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Journal articles on the topic "Twelve pipes"
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Ahrens, Christian. "Richard Wagner's Twelve Organ Pipes." Galpin Society Journal 50 (March 1997): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/842572.
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Wu, Shen Chun, Jhih Huang Gao, Zih Yan Huang, Dawn Wang, Cho Jeng Huang, Hsih Shing Li, Sheng Jwu Su, and Ya Wei Lee. "Effect of Increasing Wick Evaporation Area on Heat Transfer Performance for Loop Heat Pipes." Advanced Materials Research 711 (June 2013): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.711.223.
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This study investigates the effects of increasing the evaporating area of wick in a loop heat pipe (LHP). This work attempts to improve the performance of the loop heat pipe by increasing the number of grooves and thereby the surface area of the wick. The number of grooves is increased from eight to twelve. Experimental results show that increasing the number of grooves not only increases the surface area of the wick but also enhances LHP performance. When the evaporating surface area increases by 50%, which corresponds to increasing the number of grooves from eight to twelve, the heat transfer capacity increases from 310W to 470W and the thermal resistance is reduced from 0.21°C/W to 0.17°C/W. According to preliminary measurements, increasing the number of grooves in the loop heat pipe is highly promising for improving the heat transfer performance.
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Trebuňa, František, František Šimčák, Miroslav Pástor, and Patrik Šarga. "Balancing of Forces in Segments of Axial Bearing by Dynamometers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 816 (November 2015): 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.816.437.
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The Francis turbine in water power plant station is positioned at top and bottom axial hanging bearings. During reparation work the turbine was disassembled and during assembling the adjusting segments in the hanging bearings were released. In the paper are described procedures that are necessary in order to provide correct distribution of axial forces in twelve segments of upper axial hanging bearing by strain-gages applied on elastic pipes positioned under individual bearing segments.
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Bloom, J. M. "Validation of Creep Crack Growth Life Estimation Methodology/Hot Reheat Steam Pipes." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 116, no. 3 (August 1, 1994): 331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2929597.
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This paper documents a validation study of a creep crack growth life estimation methodology developed by Riedel and Rice, Saxena, and Bassani which has been implemented into a Babcock & Wilcox computer code. This computer code called PCCREEP was developed for estimation of remaining lives of fossil power plant components with both postulated and in-service determined defects. The initial validation was performed through comparisons with other computer codes. However, these comparisons were limited to continuous operating conditions (steady-state creep) and bulk creep deformation properties for secondary creep only. Even with the independent comparison with other available life estimation codes, the question still remained of how well can the creep crack growth methodology estimate actual field lives? This paper presents the results of a study of a life estimation scheme for hot reheat steam pipes having defects found in service. The initial survey was conducted by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) of U.S. electric utility problems with hot reheat steam pipes. The primary reason for that study was three catastrophic failures of hot reheat steam pipes in 1979, 1985, and 1986. These pipes were seam-welded 1-1/4 Cr-1/2 Mo and 2-1/4 Cr-1 Mo. All these ruptures initiated from flaws (near the weld fusion line) which grew by a creep mechanism. This EPRI data base consisted of twelve pipes with flaws found from inspection. While several assumptions relating to material properties and operating conditions were required (due to insufficient information), predictions demonstrated that life estimation is possible provided material property data representative of the material condition for the component in question is available. Discussion is given regarding the significance of the postulated flaw location, constraint (stress triaxiality) effects for buried flaws, and the importance of weld metal, heat-affected zone, and base metal properties to the accuracy of the life estimations.
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Tamarkin, Elisa. "The Chestnuts of Edwin Austin Abbey: History Painting and the Transference of Culture in Turn–of–the–Century America." Prospects 24 (October 1999): 417–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300000442.
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When edwin austin abbey, with eleven other artists and all the ritual of a new male order — round table, cob pipes, stone bottles of cider — founded the Tile Club in 1877, his sobriquet was “The Chestnut.” If not boating down the Erie Canal or on holiday in Easthampton, the men would make tiles for the home, ceramic wares of Shakespeare or rustics and florals, in the style of William Morris and his decorative arts. Twenty years before Charles Eliot Norton's Society of Arts and Crafts, such Tilers as Abbey, Augustus Saint–Gaudens, and Elihu Vedder would draw on the same crafts ideal, namely, an aesthetic for hard work and the “simple” productions of artisanal labor as an antidote to urban luxury. The club would find in guild fraternalism a weekly hobby, twelve men with sardines and crackers, noms de plume and seals, to revive a handicraft seen as both republican in its ethic and fashionably medieval. If modern life meant the enervation of Veblen's foppish and leisured class, the Tile Club was an authentically male pastime.
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Harris, Nicole, Gordon Lee Gillespie, and Kermit G. Davis. "Electronic Cigarettes: Exposure to secondhand vapors at a long-term healthcare company." Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 11, no. 2 (October 15, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v11n2p1.
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Introduction: Healthcare workers in long term care settings have limited control over their occupational secondhand exposure to electronic cigarettes and other tobacco products.Methods: The study aimed to identify the perceived frequency of exposure to exhaled electronic cigarette vapor on healthcare workers within two sites of a long-term healthcare company. An online survey was completed by 149 (out of approximately 500) employees that asked about electronic cigarette personal usage, concerns for exposure, exposure times, and demographic data.Results: Twelve percent of all survey respondents expressed concerns related to second-hand exposure. Of those exposed, employee estimated exposure time was 2.1 minutes per shift for electronic cigarettes compared to 12.1 minutes per shift for cigarettes/cigars/pipes.Conclusions: Overall self-reported secondhand exposure to electronic cigarettes and cigarettes/cigars/pipes was low. To determine a definitive exposure level, quantitative sampling can be done related to chemical exposure via passive inhalation of the smoke and vapor cloud for cigarettes and electronic cigarettes, respectively. Education can be provided to healthcare workers and residents in long-term care facilities regarding risk of exposure to secondhand smoke to alleviate employees' concerns with exposure.
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Lumnwi, Modeste, Wilson Yetoh Fantong, and Samuel Ndonwi Ayonghe. "CHALLENGES OF POTABLE WATER SUPPLY MANAGEMENT IN BAFUT SUB-DIVISION, NORTH WEST REGION OF CAMEROON." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 10 (October 31, 2018): 256–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i10.2018.1192.
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Drinking water if not monitored could be a vehicle for diseases of public health concern in Bafut Sub-Division Cameroon. The present study sought to assess the challenges faced by community water supply schemes based on the evaluation of quality and quantity. This study was a cross sectional community survey marked by field survey involving mapping, discharge measurement, potable water samples collection (springs, streams, rain, wells and boreholes) and laboratory analysis. Twelve pipe born water supply schemes and thirty-eight water sources were appraised within two intervals (March-July 2015 and October 2017-March 2018). Chemical analysis was done using an Ion Chromatography and microbial analyses using the presumptive test method and standard plate count. Hospital registers were reviewed on prevalence of water borne diseases. The results showed that major challenges of water supply included; dilapidated pipes, spring inputs and climate variability. Hydro chemical faces were sodium bicarbonate and calcium chloride water types. A total Coliform count of 43 to >1100 per 100ml was recorded for March and July 2015 and 0-236Tcfu in March 2018. Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi were probably responsible for high rate of water borne diseases. There is need to develop standardize integrated water management plan in this area.
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Gill, L. W., A. Hand, and C. O'Súlleabháin. "Effective distribution of domestic wastewater effluent between percolation trenches in on-site treatment systems." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 10 (May 1, 2005): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0349.
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On-site treatment systems discharging to groundwater rely on the effective distribution of effluent across a percolation area to provide an appropriate loading rate for the subsoil. In Ireland, this is achieved in a distribution box which splits the effluent evenly between the requisite number of percolation pipes. The flow regime experienced at four different distribution boxes was monitored continuously over twelve month periods which established that the most common flow rates at the distribution unit were in the range 1–4 litres/minute for a four to five person dwelling. In addition, the average flow rate from the four sites was only 100 litres per person per day, compared to recommended design value of 180 litres per person per day. Two distribution boxes were also tested in the laboratory to assess their distribution efficiency over a range of loading rates. The most commonly installed unit was found to significantly favour two out of the four trenches and both units were shown to perform particularly poorly at a range of different off-level installation angles. Modifications to the boxes were also tested, involving plastic V-notch inserts which were shown to greatly improve the hydraulic distribution and make the unit much less sensitive to off-level installation or subsidence.
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Li, Hui, Shan Zeng, Xiwen Luo, Longyu Fang, Zhanhao Liang, and Wenwu Yang. "Design, DEM Simulation, and Field Experiments of a Novel Precision Seeder for Dry Direct-Seeded Rice with Film Mulching." Agriculture 11, no. 5 (April 21, 2021): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11050378.
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Existing devices for dry direct-seeded rice with film mulching in northern China have limitations such as imprecise sowing, unadjustable sowing depth, and seeding device blocking. In this regard, this study proposes a combined seeding method of ‘mini shovel + telescopic pipe’ for dry direct-seeded rice with film mulching. A precision seeder for dry direct-seeded rice with film mulching was developed through theoretical calculations, discrete element modelling (DEM) simulations, and field experiments. The configuration and diameter of the rollers were obtained. Twelve telescopic pipes were evenly distributed on the circumference of the roller, with a contact ratio exceeding one. This ratio reduced the slip rate of the roller effectively. Subsequently, DEM was used to develop a 33 central composite design. The response surface was established with the sowing depth as the response value. According to agronomic requirements, the sowing depth was set to 20 mm. The optimal combination of working parameters was obtained by optimizing the regression equation. The field experiments showed that the performance of the precision seeder for dry direct-seeded rice with film mulching satisfied the requirements of agricultural production, working stably and reliably. The developed device represents a useful solution for dry direct-seeded rice with film mulching.
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Nolasco, Gisele Maria Correr, Genine Moreira de Freitas Guimarães, Ricardo Bressan, Rafaella Ronchi, Carla Castiglia Gonzaga, and Adilson Yoshio Furuse. "Influence of the conditioning technique of a lithium disilicate vitroceramic." RSBO 1, no. 1 (September 13, 2018): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21726/rsbo.v1i1.586.
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Introduction: Lithium disilicate reinforced glass ceramics are materials that require good adhesion to ensure clinical success. Objective: To evaluate the bond strength of resin cements to lithium-disilicateenhanced vitroceramics using different cleaning techniques of recently conditioned ceramics. Material and methods: Twelve ceramic discs (IPS Empress II) were made and inserted into PVC pipes using acrylic resin. The ceramic surface was designed and submitted to a 10% hydrofluoric acid conditioning process for 20s. Then, the specimenswere divided into 3 groups (n = 16) according to the cleaning techniques of recently conditioned ceramics: 1) control - conventional technique (no cleaning after the conditioning process); 2) application of 37% phosphoric acid for 20s; 3) 90% ethyl alcohol bath in a ultrasound tub for 4 min. After cleaning, the silane agent was applied for 1 minute and silicon matrices (1 mm in diameter x 1 mm in height) were made for further application of the resin cement (Vitique, DMG), which was handled according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Four cylinders were prepared on each ceramic surface. The specimens were storedin distilled water for 48 hours and subjected to the micro-shear test in a universal testing machine. After the micro-shear test, a failure analysis of the specimens was performed. Data were submitted to ANOVA (analysis of variance for a criterion) with a significance level of 5%. Results: There was no significant difference between groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: the cleaning technique of the recently conditioned ceramics does not interfere with the resin/cement bond strength values
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Twelve pipes"
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Muňko, Matej. "Administrativní budova v Brně." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-391967.
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The subject of this work is a new administrative building in Brno, district Brno – Stred. The aim of this work is to create documentation for realization. Building has twelve floors, while every floor is rotated by 5° relative to the previous floor counterclokwise. Final rotation between the first and the last floor is 60°. On the first floor there is a restaurant, on the next eleven floors there are administrative spaces. Building is without basement and has a single-layer flat roof. The foundations are made from a system of piles, which co-work with the waterproof foundation slab. Whole construction system is made from cast-in-place reinforced conrete.
Books on the topic "Twelve pipes"
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Tkaczyk, Viktoria, Mara Mills, and Alexandra Hui, eds. Testing Hearing. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197511121.001.0001.
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Testing Hearing: The Making of Modern Aurality argues that the modern cultural practices of hearing and testing have emerged from a long interrelationship. Since the early nineteenth century, auditory test tools (whether organ pipes or electronic tone generators) and the results of hearing tests have fed back into instrument calibration, human training, architecture, and the creation of new musical sounds. Hearing tests received a further boost around 1900 as a result of injury compensation laws and state and professional demands for aptitude testing in schools, conservatories, the military, and other fields. Applied on a large scale, tests of seemingly small measure—of auditory acuity, of hearing range—helped redefine the modern concept of hearing as such. During the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, the epistemic function of hearing expanded. Hearing took on the dual role of test object and test instrument; in the latter case, human hearing became a gauge by which to evaluate or regulate materials, nonhuman organisms, equipment, and technological systems. This book considers both the testing of hearing and testing with hearing to explore the co-creation of modern epistemic and auditory cultures. The book’s twelve contributors trace the design of ever more specific tests for the arts, education and communication, colonial and military applications, and sociopolitical and industrial endeavors. Together, they demonstrate that testing as such became an enduring and wide-ranging cultural technique in the modern period, one that is situated between histories of scientific experimentation and many fields of application.
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Power corruption and pies: Twelve years of the best football writing from When Saturday comes. Edinburgh: Mainstream, 1999.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Twelve pipes"
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"Twelve Monkeys, or The Pipes of the Apocalypse." In Apocalypse-Cinema, 87–100. Fordham University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt163tb70.14.
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"Chapter 11 Twelve Monkeys, or The Pipes of the Apocalypse." In Apocalypse-Cinema, 87–100. Fordham University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780823264834-012.
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Lowery, Malinda Maynor. "Disposed to Fight to Their Death." In The Lumbee Indians, 42–58. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469646374.003.0003.
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When the American Revolution came to Lumbee communities, Lumbees fought for their own independence in their homes within the pines and lowlands. Indians in the Settlement—a place of twelve or fifteen square miles where Lumbee founding families lived—had their own distinct community and struggled to maintain possession of it. Two fundamental issues in the American Revolution affected Indians and Highland Scots who had settled in Indian territory: who would own the land they lived on and who would govern it. In 1775, every family had to decide whether to side with the Patriots (Whig) or Loyalists (Tory). Drowning Creek Indians remained divided on which side better served their interests. Some Lumbees acted not as allies of the British or Patriots but on their own behalf. By 1800, the Lumbees’ Settlement was known by outsiders as Scuffletown. Scuffletown residents fervently cooperated with one another, especially in church and family matters, while fiercely competing with one another to make a living and assert a political voice. Protestant Christianity and church organizations expanded rapidly through rural America, and in Scuffletown, Methodists actively recruited Indian and free black believers. As a result, Christianity became a crucial aspect of Lumbee life.
Conference papers on the topic "Twelve pipes"
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Shiogama, Yuzo, Nobuaki Kumagai, Yutaka Ando, and Toshiyuki Kuribayashi. "Study on Ultimate State of Filament Winding FRP Pipes Under Bending Force." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84417.
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To investigate of ultimate state of filament winding FRP pipe against bending force caused by earthquake, we perform four-point bending test of the FRP pipes with 1.4MPa inner water pressure. Twelve pipes with four different proportions are applied to the test. The test results show that the damaged form and strength depends on the proportion of the pipe. It is considered reasonable to set the allowable bending capacities according to size of the pipes.
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Oliveira, S. C., I. P. Pasqualino, and T. A. Netto. "Experimental Analyses of Metal-Composite Pipes Under External Pressure." In 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2006-92485.
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Metal-composite pipes are alternatives for deepwater applications where thermal insulation and structural behavior requirements must be met. They are composed by an inner metal pipe and an outer structural composite layer that provides both strength and additional insulation. In this work, the behavior of such pipes under external pressure was studied through a combination of experiments. Twelve different specimens laminated through the vacuum-bag process using aluminum for the inner pipe were manufactured. Different mechanical tests were carried out so as to determine the material properties for future numerical analyses. The effect of the metal-composite adhesion strength on the collapse pressure was investigated by experimental simulation of different interface conditions. The orientation of the fibers in the laminate was also changed in order to assess better performance under external pressure.
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Cunha, Se´rgio B., Theodoro A. Netto, Francisco Q. Neto, and Olivier S. X. Pinto. "Stress, Strain and Plastic Instability of Internally Pressurized Pipes With Axis-Symmetric and Narrow Volumetric Flaws: Analysis and Experiments." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10081.
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The mechanical behavior of internally pressurized pipes with volumetric flaws is analyzed. The two possible straining modes are identified and each is studied by means of an idealized flaw: the bending strain is associated with axis-symmetric flaws and the membrane strain to narrow axially oriented flaws. Linear elastic shell solutions for stress and strain are proposed. The plastic behavior is studied and equations for predicting the pressure at which the pipe fails by plastic instability are developed. The analytical solutions were validated by comparison with finite element simulations and burst tests on 3” diameter pipes. Two materials with very dissimilar plastic behavior, low carbon steel and austenitic stainless steel, were used on the experiments. Twenty-nine burst testes were carried out with pipe sections with axis-symmetric flaws and twelve were performed on pipe sections with narrow flaws. The analytical models for stress and strain agreed well with the numerical model, and both the analytical and the numerical predictions showed good correlation with the experimentally observed burst pressures.
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Bhardwaj, Sachin, R. M. Chandima Ratnayake, Arvind Keprate, and Xavier Ficquet. "Machine Learning Approach for Estimating Residual Stresses in Girth Welds of Topside Piping." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18703.
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Abstract Residual stresses are internal self-equilibrating stresses that remain in the component even after the removal of external load. The aforementioned stress when superimposed by the operating stresses on the offshore piping, enhance the chances of fracture failure of the components. Thus, it is vital to accurately estimate the residual stresses in topside piping while performing their fitness for service (FFS) evaluation. In the present work, residual stress profiles of girth welded topside sections of P91 pipes piping are estimate using a machine learning approach. The training and testing data for machine learning is acquired from experimental measurements database by Veqter, UK. Twelve different machine learning algorithms, namely, multi-linear regression (MLR), Random Forest (RF), Gaussian process regression (GPR), support vector regression (SVR), Gradient boosting (GB) etc. have been trained and tested. In order to compare the accuracy of the algorithms, four metrics, namely, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Estimated Variance Score (EVS), Maximum Absolute Error (AAE), and Coefficient of Determination (R^2) are used. Gradient boosting algorithm gives the best prediction of the residual stress, which is then used to estimate the residual stress for the simulated input parameter space. In the future work authors shall utilize the residual stress predictions from Gradient boosting algorithm to train the Bayesian Network, which can then be used for estimating less conservative through-thickness residual stresses distribution over a wide range of pipe geometries (radius to thickness ratio) and welding parameters (based on heat input). Furthermore, besides topside piping, the proposed approach finds its potential applications in structural integrity assessment of offshore structures, and pressure equipment’s girth welds.
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Husaini, S. Mahmood, Riyad K. Qashu, and Robert D. Blevins. "Failure of Resistance Thermometer Devices Due to Flow-Induced Vibrations." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71757.
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Resistance Thermometer Devices (RTDs) are used to monitor the temperatures in sensitive locations of process piping, such as the hot and cold legs of the primary system of pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants. The RTDs are housed in thermowells that protrude in the cold and hot leg pipes. Eight of the twelve cold leg RTDs in the San Onofre Nuclear Plant have a direct safety function in the operation of the reactor. They provide the Core Protection Calculators with two temperature measurements from each of the cold legs. During the period 1997–2004, four RTD failures occurred in the cold legs of the San Onofre Nuclear Plant. Extensive investigations showed that all of the RTD failures were caused by cracking and fracturing of the platinum wires in the sensors. There was no damage to the nozzles or thermowells of the cold leg RTDs. Also, none of the RTDs in the hot leg were damaged. These failures occurred after the Cycle 9 refueling outage, when the Reactor Coolant System thermowells were replaced due to potential cracking of the Inconel 600 material. A root cause analysis was performed to identify the reasons for the failure of the RTDs in the reactor cold leg piping. The thermowells used for both the hot and cold leg RTDs are identical. The thermowells are 11.375” (289 mm) in length. Since the thickness of the cold leg pipe is 0.75” (19.1 mm) less than the thickness of the hot leg pipe, the cold leg thermowells protrude 0.75” (19.1 mm) more into the flow stream as compared to the hot leg thermowells. The protrusion lengths of the hot and cold leg thermowells in the pipe are 2.5” (63.5 mm) and 3.25” (82.6 mm), respectively. The increased protrusion length of the thermowells in the cold leg significantly lowers their natural frequency (as compared to the hot leg thermowells), which results in vortex-induced vibrations at lower flow velocities that cause failure. Also, the increased protrusion length results in increased amplitude of vortex-induced vibration of their tip that exceeds the capability of the installed RTDs. Thus, a recommendation was made to decrease the protrusion length into the cold leg pipe from 3.25” (82.6 mm) to 2.5” (63.5 mm). Since this recommendation was implemented more than eight months ago, there have been no RTD failures in the cold legs.
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Bloemenkamp, Richard, Elia Haddad, Nadege Bize-Forest, Laetitia Comparon, and Peter Schlicht. "FIELD-TESTING A THROUGH-THE-BIT HIGH-DEFINITION ELECTRICAL BOREHOLE IMAGER FOR OIL-BASED MUD." In 2021 SPWLA 62nd Annual Logging Symposium Online. Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30632/spwla-2021-0009.
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A new, through-the-bit, ultra-slim wireline borehole-imaging tool for use in oil-based mud provides photorealistic images. The imager is designed to be conveyed through drill-pipe. At the desired well section, it exits the drill pipe through a portal drill bit and starts the logging. Field test measurements in several horizontal, unconventional wells in North America show images of fine detail with a large amount of geological information and high value for well development. A relatively new solution for conveying tools to the deepest point of a high angle or horizontal wells uses a drill bit with a portal hole at the bit face. As soon as the bit reaches the total depth, a string of logging tools is pumped down through the drill pipe. The tools exit the bit through the portal hole, arriving in the open hole and are ready for the up log. The tools operate on battery and store the log data in memory so that no cable is interfering as the drill pipe is tripped out of the well while the tools are acquiring data. The quality of wireline electrical borehole images in wells drilled with oil-based mud has significantly improved in recent years. Modern microresistivity imagers operate in the megahertz-frequency range, radiating the electromagnetic signal through the non-conductive mud column. A composite processing scheme produces high-resolution impedivity images. The new, ultra-slim borehole-imager tool uses these measurement principles and processing methods. Innovating beyond the existing tool designs the tool is now re-engineered to dimensions sufficiently slim to fit through drill pipes and to use through-the-bit logging techniques. The new, ultra-slim tool geometry proves highly reliable and, due to the deployment technique, highly effective in challenging hole conditions. The tool did not suffer any damage and showed only minute wear over more than twenty field test wells. The tool’s twelve-pad geometry provides 75% coverage in a six-inch diameter borehole and its image quality compares very well with existing larger tools. The field test of this borehole imaging tool covers all scenarios from vertical to deviated and to long-reach, horizontal wells. Geological structures, sedimentary heterogeneities, faults and fractures are imaged with detail matching benchmark wireline images. The interpretation answers allow operators of unconventional reservoirs to employ intelligent stimulation strategies based on geological reality and effective well development. A new high-frequency borehole imager for wells drilled with oil-based mud is introduced. Deployed through the drill pipe and its portal bit, the imager carries photorealistic microresistivity images into wells where conventional wireline conveyance techniques reach their limits in both practicality and viability.
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Dutt, Rathindra N., and Clarence J. Ehlers. "Set-Up of Large Diameter Driven Pipe Piles in Deepwater Normally Consolidated High Plasticity Clays." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79012.
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This paper will show on the basis of hindcast wave equation analysis that soil-pile set-up for large diameter driven pipe piles in clay is faster than what the current state-of-practice utilizes for design. Results of hindcast wave equation analyses utilizing observed blowcounts and hammer energy records from two deepwater sites, one in West Africa and the other one in the Gulf of Mexico, are presented to support this conclusion. For offshore structures, this increase in the rate of soil-pile set-up reduces foundation/anchor costs or reduces the waiting time until topsides can be set on the structure or mooring lines can be hooked up to anchors. Hindcast wave equation analyses were performed utilizing the observed blowcount and hammer energy information from two deepwater West Africa and Gulf of Mexico locations where pile driving was stopped and then restarted after a few days. This is a trial and error method of analysis where the soil resistance to driving (SRD) was varied until a good match was obtained between the observed blowcount at the startup of driving and the reported hammer energy using the GRLWEAP wave equation program. The set-up time for the piles ranged from about one to twelve (12) days and the piles ranged from 2134 mm to 2743 mm diameter open-ended pipe piles. The soils generally consisted of normally to slightly overconsolidated highly plastic clays. For the purpose of computing pile set-up, the ultimate pile capacity was computed using the API RP 2A (2000) guidelines. Results show that 60 to 80 percent of the ultimate pile capacity is mobilized in about 7 days, and the extrapolation of the set-up model suggests that the set-up is almost complete in about 60 days.
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Lydell, Bengt, Eric Mathet, and Karen Gott. "OECD Pipe Failure Data Exchange Project (OPDE): 2003 Status Report." In 12th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone12-49217.
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Established in 2002 as a three-year multilateral cooperation in the collection and analysis of data relating to pipe failure events, the OPDE project currently is supported by eighteen organizations from twelve member countries of the Nuclear Energy Agency of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD-NEA). Objectives of the OPDE are to collect and analyze pipe failure data to promote a better understanding of underlying causes of failure, observed and potential impact on plant operations and safety, and prevention. The data analysis includes characterization of pipe failure events by reliability attributes and influence factors to facilitate the estimation of piping reliability parameters. With emphasis on data validity and quality, during the first year of operation a coding format has been developed to ensure consistent interpretation and applications. This paper represents an abbreviated 2003 status report and an overview of the project organization and objectives.
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Duignan, Mark R., Marissa M. Reigel, Kenneth J. Imrich, Michael L. Restivo, and Mark D. Fowley. "Wear Rate to Stainless Steel Pipe From Liquid-Solid Slurry." In ASME 2016 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2016 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2016-1049.
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The United States Department of Energy is building a Waste Treatment Plant (WTP) at the DOE Hanford Site in the state of Washington to process stored radioactive wastes for long-term storage and disposal. The Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) is helping resolve technical concerns with the WTP, which are related to piping erosion/corrosion (wear). SRNL is assisting in the design of a flow loop to obtain long term wear that will use prototypic simulant chemistry, operating conditions, and materials for total wear rate. The challenge is to accurately measure slurry wear to a pipe wall thickness tolerance of ∼47 microns/year anywhere in the test flow loop in a timely manner. To help in the design of the flow loop a test was performed with a smaller loop, which contained many of the pipe fittings expected in WTP to determine where high wear locations exist. One aspect of this test was to understand the rate of wear to straight pipe and to protrusions from the surface of the pipe. Initially, wear to straight pipe was studied because wear in other flow loop situations, e.g., around bends, through tees, etc. will be higher. To measure such low wear rates requires sensitive measurement techniques. To that end, twelve wear coupons were placed in one section of the pipe system and at different protrusion heights into the flow stream. They were made of 316L stainless steel, which is the expected material of pipe to be utilized. From the wear coupons, an estimate of wear rate was obtained, as well as illustrating when a protrusion above a pipe surface no longer disturbs the flow streams with respect to slurry wear. It appears when a surface is just above the laminar sublayer it produces a wear rate equivalent to a surface with no protrusions. The slurry was a mixture of water and 30 wt% of sand, d50 ∼ 200 microns. The test flow conditions were a velocity of 4 m/s in a 0.07793-m inside diameter (3-inch, Schedule 40) pipe system, resulting in Reynolds number just above 3 × 105, i.e., turbulent flow at a temperature of 25°C. The wear was to a vertically oriented straight section of pipe that was 1.86 meter long. The twelve wear coupons were located on the inside surface starting from 10 diameters from the pipe entrance to 21 diameters, with a separation of 1-pipe diameter between each successive coupon. Furthermore, each set of two adjacent coupons were rotated 180 degrees apart which were then rotated 30 degrees from the next set to minimize disturbance to the flow for the downstream coupon. This paper describes the wear rates obtained, the effect of increasing a wear coupon’s protrusion into the flow stream, and the overall operation of the test apparatus.
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Viglaski, Tom, Andrei Blahoianu, Bengt Lydell, and Jovica Riznic. "The OECD Pipe Failure Data Exchange Project: Validation of Canadian Data." In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89176.
Full textAbstract:
Structural integrity of piping systems is important to plant safety and operability. Information on degradation and failure of piping components and systems is collected and evaluated by regulatory agencies, international organizations (e.g., OECD/NEA and IAEA) and industry organizations worldwide to establish systematic feedback to reactor regulation and research and development programs associated with non-destructive examination (NDE) technology, in-service inspection (ISI) programs, leak-before-break evaluations, risk-informed ISI, and probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) applications involving passive component reliability. In 2002, the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) of the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) has initiated an international pipe failure data collection and exchange project. The OECD Pipe Failure Data Exchange (OPDE) Project has been established to encourage multilateral co-operation in the collection and analysis of data relating to pipe failure events in commercial nuclear power plants. At present, the database contains 3644 records to which twelve participating countries contributed. This paper presents a brief description of the ODPE project objectives and work scope, as well as the Canadian contribution on data validation with respect to development and application of the pipe failure data collection on which OPDE is based. It gives a number of tables and figures that can be obtained from these records, with selected data ranging from a very broad (i.e. level of participation in the database from each member country), to very specific (i.e. plant operational state at time of pipe failure discovery for CANDU reactors).