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Journal articles on the topic 'Two-Alternative Forced-Choice task'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Vich, C., K. Dunovan, T. Verstynen, and J. Rubin. "Corticostriatal synaptic weight evolution in a two-alternative forced choice task: a computational study." Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation 82 (March 2020): 105048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cnsns.2019.105048.

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Chancel, Marie, and H. Henrik Ehrsson. "Which hand is mine? Discriminating body ownership perception in a two-alternative forced-choice task." Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 82, no. 8 (2020): 4058–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-020-02107-x.

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Abstract The experience of one’s body as one’s own is referred to as the sense of body ownership. This central part of human conscious experience determines the boundary between the self and the external environment, a crucial distinction in perception, action, and cognition. Although body ownership is known to involve the integration of signals from multiple sensory modalities, including vision, touch, and proprioception, little is known about the principles that determine this integration process, and the relationship between body ownership and perception is unclear. These uncertainties stem

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CHO, R. Y., L. E. NYSTROM, E. T. BROWN, et al. "Mechanisms underlying dependencies of performance on stimulus history in a two-alternative forced-choice task." Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience 2, no. 4 (2002): 283–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/cabn.2.4.283.

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Stadthagen-González, Hans, Luis López, M. Carmen Parafita Couto, and C. Alejandro Párraga. "Using two-alternative forced choice tasks and Thurstone’s law of comparative judgments for code-switching research." Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 8, no. 1 (2017): 67–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.16030.sta.

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Abstract This article argues that 2-alternative forced choice tasks and Thurstone’s law of comparative judgments (Thurstone, 1927) are well suited to investigate code-switching competence by means of acceptability judgments. We compare this method with commonly used Likert scale judgments and find that the 2-alternative forced choice task provides granular details that remain invisible in a Likert scale experiment. In order to compare and contrast both methods, we examined the syntactic phenomenon usually referred to as the Adjacency Condition (AC) (apud Stowell, 1981), which imposes a conditi

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Soma, Shogo, Naofumi Suematsu, and Satoshi Shimegi. "Efficient training protocol for rapid learning of the two-alternative forced-choice visual stimulus detection task." Physiological Reports 2, no. 7 (2014): e12060. http://dx.doi.org/10.14814/phy2.12060.

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Lapid, Einat, Rolf Ulrich, and Thomas Rammsayer. "Comparisons of Two Variants of the Method of Constant Stimuli for Estimating Difference Thresholds." Swiss Journal of Psychology 68, no. 4 (2009): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185.68.4.189.

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The two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) and the reminder tasks are variants of the method of constant stimuli. One or the other task is usually employed for estimating the difference limen (DL) in psychophysical research. Lapid, Ulrich, and Rammsayer (2008) found that the 2AFC task yields larger DLs than the reminder task for duration discrimination judgments. The results of the present paper confirm that this discrepancy also generalizes to discrimination judgments about nontemporal, visual information (Experiment 1: Random dot pattern discrimination; Experiment 2: Line-length discrimination

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Mayrhofer, Johannes M., Vida Skreb, Wolfger von der Behrens, Simon Musall, Bruno Weber, and Florent Haiss. "Novel two-alternative forced choice paradigm for bilateral vibrotactile whisker frequency discrimination in head-fixed mice and rats." Journal of Neurophysiology 109, no. 1 (2013): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00488.2012.

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Rats and mice receive a constant bilateral stream of tactile information with their large mystacial vibrissae when navigating in their environment. In a two-alternative forced choice paradigm (2-AFC), head-fixed rats and mice learned to discriminate vibrotactile frequencies applied simultaneously to individual whiskers on the left and right sides of the snout. Mice and rats discriminated 90-Hz pulsatile stimuli from pulsatile stimuli with lower repetition frequencies (10–80 Hz) but with identical kinematic properties in each pulse. Psychometric curves displayed an average perceptual threshold

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Stanislaw, Harold. "Effect of Type of Task and Number of Inspectors on Performance of an Industrial Inspection-Type Task." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37, no. 1 (1995): 182–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/001872095779049552.

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Two hundred forty subjects working alone and in pairs performed three different versions of a task similar to industrial inspection: a rating task and spatial and temporal two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) tasks. Performance was worse on the rating task than on the 2AFC tasks, and the spatial and temporal 2AFC tasks were performed equally well. These results could signify that performance is impaired more by demands made on long-term memory than by demands made on perception and sensory memory, or that asking subjects to compare items is fundamentally different from, and easier than, asking

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Meade, Gabriela, Katherine J. Midgley, Ton Dijkstra, and Phillip J. Holcomb. "Cross-language Neighborhood Effects in Learners Indicative of an Integrated Lexicon." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 30, no. 1 (2018): 70–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01184.

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This study examined how acquisition of novel words from an unknown language (L2) is influenced by their orthographic similarity with existing native language (L1) words in beginning adult learners. Participants were tested in a two-alternative forced-choice recognition task and a typing production task as they learned to associate 80 L2 (pseudo)words with pictures depicting their meanings. There was no effect of L1 orthographic neighborhood density on accuracy in the two-alternative forced-choice task, but typing accuracy was higher for L2 words with many L1 neighbors in the earliest stages of

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Titze, Corinna, Martin Heil, and Petra Jansen. "Gender Differences in the Mental Rotations Test (MRT) Are Not Due to Task Complexity." Journal of Individual Differences 29, no. 3 (2008): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001.29.3.130.

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Gender differences are one of the main topics in mental rotation research. This paper focuses on the influence of the performance factor task complexity by using two versions of the Mental Rotations Test (MRT). Some 300 participants completed the test without time constraints, either in the regular version or with a complexity reducing template creating successive two-alternative forced-choice tasks. Results showed that the complexity manipulation did not affect the gender differences at all. These results were supported by a sufficient power to detect medium effects. Although performance fact

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Pritchett, Lisa M., and Richard F. Murray. "Classification images reveal decision variables and strategies in forced choice tasks." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 23 (2015): 7321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1422169112.

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Despite decades of research, there is still uncertainty about how people make simple decisions about perceptual stimuli. Most theories assume that perceptual decisions are based on decision variables, which are internal variables that encode task-relevant information. However, decision variables are usually considered to be theoretical constructs that cannot be measured directly, and this often makes it difficult to test theories of perceptual decision making. Here we show how to measure decision variables on individual trials, and we use these measurements to test theories of perceptual decis

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BISHOP, D. V. M., C. V. ADAMS, K. NATION, and S. ROSEN. "Perception of transient nonspeech stimuli is normal in specific language impairment: Evidence from glide discrimination." Applied Psycholinguistics 26, no. 2 (2005): 175–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716405050137.

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Twenty 9- to 12-year-olds with specific language impairment (SLI) were compared with 18 age-matched controls on auditory discrimination tasks, using a three-interval, two-alternative forced-choice format. The first task used minimal word pairs in silence and in noise. Nonspeech tasks involved discriminating direction of frequency glides and had two versions: (a) the glide moved from 500 to 1500 Hz, and duration was adaptively decreased; (b) all glides lasted 250 ms, and the frequency range was adaptively modified until a threshold was reached. Control and SLI groups did not differ on the glide

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Voormann, Anne, Annelie Rothe-Wulf, Jeffrey J. Starns, and Karl Christoph Klauer. "Does speed of recognition predict two-alternative forced-choice performance? Replicating and extending Starns, Dubé, and Frelinger (2018)." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 74, no. 1 (2020): 122–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021820963033.

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Does the speed of single-item recognition errors predict performance in subsequent two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) trials that include an item with a previous error response? Starns, Dubé, and Frelinger found effects of this kind in two experiments and accounted for them in terms of continuous memory-strength signal guiding recognition decisions. However, the effects of error speed might just as well only reflect an artefact due to an error-correction strategy that uses response latency as a heuristic cue to guide 2AFC responses, elicited through confounding factors in their experimental

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Liu, Yuan Sophie, Philip Holmes, and Jonathan D. Cohen. "A Neural Network Model of the Eriksen Task: Reduction, Analysis, and Data Fitting." Neural Computation 20, no. 2 (2008): 345–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.2007.08-06-313.

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We analyze a neural network model of the Eriksen task: a two-alternative forced-choice task in which subjects must correctly identify a central stimulus and disregard flankers that may or may not be compatible with it. We linearize and decouple the model, deriving a reduced drift-diffusion process with variable drift rate that describes the accumulation of net evidence in favor of either alternative, and we use this to analytically describe how accuracy and response time data depend on model parameters. Such analyses both assist parameter tuning in network models and suggest explanations of ch

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Trainor, Laurel J., and Sandra E. Trehub. "The Development of Referential Meaning in Music." Music Perception 9, no. 4 (1992): 455–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40285565.

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We explored the development of children's ability to relate musical forms to extramusical concepts. In Experiment 1, we presented four excerpts from Prokofiev's Peter and the Wolf and asked 4-and 6-yearold children to match each excerpt to a picture of a wolf, bird, cat, or duck (four-alternative forced choice). Children matched appropriate animal pictures to musical excerpts significantly better than chance but identified the wolf and bird more readily than the cat and duck excerpts. In Experiment 2, 3-year-olds participated in a simplified version of the task (two-alternative forced choice).

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Mitsuda, Takashi, and Yuichi Yoshioka. "Final Sampling Bias in Haptic Judgments: How Final Touch Affects Decision-Making." Perception 47, no. 1 (2017): 90–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006617735003.

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When people make a choice between multiple items, they usually evaluate each item one after the other repeatedly. The effect of the order and number of evaluating items on one’s choices is essential to understanding the decision-making process. Previous studies have shown that when people choose a favorable item from two items, they tend to choose the item that they evaluated last. This tendency has been observed regardless of sensory modalities. This study investigated the origin of this bias by using three experiments involving two-alternative forced-choice tasks using handkerchiefs. First,

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Seirafi, Mehrdad, Peter De Weerd, and Beatrice de Gelder. "Suppression of Face Perception during Saccadic Eye Movements." Journal of Ophthalmology 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/384510.

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Lack of awareness of a stimulus briefly presented during saccadic eye movement is known as saccadic omission. Studying the reduced visibility of visual stimuli around the time of saccade—known as saccadic suppression—is a key step to investigate saccadic omission. To date, almost all studies have been focused on the reduced visibility of simple stimuli such as flashes and bars. The extension of the results from simple stimuli to more complex objects has been neglected. In two experimental tasks, we measured the subjective and objective awareness of a briefly presented face stimuli during sacca

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Sanders, Joshua I., and Adam Kepecs. "Choice ball: a response interface for two-choice psychometric discrimination in head-fixed mice." Journal of Neurophysiology 108, no. 12 (2012): 3416–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00669.2012.

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The mouse is an important model system for investigating the neural circuits mediating behavior. Because of advances in imaging and optogenetic methods, head-fixed mouse preparations provide an unparalleled opportunity to observe and control neural circuits. To investigate how neural circuits produce behavior, these methods need to be paired with equally well-controlled and monitored behavioral paradigms. Here, we introduce the choice ball, a response device that enables two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) tasks in head-fixed mice based on the readout of lateral paw movements. We demonstrate

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Merritt, Brandon, and Tessa Bent. "Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Naturalness in Speakers of Varying Gender Identities." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 63, no. 7 (2020): 2054–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_jslhr-19-00337.

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate how speech naturalness relates to masculinity–femininity and gender identification (accuracy and reaction time) for cisgender male and female speakers as well as transmasculine and transfeminine speakers. Method Stimuli included spontaneous speech samples from 20 speakers who are transgender (10 transmasculine and 10 transfeminine) and 20 speakers who are cisgender (10 male and 10 female). Fifty-two listeners completed three tasks: a two-alternative forced-choice gender identification task, a speech naturalness rating task, and a masculinity

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Lin, Jia, and Guomei Zhou. "Chinese Aesthetic Mask: Three Forehead and Five Eyes—Holistic Processing and Facial Attractiveness." Perception 50, no. 6 (2021): 540–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03010066211015542.

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Human face processing has been attributed to holistic processing. Here, we ask whether humans are sensitive to configural information when perceiving facial attractiveness. By referring to a traditional Chinese aesthetic theory—Three Forehead and Five Eyes—we generated a series of faces that differed in spacing between facial features. We adopted a two-alternative forced-choice task in Experiment 1 and a rating task in Experiment 2 to assess attractiveness. Both tasks showed a consistent result: The faces which fit the Chinese aesthetic theory were chosen or rated as most attractive. This effe

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Gingins, Simon, Fanny Marcadier, Sharon Wismer, et al. "The performance of cleaner wrasse, Labroides dimidiatus, in a reversal learning task varies across experimental paradigms." PeerJ 6 (May 9, 2018): e4745. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4745.

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Testing performance in controlled laboratory experiments is a powerful tool for understanding the extent and evolution of cognitive abilities in non-human animals. However, cognitive testing is prone to a number of potential biases, which, if unnoticed or unaccounted for, may affect the conclusions drawn. We examined whether slight modifications to the experimental procedure and apparatus used in a spatial task and reversal learning task affected performance outcomes in the bluestreak cleaner wrasse, Labroides dimidiatus (hereafter “cleaners”). Using two-alternative forced-choice tests, fish h

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Heil, Martin, Markus Krüger, Horst Krist, Scott P. Johnson, and David S. Moore. "Adults’ Sex Difference in a Dynamic Mental Rotation Task." Journal of Individual Differences 39, no. 1 (2018): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000248.

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Abstract. With the Mental Rotation Test (MRT), large and reliable sex differences are found. Used with children younger than about 9 or 10 years, MRT performance is at chance level. Simpler tasks used with younger children have revealed inconclusive results. Moore and Johnson (2008 , 2011 ) observed sex differences in infants using a habituation task with 3D cube figures rotating back and forth in depth through a 240° angle. Thereafter, female infants treated similarly the original figure and a mirror-image cube figure presented revolving through the previously unseen 120° angle, whereas male

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Schwark, Gayle, Stephen Rice, Lisa Busche, and David Trafimow. "Recognizing the Role of Consistency in a Delayed Memory Task." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60, no. 1 (2016): 1155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601270.

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Past research on short-term memory decay has found that participants are more efficient at remembering information when the delay between stimuli presentation and recall is short as opposed to long. In the current study we used Potential Performance Theory (PPT) to identify the role that both random and systematic factors play in observed memory performance over a delay. We presented participants with a string of letters followed by either a 2-second or 16-second delay. Following the delay, participants were presented with a two alternative forced choice (2AFC) display where they were asked to

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Lee, Anthony J., Jessica K. De La Mare, Hannah R. Moore, and Pamela C. Umeh. "Preference for Facial Symmetry Depends on Study Design." Symmetry 13, no. 9 (2021): 1637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13091637.

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Facial symmetry is purportedly attractive, though methods for measuring preference for facial symmetry vary between studies. Some studies have used a two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) task, while others have used a ratings task. How researchers manipulate facial symmetry also varies; some studies have used faces manipulated to be more (or perfectly) symmetrical, while others have used faces manipulated to be more asymmetrical. Here, across three studies, we evaluate and compare these different methods. In Studies 1 and 2 (N = 340 and 256, respectively), we compare facial symmetry preference

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Runeson, Erik, Geoffrey M. Boynton, and Scott O. Murray. "Effects of task and attentional selection on responses in human visual cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 109, no. 10 (2013): 2606–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00318.2012.

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Multiple visual tasks can be performed on the same visual input, with different tasks presumably engaging different neuronal populations. The modular layout of the visual system implies that specific cortical regions carry more information about certain stimulus attributes than others. Thus it is reasonable to assume that decisions during a task will be optimal if they are based on the responses of the most informative neuronal signals, which presumably originate in regions with the sharpest tuning for the relevant stimulus feature. Previous studies have supported this position. Here we presen

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Thomaschke, Roland, Joachim Hoffmann, Carola Haering, and Andrea Kiesel. "Time-Based Expectancy for Task Relevant Stimulus Features." Timing & Time Perception 4, no. 3 (2016): 248–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134468-00002069.

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When a particular target stimulus appears more frequently after a certain interval than after another one, participants adapt to such regularity, as evidenced by faster responses to frequent interval-target combinations than to infrequent ones. This phenomenon is known as time-based expectancy. Previous research has suggested that time-based expectancy is primarily motor-based, in the sense that participants learn to prepare a particular response after a specific interval. Perceptual time-based expectancy — in the sense of learning to perceive a certain stimulus after specific interval — has p

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Kellen, David, Henrik Singmann, Jan Vogt, and Karl Christoph Klauer. "Further Evidence for Discrete-State Mediation in Recognition Memory." Experimental Psychology 62, no. 1 (2015): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000272.

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The two high threshold model (2HTM) of recognition memory makes strong predictions regarding differences between receiver operating characteristics (ROC) functions across strength manipulations. Province and Rouder (2012) tested these predictions and showed that the 2HTM provided a better account of the data than a continuous signal detection model using an extended two-alternative forced-choice task. The present study replicates and extends Province and Rouder’s findings at the level of confidence-rating responses as well as their associated response times. Model-mimicry simulations are also

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Montgomery, DeMaris A., and Robert D. Sorkin. "The Effects of Display Code and Its Relation to the Optimal Decision Statistic in Visual Signal Detection." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 37, no. 19 (1993): 1325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/107118193784162146.

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This study examined the effects of display element arrangement on observers' performance in both Yes/No and Four-Alternative-Forced-Choice (4AFC) visual signal detection tasks. Observers were given four independent informational sources whose values were drawn from either a signal or noise distribution, depending on the task and type of trial. The information was displayed graphically in one of six formats constructed from a combination of two factors: 1) whether the display elements were arranged to produce an emergent feature, and 2) whether or not the magnitude of the emergent feature was m

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Dresp-Langley, Birgitta, and Marie Monfouga. "Combining Visual Contrast Information with Sound Can Produce Faster Decisions." Information 10, no. 11 (2019): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info10110346.

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Pieron’s and Chocholle’s seminal psychophysical work predicts that human response time to information relative to visual contrast and/or sound frequency decreases when contrast intensity or sound frequency increases. The goal of this study is to bring to the forefront the ability of individuals to use visual contrast intensity and sound frequency in combination for faster perceptual decisions of relative depth (“nearer”) in planar (2D) object configurations based on physical variations in luminance contrast. Computer controlled images with two abstract patterns of varying contrast intensity, o

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Korman, Maria, Kinneret Teodorescu, Adi Cohen, Miriam Reiner, and Daniel Gopher. "Effects of Order and Sensory Modality in Stiffness Perception." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 21, no. 3 (2012): 295–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres_a_00114.

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The stiffness properties of an environment are perceived during active manual manipulation primarily by processing force cues and position-based tactile, kinesthetic, and visual information. Using a two alternative forced choice (2AFC) stiffness discrimination task, we tested how the perceiver integrates stiffness-related information based on sensory feedback from one or two modalities and the origins of within-session shifts in stiffness discrimination ability. Two factors were investigated: practice and the amount of available sensory information. Subjects discriminated between the stiffness

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Chambers, Claire, Hugo Fernandes, and Konrad Paul Kording. "Policies or knowledge: priors differ between a perceptual and sensorimotor task." Journal of Neurophysiology 121, no. 6 (2019): 2267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00035.2018.

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If the brain abstractly represents probability distributions as knowledge, then the modality of a decision, e.g., movement vs. perception, should not matter. If, on the other hand, learned representations are policies, they may be specific to the task where learning takes place. Here, we test this by asking whether a learned spatial prior generalizes from a sensorimotor estimation task to a two-alternative-forced choice (2-Afc) perceptual comparison task. A model and simulation-based analysis revealed that while participants learn prior distribution in the sensorimotor estimation task, measure

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Jiang, Yaoguang, Dmitry Yampolsky, Gopathy Purushothaman, and Vivien A. Casagrande. "Perceptual decision related activity in the lateral geniculate nucleus." Journal of Neurophysiology 114, no. 1 (2015): 717–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00068.2015.

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Fundamental to neuroscience is the understanding of how the language of neurons relates to behavior. In the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), cells show distinct properties such as selectivity for particular wavelengths, increments or decrements in contrast, or preference for fine detail versus rapid motion. No studies, however, have measured how LGN cells respond when an animal is challenged to make a perceptual decision using information within the receptive fields of those LGN cells. In this study we measured neural activity in the macaque LGN during a two-alternative, forced-choice (2AFC)

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Heuer, Hilary W., and Kenneth H. Britten. "Optic Flow Signals in Extrastriate Area MST: Comparison of Perceptual and Neuronal Sensitivity." Journal of Neurophysiology 91, no. 3 (2004): 1314–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00637.2003.

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The medial superior temporal area of extrastriate cortex (MST) contains signals selective for nonuniform patterns of motion often termed “optic flow.” The presence of such tuning, however, does not necessarily imply involvement in perception. To quantify the relationship between these selective neuronal signals and the perception of optic flow, we designed a discrimination task that allowed us to simultaneously record neuronal and behavioral sensitivities to near-threshold optic flow stimuli tailored to MST cells' preferences. In this two-alternative forced-choice task, we controlled the salie

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Beck, Brianna, Sahana Gnanasampanthan, Gian Domenico Iannetti, and Patrick Haggard. "No temporal contrast enhancement of simple decreases in noxious heat." Journal of Neurophysiology 121, no. 5 (2019): 1778–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00335.2018.

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Offset analgesia (OA) studies have found that small decreases in the intensity of a tonic noxious heat stimulus yield a disproportionately large amount of pain relief. In the classic OA paradigm, the decrease in stimulus intensity is preceded by an increase of equal size from an initial noxious level. Although the majority of researchers believe this temporal sequence of two changes is important for eliciting OA, it has also been suggested that the temporal contrast mechanism underlying OA may enhance detection of simple, isolated decreases in noxious heat. To test whether decreases in noxious

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Bell, Elise Adrienne. "Perception of Welsh vowel contrasts by Welsh-Spanish bilinguals in Argentina." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 2 (June 12, 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v2i0.4051.

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This study investigates the perception of Welsh vowel contrasts by Welsh-Spanish bilinguals. A two-alternative forced choice perception task elicited subjects’ reliance on vowel tenseness and duration in the identification of ambiguous Welsh vowels. Results demonstrate no effect of order of acquisition on speakers’ reliance on duration (over vowel quality) as a cue to vowel identity in Welsh. This supports past work demonstrating that speakers of a language which lacks a given contrast perceptually rely on the most salient phonetic dimension of that contrast in an L2. Results were also atypica

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JAEKL, PHILIP M., and LAURENCE R. HARRIS. "Sounds can affect visual perception mediated primarily by the parvocellular pathway." Visual Neuroscience 26, no. 5-6 (2009): 477–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523809990289.

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AbstractWe investigated the effect of auditory–visual sensory integration on visual tasks that were predominantly dependent on parvocellular processing. These tasks were (i) detecting metacontrast-masked targets and (ii) discriminating orientation differences between high spatial frequency Gabor patch stimuli. Sounds that contained no information relevant to either task were presented before, synchronized with, or after the visual targets, and the results were compared to conditions with no sound. Both tasks used a two-alternative forced choice technique. For detecting metacontrast-masked targ

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McCracken, Heather S., Bernadette A. Murphy, James J. Burkitt, Cheryl M. Glazebrook, and Paul C. Yielder. "Audiovisual Multisensory Processing in Young Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder." Multisensory Research 33, no. 6 (2020): 599–623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-20191472.

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Abstract Multisensory integration is a fundamental form of sensory processing that is involved in many everyday tasks. Those with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have characteristic alterations to various brain regions that may influence multisensory processing. The overall aim of this work was to assess how adults with ADHD process audiovisual multisensory stimuli during a complex response time task. The paradigm used was a two-alternative forced-choice discrimination task paired with continuous 64-electrode electroencephalography, allowing for the measurement of response time

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Cipriano, Margarida, André Ribeiro Vaz, Jéssica Rolho, Ana Sofia Santos, and Paula Carneiro. "Behavior as a stereotype cue: An European Portuguese pretest on age and gender stereotypes." Análise Psicológica 39, no. 1 (2021): 133–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14417/ap.1778.

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When it comes to the study of stereotypes, plenty of material can be of use. While personality traits tend to be the most commonly adopted, behavioral information can also be relevant, both in the study of stereotypes, as well as in other research fields (e.g., illusory correlations, memory and judgement and decision making). The purpose of this paper was to create a readily available list of behavioral sentences with stereotypicality ratings for both age (young to old) and gender (woman to man) categories, to be used in future studies. In two studies, participants judged age and gender stereo

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Taniguchi, Kosuke, Kana Kuraguchi, and Yukuo Konishi. "Task Difficulty Makes ‘No’ Response Different From ‘Yes’ Response in Detection of Fragmented Object Contours." Perception 47, no. 9 (2018): 943–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006618787395.

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Two-alternative forced choice tasks are often used in object detection, which regards detecting an object as a ‘yes’ response and detecting no object as a ‘no’ response. Previous studies have suggested that the processing of yes/no responses arises from identical or similar processing. In this study, we investigated the difference of processing between detecting an object (‘yes’ response) and not detecting any object (‘no’ response) by controlling the task difficulty in terms of fragment length and stimulus duration. The results indicated that a ‘yes’ response depends on accurate and stable de

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Gvozdenovic, Vasilije. "Perception of illusory contour figures: Microgenetic analysis." Psihologija 37, no. 4 (2004): 451–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi0404451g.

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Microgenetic analysis was used to investigate perception of illusory contour figures which represent whole, completed forms on the basis of segmented, incomplete stimulation. The analysis provided an experimental approach to this phenomenon which was standardly investigated phenomenologically. Experimental procedure consisted of two phases: a) priming phase and b) test phase which consisted of visual search task. Two types of visual search tasks were applied: (i) classic detection, in which subjects were detecting presence or absence of the target stimuli and (ii) two-alternative forced choice

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Albert, Marc K. "Assimilation of Achromatic Color Cannot Explain the Brightness Effects in the Achromatic Neon Effect." Perception 27, no. 7 (1998): 839–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p270839.

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If the mouths of the pacmen of a Kanizsa square are colored, for example red, then an illusory red transparent square is seen. In many visual theories such ‘neon color spreading’ is explained by assimilation of chromatic and achromatic color. In this paper the achromatic case was investigated. In a two-alternative forced-choice task thirty observers judged the brightness of achromatic neon figures. The results suggest that assimilation of achromatic color inside and/or outside of the illusory figures cannot explain the brightness effects seen in achromatic neon color spreading. Although these

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Miller, Rachael, Sarah A. Jelbert, Elsa Loissel, Alex H. Taylor, and Nicola S. Clayton. "Young children do not require perceptual-motor feedback to solve Aesop’s Fable tasks." PeerJ 5 (July 17, 2017): e3484. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3484.

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Aesop’s Fable tasks—in which subjects drop objects into a water-filled tube to raise the water level and obtain out-of-reach floating rewards —have been used to test for causal understanding of water displacement in both young children and non-human animals. However, a number of alternative explanations for success on these tasks have yet to be ruled out. One hypothesis is that subjects may respond to perceptual-motor feedback: repeating those actions that bring the reward incrementally closer. Here, we devised a novel, forced-choice version of the Aesop’s Fable task to assess whether subjects

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Giuliani, M., R. Gregori Grigc, R. M. Martoni, M. C. Cavallini, S. A. Crespi, and C. de'Sperati. "Who did it? Exploring gaze agency in obsessive-compulsive (OC) checkers." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): S322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.244.

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IntroductionClinically, OC-checkers often report staring compulsions and “lack of action completion” sensations, which have been linked to self-agency alterations. Belayachi and Van der Linden (2009) theoretically proposed that “abnormal” checkers self-agency could be due to an over-reliability on environmental cues and to a tendency to specify actions in a procedural and inflexible way, conceiving them as “low-level” agents. Currently, no studies have experimentally address this issue.ObjectivesTo investigate self-agency in OC-checkers subtype, measuring gaze agency (the ability to understand

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Ito, Hiroyuki. "Effect of Element Size on Stereoscopic Apparent Motion." Perceptual and Motor Skills 96, no. 3_suppl (2003): 1187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2003.96.3c.1187.

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Spatial displacement limits in stereoscopic (cyclopean) apparent motion were measured from sequentially presented two-frame random-depth configurations. Each depth configuration was defined by stereoscopically near or far elements of various sizes. The limits were compared with those in luminance-defined apparent motion. The subject's task was 2-alternative forced-choice of the perceived motion direction of the sequentially presented two-frame random-dot stereograms. The spatial displacement limit below which correct motion perception arose with stereoscopic configurations was larger in propor

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LAMBACHER, STEPHEN G., WILLIAM L. MARTENS, KAZUHIKO KAKEHI, CHANDRAJITH A. MARASINGHE, and GARRY MOLHOLT. "The effects of identification training on the identification and production of American English vowels by native speakers of Japanese." Applied Psycholinguistics 26, no. 2 (2005): 227–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716405050150.

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The effectiveness of a high variability identification training procedure to improve native Japanese identification and production of the American English (AE) mid and low vowels /æ/, //, //, //, // was investigated. Vowel identification and production performance for two groups of Japanese participants was measured before and after a 6-week identification training period. Recordings were made of both group's pre-/posttraining vowel productions of the five vowels, which were evaluated by a group of native AE listeners using a five-alternative, forced-choice identification task and by an acoust

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Geambaşu, Andreea, Laura Toron, Andrea Ravignani, and Clara C. Levelt. "Rhythmic Recursion? Human Sensitivity to a Lindenmayer Grammar with Self-similar Structure in a Musical Task." Music & Science 3 (January 1, 2020): 205920432094661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2059204320946615.

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Processing of recursion has been proposed as the foundation of human linguistic ability. Yet this ability may be shared with other domains, such as the musical or rhythmic domain. Lindenmayer grammars (L-systems) have been proposed as a recursive grammar for use in artificial grammar experiments to test recursive processing abilities, and previous work had shown that participants are able to learn such a grammar using linguistic stimuli (syllables). In the present work, we used two experimental paradigms (a yes/no task and a two-alternative forced choice) to test whether adult participants are

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Piu, Pietro, Francesco Fargnoli, Alessandro Innocenti, and Alessandra Rufa. "A Two-Layered Diffusion Model Traces the Dynamics of Information Processing in the Valuation-and-Choice Circuit of Decision Making." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/383790.

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A circuit of evaluation and selection of the alternatives is considered a reliable model in neurobiology. The prominent contributions of the literature to this topic are reported. In this study, valuation and choice of a decisional process during Two-Alternative Forced-Choice (TAFC) task are represented as a two-layered network of computational cells, where information accrual and processing progress in nonlinear diffusion dynamics. The evolution of the response-to-stimulus map is thus modeled by two linked diffusive modules (2LDM) representing the neuronal populations involved in the valuatio

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Szego, Paul A., and M. D. Rutherford. "Reading-Related Habitual Eye Movements Produce a Directional Anisotropy in the Perception of Speed and Animacy." Perception 37, no. 10 (2008): 1609–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p6058.

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Judgments of speed and animacy from monolingual English readers were compared with those of bilingual readers of both English and a language read from right to left. Participants viewed a pair of dots moving horizontally across a screen at the same speed. Using a two-alternative forced-choice task, participants judged which dot in a pair moved faster (a direct measure of speed perception) or appeared to be alive (an indirect and correlated judgment of speed perception). In two experiments monolingual participants judged dots moving left to right to be faster and alive more often than dots movi

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Ruiz-Ruiz, Mario, and Julio C. Martinez-Trujillo. "Human Updating of Visual Motion Direction During Head Rotations." Journal of Neurophysiology 99, no. 5 (2008): 2558–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00931.2007.

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Previous studies have demonstrated that human subjects update the location of visual targets for saccades after head and body movements and in the absence of visual feedback. This phenomenon is known as spatial updating. Here we investigated whether a similar mechanism exists for the perception of motion direction. We recorded eye positions in three dimensions and behavioral responses in seven subjects during a motion task in two different conditions: when the subject's head remained stationary and when subjects rotated their heads around an anteroposterior axis (head tilt). We demonstrated th

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Kim, S., and T. D. Frank. "Correlations Between Hysteretic Categorical and Continuous Judgments of Perceptual Stimuli Supporting a Unified Dynamical Systems Approach to Perception." Perception 47, no. 1 (2017): 44–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006617731047.

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We report from two variants of a figure-ground experiment that is known in the literature to involve a bistable perceptual domain. The first variant was conducted as a two-alternative forced-choice experiment and in doing so tested participants on a categorical measurement scale. The second variant involved a Likert scale measure that was considered to represent a continuous measurement scale. The two variants were conducted as a single within-subjects experiment. Measures of bistability operationalized in terms of hysteresis size scores showed significant positive correlations across the two

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