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Soroosh, Mehravar, Amani Meisam, Moghimi Armin, et al. "Temperature-Vegetation-soil Moisture-Precipitation Drought Index (TVMPDI); 21-year drought monitoring in Iran using satellite imagery within Google Earth Engine." Advances in Space Research 68, no. 11 (2021): 4573–93. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6517351.
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Remote Sensing (RS) offers efficient tools for drought monitoring, especially in countries with a lack of reliable and consistent in-situ multi-temporal datasets. In this study, a novel RS-based Drought Index (RSDI) named Temperature-Vegetation-soil MoisturePrecipitation Drought Index (TVMPDI) was proposed. To the best of our knowledge, TVMPDI is the first RSDI using four different drought indicators in its formulation. TVMPDI was then validated and compared with six conventional RSDIs including VCI, TCI, VHI, TVDI, MPDI and TVMDI. To this end, precipitation and soil temperature in-situ data have been used. Different time scales of meteorological Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) index have also been used for the validation of the RSDIs. TVMPDI was highly correlated with the monthly precipitation and soil temperature in-situ data at 0.76 and 0.81 values respectively. The correlation coefficients between the RSDIs and 3-month SPI ranged from 0.07 to 0.28, identifying the TVMPDI as the most suitable index for subsequent analyses. Since the proposed TVMPDI could considerably outperform the other selected RSDIs, all spatiotemporal drought monitoring analyses in Iran were conducted by TVMPDI over the past 21 years. In this study, different products of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), and Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) datasets containing 15,206 images were used on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud computing platform. According to the results, Iran experienced the most severe drought in 2000 with a 0.715 TVMPDI value lasting for almost two years. Conversely, the TVMPDI showed a minimum value equal to 0.6781 in 2019 as the lowest annual drought level. The drought severity and trend in the 31 provinces of Iran have also been mapped. Consequently, various levels of decrease over the 21 years were found for different provinces, while Isfahan and Gilan were the only provinces showing an ascending drought trend (with a 0.004% and 0.002% trendline slope respectively). Khuzestan also faced a worrying drought prevalence that occurred in several years. In summary, this study provides updated information about
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Soroosh, Mehravar, Amani Meisam, Moghimi Armin, et al. "Temperature-Vegetation-soil Moisture-Precipitation Drought Index (TVMPDI); 21-year drought monitoring in Iran using satellite imagery within Google Earth Engine." Advances in Space Research 68, no. 11 (2021): 4573–93. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6137154.
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Remote Sensing (RS) offers efficient tools for drought monitoring, especially in countries with a lack of reliable and consistent <em>in-situ</em> multi-temporal datasets. In this study, a novel RS-based Drought Index (RSDI) named Temperature-Vegetation-soil Moisture-Precipitation Drought Index (TVMPDI) was proposed. To the best of our knowledge, TVMPDI is the first RSDI using four different drought indicators in its formulation. TVMPDI was then validated and compared with six conventional RSDIs including VCI, TCI, VHI, TVDI, MPDI and TVMDI. To this end, precipitation and soil temperature <em>in-situ</em> data have been used. Different time scales of meteorological Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) index have also been used for the validation of the RSDIs. TVMPDI was highly correlated with the monthly precipitation and soil temperature in-situ data at 0.76 and 0.81 values respectively. The correlation coefficients between the RSDIs and 3-month SPI ranged from 0.07 to 0.28, identifying the TVMPDI as the most suitable index for subsequent analyses. Since the proposed TVMPDI could considerably outperform the other selected RSDIs, all spatiotemporal drought monitoring analyses in Iran were conducted by TVMPDI over the past 21 years. In this study, different products of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), and Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) datasets containing 15,206 images were used on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud computing platform. According to the results, Iran experienced the most severe drought in 2000 with a 0.715 TVMPDI value lasting for almost two years. Conversely, the TVMPDI showed a minimum value equal to 0.6781 in 2019 as the lowest annual drought level. The drought severity and trend in the 31 provinces of Iran have also been mapped. Consequently, various levels of decrease over the 21 years were found for different provinces, while Isfahan and Gilan were the only provinces showing an ascending drought trend (with a 0.004% and 0.002% trendline slope respectively). Khuzestan also faced a worrying drought prevalence that occurred in several years. In summary, this study provides updated information about drought trends in Iran using an advanced and efficient RSDI implemented in the cloud computing GEE platform. These results are beneficial for decision-makers and officials responsible for environmental sustainability, agriculture and the effects of climate change.
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Wang, Ziyu, Zegen Wang, Junnan Xiong, Wen He, Zhiwei Yong, and Xin Wang. "Responses of the Remote Sensing Drought Index with Soil Information to Meteorological and Agricultural Droughts in Southeastern Tibet." Remote Sensing 14, no. 23 (2022): 6125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14236125.
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The Temperature–Vegetation–Precipitation–Drought Index (TVPDI) has a good performance in drought monitoring in China. However, different regions have different responses to droughts due to terrain differences. In southeastern Tibet, the drought monitoring capacity of some drought indices without soil information has to be assessed on account of the poor sensitivity between temperature and soil humidity. Therefore, soil moisture was added to calculate a new drought index based on TVPDI in southeastern Tibet, named the Temperature–Vegetation–Soil-Moisture–Precipitation–Drought Index (TVMPDI). Then, the TVMPDI was validated by using the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and other remote sensing drought indices, including the Vegetation Health Index (VHI) and Scale Drought Conditions Index (SDCI), during the growing seasons of 2003–2018. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and SPEI were used to represent meteorological drought and Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) was used to represent agricultural drought. The relation between TVMPDI and these drought indices was compared. Finally, the time trends of TVMPDI were also analyzed. The relation coefficients of TVMPDI and SPEI were above 0.5. The correlations between TVMPDI and drought indices, including the Vegetation Health Index (VHI) and Scale Drought Conditions Index (SDCI), also had a good performance. The correlation between the meteorological drought indices (SPI and SPEI) and TVMPDI were not as good as for the TVPDI, but the temporal correlation between the TVMPDI and GPP was greater than that between the TVPDI and GPP. This indicates that the TVMPDI is more suitable for monitoring agricultural drought than the TVPDI. In addition, historical drought monitoring had values that were consistent with those of the actual situation. The trend of the TVMPDI showed that drought in the study area was alleviated from 2003 to 2018. Furthermore, GPP was negatively correlated with SPEI (r = −0.4) and positively correlated with Soil Moisture (SM) drought index (TVMPDI, SMCI) (r = 0.4) in the eastern part of the study area, which suggests that SM, rather than precipitation, could promote the growth of vegetation in the region. A correct understanding of the role of soil information in drought comprehensive indices may monitor meteorological drought and agricultural drought more accurately.
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Makino, Koji, Mia Mudge, Chelsea Zaunmayr, and Dom Tilden. "PP41 Using Medicare Claims Data To Support Reimbursement Of A Novel Leadless Pacing System For The Management Of Bradycardia." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 39, S1 (2023): S63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462323001897.
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IntroductionThe Micra Transcatheter Pacing System (Micra TPS) is a single-chamber transcatheter leadless pacemaker (LPM). LPMs do not require leads or a subcutaneous pocket, which represent the primary sources of device-related complications with conventional transvenous pacemakers (TVPMs). Complications such as infections and lead dislodgements cause significant patient burden, which have significant economic consequences. Running a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to estimate risk differences of infrequent events requires large sample sizes and long follow-up periods. Real-world observational data, while informative, requires an appropriate study design and statistical adjustments to control for potential biases.MethodsThe Micra Coverage with Evidence Development (CED) study was a cohort study of LPM versus TVPM based on US Medicare claims data of 16,431 patients with 2-year follow up (LPM: n=6,219; TVPM: n=10,212). Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to account for differences in baseline characteristics. As no RCT was identified in the literature, this study was presented to the Australian payer as the primary source of clinical evidence, upon which a cost-utility analysis was conducted.ResultsAfter PSM, the CED study demonstrated significantly more complications with TVPM versus LPM with adjusted rates of 6.5 percent and 4.6 percent (p<0.001). Significant differences favoring LPM (p<0.01) were observed in device breakdown (1.4% vs 2.0%), dislodgment (0.4% vs 1.2%) and infection (<0.1% vs 0.6%). Based on these findings, a claim of superior safety was accepted by Medical Services Advisory Committee (MSAC) to support reimbursement. In making this decision, MSAC considered that the large sample size and propensity weighting overcame some of the potential biases and the magnitude of the benefit supported cost-effectiveness relative to TVPM.ConclusionsThe lack of a sufficiently powered RCT with an extended follow-up period can mean the impact and benefits of new technologies that reduce clinically important adverse events of relative infrequency are not formally incorporated into payer decision making, particularly where RCTs are a requirement. A well-designed observational study can provide valuable, real-world evidence to support a HTA for reimbursement decisions.
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Ren, Jie, Hexiang Zheng, Jun Wang, et al. "Assessment of Soil Moisture in Vegetation Regions of Mu Us Sandy Land Using Several Aridity Indicators." Atmosphere 15, no. 11 (2024): 1329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos15111329.
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Drought, a significant calamity in the natural domain, has extensive worldwide repercussions. Drought, primarily characterized by reduced soil moisture (SM), presents a significant risk to both the world environment and human existence. Various drought indicators have been suggested to accurately represent the changing pattern of SM. The study examines various indices related to the Drought Severity Index (DSI), Evaporation Stress Index(ESI), Vegetation Supply Water Index(VSWI), Temperature-Vegetation Dryness Index(TVDI), Temperature Vegetation Precipitation Dryness Index(TVPDI), Vegetation Health Index(VHI), and Temperature Condition Index (TCI). An evaluation was conducted to assess the effectiveness of seven drought indicators, such as DSI, ESI, TVPDI, VSWI, etc., in capturing the changes in SM in Mu Us Sandy Land. The research results indicated that DSI and ESI had the highest accuracy, while TVDI and VSWI showed relatively lower accuracy. However, their smaller fluctuations in the time series demonstrated stronger adaptability to different regions. Additionally, the delayed impact of aridity indices on soil moisture, variable attributes, temperature, and vegetation coverage in sandy land and grassland areas with low, medium, and high coverage all contributed to the effectiveness of the four aridity indices (DSI, ESI, VSWI, and TVPDI) in capturing the dynamics of soil moisture. The primary element that affects the effectiveness of TVDI is the divergence of the relationship curve between Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which is a kind of deterioration. This paper presents a very efficient approach for monitoring soil moisture dynamics in dry and semi-arid regions. It also analyzes the patterns of soil moisture changes, offering valuable scientific insights for environmental monitoring and ecological enhancement.
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Wei, Wei, Sufei Pang, Xufeng Wang, et al. "Temperature Vegetation Precipitation Dryness Index (TVPDI)-based dryness-wetness monitoring in China." Remote Sensing of Environment 248 (October 2020): 111957. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.111957.
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Sun, Minxuan, Zhengxin Ji, Xin Jiao, Fei Lun, Qiangqiang Sun, and Danfeng Sun. "Mapping Grassland Based on Bio-Climate Probability and Intra-Annual Time-Series Abundance Data of Vegetation Habitats." Remote Sensing 15, no. 19 (2023): 4723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15194723.
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Accurate inventories of grasslands are important for studies of greenhouse gas (GHG) dynamics, as grasslands store about one-third of the global terrestrial carbon stocks. This paper develops a framework for large-area grassland mapping based on the probability of grassland occurrence and the interactive pathways of fractional vegetation and soil-related endmember nexuses. In this study, grassland occurrence probability maps were produced based on data on bio-climate factors obtained from MODIS/Terra Land Surface Temperature (MOD11A2), MODIS/Terra Vegetation Indices (MOD13A3), and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM 3B43) using the random forests (RF) method. Time series of 8-day fractional vegetation-related endmembers (green vegetation, non-photosynthetic vegetation, sand land, saline land, and dark surfaces) were generated using linear spectral mixture analysis (LSMA) based on MODIS/Terra Surface Reflectance data (MOD09A1). Time-series endmember fraction maps and grassland occurrence probabilities were employed to map grassland distribution using an RF model. This approach improved the accuracy by 5% compared to using endmember fractions alone. Additionally, based on the grassland occurrence probability maps, we identified extensive ecologically sensitive regions, encompassing 1.54 (104 km2) of desert-to-steppe (D-S) and 2.34 (104 km2) of steppe-to-meadow (S-M) transition regions. Among these, the D-S area is located near the threshold of 310 mm/yr in precipitation, an annual temperature of 10.16 °C, and a surface comprehensive drought index (TVPDI) of 0.59. The S-M area is situated close to the line of 437 mm/yr in precipitation, an annual temperature of 5.49 °C, and a TVPDI of 0.83.
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Takasaki, Kenji, Carey D. Balaban, Isamu Sando, and Makoto Miura. "Functional Anatomy of the Tensor Veli Palatini Muscle and Ostmann's Fatty Tissue." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 111, no. 11 (2002): 1045–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940211101117.
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This study examined morphological features of the tensor veli palatini muscle (TVPM) and Ostmann's fatty tissue that may be important for eustachian tube (ET) ventilation. Histologic sections through the midcartilaginous ET from 17 human temporal bone-ET specimens (age range, 3 months to 88 years) were used to assess 1) the presence or absence of attachment of the TVPM fibers to either the perichondrium of the ET cartilage lateral lamina (LL) or a tendinous membrane along the medial margin of the TVPM, 2) the angular relationship between the TVPM fibers and the vertical axis of the ET lumen, and 3) the location of the TVPM and Ostmann's fatty tissue. The TVPM fibers were attached to the LL perichondrium in 14 cases; an attachment was absent in 3 cases because of fatty atrophy of the TVPM. However, the TVPM fibers were inserted into the tendonlike membrane in all cases. The angle of insertion of TVPM fibers into the membrane was significantly more acute (relative to the vertical ET axis) in the inferior aspect than in the superior aspect of the membrane both in young children (3 months to 4 years; mean ± SD, 39.0° ± 15.1° superiorly to 23.8° ± 17.0° inferiorly) and in older subjects (8 to 88 years, 30.4° ± 11.6° superiorly to 15.7° ± 11.2° inferiorly; t-test, p < .001). The location of Ostmann's fatty tissue accompanied the TVPM throughout the cartilaginous ET. These data suggest that contraction of the TVPM moves the LL inferolaterally to open the superior aspect more than the inferior aspect of the lumen and that Ostmann's fatty tissue will limit the opening of the ET lumen, especially that of its inferior aspect.
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Rivera, Joao, Franz Franchetti, and Markus Püschel. "Floating-Point TVPI Abstract Domain." Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 8, PLDI (2024): 442–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3656395.
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Floating-point arithmetic is natively supported in hardware and the preferred choice when implementing numerical software in scientific or engineering applications. However, such programs are notoriously hard to analyze due to round-off errors and the frequent use of elementary functions such as log, arctan, or sqrt. In this work, we present the Two Variables per Inequality Floating-Point (TVPI-FP) domain, a numerical and constraint-based abstract domain designed for the analysis of floating-point programs. TVPI-FP supports all features of real-world floating-point programs including conditional branches, loops, and elementary functions and it is efficient asymptotically and in practice. Thus it overcomes limitations of prior tools that often are restricted to straight-line programs or require the use of expensive solvers. The key idea is the consistent use of interval arithmetic in inequalities and an associated redesign of all operators. Our extensive experiments show that TVPI-FP is often orders of magnitudes faster than more expressive tools at competitive, or better precision while also providing broader support for realistic programs with loops and conditionals.
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Orita, Yorihisa, Makoto Miura, Isamu Sando, and Seishi Hasebe. "Postnatal Changes in the Connective Tissue in the Region Lateral to the Eustachian Tube: Possible Relationship to Tube Function." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 112, no. 8 (2003): 716–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940311200812.
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In order to delineate the possible role of connective tissue (CT) in the region lateral to the eustachian tube (ET) between the ET lumen and the tensor veli palatini muscle (TVPM), we studied the postnatal changes in the CT in histologic sections of human ET. In fetuses and neonates, the lateral region was filled with mesenchyme. Loose collagenous CT appeared first at 2 weeks of age, and in subjects older than 4 years of age, the collagen formed dense, meshlike structures attaching to both the subepithelial CT layer of the ET and the tendonlike membrane of the TVPM. Along the long axis of the ET, those attachments were distributed mainly in the region at the posterior part of the cartilaginous portion of the ET. Attachments to the subepithelial CT layer of the ET were distributed mainly in the upper half of the region. The dense, meshlike collagenous CT might help the ET to be opened by drawing the lateral wall of the ET lumen through inferolateral movement of the tendonlike membrane of the TVPM when the TVPM contracts. It may work to open mainly the parts that include the narrowest portion of the ET, and also the upper aspect of the ET lumen. Incomplete development of this structure in infants may be one of the factors associated with dysfunction in ET opening.
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Ishijima, Ken, Isamu Sando, Makoto Miura, Carey D. Balaban, and Kenji Takasaki. "Functional Anatomy of Levator Veli Palatini Muscle and Tensor Veli Palatini Muscle in Association with Eustachian Tube Cartilage." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 111, no. 6 (2002): 530–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940211100609.
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The anatomic relationships among the levator veli palatini muscle (LVPM), the tensor veli palatini muscle (TVPM), and the eustachian tube (ET) cartilage were investigated by computer-aided 3-dimensional reconstruction and measurement methods. The study used 13 normal temporal bone–ET specimens obtained from 13 individuals (range of age at death, 3 months to 88 years). This study revealed several anatomic features of the anterior cartilaginous portion of the ET First, the LVPM is always located inferolateral to the inferior margin of the medial lamina (ML) of the ET cartilage. Second, the LVPM has a large cross-sectional area throughout the extent of the anterior cartilaginous portion of the ET. Third, although the LVPM lies close to the ML of the ET cartilage (0.44 ± 0.16 mm in children and 1.02 ± 0.58 mm in adults), there is no region of attachment. Finally, the TVPM is not attached to the lateral lamina (LL) of the ET cartilage of the anterior quarter of the cartilaginous portion. Accordingly, it could be assumed that the most anterior cartilaginous portion of the ET is opened primarily by the contraction of the LVPM, which causes a superior-medial rotation of the ML. Furthermore, since the contraction time of the LVPM is reported to be longer than that of the TVPM, the anterior cartilaginous portions of the ET may remain open, even after the middle to posterior cartilaginous portions are closed after relaxation of the TVPM. This process would produce a pumping action of the ET in the direction from the middle ear to the pharyngeal side. The pumping function may be beneficial to clearance of the middle ear.
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Kent, Marc, Lauren R. Talarico, Eric N. Glass, Alexander de Lahunta, Simon R. Platt, and Allison C. Haley. "Denervation of the Tensor Veli Palatini Muscle and Effusion in the Tympanic Cavity." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 51, no. 6 (2015): 424–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/jaaha-ms-6314.
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An English springer spaniel was presented for right-sided atrophy of the muscles of mastication, analgesia and paralysis of the face, and vestibular dysfunction. Neurological signs were consistent with a lesion involving the pons and rostral medulla resulting in deficits in the function of the trigeminal, facial, and vestibular nerves. MRI disclosed a right-sided extraparenchymal mass consistent with a trigeminal nerve sheath neoplasm that was compressing and invading the pons and medulla. Atrophy of the muscles of mastication, innervated by the trigeminal nerve, was also observed on MRI. Additionally, effusion was present in the ipsilateral tympanic cavity. Gross and microscopic evaluation of the right tensor veli palatini muscle (TVPM) was consistent with neurogenic atrophy. Effusion in the tympanic cavity was likely the result of an inability to open the auditory tube as a consequence of paralysis of the TVPM. Without the ability to open the auditory tube, gases present within the auditory tube and tympanic cavity may be absorbed, creating a negative pressure environment that leads to fluid transudation and effusion build up. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report to document neurogenic atrophy of the TVPM with concurrent effusion in the ipsilateral tympanic cavity.
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YOGANANDA, M. "Yield and quality performance of bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.] genotypes in humid tropical lowland of Kerala." Annals of Plant and Soil Research 23, no. 3 (2021): 314–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.47815/apsr.2021.10076.
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The present investigation was carried out at the Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellayani, during 2019-2020 to study the performance of bottle gourd genotypes. Among the genotypes, the BG-3 recorded the lower most node to fruit production (13.7) and highest fruit set per cent (43.4%). BG-2 was earliest to first fruit harvest (57.8 days). IC 371745 recorded longer fruit length (68.8 cm) which was at par with IC 538142 (62.2 cm). Genotype IC417704 recorded maximum fruit diameter and flesh thickness (15.97 cm and 12.56 cm). Genotype IC 331101 recorded the lowest rind thickness (1.69 mm) and IC 536593 recorded the highest fruit weight (2.41 kg). Tvpm Local recorded highest number of fruits per vine (6) followed by Pant Lauki-4 (4.3). The highest fruit yield was recoeded in Tvpm Local (43.98 t ha-1) with crop duration of 129.4 days. The highest TSS and ascorbic acid content were noted in the BG-3 (2.5°B) and IC398545 (12.0 mg 100-1 g), respectively. Based on the mean yield performance of the genotypes and selection index score IC 536593, Tvpm Local and Pant lauki-4 were best performing genotypes.
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Suzuki, Chiaki, Isamu Sando, Miwa Kitagawa, Carey D. Balaban, and Kenji Takasaki. "Difference in Attachment of the Tensor Veli Palatini Muscle to the Eustachian Tube Cartilage with Age." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 112, no. 5 (2003): 439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940311200510.
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To test a hypothesis that ventilation of the eustachian tube (ET) varies with age, we investigated the relationship between age and the attachment of the tensor veli palatini muscle (TVPM) to the lateral lamina of the ET cartilage in 12 normal human temporal bones obtained from individuals 3 months to 81 years old. We used computer-aided 3-dimensional reconstruction and measurement methods. We found that the length of the TVPM attachment and its ratio to the length of the ET, especially that of the cartilaginous portion of the ET, increases with age from infancy to adulthood, and decreases with age from young adulthood to later life. These findings are thought to be related to postnatal development and aging. The possibility of differences in ventilation function with age is discussed.
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Tong, Changfu, Hongfei Hou, Hexiang Zheng, Ying Wang, and Jin Liu. "A Coupled Model for Forecasting Spatiotemporal Variability of Regional Drought in the Mu Us Sandy Land Using a Meta-Heuristic Algorithm." Land 13, no. 11 (2024): 1731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13111731.
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Vegetation plays a vital role in terrestrial ecosystems, and droughts driven by rising temperatures pose significant threats to vegetation health. This study investigates the evolution of vegetation drought from 2010 to 2024 and introduces a deep-learning-based forecasting model for analyzing regional spatial and temporal variations in drought. Extensive time-series remote-sensing data were utilized, and we integrated the Temperature–Vegetation Dryness Index (TVDI), Drought Severity Index (DSI), Evaporation Stress Index (ESI), and the Temperature–Vegetation–Precipitation Dryness Index (TVPDI) to develop a comprehensive methodology for extracting regional vegetation drought characteristics. To mitigate the effects of regional drought non-stationarity on predictive accuracy, we propose a coupling-enhancement strategy that combines the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) with the Informer model, enabling more precise forecasting of long-term regional drought variations. Unlike conventional deep-learning models, this approach introduces rapid convergence and global search capabilities, utilizing a sparse self-attention mechanism that improves performance while reducing model complexity. The results demonstrate that: (1) compared to the traditional Transformer model, test accuracy is improved by 43%; (2) the WOA–Informer model efficiently handles multi-objective forecasting for extended time series, achieving MAE (Mean Absolute Error) ≤ 0.05, MSE (Mean Squared Error) ≤ 0.001, MSPE (Mean Squared Percentage Error) ≤ 0.01, and MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error) ≤ 5%. This research provides advanced predictive tools and precise model support for long-term vegetation restoration efforts.
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Sudo, Masaharu, Isamu Sando, Akihiro Ikui, and Chiaki Suzuki. "Narrowest (ISTHMUS) Portion of Eustachian Tube: A Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Reconstruction and Measurement Study." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 106, no. 7 (1997): 583–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949710600710.
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Nine normal human temporal bones from persons 16 to 88 years old were studied by computer aided three-dimensional reconstruction and measurement. The length of the eustachian tube (ET) lumen in three portions (from pharyngeal orifice to tympanic orifice: cartilaginous, junctional, and bony) averaged 23.6 ±4.3 mm, 3.0 ± 1.9 mm, and 6.4 ± 2.6 mm. The narrowest portion of the ET lumen was in the cartilaginous portion in all cases: 20.5 ± 4.2 mm from the pharyngeal orifice and 3.1 ± 1.6 mm from the pharyngeal margin of the junctional portion. The cross-sectional area of the narrowest portion was 0.65 ± 0.2 mm2. The tendon of the tensor veli palatini muscle (TVPM) inserted into the lateral lamina in the narrowest portion of the ET lumen in five of nine cases. These results suggest that contraction of the TVPM opens the narrowest portion of the ET lumen to ventilate the middle ear and that this portion also plays a role in protecting the middle ear.
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Wu, Yi-Cheng, Ching-Hsuan Chen, Yi-Li Ko, et al. "Cervical Power Doppler Angiography with Micro Vessel Blood Flow Indices in the Auxiliary Diagnosis of Acute Cervicitis." Diagnostics 12, no. 5 (2022): 1131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12051131.
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We have conducted cervical imaging of uterine and micro-vessel flow velocity waveforms in acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) by transvaginal power Doppler ultrasound (TVPDU) in order to explore the associations of sonographic parameters with simple and complex cervicitis. Thirty-eight patients with acute PID (26 with acute simple cervicitis and 12 with complex cervicitis) were enrolled for an assessment of vascular grading of cervix and micro-vessel flow velocity using TVPDU before treatment. Seven parameters, including vascular grading (VG), lowest pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), peak systolic velocity (PS), end diastolic velocity (ED), time average maximum velocity (TAMV), and vascular index (VI = PS/ED), were measured and recorded. Forty-one healthy patients were assessed as the control group. Vascular grading (VG) was significantly higher in the study group than the control group (p < 0.0001). The PI, RI, and VI were significantly lower in the study group than control group (p < 0.0001). No significant associations were observed between seven sonographic parameters and acute simple or/and complex cervicitis. For acute simple cervicitis, a PI cutoff of 1.1 had a sensitivity of 85.4% and a specificity of 92.1% (area under ROC curve [AUC], 93.2%). A RI of 0.6 had a sensitivity of 85.4% and a specificity of 78.9% (AUC, 86.1%). A VI of 2.6 had a sensitivity of 85.4% and a specificity of 78.9% (AUC, 84.9%). Power Doppler angiography of micro-vessel flow velocity waveforms in the cervix could represent a practical method to assist the diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease presented as acute cervicitis detected on transvaginal ultrasound before medical or surgical treatment. Cervical PI may be a useful index to detect micro-vessel flow velocity waveforms in acute cervicitis and differentiate acute simple cervicitis from complex cervicitis.
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Arntfield, Michael. "TVPD: The Generational Diegetics of the Police Procedural on American Television." Canadian Review of American Studies 41, no. 1 (2011): 75–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cras.41.1.75.
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Knizia, Nahne-Alina, Josefine Hirschler, Constance Stegbauer, et al. "ATME—Needs, requirements and cross-sectoral patient journeys of patients with out-of-hospital mechanical ventilation and intensive care in outpatient settings: study protocol for an observational study." BMJ Open 14, no. 3 (2024): e078621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078621.
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IntroductionAn increasing number of tracheotomised and/or ventilated patients with high-cost out-of-hospital intensive care needs and, at the same time, a decreasing number of healthcare professionals inevitably lead to challenges in the care of this patient population. In addition, little is known about this population, their health restrictions, needs, patient journeys, care structures and processes. The project ‘Needs, requirements and cross-sectoral care pathways of out-of-hospital ventilated intensive care patients’ (ATME) aims to analyse these aspects and explore current care structures to inform further development of care in line with patients’ needs and requirements.Methods and analysisQualitative and quantitative methods will be used. In preparation of a semistandardised survey, exploratory interviews will be conducted with tracheotomised and/or ventilated patients with out-of-hospital intensive care needs (TVPOI) (n=15), nursing care providers (n=30), outpatient medical centres, as well as outpatient medical, medical technology and therapeutic care providers (n=35). Three semistandardised survey questionnaires for TVPOI (n=2,000) will be developed and conducted with nursing care facilities (n=250) and outpatient medical centres for mechanical ventilation (n=25). Content analyses will be conducted for qualitative data; survey data will be analysed descriptively. In addition, healthcare claims data will be analysed descriptively to provide information on patient journeys. Three result workshops and one consensus conference will be carried out with representatives of the relevant target groups to analyse the suitability of care structures and to develop recommendations for action to improve TVPOI.Ethics and disseminationThe ATME study received a positive vote from the Ethics Committee of the Osnabrück University of Applied Sciences and is registered in ‘Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien (DRKS)’ (registration number: DRKS00030891). The study results will be presented at national conferences and in relevant peer-reviewed journals. Additionally, study results will be published by the funding institution (the Innovation Committee of the Federal Joint Committee) on their website.
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Yến, Trần Thị Hoàng, Đinh Lê Mai Phương, Trần Thành Thái, Nguyễn Lê Quế Lâm, Ngô Xuân Quảng та Phạm Thanh Lưu. "SỬ DỤNG CHỈ SỐ TDI (TROPHIC DIATOM INDEX) CỦA THỰC VẬT PHÙ DU ĐỂ ĐÁNH GIÁ TRẠNG THÁI DINH DƯỠNG Ở MỘT SỐ THỦY VỰC TRONG THÀNH PHỐ BẾN TRE". Tạp chí Khoa học 16, № 12 (2019): 1053. http://dx.doi.org/10.54607/hcmue.js.16.12.2571(2019).
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Nghiên cứu sử dụng chỉ số TDI (Trophic diatom index) của quần xã thực vật phù du (TVPD) để đánh giá trạng thái dinh dưỡng ở một số thuỷ vực trong thành phố Bến Tre. Mẫu được thu tại 9 vị trí vào mùa mưa (9/2017) và mùa khô (4/2018). Kết quả chỉ số TDI cho thấy môi trường ở các khu vực khảo sát có trạng thái từ nghèo dinh dưỡng đến ưu dưỡng. Bên cạnh đó, phân tích tương quan Spearman cho thấy chỉ số TDI bị chi phối bởi độ mặn, TDS và NO3-. Chỉ số TDI khá nhạy cảm với môi trường giàu dinh dưỡng vì thế có tiềm năng trong việc theo dõi, đánh giá chất lượng môi trường nước mặt tại khu vực đô thị trong tương lai.
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Wang, Tianlei, Jing Zhou, Zhiqin Wu, Renju Liu, Jingling Zhang, and Yanyang Liang. "A Time-Varying PD Sliding Mode Control Method for the Container Crane Based on a Radial-Spring Damper." Electronics 11, no. 21 (2022): 3543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11213543.
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For the multi-rope structure of the container crane system and its large mass payload anti-swing positioning problem, an equivalent double-swing model based on radial spring-dampers is established and a time-varying PD sliding mode controller (TVPD-SMC) with improved transient performance is proposed. In particular, the dynamics of the container crane system are first analyzed using the Lagrange method, and an equivalent double pendulum dynamics model of the crane is established. Compared with the traditional double pendulum model, this model ensures the accuracy of modeling without measuring the second pendulum angle. On this basis, an enhanced coupled time-varying sliding mode control method is designed to eliminate the sliding mode control method’s reaching phase and improves the robustness of the controller. Finally, the convergence and stability of the closed-loop system are proved using the Lyapunov technique and the Lasalle invariance theorem, and the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.
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Kimura, Kei, and Kazuhisa Makino. "Linear Satisfiability Preserving Assignments." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 61 (February 27, 2018): 291–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.5658.
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In this paper, we study several classes of satisfiability preserving assignments to the constraint satisfaction problem (CSP). In particular, we consider fixable, autark and satisfying assignments. Since it is in general NP-hard to find a nontrivial (i.e., nonempty) satisfiability preserving assignment, we introduce linear satisfiability preserving assignments, which are defined by polyhedral cones in an associated vector space. The vector space is obtained by the identification, introduced by Kullmann, of assignments with real vectors. We consider arbitrary polyhedral cones, where only restricted classes of cones for autark assignments are considered in the literature. We reveal that cones in certain classes are maximal as a convex subset of the set of the associated vectors, which can be regarded as extensions of Kullmann's results for autark assignments of CNFs. As algorithmic results, we present a pseudo-polynomial time algorithm that computes a linear fixable assignment for a given integer linear system, which implies the well known pseudo-polynomial solvability for integer linear systems such as two-variable-per-inequality (TVPI), Horn and q-Horn systems.
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Tuan Anh, Nguyen, Christopher Gan, and Dao Le Trang Anh. "The interrelationships among the formal, semiformal and informal credit demands of farm households in Vietnam." International Journal of Social Economics 48, no. 5 (2021): 776–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-11-2020-0734.
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Purpose This study simultaneously explores the nexus among formal, semiformal and informal credit markets and farm households' credit demand determinants in Vietnam. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a multistage stratified random sampling process for a survey of 648 smallholder farmers in the Red River Delta (RRD), Vietnam. The trivariate probit model (TVPM) is used to address the interdependence of farm households' credit demands in different credit markets. Findings The results reveal complementary relationships among two pairs of credit markets (formal versus informal and semiformal versus informal). There are dissimilarities among the determinants (household characteristics, household head's characteristics, credit history and geographic factors) of farm households' credit demands in different markets, reflecting segmentation of Vietnam credit markets. Practical implications The study's empirical findings are important for policymakers and credit providers to enhance farm households' access to credit for agriculture and to improve the operations of the three credit markets. Originality/value This is the first empirical study in Vietnam and one of few in other developing countries simultaneously exploring the determinants of credit demand in and interrelationships among all three credit markets to provide more comprehensive and accurate results.
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Miura, Makoto, Isamu Sando, Shin-Ichi Haginomori, Carey D. Balaban, and Yorihisa Orita. "Temporal Bone Morphometric Study on the Eustachian Tube and its Associated Structures in Patients with Chromosomal Aberrations." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 111, no. 8 (2002): 722–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940211100812.
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This study characterized phenotypic anomalies of the eustachian tube (ET) and its associated structures in individuals with various chromosomal aberrations (trisomies 13, 18, 21, and 22 and inversion of chromosome 1). The morphological characteristics of the ET and its accessory structures from 10 temporal bone-ET specimens, obtained from 10 individuals with chromosomal aberrations who ranged from the 26th gestational week to 1 year in age, were compared with the same structures from 21 age-matched control subjects without anomalies. The subjects with chromosomal aberrations had a significantly smaller volume of the lateral lamina (LL) of the ET cartilage, a reduced attachment of the tensor veli palatini muscle (TVPM), and, in some cases, a reduced volume of the lumen of the cartilaginous ET. The volume of the medial lamina (ML) of the ET cartilage was normal at birth, but smaller in specimens more than 2 months of age; this finding suggests that the prenatal development was normal, but that the postnatal growth was retarded. The subjects with chromosomal aberrations also displayed a smaller ratio of the volume of the LL to that of the ML (LL/ML ratio). Our results suggest that individuals with various chromosomal aberrations have rather similar anomalies of the ET and its associated structures. We speculate that these anomalies might be closely related to ET dysfunction in these patients.
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Jia, Xiangjian, and Yanfeng Jiang. "Non-Magnetic Circulator Based on a Time-Varying Phase Modulator." Applied Sciences 13, no. 1 (2022): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13010512.
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Non-reciprocal devices are key elements in modern wireless communication systems. The circulator devices can simultaneously save spectrum resources and antennas. A traditional circulator is made of ferrite materials with an external magnetic bias field, and its bulk and incompatibility with CMOS technology can hardly satisfy the miniaturization and integration of modern high-speed communication systems. In recent years, there have been many outstanding achievements in the study of non-magnetic circulators, among which, the method of producing non-reciprocity by temporal modulation is considered the most likely to have a transformative influence on the industry. By varying one of the parameters of the system with time, the time inversion symmetry of the system can be broken so that the non-reciprocal devices can be formed by applying appropriate topological structures without the use of magnetic materials. In the paper, a new concept of a time-varying phase modulator (TVPM) is proposed to achieve a relatively simple method to break the symmetry of time inversion. Two different time-varying phase modulators and buffering units can be integrated to form a gyrator, with which a circulator can be formed. This paper provides a relatively simple design idea and shows the circuit design and implementation method as well as the numerical analysis and simulation results. The simulation results show that the insertion loss of the circulator at the center frequency is −1.7 dB and the isolation is −18 dB. The proposed non-magnetic circulator shows potential applicability in related 5G and pre-6G systems.
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Гусамов, Степан Александрович, та Иван Иванович Родионов. "Эффективность фондов прямых инвестиций на развивающихся рынках". Journal of Corporate Finance Research / Корпоративные Финансы | ISSN: 2073-0438 9, № 4 (2015): 122–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/j.jcfr.2073-0438.9.4.2015.122-137.
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Степан Александрович Гусамов - Национальный Исследовательский Университет "Высшая школа экономики". 
 Электронная почта: iastepanov@hse.ru
 Иван Иванович Родионов - Национальный Исследовательский Университет "Высшая школа экономики". 
 Электронная почта: irodionov@hse.ru
 Из-за отсутствия данных о денежных потоках, оценить эффективность ФПИ для развивающихся рынков капитала представляется более сложной задачей, чем для развитых, так как использование традиционных показателей доходности TVPI и IRR невозможно.В данном исследовании был предложен подход, предполагающий применение скорректированных показателей доходности для ФПИ, который может быть реализован без использования данных о денежных потоках и чистых активов фондов. Предложенные показатели могут быть рассчитаны на основе имеющихся в публичном доступе данных о портфельных сделках фондов.В исследовании была представлена методология анализа эффективности ФПИ на основе портфельных сделок, а также проведен анализ эмпирических данных на выборке из 1957 сделок стран BRIC в период с 2000 по 2012.Результаты эмпирического анализа в целом подтверждают ряд фундаментальных характеристик ФПИ, ранее выявленных для развитых рынков капитала таких как:1. Сделки ФПИ в развивающихся странах являются более рисковыми активами, чем традиционные инструменты.2. Доходность у большинства сделок ниже доходности фондового рынка, однако, наиболее успешные существенно опережают рынок.3. Инвестиции фондов выкупа имеют коэффициент β меньше единицы, что говорит о малой подверженности системному риску.Некоторые характеристики нашли подтверждение только частично:1. Инвестиции венчурных фондов имеют коэффициент β больше единицы для рынков Бразилии и Индии, и меньше единицы для России и Китая.2. Доходность инвестиций BO фондов выше доходности VC фондов в России и Китае. В Индии и Бразилии – результат обратный.Оставшаяся часть характеристик принципиально отличается от выявленных на развитых рынках капитала:1. Период владения инвестициями для ФПИ развивающихся стран меньше, чем для развитых стран и в среднем составляет 3,3 года.
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Yazbek, Michelle, Aimee V. Stewart, and Alison Bentley. "A verbal descriptor incremental pain scale developed by South African Tswana-speaking patients with low back pain." South African Journal of Physiotherapy 74, no. 1 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajp.v74i1.460.
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Background: Measuring pain in patients whose home language is not English can be difficult as there may not be a scale available in their home language. Scales devised in other countries may also not be accurate after translation.Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop and test a new verbal pain descriptor scale in a Tswana-speaking population in South Africa with low back pain.Method: Two separate Tswana-speaking groups (20 males and 20 females) of patients with low back pain were asked to describe each of four categories of pain: mild, moderate, severe and worst. They then voted and descriptions obtaining more than 70% of the vote were taken to the next round of voting with both groups together. A final scale of one description for each category of pain (Tswana Verbal Pain Descriptor Scale – TVPDS) for both males and females was tested on a sample of 250 patients with low back pain and against three other non-verbal pain scales.Results: All items on the final scale were approved by at least 70% of both male and female participants. The scores for the TVPDS correlated well with present pain perception (r = 0.729, p < 0.0001) measured on the numerical visual analogue scale. The TVPDS correlated well with the Wong–Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale (r = 0.695, p < 0.0001) and the Pakistani Coin Pain Scale (r = 0.717, p < 0.0001).Conclusion: The TVPDS has the potential to be a useful clinical scale but more testing in other languages is still required.Clinical implications: This pain scale has the potential to be a useful scale to use for Tswana-speaking persons with low back pain and could also be useful for persons of other languages, if translated.
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Makino, Koji, Mia Mudge, Michelle Hill, Chelsea Zaunmayr, and Dominic Tilden. "Cost‐effectiveness of Micra™ VR leadless pacemaker in patients with bradycardia and atrial fibrillation in Australia." Journal of Arrhythmia, September 27, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joa3.13145.
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AbstractBackgroundMicra™ VR Transcatheter Pacing System (Micra VR) is a single‐chamber transcatheter leadless pacemaker. Absence of leads and subcutaneous pocket reduces or completely eliminates the risk of complications associated with the conventional transvenous pacemakers (TVPM). When compared with TVPM, the leadless technology provides a quicker postimplantation recovery and causes less cosmetic concerns/discomfort providing better patient experiences in the long run. We performed a modeled cost‐utility analysis of Micra VR versus TVPM for the management of patients with bradycardia.MethodsWe developed a Markov model comparing Micra VR to TVPM over the device battery life of 17 years. Key data inputs were drawn from the MICRA Coverage with Evidence Development (CED) study. Costs were obtained from Australian sources. The analysis is from the perspective of the Australian healthcare system.ResultsThe risks of complications, including device‐related events, in real‐world clinical practice were relatively low for TVPM. The magnitude of cost savings arising from risk reductions provided by Micra VR was however sizable, offsetting roughly a quarter of its additional device cost. Over the 17‐year model period, Micra VR was associated with an estimated incremental cost of A$4277 and an incremental quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) of 0.09 when compared with TVPM, yielding an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio of A$47 379 per QALY gain.ConclusionsMicra VR is likely to offer a cost‐effective alternative to the conventional TVPM technology for the management of patients with bradycardia.
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Miret Salvador, Maria, Lorena Hernandez Taboas, and Rosa Ana Espinosa Urbina. "Trombosis venosa profunda de miembro superior." Actualización en Medicina de Familia, March 1, 2023. https://doi.org/10.55783/amf.s190302.
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Puntos clave La baja prevalencia de trombosis venosa profunda de extremidad superior (TVPES) dificulta y retrasa su diagnóstico orientando en muchos casos la patología a un dolor de origen mecánico. Los factores de riesgo de TVPES son distintos a los de trombosis venosa profunda de extremidad inferior (TVPEI), como ser portador de catéteres centrales o marcapasos, y en gente joven aumenta la incidencia por antecedente de traumatismo, hipertrofia muscular y posible variación anatómica que reduce el espacio costoclavicular. Para valorar la probabilidad pretest en el diagnóstico de TVPES, en lugar de la escala clínica de Wells, se dispone de la escala clínica de Constans y el dímero D tiene menor sensibilidad que en el diagnóstico de TVPEI. La detección precoz de TVPES es crucial para reducir las complicaciones como el tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP), el síndrome postrombótico y la recurrencia de la trombosis.
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Qian, Feng, Tammie Kheocha-on, and Edward Hannan. "Abstract 380: Comparison of 6-Year Outcomes of Bare-metal and Paclitaxel-eluting Stents: Results from New York Cardiac Registries." Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes 8, suppl_2 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circoutcomes.8.suppl_2.380.
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Background: Coronary stents are commonly used in percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Bare-metal stents (BMS) as the first generation stent and paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES) as a second generation stent are widely deployed in PCIs. However, the long-term comparative effectiveness of BMS vs PES in the real practice remains unclear. Our aim was to assess a comprehensive set of 6-year clinical outcomes of all patients undergoing PCI with either BMS or PES placement and to determine comparative effectiveness of BMS vs PES in “off-label” (ST Segment Elevation Myocardial , totally occluded lesions, left main disease, multiple vessels diseased, bypassed graft lesions, and ejection fraction75 years, and diabetes) patient subgroups. Methods: A 6-year longitudinal database was created by linking data from the New York State (NYS) PCI registry, the NYS Cardiac Surgery Reporting System (CSRS) registry, the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS), the National Death Index (NDI) file, and the U.S. Census data (2010) for patients undergoing PCI with BMS or PES placement from January 1, 2006 through December 31, 2007. Outcomes included all-cause mortality, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), subsequent coronary revascularizations (PCI or coronary artery bypass graft surgery) and target-vessel PCI (TVPCI). Propensity score-matched patients undergoing BMS or PES (n=13,879 pairs) were compared with respect to 6-year outcomes using Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards regression models applied to propensity-matched patients. Results: There were no significant differences in demographics, comorbidities, clinical profile, vessel/lesion related risk factors, and hospital/physician level characteristics between BMS and PES after propensity score matching. Kaplan-Meier estimates indicated that there were significant differences between BMS and PES for 6-year all-cause mortality (BMS: 26.87%, PES: 22.0%, Log-rank P<0.001), AMI (BMS: 8.91%, PES: 8.89%, P=0.045), repeat revascularization (BMS: 34.14%, PES: 36.27%, P=0.004), and TVPCI (BMS: 15.43%, PES: 15.28%, P=0.01). After further adjustment with Cox models, PES use was associated with significantly lower occurrence of 6-year all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio : 0.74, P<0.001), AMI (AHR: 0.91, P=0.04), and TVPCI (AHR: 0.92, P=0.02) but higher occurrence of 6-year repeat revascularization (AHR: 1.08, P=0.001). The reason why BMS had lower repeat revascularization rate was because of its lower rate of repeat PCI in non-target vessels. For “off-label” and “high-risk” subgroups, PES had superior or non-inferior outcomes relative to BMS. Conclusion: Overall, PES improved clinical outcomes compared to BMS at 6 years. For each “off-label” or “high-risk” subgroup, the comparative effectiveness of PES vs BMS varied by the outcome assessed.
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Cui, Zhenmao, Renai Chen, Qiang Wu, et al. "Synthesis of Minimally Subarrayed Linear Array With Partially Clustered Array Architecture via New TVPDD Framework." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2025, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2025.3546038.
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Du, Yihao, Qiang Fan, Chaoqun Chang, et al. "Characteristics of multi-channel intermuscular directional coupling based on time-varying partial directional coherence analysis." Scientific Reports 13, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-43976-0.
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AbstractThe human body transmits directional information between muscles during upper limb movements, and this will be particularly evident when the dominant muscle changes during movement transitions. By capturing the electromyography (EMG) signals of wrist flexion and extension continuous transition movements, we investigated the characteristics of multichannel intermuscular directional coupling and directional information transmission, and consequently explored the control mechanism of Central nervous system (CNS) and the coordination mechanism of motor muscles. Multi-channel EMG was collected from 12 healthy subjects under continuous translational movements of wrist flexion and extension, and the time-varying biased directional coherence analysis (TVPDC) model was constructed using partial directional coherence analysis (PDC) frequency domain directionality to study the directional information transfer characteristics in the time–frequency domain, screen closely related muscle pairs and perform directional coupling significance analysis. Palmaris longus (PL) played a dominant role under wrist flexion movements(WF), Extensor Carpi Radialis (ECR) played a dominant role under wrist extension movements(WE), and the remaining muscles responded to them with information and Biceps Brachii (BB) played a responsive role throughout the movement; flexor pairs had the highest positive coupling values in the beta band during Conversion action1 (MC1) and WF phases, and extensor pairs had the highest positive coupling values in the gamma band during Conversion action2(MC2) phase and the highest coupling values in the beta band during WE phase. TVPDC can effectively analyze the multichannel intermuscular directional coupling and information transmission relationship of surface electromyography under wrist flexion and extension transition movements, providing a reference for exploring the control mechanism of CNS and abnormal control mechanism in patients with motor dysfunction in a new perspective.
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Bernabo, Laurena. "Copaganda and post-Floyd TVPD: broadcast television’s response to policing in 2020." Journal of Communication, July 5, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqac019.
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Abstract After George Floyd was murdered in 2020, U.S. police procedurals faced increased scrutiny with regards to the ideological implications of how police are represented. This genre has historically represented police as the “good guys,” even when they break the rules in their quest for justice, but cop shows face increased public pressure to include more diverse perspectives and stop normalizing brutality. This study examines ten U.S. police procedurals that aired in the 2020–2021 season to investigate how they navigated public calls for police reform. As a cultural forum, contemporary cop shows offered varied narrative strategies and ideological positions as they articulated the problems in modern policing, considered potential solutions for improving policing, and identified impediments to progress. This forum is ultimately quite limited in scope, reinforcing the status quo even as narratives lack resolution.
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Saleem-Talib, Shmaila, Crispijn P. R. Hoevenaars, Nadine Molitor, et al. "Leadless pacing: a comprehensive review." European Heart Journal, March 19, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf119.
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Abstract Over the past decade, leadless pacing has undergone a rapid evolution, resulting in multiple leadless pacemaker (LPM) devices that offer advancements such as atrioventricular synchronized pacing in VDD mode, atrial stimulation, dual-chamber pacing, and longer battery longevity. Studies comparing LPMs with transvenous pacemakers (TVPMs) show a lower rate of device-related complications with LPMs. In the near future, LPMs could be combined with other devices such as non-transvenous implantable cardioverter-defibrillators to provide anti-tachycardia pacing or bradycardia pacing. Future prospectives for leadless cardiac resynchronization therapy and leadless conduction system pacing are being investigated. As LPMs continue to improve, their applications are anticipated to expand further improving patient outcome, promising a bright future for leadless pacing. In this review, the past, present, and future of leadless pacing are discussed with a focus on cutting-edge implantation techniques, clinical outcomes, and modern advancements of LPMs.
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Shtembari, Jurgen, Sajog Kansakar, Azka Naeem, et al. "Abstract 4141344: Leadless Pacemaker vs. Transvenous Pacemaker in End Stage Kidney Disease: Insights from the Nationwide Readmission Database." Circulation 150, Suppl_1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.150.suppl_1.4141344.
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Background: Leadless pacemakers offer a safe and effective alternative pacing strategy, crucial for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) overcoming vascular access isues. However, there is limited data available on their use in this population. Methods: We utilized the Nationwide Readmission Database to extract data on all adult patients with ESRD who received either traditional transvenous or leadless pacemaker implantation from 2016 to 2021. We then compared in-hospital mortality, in-hospital complications, healthcare resource utilization, and 30-day readmission rates between these two groups. Results: A total of 6,384 patients (81.2%) were included in the transvenous pacemaker cohort, while 1,481 patients (18.8%) were in the leadless pacemaker cohort. In ESRD patients, leadless pacemaker implantation was associated with higher in-hospital complications compared to transvenous pacemakers, including cardiac complications (aOR 4.12, CI 1.70-9.98, p<0.01), vascular complications (aOR 3.6, CI 1.40-9.26, p=0.01), and the need for blood transfusions (aOR 1.85, CI 1.32-2.60, p<0.01). There was no difference between the cohorts in terms of in-hospital mortality and 30-day readmission rates. However, the median length of stay was longer for leadless pacemaker implantation (5 days vs. 4 days, p<0.01), and the total hospitalization charges were higher ($139,826 vs. $93,919, p<0.01). Conclusion: In conclusion, while LPM implantation in ESRD patients was associated with higher in-hospital complications and healthcare resource utilization compared to TVPM, there was no significant difference in in-hospital mortality and 30-day readmission rates. Further research is needed to understand the nature of these complications and optimize outcomes for ESRD patients undergoing LPM implantation.
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Maldonado, Noel, Brandon Doty, Kirollos Gabrah, et al. "Abstract 4115543: Safety and Efficacy of a Novel Technique for Extraction of Micra TM Leadless Pacemaker with Aveir TM Retrieval Catheter System: An Eight Case series." Circulation 150, Suppl_1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.150.suppl_1.4115543.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Leadless cardiac pacemakers (LCP) have evolved as an excellent alternative to transvenous pacemaker (TVPM) for bradycardia therapy with excellent safety and efficacy outcomes. Micra TM was the first commercially available LCP. The device attaches to the right ventricular myocardium with four Nitinol FlexFix™tines. Its inherent design poses problems with retrievability. This leads to many devices being turned off and left behind in the right ventricle at the end of its life. The Aveir retrieval catheter was recently launched as part of the Aveir family of LCP and has a tri-loop snare re-docking mechanism, steerability, and protective sleeve. Goals: We aim to show the safety and efficacy of using this novel retrieval catheter for extraction of the Micra™ LCP in lieu of abandoning the LCP in the right ventricle. Results: We present a case series of 8 successful retrievals of Micra™ LCP using the Aveir™ retrieval catheter. Four patients had the LCP removed during upgrade to cardiac resynchronization therapy and the other four had the LCP removed at the time of replacement of the LCP at device end-of-life. The mean age of the cohort was 72.6±9.4 years (62.5% female). The average age of the retrieved LCP was 4 years and 4 months with the oldest device being in place for 7 years and 7 months. Median retrieval time, defined as time from retrieval catheter in to retrieval catheter out, was 4.8±2.4 minutes. In 100% of the cases the LCP was successfully retrieved in its entirety via femoral venous access. There were no intra- or post-procedural complications, including vascular complications, pericardial effusions, right ventricular dysfunction or worsening tricuspid regurgitation. At six months follow up, patients continued to remain free of the above complications. Conclusion: This case series demonstrates the safety and feasibility of using the Aveir™ retrieval catheter for extraction of the Micra™ LCP device in lieu of abandonment. Additional studies should be considered to assess the risk and benefits of abandoning the device in the right ventricle extraction of the LCP with this novel technique. The authors acknowledge the steep learning curve associated with this procedure. Further multicenter analysis of this technique is necessary to determine its generalizability.