Journal articles: 'TWLTL'

1

García, Ricardo, Didier Valdés, and Alberto M. Figueroa-Medina. "Evaluation of the Effectiveness on the Implementation of a Two-Way Left-Turn Lane with Educational Material in Highway PR-107 using a Driving Simulator." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 9 (May 7, 2019): 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119843263.

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The road diet concept has been implemented around the United States for more than three decades. Road diets are at the early stages of implementation in Puerto Rico and the use of a Two-Way Left Turn Lane (TWLTL) will be a new and unfamiliar design for local drivers. For this reason, the effectiveness of a TWLTL was evaluated using a driving simulator with local drivers for a segment of highway PR-107 in Puerto Rico. This highway is a suburban commercial corridor without access control that had a 67% increase in crashes between 2015 and 2016. This highway was selected because of its large number of left-turn maneuvers and more than 40% of the total crashes were rear-end type crashes. The University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez Driving Simulator was used to evaluate drivers’ performance by observing vehicle speeds and positions along two simulated road scenarios: 1) the existing cross-section and 2) a modified cross-section with a TWLTL. Subjects were divided into two groups: 1) subjects who received training about the correct operation on a TWLTL before the simulation runs and 2) subjects who did not receive any prior training. The results indicate a positive effect of the educational material on driver behavior. Subjects who received training about the TWLTL showed a 66% increase in maneuver improvement, less variability in the position at which they entered the TWLTL, and lower variance of the mean speed than those who did not receive TWLTL training before driving through the simulation.

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Ma, Wanjing, Li Li, and Zhizhou Wu. "Investigation of the performance of two-way left-turn lane on roads with staggered intersections." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 41, no. 12 (December 2014): 1005–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2014-0161.

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A simulation based on VISSIM and its external driver model dynamic link library (DLL) was used to investigate the efficiency and safety of a two-way left-turn lane (TWLTL) on roads with staggered intersections (SIs). The impacts of traffic volume, ratio of left-turn vehicles, and stagger distance on SIs and conventional cross intersection (CI) were simulated with the following results: (1) SIs with stagger distance shorter than 200 m show few advantages in terms of average delay over a CI irrespective of traffic volume and left-turn ratio; (2) In contrast, SIs with stagger distance longer than 200 m show advantages that, however, disappear with an increase in traffic volume and left-turn ratio; and (3) SIs show a significantly higher number of traffic conflicts than CIs, indicating that they have more serious safety problems. These results should help traffic researchers and practitioners decide whether it is feasible to establish SIs on existing roadways with TWLTLs and the appropriate stagger distance for SIs, as well as whether it is appropriate to change a road that has dense SIs into a TWLTL cross section.

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Bonneson, James A., and Patrick T. Mccoy. "Effect of Median Treatment on Urban Arterial Safety: An Accident Prediction Model." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1581, no. 1 (January 1997): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1581-04.

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The development of a model for predicting the safety of an urban arterial street with a specified median treatment is described. The median treatments considered are raised-curb median, two-way left-turn lane (TWLTL), and undivided cross section. The model calibration was based on maximum-likelihood techniques, an assumed negative binomial distribution of the residuals, and a nonlinear relationship between accident frequency and daily traffic demand and segment length. Several conclusions were formulated on the basis of the model developed. One conclusion is that average daily traffic demand, driveway density, unsignalized public street approach density, median type, and adjacent land use are significantly correlated with accident frequency. In general, accidents are more frequent on street segments with higher traffic demands, driveway densities, or public street densities. Accidents are also more frequent when the land use is business or office as opposed to residential or industrial. The undivided cross section was shown to have a significantly higher accident frequency than the TWLTL or raisedcurb median treatment when parallel parking is allowed on the undivided street. When there is no parking allowed on either type of street, the difference between the undivided, TWLTL, and raised-curb median treatments is less distinct; however, the raised-curb median treatment tends to yield the lowest accident frequency in most situations.

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Lee, Ji-Sun, and Chi-Hyun Shin. "Microscopic Study on the Warrants for TWLTL Based on the DHV." Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems 13, no. 5 (October 30, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.12815/kits.2014.13.5.001.

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Kim, Kyung Min, Mitsuru Saito, Grant G. Schultz, and Dennis L. Eggett. "Evaluating Safety Impacts of Access Management Alternatives with the Surrogate Safety Assessment Model." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 17 (May 14, 2018): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118773505.

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In a traditional safety impact analysis, it is necessary to have crash data on existing roadway conditions and a few years must pass before accumulating additional crash data to evaluate the safety impact of an improvement. This is a time-consuming approach and there remains uncertainty in the crash data integrity. The surrogate safety assessment model (SSAM) was developed for resolving these issues. With SSAM, a conflict analysis is performed in a simulated environment. A planned improvement alternative is modeled and no physical installation of the alternative is needed. This study evaluated if SSAM can be used to assess the safety of a highway segment in terms of the number and type of conflicts and to compare the safety effects of multiple access management alternatives. An evaluation of the effect of converting a two-way left-turn lane (TWLTL) into a raised median on a section of an urban street was performed using SSAM working on VISSIM simulation’s trajectory files. The analysis showed that a raised median would be much safer than a TWLTL median for the same level of traffic volume, with approximately 32 to 50 percent reduction in the number of crossing conflicts. The analysis showed that about 34,000 to 38,000 veh/day would be the demand level where the median conversion is recommended for the four-lane study section. The study concluded that the combination of a simulation software program with SSAM could be a viable surrogate analysis approach for evaluating and comparing the safety effects of multiple access management alternatives.

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Eisele, William L., and William E. Frawley. "Estimating the Safety and Operational Impact of Raised Medians and Driveway Density." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1931, no. 1 (January 2005): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105193100114.

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This paper describes research sponsored by the Texas Department of Transportation to investigate the operational and safety impact of raised medians and driveway consolidation. Operational effects (travel time, speed, and delay) were investigated through microsimulation on three field test corridors and three theoretical corridors. Safety effects were investigated along 11 test corridors to estimate relationships between crash rates and access point densities as well as the presence of raised medians or two-way left-turn lanes (TWLTLs). The research demonstrates that access management effects are case specific and that microsimulation can assess these unique operational effects. For the case studies investigated, replacing a TWLTL with a raised median resulted in an increase in travel time on two test corridors and a decrease on one test corridor. Small increases in travel time were found with the theoretical corridors as well. The travel time differences are based on the traffic level and location and number of the raised median openings. When present, the relatively small increases in travel time, and subsequent speed and delay, appear to be outweighed by the reduction in the number of conflict points and increased safety. Detailed crash analysis on 11 test corridors indicated that as access point density increases, crash rates increase. This trend holds regardless of the median type. For test corridors in which crash data were investigated before and after the raised median installation, a reduction in the crash rate was always found. Finally, future research needs are identified, including the need to investigate operational and safety impact over a broader range of geometric conditions and longer corridors than investigated here.

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Chimba, Deo, Emmanuel Masindoki, Xiaoming Li, and Casey Langford. "Safety Evaluation of Freight Intermodal Connectors in Tennessee State." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 3 (March 2019): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119834906.

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This paper evaluates the traffic safety along freight intermodal connectors (FICs), which are also known as “first mile/last mile roadways,” connecting facilities that link freight-intensive land uses to main freight routes. Using Tennessee’s FICs as a case study, the paper digests the safety with reference to crash frequency, crash rates, and statistical significance of attributing traffic and geometric factors. It was found that connectors leading to pipeline terminals have high crash rates (almost double) compared with other type of terminals, whereas port terminal connectors have the lowest safety problem indices. The study established correlative contributing causes of crash frequencies and rates along FICs that included average annual daily traffic, lanes, shoulders, access, and median types. Traffic signal density was found to strongly and significantly affect the probability of crashes, together with the presence of a two-way left-turn lane (TWLTL), which surprisingly tends to decrease the probability of crashes along these connectors. The presence of shoulders along intermodal connectors was found to help reduce the probability of crashes, whereas the presence of curb and gutter tends to increase crash frequency. Analysis indicated that most of the FICs with high crash rates were also operating at a lower traffic operations level of service (LOS), especially for critical movements toward freight facilities because of high truck volumes.

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Xing, Jian, Tadahisa Muramatsu, Hidenori Goto, and Daisuke Yamaguchi. "Impact Evaluation of Wire Rope Installation on Two-Way Two-Lane Expressways." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 2 (February 2019): 637–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119825646.

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To effectively develop road networks under budgetary and time constraints, high-standard arterial expressways in Japan incorporate dual four-lane roads with provisional two-way two-lane (TWTL) sections in areas of low traffic demand. In the majority of TWTL sections, rubber poles are used to partially separate inbound and outbound lanes, but safety risks, including head-on collisions resulting from lane departures into an opposite-direction lane, are considered problematic. To urgently address this situation, wire ropes were installed along some road sections nationwide to verify their effectiveness in preventing head-on collisions. This paper presents a multifaceted evaluation study of the effectiveness of wire ropes on TWTL sections, including drivability, maintainability, and effectiveness in accident prevention.

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Horta, Thiago Andrade Goulart, Danilo Reis Coimbra, Renato Miranda, Francisco Zacaron Werneck, and Maurício Gattás Bara Filho. "A carga interna de treinamento é diferente entre atletas de voleibol titulares e reservas? Um estudo de caso." Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance 19, no. 4 (November 7, 2017): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2017v19n4p395.

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2017v19n4p395 The same training stimulus can provide different physiological adaptations for athletes of the same team. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze and compare the load training of starters and nonstarters players, athletes of a men’s volleyball team at different times of the season. The sample consisted of fifteen men’s volleyball superleague athletes who were divided into two groups of starters and nonstarters players. The training load of the ten weeks of the team’s preparation period for the main championship season in which no games were performed was selected for the study. The method of subjective perceived of effort (session-RPE) proposed by Foster et al. (2001) was used to quantify the training load. The group of starters players had higher total weekly training load (TWTL) and RPE values in the average of the ten weeks of training (p<0.05). Higher TWTL values for starters players in the preparatory and pre-competitive period compared to nonstarters players was also demonstrated (p<0.05). When different weeks were analyzed separately, weeks three and seven presented higher TWTL and RPE values for starters players compared with nonstarters players (p<0.05). The results presented in this study showed that starters players showed greater internal training load compared to nonstarters players.

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Peterson, Ryan, Ali Tevfik Buyukkocak, Derya Aksaray, and Yasin Yazıcıoğlu. "Distributed safe planning for satisfying minimal temporal relaxations of TWTL specifications." Robotics and Autonomous Systems 142 (August 2021): 103801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2021.103801.

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Jones, Gwynfor Pierce, and David Longley. "A Slate Saw Mill at Twll Coed Slate Quarry in the Nantlle Valley, Gwynedd." Industrial Archaeology Review 31, no. 2 (November 2009): 134–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/030907209x12501949543395.

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Al-Zerjawi, Ahlam K., Hamid A. Al-Jameel, and Sajad A. Zagroot. "Traffic Characteristics of Two-WayTwo-Lane (TWTL) Highway in Iraq: Al-Mishkhab Road As A Case Study." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 888 (August 1, 2020): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/888/1/012030.

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Horta, Thiago Andrade Goulart, Pedro Henrique Prazeres de Lima, Guilherme Garcia Matta, Jefferson Verbena de Freitas, Bernardo Miloski Dias, Jeferson Macedo Vianna, Heglison Custodio Toledo, Renato Miranda, Thiago Ferreira Timoteo, and Maurício Gattás Bara Filho. "TRAINING LOAD IMPACT ON RECOVERY STATUS IN PROFESSIONAL VOLLEYBALL ATHLETES." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 26, no. 2 (April 2020): 158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220202602209364.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: The success of training depends on the balance between training load magnitude and recovery. Objective: Verify the effect of training load distribution on recovery status, vigor and fatigue in volleyball players during a season. Methods: Nine male athletes from a professional volleyball team participated in the study. During 19 weeks of the season, quantification of the training load was performed through the session rating of perceived exertion (RPE) method, evaluation of the athletes' recovery status through the Total Quality Recovery (TQR) scale, and evaluation of the profile of mood state through the POMS questionnaire, with research focus for the subscales vigor and fatigue. Results: The average total weekly training load (TWTL) was 3206 ± 685.5 A. Us and the average recovery of the whole season was 15.3 ± 0.57. The mean values of fatigue and vigor were 11 ± 3.05 and 19.4 ± 2.84, respectively. Significant differences were found for the variables RPE, fatigue and Energy Index (Vigor - Fatigue) in the three different periods of the season (Preparatory Period, Competitive Period I and Competitive Period II). Conclusion: It was concluded that the training load and recovery monitoring methods used throughout the season were effective in controlling the variables, with a positive impact of training loads verified on the recovery values presented by the athletes. Level of Evidence III; Diagnostic study.

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Shishegar, Nastaran, and Mohamed Boubekri. "TUNING ENVIRONMENTAL LIGHTING TO IMPROVE SLEEP QUALITY AND COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE IN OLDER ADULTS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S659—S660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2443.

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Abstract Sleep is important for memory consolidation, hence the disruption of normal sleep patterns as a result of age-related changes in the circadian system could be one of the contributors to memory impairment among older adults. It is now well-established that light is the main environmental element that synchronizes circadian rhythms. An appropriate lighting condition can be considered as a non-pharmacological solution to improve the sleep quality of individuals and consequently their overall health and well-being. The present study investigates the effectiveness of two proposed whole-day lighting interventions (L1 and L2) applied by Tunable White Lighting Technology (TWLT) on sleep quality and cognitive performance in older adults. Both lighting interventions provide a high illuminance level (500 lux) in the morning and then the illumination is dimmed gradually throughout the day and reached 100 lux in the evening. However, while L1 offers a constant Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) of 2700K, during the L2 intervention, the CCT is changing in the range of 6500K – 2700K from morning towards evening. Fifteen healthy older adults (mean age = 73.2 years; 12F) participated in a 41-day counterbalanced crossover study. Participants were exposed to each lighting condition for 9 days. Actigraphy, standard questionnaires (PROMIS and PSQI), and tests (Trail Making Test (TMT) A & B and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST)) were employed to measure sleep quality and cognitive performance before, during, and after lighting interventions. Significant improvements in sleep quality and cognitive performance were found for both lighting interventions with better outcomes for L2.

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Alluri, Priyanka, Albert Gan, and Kirolos Haleem. "Safety Impacts of Converting Two-Way Left-Turn Lanes to Raised Medians and Associated Design Concerns." Journal of the Transportation Research Forum, June 1, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5399/osu/jtrf.55.2.4361.

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Raised medians and two-way left-turn lanes (TWLTLs) are the two most common types of median treatments on arterial streets. This paper aims to conduct a detailed study on the safety impacts of conversion from TWLTLs to raised medians on state roads in Florida. In addition, the study also investigated several potential safety concerns related to raised medians on state roads, including crashes at median openings, vehicles directly hitting the median curb, and median crossover crashes. Based on data availability, 17.51 miles of urban arterial sections in Florida that were converted from TWLTLs to raised medians were analyzed. Police reports of all the crashes before and after median conversion were reviewed to correct miscoded crash types and obtain additional detailed crash information. Overall, a 28.5% reduction in total crash rate was observed after the 10 study locations were converted from TWLTLs to raised medians. The reductions in the proportions of left-turn and right-turn crashes were statistically significant, while the changes in the proportions of other crash types were not statistically significant. Furthermore, the crash data did not show evidence that raised medians are an additional hazard compared with TWLTLs.

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Journal articles on the topic 'TWLTL'

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