tot necessari. La identitat docent s’inicia en la formació inicial del docent i es dona al llarg de tota la vida professional. Aquesta identitat no sorgeix automàticament com a resultat d’un títol professional, ans el contrari, cal construir-la. Una construcció de la identitat professional i competencial que ve donada per una necessitat de donar respostes a situacions que sempre són diferents, a prendre decisions de les quals ningú els ha ensenyat la resposta, a plantejar-se uns valors que condicionaran la resolució dels diferents conflictes; en definitiva, a saber ser autònom i eficaç en el treball tutorial. L’ICE de la UB porta a terme el curs de postgrau “La tutoria i la seva pràctica” per donar resposta a la necessitat formativa del tutor o tutora esmentada anteriorment. El seu inici va ser el curs 2005/06. Aquesta formació és de caire professionalitzador i té per finalitat aprofundir en la construcció professional dels docents com a tutors o tutores de centres educatius en secundària. La construcció professional dels tutors precisa d’una formació estructurada i personalitzada que aporti el canvi d’actituds, l’adquisició de coneixements i el desenvolupament de les habilitats que calguin per ser competent en aquells aspectes necessaris per ser un bon tutor o tutora en el segle XXI. La recerca que es presenta té una doble finalitat, en un primer moment aporta la construcció d’una categorització competencial del tutor o tutora, i en un segon moment avaluar, des dels seus inicis, la proposta formativa, el procés formatiu i els resultats que s’han desprenen en el camp professional. En definitiva, s’ha volgut saber si els tutors i tutores que han realitzat la formació tenen adquirides les competències necessàries per donar resposta a les necessitats professionals com a tutor o tutora del segle XXI. La recerca parteix definint un marc conceptual amb les implicacions socials, educatives i d’orientació en la construcció del marc competencial tutorial. La metodologia emprada ha estat diversa. En la construcció del marc competencial s’ha utilitzat el mètode Delphi amb doble comissió d’experts. Per portar a terme la recerca avaluativa del programa formatiu s’ha utilitzat el model CIPP de Stufflebeam com a model d’avaluació sistèmica, i en concret l’avaluació de producte, s’ha basat en el model d’avaluació de resultats de Kirkpatrick. Els resultats obtinguts han estat molt nombrosos i significatius. La categorització competencial ha estat validada per la comunitat professional i científica. Ha quedat de manifest la importància de certes competències per sobre d’altres, però en definitiva, totes són necessàries per portar a terme la tasca tutorial. S’han recollit un nombre significatiu d’indicadors de resultats d’aprenentatge de cadascuna de les competències. Les dades recollides en la recerca avaluativa del programa formatiu han estat molt amplies i significatives. Destacar que la recerca aporta dades significatives de l’aprenentatge competencial que ha realitzat el professorat de secundària al realitzat el procés formatiu. La formació rebuda pel professorat compensa les diferencies significatives que es donen a la població control en referència a les diferents variables que s’han seguit: gènere, edat, experiència docent, experiència tutorial, etapa educativa, titularitat del centre educatiu, titulació del professorat, àmbit docent i formació permanent. La recerca presenta un capítol de propostes de millora i prospectives.
This Doctoral Thesis brings new elements in the construction of the school system orientation and the definition and consolidation of the tutors’ competencies in the secondary education centres. The professional construction of teachers in the tutorship field starts with the teacher’s initial training and it goes all throughout their professional life. The ICE of the UB conducts a graduates’ course named “The tutorship and its practice” to give an answer to the tutors’ need of their ongoing training. It is a course of a professional nature and it aims to go further in helping teachers improve as tutors of secondary education schools. This investigation has a dual purpose: in the first place to categorize the competences a tutor should have and secondly to evaluate the training programme, the training process and the results obtained in the professional field. It starts with the definition of the conceptual framework with the social, educational and of guidance implications in building the tutor’s competencies framework. The methodologies used have been diverse. The Delphi method with double jury of experts has been the one used in the building of the competencies framework. The Stufflebeam’s CIPP method has been used to carry out the evaluation-research of the training programme, as a systemic evaluation model; finally, to specifically evaluate the product, the Kirkpatrick’s results’ evaluation model has been employed. The results obtained have been very numerous and significant. The categorization of competencies has been validated by the scientific and professional community. An important number of indicators of the training results of each competency has been obtained. The data collected in the research of the educational programme have been very extensive, evaluative and meaningful. Note that the search brings significant data of the competence learning to perform the training process. The training received by teachers makes up for the significant differences that occur in the control group regarding the different variables followed: genre, age, teaching experience, tutorial experience, education, ownership of the educational centre, teachers’ qualifications, teaching field and permanent training. The research includes a chapter of suggestions for improvement and forward-looking proposals.

Electrical Engineering
M.S.E.E.
This thesis describes the design, implementation, and assessment of a web-based mobile tutoring application. The goal of this application, called Circuit Tutor, is to address the educational needs of students with the aid of intelligent tutoring systems that are available on mobile devices and are used outside of the traditional classroom environment. The growth of sophisticated intelligent tutoring applications and systems has helped gradually change the preconceived notion that intelligent tutoring systems cannot be relied upon in secondary education. More so, with the advent of mobile learning applications, learning can no longer be restricted to a specific location or time to acquire knowledge or a place and time to apply knowledge. While many intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) have been mostly developed as desktop applications, the equivalent of these applications have only lately begun to be implemented for mobile devices. The proposed design aims to employ the various spheres of mobile human-computer interaction and mobile learning in the structure and implementation of an ITS for contemporary mobile tablets (for example, the iPad®). Circuit Tutor will not substitute traditional instruction; however, it will provide undergraduate electrical engineering students with intelligent support when instructors are not available. This tutoring system will perform some actions traditionally done by a teacher or instructor - such as detecting errors, identifying concepts that the student is finding difficult to comprehend, as well as referring the student back to the appropriate learning material if the student does not show progress after a set of exercises. Most importantly, this thesis aims to serve as a foundation for future research that investigates the design of mobile intelligent tutoring systems as well as research in the techniques of effectively converting existing desktop tutoring applications to mobile applications.
Temple University--Theses

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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Esta tese é resultado de uma pesquisa desenvolvida junto aos atores de licenciaturas de universidades federais mineiras vinculadas ao sistema UAB, com o propósito de conhecer algumas dimensões do perfil, dos processos formativos e da prática pedagógica relacionados aos tutores da EaD. Como suporte histórico, este texto traz informações sobre a regulamentação e regulação da educação a distância no Brasil, desde a sua implementação na década de 1970, até os Decretos vigentes, bem como sobre a Secretaria responsável pela modalidade de educação no País. Autores como Bernadete Gatti, Maria Luiza Belloni, Daniel Mill e Adriana Rocha Bruno compõem o referencial teórico deste trabalho, uma vez que tratam das especificidades da EaD e, consequentemente, do papel inédito delegado aos seus atores, por conta das especificidades do processo educativo relacionado a essa modalidade de ensino. Eloiza da Silva Gomes de Oliveira e Lázaro Santos, assim como Edinéia Aparecida Blum, também trazem importantes contribuições a esta pesquisa, com a discussão sobre a importância da formação dos que atuam na educação a distância, devido ao surgimento de uma nova cultura educacional, na qual uma nova prática pedagógica passa a ser estruturada, não bastando a transposição da prática pedagógica do ensino presencial para o que o ocorre virtualmente. O presente trabalho se desenvolveu tendo por base o estudo bibliográfico, a análise documental e a pesquisa de campo realizada com tutores, coordenadores de curso, professores, coordenadores de tutoria e alunos. As respostas obtidas foram analisadas à luz do que o referencial teórico apresenta sobre outras pesquisas realizadas, bem como o que é definido pelos documentos oficiais sobre as dimensões da tutoria. Com relação ao perfil, identificamos um engessamento, uma vez que, para o recebimento da remuneração por seus serviços, os tutores precisam atender a alguns pré-requisitos exigidos oficialmente. Sobre a formação, os dados demonstraram que, apesar de os atores afirmarem receber uma que os capacita para a prática, ela não condiz com o que a demanda exige deles. Fazemos tal afirmação baseando-nos nos problemas elencados pela tutoria, que estão relacionados a uma prática solitária, sem o envolvimento dos professores, que acabam por delegar somente a esses atores o papel de atuação no dia a dia da disciplina, não compartilhando com eles a docência. Assim, ao contrário do que ocorre com relação ao perfil, na prática, não há o atendimento ao que preveem as diretrizes oficiais, que atribuem ao professor funções relacionadas à docência; e, ao tutor, o de ser um apoio daquele.
This thesis is the result of a research carried out with the undergraduate actors of Minas Gerais federal universities linked to the UAB system, with the purpose of studying the profile, the formative processes and the pedagogical practice related to tutors of EaD (Distance Education). This text provides information on the regulation of distance education in Brazil, since its implementation in the 1970s. Authors like Bernadete Gatti, Maria Luiza Belloni, Daniel Mill and Adriana Rocha Bruno compose the theoretical reference of this study, since they deal with the specificities of EaD and, consequently, of the unpublished role delegated to its actors, due to the specificities of the educational process related to this type of teaching. Eloiza da Silva Gomes de Oliveira and Lázaro Santos, as well as Edinéia Aparecida Blum, also bring important contributions to this research, with the discussion about the importance of the training of those who work in distance education due to the emergence of a new educational culture, in which a new pedagogical practice becomes structured, not simply transposing face-to-face teaching to virtual learning. The present work was developed based on bibliographic study, documentary analysis and field research carried out with tutors, course coordinators, teachers, mentoring coordinators and students. The answers obtained were analyzed under the light of theoretical reference present in other researches already carried out, as well as of what is defined by the official Brazilian documents related to tutoring. We identified an engagement of tutors, who must meet some officially required prerequisites since in order to receive remuneration for their services. The data obtained showed that, although the tutors claim to receive a training support that enables them to practice, it does not match what is really demanded of them. Those engaged in tutoring relatet to a solitary practice, without the involvement of the teachers, who only delegate the role of acting in the day to day of the discipline, not sharing the teaching with them. Therefore, different from what happens with respect to the profile, in practice, there is the attendance to what is provided by the official guidelines that assign the teachers with functions related to teaching, while the tutor is meant to be supporttive of their practice.

The study investigated the relationship between personal tutor and tutee, perceptions of support encounters and their lived experiences within an undergraduate preregistration nurse education programme. The personal tutoring system plays a vital role in sustaining nurse learners by being an anchor for their professional and personal development. The tutors monitor progress, support, intervene on the tutees' behalf and act as a confidante. The need for support is especially acute in university based nurse education when the tutees face challenges in clinical practice due to the vocational and professional nature of the course they are undertaking. Yet the meaning of the personal tutoring role is often confusing and serious misunderstandings may exist between tutors and tutees. The aim of this study is to search for the meamng of personal tutoring by illuminating their lived expenences and encounters. An 'Husserlian' phenomenological approach was taken. A purposive sample of 36 tutors and 44 tutees (9 tutors and 10 tutees were from a Northern university and 27 tutors and 34 tutees from a London university) took part in the study. Each of their experiences were recorded in a 30-45 minutes open-ended taped interview. The findings were analysed by Colaizzi's (1978); Van Manen's (1990) and Cortazzi's (1993) data analysis methods. The findings revealed a wide variation of encounters on the nature of support and practice. The tutees varied in their readiness to learn, define, discuss and negotiate support. Often they lacked the powers of effective communication skills or the ability to think about their role in the process of negotiating access and support. They then found themselves experiencing a 'sink or swim' phenomenon. They reported a 'parent and child relationship' and attributed problems to a shortfall in the quality of their tutors' interpersonal interactions. Tutees reported positive encounters when they got and felt supported by their tutors. The tutors' data showed that they had an overwhelming feeling of frustration when tutees lacked study skills and presented their personal problems. Some tutors indicated a high level of empathic understanding for their tutees and showed that they would often 'go an extra mile' to support their tutees. A few other tutors offered very little support or guidance. The essences that were found to be important in the tutor-tutee relationship were: mutual trust, engagement, respect and accepting responsibilities. The study illuminated the complexity and skill required to be a tutee and a tutor. Tutors individual support styles echoed with the tutees to varying degrees. A positive experience by tutees and tutors was perceived when each had a shared understanding of the support concept. Therefore, the study has highlighted the need for greater (and arguably formal) guidance to learners on the premises of learning and personal tutor support in the Higher Education context. Conversely, it suggests that benefit might accrue from skill training in personal tutor work for nurse teachers to enable them to better understand students learning needs and skill training for tutees to enable them to be more self-aware of their learning needs., thereby ensuring a more sophisticated support relationship between both tutor and tutee.

The Common Tutor Object Platform (CTOP) was designed as a lightweight component framework for creating and deploying applications relating to Intelligent Tutoring Systems. The CTOP supports a runtime for intelligent tutoring system content deployment, a content development environment, an extensive reporting tool, and other smaller applications. The CTOP was designed with future development in mind, allowing easy specification of new base objects and extension points for future development. It has been used as the foundation of the Assistments Project, a wide scale server based ITS deployment. This thesis documents the software engineering aspects of the project. The Assistments Project is capable of supporting a quarter of targeted students in Massachusetts, and optimistically scalable to the entire state and beyond.

Die SLUB Dresden hält für ihre Benutzer einen umfangreichen Bestand an Medien aller Art bereit, die durch verschiedene Recherchemittel erschlossen sind, um den Benutzern das gezielte Wiederauffinden zu ermöglichen. Mit Einführung des Lokalsystems LIBERO hat die SLUB die bisher getrennten OPACS (ehemalige Universitätsbibliothek und ehemalige Landesbibliothek) in einer Datenbank, dem WebOPAC, zusammengeführt. Der WebOPAC wird ergänzt durch zahlreiche weitere elektronische Kataloge, die in der vorliegenden Publikation ausführlich erläutert werden. Zumeist sind diese Rechercheinstrumente von jedem Arbeitsplatz aus zugänglich, der Zugriff ist nicht auf den Bibliotheks- bzw. Universitätsbereich beschränkt. Auf Ausnahmen weisen wir Sie entsprechend hin. Die vorgestellten Rechercheinstrumente tragen allesamt multidisziplinären Charakter. Sie sind für jedes Fachgebiet relevant und bieten umfangreiche Informationen. Spezielle Datenbanken und Portale für Fachinformationen werden in anderen „Tutoren“ ausführlich vorgestellt (z. B. Tutor für die Fächer „Anglistik“, „Kunst“, „Recht“) (http://www.tu-dresden.de/slub/tutor/tutor.htm) Kenntnisse zu WebOPAC, Zeitschriftenverzeichnissen und weiteren Katalogen können Sie auch direkt erwerben. Die SLUB bietet seit vielen Jahren regelmäßige Veranstaltungen zum Thema „Einführung in die Bibliotheksbenutzung“ und spezielle Weiterbildungen zu Katalogen und Datenbanken an. Das vorliegende Heft soll Ihnen helfen, die vermittelten Inhalte dieser Veranstaltungen nachzuvollziehen bzw. Sie befähigen, sich selbständig in dieses Thema einzuarbeiten.

Die SLUB Dresden hält für ihre Benutzer einen umfangreichen Bestand an Medien aller Art bereit, die durch verschiedene Recherchemittel erschlossen sind, um den Benutzern das gezielte Wiederauffinden zu ermöglichen. Mit Einführung des Lokalsystems LIBERO hat die SLUB die bisher getrennten OPACS (ehemalige Universitätsbibliothek und ehemalige Landesbibliothek) in einer Datenbank, dem WebOPAC, zusammengeführt. Der WebOPAC wird ergänzt durch zahlreiche weitere elektronische Kataloge, die in der vorliegenden Publikation ausführlich erläutert werden. Zumeist sind diese Rechercheinstrumente von jedem Arbeitsplatz aus zugänglich, der Zugriff ist nicht auf den Bibliotheks- bzw. Universitätsbereich beschränkt. Auf Ausnahmen weisen wir Sie entsprechend hin. Die vorgestellten Rechercheinstrumente tragen allesamt multidisziplinären Charakter. Sie sind für jedes Fachgebiet relevant und bieten umfangreiche Informationen. Spezielle Datenbanken und Portale für Fachinformationen werden in anderen „Tutoren“ ausführlich vorgestellt (z. B. Tutor für die Fächer „Anglistik“, „Kunst“, „Recht“) (http://www.tu-dresden.de/slub/tutor/tutor.htm) Kenntnisse zu WebOPAC, Zeitschriftenverzeichnissen und weiteren Katalogen können Sie auch direkt erwerben. Die SLUB bietet seit vielen Jahren regelmäßige Veranstaltungen zum Thema „Einführung in die Bibliotheksbenutzung“ und spezielle Weiterbildungen zu Katalogen und Datenbanken an. Das vorliegende Heft soll Ihnen helfen, die vermittelten Inhalte dieser Veranstaltungen nachzuvollziehen bzw. Sie befähigen, sich selbständig in dieses Thema einzuarbeiten.

Research on tutoring has shown that the student's interaction with the tutor determines the learning outcomes. In human tutoring, the responsibility of the interaction is shared between the tutor and the student. In the case of a computer coach such as the McGill Statistics Tutor, the control of the interaction is put entirely in the hands of the learners. Learners' ability to interact with the system productively therefore represents a critical aspect affecting the learning outcomes. This ability of help seeking (Nelson-LeGall, 1981) has not been well researched from a cognitive science point of view in the context of computer-supported learning (Aleven et al., 2003). The aims of the present work were to elaborate and test a cognitive model of help seeking and to examine the prevalence of help seeking in a problem-based computer-supported learning situation, as well as individual differences and the effect of the progression in a sequence of tasks with respect to help seeking.
Participants were 18 graduate students from a faculty of Education of a Canadian university. The seven-hour experiment involved working in pairs to solve a very challenging statistics problem for which students did not have sufficient background. A computer coach based on human tutoring, the McGill Statistics Tutor, was available to provide help with every aspect of the task.
Data consisted of two complementary sources. The main source was the dialogue between the participants as they worked on the statistics problem using the computer coach. The students' use of the computer coach and solutions to the tasks were also integrated into the database.
Data analysis consisted of statistical analyses using log-linear models. Conditional probability graphs were also constructed from the data.
The results were consistent with the help seeking model. Individual differences were found in terms of emphasis on certain help seeking activities. Effects of the progression in the sequence of tasks were also found. The quality of the solutions students elaborated corresponded to specific profiles of help seeking. The structure of help seeking episodes was established and corresponded to the model. These results have implications for the design of computer coaches and instructional situations.

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A Educação a Distância amplia o alcance da modalidade de ensino presencial, já que fornece aos indivíduos, independentemente do local onde moram ou tempo disponível, a oportunidade de iniciar ou complementar seus estudos. Em virtude da facilidade de acesso, disponibilidade e recursos de interação existentes, a Internet vem surgindo como mídia altamente promissora para a aplicação da EAD. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é projetar e implementar uma ferramenta que dê suporte à Educação a Distância via Internet, o Portfólio-Tutor, que atue não como substituto do professor, mas como instrumento de apoio, auxiliando-o no processo de transmissão de conhecimento e fornecendo mecanismos para que o mesmo possa acompanhar a aprendizagem dos alunos e a eficiência das estratégias didáticas aplicadas. Para a transmissão de conhecimento é modelado um tutor que, seguindo os princípios dos sistemas tutores inteligentes, proporciona um ensino adaptado ao nível de conhecimento do aluno e a sua capacidade cognitiva. No acompanhamento do processo de aprendizagem é empregado um portfólio eletrônico que, além de propiciar uma forma de avaliação autêntica, através da capacidade ativa e tratamento temporal implementados, provê o gerenciamento automático das atividades e fornece subsídios à tomada de decisão por parte do professor. Sendo assim, o Portfólio-Tutor em contraposição a possibilidade de massificação do ensino, às vezes sugerida por instituições em relação à Educação a Distância, proporciona um ambiente comprometido com o processo pedagógico, onde o professor assume o papel de orientador e incentivador, planejando e acompanhando, para assim promover a melhora contínua da estratégia didática a ser utilizada e conseqüentemente maior qualidade na aprendizagem, enquanto exige-se do aluno um comportamento mais ativo, autodidata e participativo, atribuindo-lhe responsabilidade sobre o decurso de sua aprendizagem.
Distance Education expands the scope of the inside classroom teaching model since anybody, independent of where he lives or how much available time he has, has the opportunity to initiate or complement his studies. Considering access facility, availability and interaction resources provided, the Internet arises as a promising midia for Distance Education. In this context, this work has as objective the design and implementation of a tool for the support an environment for Distance Education on the Internet – the Portfolio-Tutor, that works not as a teacher substitute, but as an aid instrument, supporting the teaching process and providing mechanisms (apparatus) that allows the teacher to keep up with students’ knowledge acquisition process and the efficiency of the applied didactic strategy. For a teaching process, it is designed a tutor based on Intelligent Tutoring Systems’ principles, that provides adapted learning in student’s knowledge level and his cognitive capacity. To keep up with students’ learning process an electronic portfolio is used, besides to propitiating an authentic evaluation, through active capacity and temporal treatment, it supplies automatic management of activities and provides necessary informations to the teacher to make decisions. In contraposition to the possibility of some education institutions be worry mostly about quantities of attended people when apply the Distance Education, the Portfolio-Tutor provides an environment engaged with the pedagogical process, where the teacher assumes the supervisor and inciter’s role, projecting and keeping up with the didactic strategy applied, to have as an objective to guarantee the learning process quality, while the students assume an active, self-educating and participant behaviour, assuming the responsibility about his learning.

Thesis (B.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1992.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 46).
by Michael K. McCandless.
B.S.

What makes an effective one-to-one tutor of literacy is unclear. Researchers (Anand Bennie, 2004; Chapman, Tunmer, Prochnow, 1999; Holland, 2004; Oliver, 2000) in New Zealand have investigated the effectiveness of one-to-one tutoring programmes; however there are very few studies on tutor effectiveness especially in the context of New Zealand education. The present New Zealand study explored the strategies that effective one-to-one tutors of literacy used as well as the observed and perceived characteristics distinctive to effective one-to-one literacy tutors. Three effective tutors were observed at the Hamilton Children's Reading Centre during their regular tutoring with two of their tutees over a period of four weeks. To determine the strategies used and the characteristics distinctive to the three tutors, tutoring sessions were audio-tape recorded, and observational notes were recorded. The time spent engaged in various teaching activities was recorded and tutors were required to comment on the successes and challenges of the session in a journal entry after each tutoring session. Individual and group interviews with the tutors were conducted to gain further insight into observational data and journal entries. Numerous strategies were identified during observations of the three effective tutors; the use of these strategies was further explored during individual and group interviews. The majority of each one-to-one tutoring session focused on the teaching of direct letter-sound relationships, listening to tutees read, and phonemic awareness activities. Open questions were asked more frequently than closed questions. Tutees were praised frequently. Scaffolding was observed regularly throughout tutoring sessions. The effective tutors used Questioning as their most frequent type of help and used Demonstrating least frequently. High levels of engaged teaching were maintained throughout tutoring sessions. A higher percentage of words were spoken by the effective tutors than the tutees. Written planning did not appear to play a role in the effectiveness of the tutor. Role reversal was a strategy used frequently by one of the effective tutors. Effective tutors used a variety of ways to motivate tutees to read, complete homework, and remain on task. Many characteristics of effective tutors were revealed during observations and journal entries. The perceived characteristics of effective tutors were explored during interviews with the three tutors. The ability to establish positive, caring relationships appeared to play a major role in the tutees' learning and confidence. The tutors believed being responsive to tutees' emotional needs was the most important characteristic of an effective tutor. The tutors ensured that the sessions were positive and laughter was frequently observed. Good communication was maintained with parents and tutees. The effective tutors were flexible during tutoring sessions, yet consistent with routines. The three effective tutors were knowledgeable and experienced in working with children experiencing reading difficulties. They believed effective tutors are aware of their tutees' areas of greatest need, understand their tutee, and maximise all teaching opportunities.

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Foi analisado neste trabalho o processo de avaliação da tutoria a distância, em um curso de pós-graduação, com reflexões sobre mudanças de condutas ocorridas. Trata-se de um estudo de caso referente ao curso de pós-graduação em Informática na Educação do CEAD/Ifes. Um processo de avaliação foi construído neste contexto, podendo ser adaptado a outras realidades. Nosso foco foi o tutor a distância, importante ator no processo de aprendizagem dos alunos. Pesquisas bibliográficas e documentais e a participação dos alunos e da equipe do curso contribuíram para gerar quatro versões do processo avaliativo. Foram analisados os instrumentos criados, que permitiram a avaliação dos tutores a distância por vários olhares (alunos, professores, tutores presenciais e autoavaliação), além de outros métodos de acompanhamento: por meio de recursos virtuais (especialmente pelo ambiente de aprendizagem Moodle) e reuniões presenciais (individuais, de disciplina e encontros de equipe). O processo avaliativo visava auxiliar os tutores a distância a compreenderem melhor sua função no curso e identificar falhas em sua atuação, buscando melhorias e favorecendo, assim, a tomadas de consciência e a constituição de um tutor reflexivo. Buscamos analisar, de forma quantitativa e qualitativa, o desempenho dos tutores a distância nas disciplinas do curso, o impacto do processo avaliativo em sua atuação, as dificuldades e problemas encontrados durante o seu percurso, mudanças de conduta observadas, resistências e avanços. Fizemos uso de análise do conteúdo, triangulações e de método estatístico. Entrevistas também foram realizadas com um grupo de tutores selecionado. Tanto para construção do processo avaliativo, como para realização das análises, recorremos aos teóricos nos quais nos baseamos, especialmente: Piaget (tomada de consciência), Vygotsky (mediação na ZDP), Freire (diálogo e afetividade), Moore (distância transacional), Reis (avaliação 360 graus), Alarcão (escola reflexiva), Belloni (avaliação educacional) e Lück (gestão participativa). Chegamos a resultados satisfatórios que apontam que houve contribuições do processo avaliativo na melhoria do desempenho dos tutores a distância do curso e abrem novas perspectivas de estudo.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This study is the result of the investigation carried out during my Master's course in Education at Universidade Católica de Santos ¿ UNISANTOS, on Teacher Training and Professionalization line of research. The research aimed to investigate the professionalization of tutors on Distance Learning courses (EaD), in order to have a glimpse of the perception this professional might have about his professionalization and understand, within the context in which these professionals are inserted, the difficulties they face when working as tutors on Undergraduate Distance Learning courses. The research adopted a qualitative approach, was conducted with tutors who work in undergraduate courses in a higher education institution in Santos/SP, and had as theoretical basis studies of Gonzalez (2005), Moraes (1997), Tardiff & Lessard (2011), Valente (2002), Belloni (2009), Santos (1991), Garcia (1999), among others, who dealt with issues concerning distance learning, teaching work and the latest educational paradigms. The empirical research used initially, as a methodological tool for data collection, 39 questionnaires, which were answered by tutors of undergraduate courses. On the second phase, a focus group was created, with participation of three tutors. The investigated issues were related to the area in which the tutors operate: continuing education, working conditions, relationship with peer teachers, mentoring experiences and difficulties found within this work environment. The data from this survey revealed conflicts regarding tutor role and his identity, as well as difficulties to understand what the mentoring job entails, and the lack of knowledge about cyber education settings, involving professionalism based on actions and changes, for which there are scarce opportunities for reflection. Results also pointed to controversies, among which, lack of structure for the mentoring work, including number of students per tutor and the small number of continuing education courses. Aspects on the devaluation of this professional suggest further investigation, once there is a remarkable growth on the field of distance learning, and teachers need to be prepared to perform their role as teacher trainers.
Universidade Católica de Santos (UNISANTOS), na linha de pesquisa Formação e Profissionalização Docente. A pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar a profissionalização do tutor na EaD, com vistas a conhecer a percepção desse profissional sobre a sua profissionalização e compreender o contexto no qual está inserido e as dificuldades que os professores enfrentaram na tutoria dos cursos de graduação a distância. A pesquisa, de abordagem qualitativa, foi realizada com tutores que atuam em cursos de Graduação em uma instituição de ensino superior de Santos-SP, e teve como base teórica os estudos de Gonzalez (2005), Moraes (1997), Tardiff e Lessard (2011), Valente (2002), Belloni (2009), Santos (1991), Garcia (1999) entre outros autores, que trataram de temas ligados à educação a distância e ao trabalho docente. A pesquisa empírica utilizou inicialmente, como instrumento metodológico de coleta de dados, 39 questionários, que foram respondidos por tutores de cursos de Graduação. No segundo momento, foi realizado um grupo focal, que contou com a participação de três tutores. As questões investigadas versaram sobre assuntos relacionados à área em que atuam: formação continuada, condições de trabalho, relações com os professores envolvidos, experiências de tutoria e dificuldades encontradas neste contexto de trabalho. Os dados da pesquisa revelaram alguns conflitos existentes em relação à identidade e o papel do tutor, como também dificuldades de compreensão sobre a tutoria, além da falta de conhecimento sobre o cenário educacional virtual, que envolve profissionalização embasada em ações e mudanças, para as quais existem poucas oportunidades de reflexão. A pesquisa apontou também controvérsias, entre elas, a falta de condições para o trabalho da tutoria, incluindo o número de alunos sob a responsabilidade dos tutores e as poucas ofertas de cursos de formação continuada. Além disso, foram sinalizados aspectos quanto à desvalorização desse profissional, o que demanda novos estudos, já que há um crescimento notável da modalidade de ensino a distância e os professores precisam estar preparados para exercer seu papel de formadores de professores.

This study examines the perceived intellectual and dispositional takeaways for high school alumni who had been peer tutors in their secondary context. The research question which drove this study was, “What abilities, values, and skills do tutors develop from their experience as peer tutors and how, if at all, have they used those abilities, values, and skills in their lives beyond high school?” The findings come from the completed surveys of 63 high school tutor alumni who all tutored at a large, public suburban high school with a diverse population, and who represent a cross-section of the school’s population. The survey was adapted from one made available by the Peer Writing Tutor Alumni Research Project (PWTARP), a national project which seeks to better understand the developmental process of students who engage in the work of peer tutoring during their undergraduate university experience. I collected this data between 2010 and 2013 in my role as the program coordinator and although I knew these tutors very well, their responses were anonymous. Participants named 25 skills, abilities, and values they developed. Participants also indicated, through the survey’s four Likert-scale questions, that they found their tutor experiences were important or influential to their development after high school. This study used the grounded theory method of initial and focused coding for analysis of the data generated by the survey’s open-ended responses. These responses generated 180 pages of text. During the analysis 132 initial codes were applied to 2,231 excerpts from the survey responses. The 132 initial codes were grouped into 34 focused codes. These focused codes were further consolidated into 11 categories that describe the learned skills, innate abilities, and developed values of respondents. These analytic categories are descriptive in nature and constitute the major findings of this study. These categories include writing, reading, collaboration, adaptability, patience, perseverance, confidence, maturity, leadership, bravery, and joie de vivre.

Esta tese situa-se na área de IA (Inteligência Artificial) aplicada à educação incluindo características interdisciplinares tanto da própria IA como de IE (informática na Educação). Faz-se também necessário constarem, aspectos referentes à Ciência da Computação e Educação a fim de melhor situar a complexidade e a dimensão do trabalho desenvolvido. A utilização de técnicas de IA na elaboração e no desenvolvimento de ambientes de ensino-aprendizagem computadorizados tem se constituído em objeto de investigação por parte dos pesquisadores da área de Informática aplicada à Educação, devido as suas potencialidades. A utilização de agentes na modelagem e no projeto de STI permite-nos resgatar antigos problemas em aberto, como por exemplo a melhoria da interação entre tutor e aluno e a possibilidade de investigação dos processos mentais em nível mais estratificado. A arquitetura descrita nesta tese utiliza a metodologia que vem sendo aplicada ao projeto de STI, onde são contempladas diferentes formas de se trabalhar com um determinado conhecimento (estratégias de ensino e táticas associadas), levando-se em consideração o tipo de usuário que está interagindo com o sistema. A arquitetura, elaborada segundo uma abordagem construtivista, prevê que o tutor seja menos diretivo e menos controlador das ações do aluno. O controle é feito na forma de monitoração para que o tutor funcione como um parceiro, ou seja, como facilitador do trabalho do aluno. Contudo, devido às características da modalidade escolhida para construção do protótipo (jogo educacional), precisamos ter algumas atitudes no tutor que garantam que o sistema não entre em colapso. O que inviabilizaria o trabalho do aluno. Nestas situações críticas, o tutor vai se comportar de maneira mais diretiva. Cabe salientar que a abordagem construtivista não significa dar liberdade total ao aluno nem privá-lo de qualquer tipo de assistência. Portanto, o que deve ser destacado é o grau de interferência do tutor, i.e., o quanto ele interfere no trabalho do aluno e se ele permite ou não que o aluno siga um caminho alternativo àquele que ele tem como o ideal para resolver o problema (heurísticas do tutor sobre o problema e forma de solução). Além destes aspectos educacionais inerentes a todo o projeto de software educacional (necessários num trabalho desta natureza), esta tese está inserida no contexto da pesquisa em agentes cognitivos modelados através de seus estados mentais. É importante salientar que os estados mentais utilizados neste trabalho (crenças, desejos, intenções e expectativas) funcionam como uma metáfora dos estudos mentais humanos. Por exemplo, quando se coloca a crença de um aluno a respeito de "lago", na realidade está se colocando a crença que temos a respeito da crença que o aluno possui a respeito de "lago". O mesmo acontece com os outros estados mentais aqui utilizados. Os diálogos reais foram registrados através de observação direta e posteriormente analisados a fim de se identificar os estados mentais relacionados. Perguntas adicionais foram feitas no sentido de obterem-se mais elementos para auxiliar na inferência do conjunto de estados mentais que o aluno possui naquele momento em que estava jogando. Após a observação de vários alunos jogando, identificou-se um certo padrão nas suas atitudes quando executavam uma ação. Observações sucessivas permitiram delinear o conjunto de estados mentais associados à ação do aluno. Tal conjunto foi utilizado como base para elaboração da coreografia. Estes dados servem de entrada para a construção do modelo do aluno mediante a interação com o tutor. No presente trabalho, nós apresentamos a modelagem de um STI através do uso da tecnologia de agentes utilizando a arquitetura de SMA (Sistemas Multiagentes). O STI é concebido como um SMA híbrido composto por um ambiente reativo (SMAR - Sistema Multiagente Reativo) e um "kernel" cognitivo (SMAC - Sistema Multiagente Cognitivo). O SMAR e o SMAC interagem entre si de para ampliar as informações quantitativas e qualitativas oferecidas aos alunos que utilizam o sistema. Estas informações disponíveis é que irão permitir ao tutor selecionar estratégias de ensino mais adequadas a um determinado tipo de aluno. A principal contribuição desta tese está centrada no "kernel" cognitivo. Nós propomos uma arquitetura para o tutor que permitirá a monitoração de dois alunos trabalhando conjuntamente. Além disso, propomos uma forma de selecionar o comportamento do tutor para oferecer auxílio personalizado aos alunos considerando o perfil de cada um. Esta arquitetura pretende ser uma alternativa de solução para uma questão importante na área de STI: Como o tutor pode selecionar, entre várias estratégias de ensino, a mais adequada para cada perfil de aluno? O grupo de pesquisa no qual este trabalho está inserido (GIA/UFRGS, sob orientação da Prof.a. Rosa Maria Viccari) tem realizado algumas avaliações experimentais, usando STI tradicionais e STI projetados e modelados através de sistemas multiagentes As contribuições científicas listadas no texto deste trabalho possibilitaram que o grupo avançasse sua pesquisa na abordagem mentalística através da criação de uma arquitetura para o tutor e favorecesse a integração do trabalho desenvolvido por Móra et al. [MOR97; MOR98]. A utilização do modelo computacional de agentes criado por Móra et al. gerou a implementação do "kernel" cognitivo. Os desafios inerentes a implementação da arquitetura proposta para o tutor ampliaram as características do ambiente criado por Móra et al. e favorecem a junção de dois trabalhos de tese supervisionados pela mesma orientadora [MOR99]. Portanto, a nova arquitetura proporcionou ganhos tanto para tais pesquisas, como para o avanço das pesquisas desenvolvidas pelo nosso grupo.
The present thesis has been elaborated within the AI (Artificial Intelligence) applied to Education realm, and it brings specific contributions to the STI (Intelligent Tutoring System) area. The use of AI techniques has been investigated by researchers of Computer Science applied to Education, due to its potentialities to improve educational systems. The agents' techniques used in the design of STI allow us to solve old problems opened in the area. For instance, the improvement of the interaction between tutor and student, and the possibility of tracing the mental processes in a more stratified way. The architecture described in this thesis uses the methodology applied to the modern STI projects: multiple strategies for the tutor (i.e., teaching strategies and associated tactics). This approach considers different forms of working with a certain piece of knowledge, and is taken into consideration to create the user profile, as well as to monitor the student interaction with the system. The architecture, designed according to a constructivist approach, expects the tutor to be less directive, and less controller of the student's actions. The control is made by an observation of students' actions by the tutor. The tutor works either as a student's partner or as a facilitator. However, due to the characteristics of the modality chosen for construction of the prototype (educational game), we needed to take some attitudes in the tutor in order to avoid the system to collapse. What would make unfeasible the student's work. In these critical situations, the tutor will behave in more directive way. It fits to point out that the construtivist approach does not mean to give total freedom to the student or to deprive it of any kind of attendance. Therefore, what should be note here is the degree of the tutor's interference, i.e., how it interferes with the student's work using its own set of heuristics. Besides these educational aspects, inherent to a project of Educational software, this thesis is inserted in the context of the research in cognitive agents modelled through their mental states (Believe, Desire, Intention, and Expectation). It is important to point out that the mental states used in this work are as a metaphor of the human mental states. For example, when the student's has a believe regarding "lake", in fact we area talking about belief that we have regarding the belief that the student possesses regarding about "lake". The same happens here with the other mental states used. The real dialogues were registered through direct observation in real situation (students playing with the game). They were analysed in order to identify the mental states connected with the student's actions. Additional questions were asked to obtain more elements to aid us to inference the group of mental states possessed by the student when he/she was playing. Successive observations allowed us to delineate the group of mental states associated to the student's action. Such group was used as a base for the choreography. These data were used as input for the construction to the student's model during the interaction with the tutor. In this work, we have presented the design of an STI with the use of architecture of MAS (Multi-agent System Architecture). The ITS is conceived as a hybrid MAS composed by a RMAS (Reactive Multi-agent System) and a "cognitive kernel" using the CMAS (Cognitive Multi-agent System). The RMAS and the CMAS interact with each other to enlarge the quantitative and qualitative information offered to the students that uses the system. These available information allow the tutor to select teaching strategies more adapted to a certain student type. The main contribution of this thesis is centred in the "cognitive kernel". We propose an architecture for the tutor that will allow the two students to work together. Besides, we propose a way to select the tutor behaviour in order to aid the students considering their personal profile. This architecture intends to be an alternative solution for an important question in ITS research: How can the tutor select, among several teaching strategies, the one that is more suitable for each student profile? The research group in which this work is placed (GIA/UFRGS - Artificial Intelligence Group), under the supervision of Profa. Rosa Maria Viccari, has been doing executing some experimental evaluations, using traditional ITS and ITS modelled through multi-agents systems techniques. The scientific contributions listed in this work allow the group to achive some interesting results in the research of STI using a mental approach. The tutor architecture favoured the integration of the X-BDI (eXecutable Belief Desire, and Intention model)) developed by Móra et al. The use the X-BDI allowed us to implement the "cognitive kernel". The inherent challenges posed by the implementation of the architecture of the tutor refined the XBDI environment. It favours the junction of two thesis works supervised done under the same supervisor[MOR99]. Therefore, the new architecture provided many gains for both researches, as well as for the progress of the research developed by our group.

Computer systems for the interpretation of diagnostic ECGs are widely used, but currently provide no explanatory or teaching functions of value to the less experienced practitioner. The relevant literature is reviewed, and specifications are provided for an ECG analysis system which will function as a learning aid for undergraduate and postgraduate medical students. Key aspects of the specifications are implemented on an IBM-PC. Recommendations for further development are provided.

The procedural problem of this action research study was to develop a parent tutor program to teach parents how to work more effectively with the homework process. The review of literature examined (a) parent involvement, (b) parent education, (c) homework, and (d) curriculum development. A formative evaluation methodology involved four phases: (a) development, (b) implementation, (c) assessment, and (d) revision. The researcher used two curriculum software packages, Peaks CourseBuilding Software and PEAKSolutions LessonBuilding Software™. developed by PEAKSolutions and Vogler in 1989, to prepare a curriculum resource guide containing leader (counselor) guidelines, syllabus, and nine lesson plans. A foundation was provided by a selfhelp book on minimizing the homework hassle entitled Parents as Tutors, written by Vogler and Hutchins in 1988. Six elementary counselors formed an advisory panel to provide formative evaluation/validation of the program during the development and revision phases. The subjects were groups of parents who volunteered to participate in parent tutor groups at three elementary schools in southwest Virginia. Four instruments were designed and used in the formative evaluation process. One was a questionnaire completed by the advisory panel. The others were completed by the participants at the beginning, during, and at the end of the parent education groups. All parents who completed the parent tutor program indicated they experienced positive involvement in the homework process for themselves as well as benefits for their children. Conclusions related to parent participant goals for and problems with the homework process, reasons for parent group attrition, leader role and parent group strategies, and the importance of evaluative data. Recommendations were provided for parent tutor groups and future research. A counselor oriented parent tutor curriculum resource guide including a syllabus and nine comprehensive lesson plans with fieldtested revisions are included in the dissertation.
Ed. D.

The goal of this online tutoring course project is to institutionalize an online tutoring training course. This instructionally designed model will target College of the Desert students serving as tutors. The students taking this course will generally be freshmen and sophomore students. A questionnaire was used to determine what the needs would be in order to build the online course.

This research work aims to understand if a group of students of the third year of a Middle School would agree to introduce a tutor in their Institute and which characteristics he/she requires. The main research problem is the fact that several authors have claimed that a tutor would be useful for the learning process and for the relational aspect, but in Italy this figure is not widely used. Indeed, tutors are present for short periods of time and they are not present in every scholastic Institute. This statement is demonstrated by the fact that a great percentage of the surveyed students have asserted that they do not know this figure or they have just heard about tutor. Adolescents that have had an experience of tutoring would agree to introduce a tutor in their scholastic Institute. The question that regards the professional qualification of an ideal tutor has received different answers but the majority of the participants have asserted that they would prefer a university student instead of another teacher or a student of the High School. Analyzing the answers, it is possible to understand that they consider professional skills more important than relational skills. In addition, most of them have affirmed that tutoring activity would be more useful to the students than the teachers. This survey could be the starting point to do further research using students of different ages in different regions, considering the opinion of the teachers to understand if they share the point of view of the students.

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This research investigated the learning faculty of experienced teachers who act as "guardians-rulers" in a "supervised" program developed by the Faculty of Education in UFSCar, in the distance, considering the perspectives of these professionals. Specifically, we would like to to understand the changes in the knowledge base for teaching teachers of educational supervisors to act as placement of student teachers, tutors-regents from their participation program. The literature that supports the study is based on studies of Mizukami (2002, 2004, 2006) and Shulman (1986, 1987, 2005) (knowledge base), Garcia (1999, 2002), Vaillant (2003, 2004), Reali (1995, 2009) (teacher trainer), Pepper and Lima (2002, 2006, 2008) (supervised) and the Distance education as a tool for training of trainers based on Rinaldi (2009), Reali (2009) among others who understand the teacher education as a field to be explored and improved constantly. Through a qualitative study a descriptive-analytical revealed the importance of specific training of teachers to act as supervisors stages of future teachers, or "teacher trainers", and the urgency to score elements that make up the base knowledge for teaching trainer.
Esta pesquisa investigou as aprendizagens docentes de professores experientes que atuam como tutores-regentes no programa de estágio supervisionado desenvolvido pelo curso de Pedagogia da UFSCar, na modalidade a distância, considerando a perspectiva desses profissionais. Especificamente, procurou-se compreender as modificações na base de conhecimento para o ensino dos professores das redes de ensino ao atuarem como supervisores de estágios de futuros professores, os tutores-regentes, a partir de sua participação programa. A literatura que dá sustentação ao estudo é baseada em estudos de Mizukami (2002, 2004, 2006) e Shulman (1986, 1987, 2005) (base do conhecimento), Garcia (1999, 2002), Vaillant (2003, 2004), Reali (1995, 2009) (formador de professores) Pimenta e Lima (2002, 2006,2008) (estágio supervisionado) e sobre a educação a Distância como ferramenta de formação de professores, baseada em Rinaldi (2009), Reali (2009) dentre outros que entendem a formação de professores como um campo a ser explorado e melhorado incessantemente. Por meio de um estudo qualitativo de natureza descritivo-analítico, evidenciou-se a importância da formação específica dos professores para atuar como supervisores de estágios de futuros professores, ou seja, formadores de professores , e a urgência em se pontuar elementos que compõem a base de conhecimento para o ensino do formador.

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Visual aircraft recognition (VACR) is a critical skill for U.S. Army Short Range Air Defense (SHORAD) soldiers. It is the most reliable means of identifying aircraft, however VACR skills are not easy to teach or learn, and once learned they are highly degradable. The numerous training aids that exist to help units train soldiers require qualified instructors who are not always available. Also, the varying degrees of proficiency among soldiers make group training less than ideal. In an attempt to alleviate the problems in most VASC training programs, an intelligent tutor system has been developed to teach VACR in accordance with the Wings, Engine, Fuselage, Tail (WEFT) cognitive model. The Aircraft Recognition Tutor is a graphics based, object oriented instructional program that teaches, reviews and tests VACR skills at a level appropriate to the student. The tutor adaptively coaches the student from the novice level, through the intermediate level, to the expert level. The tutor was provided to two U.S. Army Air Defense Battalions for testing and evaluation. The six month implementation, testing, and evaluation process demonstrated that, using existing technology in Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, useful training tools could be developed quickly and inexpensively for deployment on existing computers in field.

This thesis provides an in-depth exploration of the student-personal tutor relationship from the perspective of first year students in a case study university. Few studies have looked at student perceptions of the personal tutor (PT) relationship and none using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) and Psychological Contract (PC) theory. A series of studies were designed using focus sessions (Study 1 and 2), and interviews (Study 3 and 4), in which experiences and expectations of personal tutoring, particularly focusing on the student- PT relationship, were gathered and explored. Data from the two focus sessions was analysed using (IPA) and the findings compared in terms of any differences in expectations and experiences of personal tutors. The findings were used to inform the interviews which were designed to elicit a more in-depth and idiographic exploration of student expectations and experiences. Interview data was also analysed using IPA and the findings then subjected to another form of analysis using Psychological Contract (PC) theory as a framework for exploring the nature of the relationship and its consequences further. The aim was to ascertain the utility of PC theory to provide further insights into student expectations of the role and the consequences of a breach of PC between student and personal tutor. A number of factors are found to impact the relationship and include clear role expectations and consistency in provision from a PT who cares and with this the relationship (and student), will flourish and students will experience less uncertainty and stress associated with the role and in general. The research indicates that meetings which include combined relational and transactional elements are valued by the student and over time this contributes to trust developing and the perception of quality of the relationship and the degree. Students receive mixed messages relating to student support and are simultaneously constructed as both demanding consumers and as weak and needy and this contributes further to confusion and conflict over expectations of independence. The quality of the relationship influences stress associated with deciding to ask for a meeting and negative responses to a breach in the PC between student and their PT. The findings support a well-structured and integrated PT system which allows for individualised support within a developmental framework. The research is novel in using IPA to explore the student-PT relationship, and the first to combine an IPA approach from the theoretical stance of the PC. It provides new insights into the complexity of student perceptions and how, through subjective sense making processes over time, these impact on emotions, behaviour and cognitions.

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A sign language tutoring system capable of generating detailed context-sensitive feedback to the user is presented in this dissertation. This stands in contrast with existing sign language tutor systems, which lack the capability of providing such feedback. A domain specific language is used to describe the constraints placed on the user’s movements during the course of a sign, allowing complex constraints to be built through the combination of simpler constraints. This same linguistic description is then used to evaluate the user’s movements, and to generate corrective natural language feedback. The feedback is dynamically tailored to the user’s attempt, and automatically targets that correction which would require the least effort on the part of the user. Furthermore, a procedure is introduced which allows feedback to take the form of a simple to-do list, despite the potential complexity of the logical constraints describing the sign. The system is demonstrated using real video sequences of South African Sign Language signs, exploring the different kinds of advice the system can produce, as well as the accuracy of the comments produced. To provide input for the tutor system, the user wears a pair of coloured gloves, and a video of their attempt is recorded. A vision-based hand pose estimation system is proposed which uses the Earth Mover’s Distance to obtain hand pose estimates from images of the user’s hands. A two-tier search strategy is employed, first obtaining nearest neighbours using a simple, but related, metric. It is demonstrated that the two-tier system’s accuracy approaches that of a global search using only the Earth Mover’s Distance, yet requires only a fraction of the time. The system is shown to outperform a closely related system on a set of 500 real images of gloved hands.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: ’n Gebaretaaltutorstelsel met die vermo¨e om konteks-sensitiewe terugvoer te lewer aan die gebruiker word uiteengesit in hierdie proefskrif. Hierdie staan in kontras met bestaande tutorstelsels, wat nie hierdie kan bied vir die gebruiker nie. ’n Domein-spesifieke taal word gebruik om beperkinge te definieer op die gebruiker se bewegings deur die loop van ’n gebaar. Komplekse beperkinge kan opgebou word uit eenvoudiger beperkinge. Dieselfde linguistieke beskrywing van die gebaar word gebruik om die gebruiker se bewegings te evalueer, en om korrektiewe terugvoer te genereer in teksvorm. Die terugvoer word dinamies aangepas met betrekking tot die gebruiker se probeerslag, en bepaal outomaties die maklikste manier wat die gebruiker sy/haar fout kan korrigeer. ’n Prosedure word uiteengesit om die terugvoer in ’n eenvoudige lysvorm aan te bied, ongeag die kompleksiteit van die linguistieke beskrywing van die gebaar. Die stelsel word gedemonstreer aan die hand van opnames van gebare uit Suid-Afrikaanse Gebaretaal. Die verskeie tipes terugvoer wat die stelsel kan lewer, asook die akkuraatheid van hierdie terugvoer, word ondersoek. Om vir die tutorstelsel intree te bied, dra die gebruiker ’n stel gekleurde handskoene. ’n Visie-gebaseerde handvormafskattingstelsel wat gebruik maak van die Aardverskuiwersafstand (Earth Mover’s Distance) word voorgestel. ’n Twee-vlak soekstrategie word gebruik. ’n Rowwe afstandsmate word gebruik om ’n stel voorlopige handpostuurkandidate te verkry, waarna die stel verfyn word deur gebruik van die Aardverskuiwersafstand. Dit word gewys dat hierdie benaderde strategie se akkuraatheid grens aan die van eksakte soektogte, maar neem slegs ’n fraksie van die tyd. Toetsing op ’n stel van 500 re¨ele beelde, wys dat hierdie stelsel beter presteer as ’n naverwante stelsel uit die literatuur.

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
O comportamento social felino, tem sido amplamente estudado em diferentes ambientes, no entanto, o ambiente doméstico ainda carece de alguma análise. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a perceção do tutor do comportamento social dos seus gatos, e da classificação do seu relacionamento. Tem também o intuito de compreender que fatores de risco podem influenciar o tipo de relação entre os felinos em estudo. Foram realizados 64 inquéritos no Hospital do Gato, questionando o tipo de relação entre os gatos e que comportamentos sociais eram mais prevalentes entre as duplas felinas, avaliando posteriormente quantas respostas concordantes eram dadas pelo tutor, de um total de oito perguntas, relativas aos comportamentos sociais exibidos e se estavam de acordo com a relação social percecionada. Constatou-se que 62,50% dos tutores afirmou que os seus gatos mantêm uma relação afiliativa, 34,38% afirmou que os gatos se toleram e 3,13% respondeu que os seus gatos mantêm uma relação agonística. Onde se observou maior dificuldade por parte do tutor, foi na classificação da relação como tolerante, pois 45,45% afirmavam que os seus gatos mantinham maioritariamente comportamentos agonísticos entre si e não neutros como seria de esperar neste tipo de relação, e os mesmos têm propensão a dar um menor número médio de respostas concordantes (p = 0,05). Os comportamentos sociais onde os tutores evidenciaram maior dificuldade de interpretação foi na linguagem corporal felina, no conflito passivo durante a alimentação e na diferenciação do que é uma brincadeira e um conflito. Curiosamente, foi observada uma associação entre o género do tutor e a perceção da relação, onde as mulheres parecem estar mais sensibilizadas (p < 0,01). Relativamente aos fatores de risco, foi observado uma associação entre a reação dos gatos e o tipo de relação (p = 0,04) que mantêm atualmente, assim como o tempo que demoraram para se ambientar um ao outro (p < 0,01). Verificou-se também que a diferença de idade entre os gatos também afeta a relação (p < 0,01), assim como a existência de relação de parentesco entre os mesmos (p = 0,026). Para além disso, constatou-se que gatos com acesso à rua, têm maior predisposição em apresentar comportamentos do tipo agonístico entre si (p = 0,025). Relativamente aos recursos disponíveis não foi encontrada uma associação com a relação entre os felinos, no entanto, observou-se que, há ainda alguns tutores que não fornece as condições ambientais necessárias para os seus gatos.
ABSTRACT - INTERACTION BETWEEN COHABITING CATS – THE OWNER’S PERCEPTION - Feline social behavior has been widely studied in different environments, however, the domestic environment still needs further analysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the owners’ perception about the social behavior of their cats and the classification of their relationship. It also intends to understand which risk factors may influence the type of relationship between the cats under study. Sixty-four questionnaires were applied at Hospital do Gato, inquiring about the type of relationship between cats and which social behaviors were more prevalent among feline pairs, assessing how many concordant answers were given by the owner out of a total of eight questions regarding social behaviors displayed comparing with the perceived social relationship. It was noted that 62.50% of the owners stated that their cats had an affiliate relationship, 34.38% said that cats tolerated each other and 3.13% said their cats had an agonistic relationship. The greatest difficulty was in classifying the relationship as tolerant, as 45.45% stated that their cats mostly maintained agonistic behaviors among themselves and not neutral as would be expected in this type of relationship, and these owners have propensity to give a lower average number of concordant responses (p = 0.05). The social behaviors where owners showed greater difficulty of interpretation was in feline body language, passive conflict during feeding and differentiation of what is a play behavior and signs of a conflict. Interestingly, an association was observed between the owners gender and the perception of the relationship, where women seem to be more sensitized (p < 0.01). Regarding risk factors, an association was observed between the reaction of cats during the introduction process and the type of relationship they currently maintain (p = 0.04), as well as the time they take to adapt to each other (p < 0.01). It was also found that the age difference between cats also affects the relationship (p < 0.01), as well as the existence of kinship between them (p = 0.026). In addition, it was found that cats with outdoor access are more likely to exhibit agonistic behaviors (p = 0.025). Regarding to available resources, no association was found with the relationship between cats, however it was noted that there are still some owners that do not provide the necessary environmental conditions for their cats.
N/A

Both schools and society have a strong interest in promoting young people’s willingness and capacity for prosocial behaviour. Vertical Tutoring, a pastoral system whereby students are organised into mixed age tutor groups, has been claimed by its supporters to promote aspects of prosocial behaviour. However, only a few researchers have examined Vertical Tutoring in depth and none have explored the micro-detail of their activities and any relationship with prosocial behaviour. The writer seeks to address this through a mixed-method qualitative case study of the activities and prosocial behaviour in two vertical tutor groups at a challenging comprehensive school near London. He uses a series of focused observations, interviews with students and tutors, and a focus group of students, to collect data and Bar-Tal and Raviv’s six phase model of the cognitive development of helping behaviour, and the five techniques they identify for promoting it, as a framework for exploring the possible relationship between the structured activities students do in tutor time and any prosocial acts they perform. The writer finds that the most significant activities in the development of students’ willingness and capacity to behave prosocially seem to be the ones which familiarise the students with each other and create a bond between them. This leads to his contribution of a sixth technique for promoting the cognitive development of prosocial behaviour, in addition to the five already identified by Bar-Tal and Raviv. He also contributes a refinement to their six phase model, recommending the subdivision of the fifth phase into two levels dependent on the degree to which an individual generalises their perception of a general social contract of reciprocity.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação.
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Inúmeros programas foram desenvolvidos com propósitos educativos, através de estratégias de Inteligência Artificial, muitos deles permitiram a personalização da instrução, compatibilizando a apresentação dos conteúdos com o nível de conhecimento e aprendizagem do aprendiz. Uma solução para programas com propósitos educativos é a associação do hipertexto e multimídia que possibilitam a criação de ambientes mais atrativos e interativos, uma vez que permitem o acesso não linear às informações e a apresentação do conteúdo de forma mais dinâmica como: áudio, vídeo, animações, textos, gráficos etc. Este trabalho propõe a adaptação de tutores inteligentes conforme as preferências do aprendiz utilizando regras de produção. Para validar os conceitos apresentados foi realizada a adaptação do protótipo de um tutor para ensino dos conceitos básicos de neurofisiologia. O protótipo para ensino de Neurofisiologia foi desenvolvido com a utilização da modelagem de Hipertômato, que é um modelo teórico de hipertexto como autômato. A utilização deste modelo proporciona uma visão completa do funcionamento do sistema. Isto permite que falhas sejam detectadas na modelagem antes do sistema ser implementado. Utilizando regras de produção foi possível adaptar o tutor de ensino dos conceitos básicos de neurofisiologia conforme as preferências do aprendiz através das respostas obtidas por meio de um questionário. Conhecendo-se as preferências do aprendiz através do questionário pode-se adequar o sistema para que ele facilite a aprendizagem e promova um aprendizado individualizado com a efetiva construção dos conhecimentos do aprendiz. Para efetivar o mapeamento da interação entre o aprendiz e o tutor, foi utilizado um autômato (que representa o raciocínio do estudante) interagindo com um hipertômato (que representa todo o conteúdo a ser ensinado). Desta forma é possível adaptar o ambiente de acordo com as preferências do aprendiz conforme as respostas obtidas através do questionário.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Científica e Tecnológica, Florianópolis, 2016.
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A inclusão de recursos computacionais na educação pode propiciar uma adequação do material didático ao nível de conhecimento dos estudantes e às individualidades de aprendizagem. Nessa perspectiva, os Sistemas Tutores Inteligentes (STI) são excelentes candidatos, pois permitem tratar os alunos de forma individualizada e flexível. Apesar dos avanços obtidos no campo da ciência da computação, ainda são pouco conhecidos no ensino de ciências no Brasil. É apresentada uma reflexão da Teoria da Carga Cognitiva (TCC), que pode instruir muitos dos processos educacionais, e, seus efeitos são analisados minuciosamente. A multidisciplinaridade do processo de aprendizagem, apoiado em uma moderna teoria da cognição humana, a TCC, embasam esta proposta de arquitetura para um STI e de sua aplicabilidade no ensino de ciências, escolhendo como tema a Óptica Geométrica, para demonstrar sua aplicabilidade e como é promissora.

Abstract : The inclusion of computational resources in education can provide an adaptation of the teaching materials to the level of students' knowledge and learning individuals. From this perspective, the Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) are excellent candidates as they allow treating students individually and flexibly. Despite the advances made in the field of computer science, they are still little known in science teaching in Brazil. It is presented a reflection of Cognitive Load Theory (CLT), which can instruct many of the educational process, and its effects are analyzed thoroughly. The multidisciplinary approach of the learning process, supported by a modern theory of human cognition, CLT, underlie this proposed architecture for an STI and its applicability in the teaching of science, choosing as its theme the Geometrical Optics, to demonstrate its applicability and how its promising.

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Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender a prática docente do tutor em EAD, a partir da constituição de sua profissionalidade e dos saberes necessários ao exercício da tutoria. Nossos objetivos específicos foram: inventariar o conceito de tutoria com base nos documentos reguladores EAD/UAB e na literatura de área; comparar o discurso e a prática do professor-tutor e o(s) conceito(s) formalizado(s) nos documentos oficiais referentes a EAD; identificar os descritores da profissionalidade do professor atuante na EAD e os saberes necessários ao exercício docente na EAD. Do ponto de vista metodológico, realizamos entrevista semiestruturada e sessões de grupo focal o que nos permitiu constituir espaço de coleta de informações e depoimentos suficientes, cujos conteúdos foram objeto de análise, conjuntamente com os documentos legais selecionados. As análises conjuntamente com as leituras depreendidas revelaram que há um modelo de tutoria concebido pelo Sistema UAB e replicado pelas IPES que serve de referência aos editais de seleção e igualmente identificável ao se traçar um perfil desses profissionais. A docência na EAD reconfigura-se em um trabalho em equipe que requer de seus partícipes diferentes níveis de elaboração e complexidade de suas práticas. No caso do professor tutor são necessárias à sua atuação o exercício de competências técnicas, pedagógicas, socioafetivas e gerenciais amplamente utilizadas em situações de ensino-aprendizagem no contato com os alunos no AVA. A determinação de que esse professor é o responsável pela mediação pedagógica, ao tempo em que atribui uma feição docente ao trabalho desenvolvido, encarcera-o em uma condição de desprestígio profissional ao negligenciar sua formação acadêmica e experiência profissional como suficientes ao desempenho de outras atividades da docência, que nesse caso, ficam a critério de outros membros da equipe de trabalho, deixando a responsabilidade do ensino como uma atividade de segunda grandeza. Os documentos que regem a EAD deixam evidente que o professor tutor é o profissional para atuar exclusivamente com o ensino, responsável em operacionalizar as aulas, executar as atividades, mas incapaz de pensar pedagogicamente sobre o curso que atua. Nesse aspecto, o professor tutor atua em uma situação de semi-institucionalização extrema em relação aos demais perfis de atuação UAB porque ainda que desenvolva a mesma carga horária dos demais partícipes e tenham formação acadêmica bem próximas, o mesmo recebe o menor dos valores de bolsa disponíveis a EAD. Todavia, no contato com os alunos esse professor em pleno exercício de mediação pedagógica mobiliza sistematicamente os conhecimentos específicos de sua formação, de modo a contribuir afirmativamente para a apropriação de conhecimentos, sendo esse o nicho que nos permite afirmar que o professor tutor é um profissional em construção por preencher somente parcialmente os critérios distintivos para considera-lo como um profissional, faltando-lhe o reconhecimento de sua competência investigativa, o recebimento de proventos e instrumentos reguladores elaborados e geridos por ele mesmo.
This study aimed to understand the teaching practice of the E-Learning tutor, from the constitution of their professionalism and knowledge necessary for the exercise of tutoring. Our specific objectives were: to catalogue the concept of tutoring on the basis of regulatory documents E-Learning/UAB and in the field of literature; to compare the practice of teacher-tutor and the concept(s) formalized in official documents relating to E-Learning; to identify the descriptors of the professionalism of the acting teacher in E-Learning and knowledge necessary for teaching practice in E-Learning. From a methodological point of view, we have conducted a semi-structured interview and we have also made focus group sessions which allowed us to provide an information gathering space, as well as enough testimonials, whose contents have been reviewed, together with the selected legal documents. The analyzes together with the readings revealed that there is a tutoring model designed by the UAB System and replicated by IPES wich can be used as a reference to selection edicts and also identifiable when drawing a profile of these professionals. We understand that teaching in E-Learning reconfigures itself in a teamwork that requires from its participants different levels of development and complexity of their practices. For a teacher-tutor the following abilities are essencial in their performance: exercise of technical, pedagogical, social-affective and managerial competences which are widely used in teaching-learning situations when in contact with students in the Virtual Learning Environment. The determination which states that this teacher is responsible for teaching mediation imputes him/her a teaching feature to the developed work. Such determination imprisons him/her in a professional debasement condition by neglecting his/her academic background and professional experience as sufficient for the performance of other teaching activities which, in this case, are at the discretion of other members of the workteam, so the responsibility of teaching is set as an activity of the second magnitude. The governing documents the E-Learning make it clear that the teacher-tutor is the right professional to work exclusively with teaching. He/She is responsible for operationalizing the classes, performing the activities, but unable to think pedagogically about the course he/she works at. In this respect the teacher-tutor acts in a situation of extreme semi-institutionalization compared to the other UAB performance profiles because even if they develop the same workload of the other participants and they have very close academic training, he/her receives the lowest teaching fellowship available in E-Learning. However, through contact with students, this teacher in complete pedagogical mediation exercise mobilizes systematically the expertise from his/her academic background, contributing positively to the appropriation of knowledge, which is the place which allows us to state that the tutor is a professional under construction due to fill only half of the distinguishing criteria to consider him/her as a professional, lacking of recognition of his/her investigative skills, as well as receiving proceeds and regulatory instruments elaborated and managed by him/herself.

AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OFMelissa Kinsella, for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in Rhetoric and Composition, presented on February 26, 2021, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: GRADUATE TUTORS/INSTRUCTORS: NAVIGATING SHIFTING IDENTITY ROLESMAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Lisa J. McClure Writing centers directors at many universities staff graduate student as tutors; these graduate students receive support for their graduate education while also fulfilling important role in the university. These graduate tutors can hold dual roles as both tutors and instructors - Graduate tutors/instructors (GTIs) as I have called them. GTIs have complex identities that include graduate, student, instructor, and tutor components. GTIs navigate between shifting roles as both classroom instructors and writing center peer collaborative tutors. There is a preexisting writing peer collaborative pedagogy and ethos that GTIs are expected to uphold when becoming writing center tutors. This phenomenological qualitative research study utilizes a survey and follow-up interview to specifically explore how GTIs view and experience their peer tutoring relationships, collaborative tutoring techniques, and their navigation and shift from instructor to tutor. GTIs are studied within the context of SIUC’s writing center. The results of this research offer initial insight into the GTI experience and provide a starting point for exploring the GTI experience on a larger and deeper scale. Writing center pedagogy emphasizes a peer tutoring dynamic; results find that GTIs feel differing degrees of peer frequencies dependent on both the GTIs’ and tutees’ demographic. Further, collaborative techniques are offered within writing center scholarship to enact peer tutoring exchanges; results identify a tendency to collaborate with all tutee demographics with frequency differences reflecting the stage of the writing process and tutee need. The peer and collaborative results present scenarios in which peer and collaborative tutoring doesn’t necessarily go hand-in-hand, while also suggesting that collaborative techniques could be used in spite of a peer relationship; collaboration could also be utilized to enact a peer exchange, even when a peer relationship isn’t present. Moreover, there are ways that shifting from instructor to tutor impacts the tutoring exchange in terms of tutor authority, knowledge, evaluation, and technique. Writing center directors and researchers should acknowledge the complexity of the GTI experience in order to support and understand the GTI exchange and navigation. Keywords: peer tutor, graduate tutor, writing center collaboration, instructor to tutor navigation

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Esta pesquisa educacional, de caráter exploratório, teve como lócus de investigação o curso de especialização em Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE), na perspectiva da educação inclusiva, ofertado por uma universidade pública do estado de São Paulo. Objetivou-se descrever o que os tutores virtuais dizem sobre: a) a qualificação/formação profissional para atuar como tutor virtual em propostas de formação continuada de professores em educação especial a distância; b) os limites/possibilidades do exercício desta função em propostas desta natureza; c) os modos de funcionamento e estrutura do curso investigado. Para cumprir tais objetivos participaram desta pesquisa 6 professores da educação básica e/ou superior que atuaram como tutor virtual no curso. Os dados foram colhidos por meio de entrevista semiestruturada realizada com apoio do programa de interação sincrônica de uso livre Skype. Todas as entrevistas foram gravadas em áudio com a utilização do programa Audacity. O projeto em questão foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da FFC/Unesp-Marília (Processo no. 0691/2013) estando o mesmo em consonância com os princípios éticos previstos na Resolução 196/96 (CNS). Os dados foram transcritos na íntegra e analisados a partir da técnica de Análise de Conteúdo (BARDIN, 2010). Como principais resultados a totalidade dos entrevistados consideraram sua formação adequada para atuar no curso. Os participantes retrataram que tiveram um desempenho ativo nas atividades que lhes foram atribuídas no curso, tais como: a) acompanhar os cursistas no cumprimento da entrega das atividades em conformidade com os prazos, b) orientar quanto ao uso dos materiais disponibilizados nas agendas, c) abrir fóruns de discussão, entre outras Chamou atenção, no que tange a estrutura e funcionamento do curso, o fato dos entrevistados terem opiniões divergentes em relação a definição do modelo educacional escolhido pela...
This educational research, of exploratory nature had a course in specialized educational assistance in the perspective of inclusive education, offered in the distance learning modality, as its setting. The study aims to investigate what the virtual tutor's say about: a) the educational and professional background needed to perform this function, as the course requires; b) the limits and possibilities of this role in courses of such nature; c) the structure and operation of the course. In order to perform these studies and meet these goals, 6 basic and/or superior education teachers who have worked as tutors in the aforementioned course took part in this survey. The data was gathered by means of semi-structured interviews carried out using the freely available Skype software as a tool for synchronic interaction. All interviews were recorded in audio using the also freely available software Audacity. The project was approved by the Ethical Committee of FFC/Unesp-Marília (Process no. 0691/2013) as being in accordance with the ethical principles stated in the resolution 196/96 (CNS). The data was analyzed by means of content analysis technique (BARDIN, 2010). Results showed that all the tutors interviewed considered their educational background adequate for this course. The participants reported they had an active role in the activities assigned to them, such as: a) follow the deadlines and support the course takers accordingly, b) give instruction as to the use of the posted course materials, c) open discussion forums, among others. Also relevant, concerning the course's structure and design, was the fact that the tutors had divergent opinions about the educational model chosen by the staff. The conclusion was that the tutor's role was strongly related to operational and technical duties underlying the course. Although distance learning is a feasible possibility of professional qualification for teachers in our country, the modes of...