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Journal articles on the topic 'Two and three levels'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 23 June 2025

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1

Ketta, Mohamed, Eva Tumova, and Darina Chodova. "Response of three laying hen genotypes to two feed calcium levels." Czech Journal of Animal Science 64, No. 12 (2019): 504–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/228/2019-cjas.

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The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of two dietary Ca levels (3.00% vs 3.50%) in three hen genotypes (ISA Brown, Bovans Brown and Moravia BSL) on their laying performance and quality of their eggs. In order to evaluate the response to dietary Ca, an experiment was conducted with 300 laying hens. One hundred birds from each genotype were divided into 10 replicates (10 birds/cage/Ca level). To reveal the differences, the following characteristics were measured: hen-day egg production percentage, daily feed intake, egg weight, albumen and yolk weights, Haugh unit, eggshell colour, eggshell weight, eggshell thickness, eggshell strength, egg shape index and eggshell index. A higher Ca level significantly increased the hen-day egg production percentage of Bovans Brown and Moravia BSL, while ISA Brown laying hens had the higher egg production percentage at a lower dietary Ca level (85.97% vs 82.41%). No significant effect of dietary Ca level was observed on any internal egg quality measurements except the Haugh unit. However, the dietary Ca level significantly affected some of external egg quality measurements, namely eggshell colour (P &lt; 0.001), eggshell weight (P = 0.003) and eggshell strength (P = 0.012). The results of the present study show that laying performance and egg quality parameters responded differently according to hen genotype and dietary Ca level. Bovans Brown and Moravia BSL laying hens required higher levels of Ca to keep egg production high, while the eggshell quality measurements were better at the lower dietary Ca level. Thus, it is recommended to adjust the Ca levels in feed to the nutritional requirements of laying hens.

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2

Morse, Claire K. "Three Texts at Two Levels." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 39, no. 2 (1994): 145–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/033882.

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3

Shirakura, Teruhiro. "Fractional factorial designs of two and three levels." Discrete Mathematics 116, no. 1-3 (1993): 99–135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-365x(93)90397-c.

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4

Chatterjee, Kashinath, Hong Qin, and Na Zou. "Lee discrepancy on asymmetrical factorials with two- and three-levels." Science China Mathematics 55, no. 3 (2012): 663–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11425-012-4366-2.

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5

M. Abdelhamid, Abdelhamid, Ahmed A. Gabr, Fathy F. Khalil, and Mohamed A. A. Abdulaal. "Possible Benefits of Using Two Dietary Crude Protein Levels And Two Fat levels From Three Sources in Feeding Tilapia." Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries 23, no. 2 (2019): 253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2019.31017.

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6

Yonga, François, Colince Welba, Theodore Louossi, and Noël Djongyang. "A New Control Approach of a Three-Phase Inverter Two Levels." Open Journal of Energy Efficiency 11, no. 03 (2022): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojee.2022.113005.

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7

Chen, Jen-Gwo, Shu-Kai Wu, Hsiao-Ping Chiu, Chia-Nai Tu, and Chien-Hsiou Liu. "Evaluation of Three Tablet Computers at Two Levels of Ambient Illumination." International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction 32, no. 5 (2016): 394–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2016.1151614.

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8

Stebe, B., A. Ainane, and F. Dujardin. "Landau levels of two-dimensional negatively charged three-particle Coulomb states." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 8, no. 29 (1996): 5383–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/8/29/013.

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9

Björkqvist, Kaj, and Kirsti Lagerspetz. "CHILDREN'S EXPERIENCE OF THREE TYPES OF CARTOON AT TWO AGE LEVELS*." International Journal of Psychology 20, no. 1 (1985): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1464-066x.1985.tb00015.x.

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10

Doktorov, A. B., and J. B. Pedersen. "Transitions between two intersecting spin levels in three-dimensional diffusive systems." Applied Magnetic Resonance 26, no. 1-2 (2004): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03166561.

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11

Marshall, Roger. "Variances in Levels of Individualism Across Two Cultures and Three Social Classes." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 28, no. 4 (1997): 490–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022197284007.

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12

Peeters, F. M., and J. T. Devreese. "Energy levels of two- and three-dimensional polarons in a magnetic field." Physical Review B 31, no. 6 (1985): 3689–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.31.3689.

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13

Peeters, F. M., Wu Xiaoguang, and J. T. Devreese. "Landau levels above the optical-phonon continuum in two and three dimensions." Physical Review B 33, no. 6 (1986): 4338–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.33.4338.

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14

Dubuc-Charbonneau, Nicole M., and Natalie Durand-Bush. "Exploring levels of student-athlete burnout at two Canadian universities." Canadian Journal of Higher Education 44, no. 2 (2014): 135–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.47678/cjhe.v44i2.183864.

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The purpose of the current study was to examine the levels of burnout among student-athletes at two Canadian universities and to investigate whether there were significant differences related to gender, sport, year of university sport participation, academic year, and academic program. Burnout was measured by administering Raedeke and Smith’s (2001) Athlete Burnout Questionnaire to 145 student-athletes from various sports. Overall, 1.4% of the student-athletes had elevated burnout scores on all three subscales, and 17% scored high on two of the three subscales. No significant differences emerged with regards to year of varsity sport participation, academic year, or program. However, women had significantly higher levels of emotional and physical exhaustion than men. Significant differences also emerged in relation to levels of emotional and physical exhaustion, and of sport devaluation, when comparing various sports.

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15

Ahlawat, P., S. Tiwari, M. Gairola, et al. "PO-0950 Comparison between two-dose levels versus three-dose levels IMRT in head and neck cancers." Radiotherapy and Oncology 161 (August 2021): S791—S792. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(21)07401-6.

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16

Dobrinas, Simona, Alina Soceanu, Gabriela Stanciu, Viorica Popescu, and Luiza Georgiana Arnold. "Trace element levels of three mushroom species." Analele Universitatii "Ovidius" Constanta - Seria Chimie 24, no. 1 (2013): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2013-0008.

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AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine Cu, Fe and Cr contents of three species of fresh mushrooms and canned mushrooms: white and brown champignon (Agaricus bisporus) and Pleurotus Ostreatus. Were analyzed various plant parts: stem, cap and cuticle of fresh mushrooms and only stem and cap for canned mushrooms. The levels of trace metals of mushroom samples collected from regions of Romania, Poland and Turkey were determined by UV/Visible spectrometry - standard addition method after digestion method. The contents of investigated trace metals in mushroom samples were found to be in the range of 0.01 - 2.26 mg/Kg for chromium, 2.02 - 430.67 mg/Kg for copper and 240.40 - 7952.89 mg/Kg for iron. The iron content was found to be higher than those of the other two minerals in all the samples. Mushrooms species in the highest levels of trace elements were found white champignon for Cu and Fe and brown champignon for Cr.

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17

Falil, Fatima, and Noureddine Benabadji. "Harmonic elimination by SPWM and THIPWM techniques applied in photovoltaic inverters." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 10, no. 2 (2021): 159–72. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v10.i2.pp159-172.

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With advances in solid-state power electronic devices, control techniques (PWM) have been devised to obtain high dynamics responses from a multilevel power conditioning converter-Photovoltaic. This work discusses the advantages and drawbacks of two different PWM techniques, the sinusoidal (SPWM) technique and the Third harmonic injection PWM (THIPWM) technique. These two methods are compared by discussing their ease of implementation and by analyzing the output harmonic spectra of various output voltage and their total harmonic distortion (THD). The focus of this paper is the simulation study of single-phase inverter, three phases, two levels and three levels inverter for application photovoltaic. Firstly, single phase is modeled with inductive load and their waveforms are observed. Secondly, a two levels inverter, and three levels inverter are leading to the high industrial performances of the drives synchronous, especially, if a high-power quality is requested.

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18

Falil, Fatima, and Noureddine Benabadji. "Harmonic elimination by SPWM and THIPWM techniques applied in photovoltaic inverters." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering 10, no. 2 (2022): 159~172. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7344492.

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With advances in solid-state power electronic devices, control techniques (PWM) have been devised to obtain high dynamics responses from a multilevel power conditioning converter-Photovoltaic. This work discusses the advantages and drawbacks of two different PWM techniques, the sinusoidal (SPWM) technique and the Third harmonic injection PWM (THIPWM) technique. These two methods are compared by discussing their ease of implementation and by analyzing the output harmonic spectra of various output voltage and their total harmonic distortion (THD). The focus of this paper is the simulation study of single-phase inverter, three phases, two levels and three levels inverter for application photovoltaic. Firstly, single phase is modeled with inductive load and their waveforms are observed. Secondly, a two levels inverter, and three levels inverter are leading to the high industrial performances of the drives synchronous, especially, if a high-power quality is requested.

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19

Akay, Kamil Melih, Yusuf Izci, Alper Baysefer, and Erdener Timurkaynak. "Composite type of split cord malformation: two different types at three different levels." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 102, no. 4 (2005): 436–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/ped.2005.102.4.0436.

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20

P, Pramanik, and Aggarwal P. "Comparison of thermal properties of three texturally different soils under two compaction levels." African Journal of Agricultural Research 8, no. 28 (2013): 3679–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajar2013.7345.

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21

Konstantopoulos, Spyros. "Optimal Design in Three-Level Block Randomized Designs With Two Levels of Nesting." Educational and Psychological Measurement 73, no. 5 (2013): 784–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013164413485752.

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22

Ali, Raheel, M. Yaseen, Ali Nadeem, S. A. Bhatti, and M. A. Baig. "Two-colour three-photon excitation of the 6snf1,3F3and 6snp1P1,3P1,2Rydberg levels of Yb I." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 32, no. 4 (1999): 953–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/32/4/011.

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23

SONG, Shuo, Qionghui ZHANG, Na ZOU, and Hong QIN. "New lower bounds for lee discrepancy on two and three mixed levels factorials." Acta Mathematica Scientia 36, no. 6 (2016): 1832–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0252-9602(16)30109-6.

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24

Merkli, Marco, Haifeng Song, and Gennady P. Berman. "Multiscale dynamics of open three-level quantum systems with two quasi-degenerate levels." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 48, no. 27 (2015): 275304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8113/48/27/275304.

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25

Wang, Qing. "Cognitive Psychology in Artificial Intelligence —Three Levels of Conscious Processing." Journal of Psychology & Behavior Research 5, no. 4 (2023): p21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jpbr.v5n4p21.

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In this paper, from the perspective of the intersection of cognitive psychology and the field of artificial intelligence, we present the three levels of conscious processing proposed by Dehaene et al. They are unconscious processing (C0), consciousness in the first sense (C1)-global availability, consciousness in the second sense (C2)-self-monitoring. The paper also cites an empirical evidence for the intersection of the two fields and summarizes some researchers’ questions about whether the two can intersect.

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26

Campion-Vincent, Véronique, and Christine Shojaei Kawan. "Marie-Antoinette and Her Famous Saying: Three Levels of Communication, Three Modes of Accusation and Two Troubled Centuries." Fabula 41, no. 1-2 (2000): 13–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fabl.2000.41.1-2.13.

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27

Ptáček, Vojtěch, Martin Koudela, Josef Sus, and Jitka Doležalová. "Influence of mulching on gherkins at two levels of irrigation." Horticultural Science 45, No. 3 (2018): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/200/2016-hortsci.

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The field experiments described here were conducted over a period of three years. The effect of mulching on emergence, phenophase, the weight of single fruits and yield of the ‘Elisabet F1’ and ‘Harriet F1’ cultivars of gherkins were evaluated, using wheat straw, black non-woven fabric and Ekocover paper mats as mulch compared to a non-mulched control variant. A positive effect of mulching on emergence was found using non-woven fabric at a reduced level of irrigation. The use of non-woven fabrics (21.01 t/ha) and wheat straw (22.92 t/ha) as mulch positively affected yield compared with the non-mulched variant (20.97 t/ha). Reduced levels of irrigation positively influenced the representation of market fruit compared to optimum levels of irrigation (about 1.5 to 3.1%), but these fruits were lighter (about 0.5 to 2.0 g). The influence of the cultivar on the evaluated properties of gherkins was insignificant. Higher yield (9%) and a higher percentage of market fruit (about 0.8 to 2.0%) was found for the ‘Harriet F1’ compared to ‘Elisabet F1’.

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28

Beekman, Marian, Bastiaan T. Heijmans, Nicholas G. Martin, et al. "Heritabilities of Apolipoprotein and Lipid Levels in Three Countries." Twin Research 5, no. 2 (2002): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.5.2.87.

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AbstractThis study investigated the influence of genes and environment on the variation of apolipoprotein and lipid levels, which are important intermediate phenotypes in the pathways toward cardiovascular disease. Heritability estimates are presented, including those for apolipoprotein E and AII levels which have rarely been reported before. We studied twin samples from the Netherlands (two cohorts;n= 160 pairs, aged 13–22 andn= 204 pairs, aged 34–62), Australia (n= 1362 pairs, aged 28–92) and Sweden (n= 302 pairs, aged 42–88). The variation of apolipoprotein and lipid levels depended largely on the influences of additive genetic factors in each twin sample. There was no significant evidence for the influence of common environment. No sex differences in heritability estimates for any phenotype in any of the samples were observed. Heritabilities ranged from 0.48–0.87, with most heritabilities exceeding 0.60. The heritability estimates in the Dutch samples were significantly higher than in the Australian sample. The heritabilities for the Swedish were intermediate to the Dutch and the Australian samples and not significantly different from the heritabilities in these other two samples. Although sample specific effects are present, we have shown that genes play a major role in determining the variance of apolipoprotein and lipid levels in four independent twin samples from three different countries.

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29

BELYAEV, OLEG. "Systematic mismatches: Coordination and subordination at three levels of grammar." Journal of Linguistics 51, no. 2 (2014): 267–326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226714000450.

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In this paper, I analyze two clause combining strategies in Ossetic that exhibit mixed properties between coordination and subordination. I argue that the ‘mismatch approach’ proposed by Culicover & Jackendoff (1997) and Yuasa & Sadock (2002) is best suited to account for their properties. However, in order to adequately describe the behavior of these constructions in terms of the mismatch approach, appealing to three levels of grammar is required instead of two levels (syntax and semantics) discussed in previous works. This provides a clear argument in favor of models of grammar such as Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG), where the syntactic level is split between constituent structure (c-structure) and functional structure (f-structure). The properties of semantic coordination and subordination that have been proposed in earlier work mostly belong to the level of f-structure, and not semantics proper. I argue that the only substantial semantic difference between coordination and adverbial subordination is that the former introduces discourse relations between speech acts, while the latter introduces asserted predicates that link two propositions within the same speech act. I provide definitions of coordination and subordination at all the three levels of grammar formalized in terms of the LFG framework, and discuss the tests that can be used for each of these levels.

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30

Valero, Daniel, Domingo Martínez, Fernando Riquelme, and María Serrano. "Polyamine Response to External Mechanical Bruising in Two Mandarin Cultivars." HortScience 33, no. 7 (1998): 1220–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.7.1220.

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The polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine (free form) were measured during 48 hours at 20 °C after mechanical damage of `Fortune' and `Clementine' mandarins (Citrus reticulata Blanco.) with forces of 0, 10, 20, and 30 N. In control fruits (without damage), the three polyamine levels were higher in `Fortune' than in `Clementine', and putrescine and spermine levels tended to diminish during the experiment, while spermidine levels increased slightly in `Fortune' and showed a prominent peak in `Clementine' 6 hours after storage. In general, polyamine levels increased in the peel following bruising. The magnitude of this effect differed for both cultivars and applied forces. Putrescine levels were positively correlated with the applied force in `Fortune', while in `Clementine' only the 20 N force was effective. Spermidine levels also increased in `Fortune' following injury, but there was no difference in effects among the three forces used. Only the 10 N force increased spermidine levels significantly in `Clementine'. Spermine levels were slightly higher than control levels after 48 hours, but not higher than initial levels.

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31

Werner, Karel. "Are There Two Levels of Truth and Reality?" Buddhist Studies Review 15, no. 2 (1998): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/bsrv.v15i2.14702.

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32

Werner, Karel. "Are There Two Levels of Truth and Reality?" International Association for Buddhist Thought and Culture 24 (February 15, 2015): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.16893/ijbtc.24.4.

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33

Adami, Paulo Fernando, André Brugnara Soares, Tangriani Simione Assmann, et al. "Dynamic of a papuã pasture under two grazing intensities and two nitrogen levels." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 39, no. 12 (2010): 2569–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982010001200003.

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This work aimed to evaluate the effects of grazing intensities and nitrogen fertilization levels on the dynamics of a Brachiaria plantaginea pasture. The experiment was laid out as a random block design, in a 3 × 2 factorial scheme, composed of three nitrogen levels (0, 200 and 400 kg/ha nitrogen in urea form) and two grazing intensities termed low mass (LM; forage mass of 1500 kg of DM/ha) and high mass (HM; forage mass of 3000 kg of DM/ha) in a continuously stocked swards with two replications. Animals used were half-blood Boer goats averaging five months old and 21 kg body weight (BW) for adjustment of the target forage mass. Real forage mass, average height of the plants and animal stocking rates were of 2,567 and 3,862 kg DM/ha; 23.6 and 31.2 cm and 2,804 and 2,089 kg BW/ha respectively for low and high mass. Accumulation rate was of 100, 147 and 132 kg DM/ha/day and total production 13,659; 19,834 and 17,820 kg DM/ha, respectively to the 0, 200 and 400 kg N/ha. There were no differences on pasture yield among grazing intensities suggesting that higher stocking rates can be used. The level of 200 kg N/ha promotes the best response on papuã grass pastures. Papuã grass shows high yield, good production distribution during the plant cycle and excellent nutritional value.

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34

COX, TREVOR, and HENRY FORD. "The Plastic Growth Responses of Three Agamospecies of Dandelion to Two Levels of Nutrient." Annals of Botany 59, no. 1 (1987): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a087288.

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35

熊, 烽景. "Uniformity of the Range-Fixed Level-Augmented Designs of Mixed Two and Three Levels." Advances in Applied Mathematics 13, no. 11 (2024): 4813–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/aam.2024.1311463.

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36

WILSON, J. S., M. L. FORISTER, L. A. DYER, et al. "Host conservatism, host shifts and diversification across three trophic levels in two Neotropical forests." Journal of Evolutionary Biology 25, no. 3 (2012): 532–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02446.x.

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37

Abdelkrim, T., K. Benamrane, T. Benslimane, O. Abdelkhalek, and A. Borni. "Stability Study of Output Voltages of Two-Stage PV System Based Three Levels Inverter." Energy Procedia 139 (December 2017): 658–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.11.268.

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38

Arief, Omnia M., Jiayin Pang, Kamal H. Shaltout, and Hans Lambers. "Performance of two Lupinus albus L. cultivars in response to three soil pH levels." Experimental Agriculture 56, no. 3 (2019): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479719000383.

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AbstractSoil alkalinity imposes important limitations to lupin productivity; however, little attention has been paid to investigate the effects of soil alkalinity on plant growth and development. Many lupins are sensitive to alkaline soils, but Lupinus albus material from Egypt was found to have tolerance to limed soils. The aim of this study was to compare the growth response of two cultivars of L.albus L. – an Egyptian cultivar, P27734, and an Australian cultivar, Kiev Mutant, to different soil pH levels and to understand the physiological mechanisms underlying agronomic alkalinity tolerance of P27734. Plants were grown under three pH levels (5.1, 6.7, and 7.8) in a temperature-controlled glasshouse. For both cultivars, the greatest dry mass production and carboxylate exudation from roots were observed at alkaline pH. The better performance of the Egyptian cultivar at high pH was entirely accounted for by its greater seed weight. From a physiological perspective, the Australian cultivar was as alkaline-tolerant as the Egyptian cultivar. These findings highlight the agronomic importance of seed weight for sowing, and both cultivars can be used in alkaline soils.

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39

Launeau, Patrick, Carlos J. Archanjo, David Picard, Laurent Arbaret, and Pierre-Yves Robin. "Two- and three-dimensional shape fabric analysis by the intercept method in grey levels." Tectonophysics 492, no. 1-4 (2010): 230–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2010.06.005.

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40

Seneviratne, Sampath S., Peter Davidson, Kathy Martin, and Darren E. Irwin. "Low levels of hybridization across two contact zones among three species of woodpeckers (Sphyrapicussapsuckers)." Journal of Avian Biology 47, no. 6 (2016): 887–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jav.00946.

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41

Ghillebaert, F., C. Chaillou, F. Deschamps, and P. Roubaud. "Toxic Effects, at Three pH Levels, of Two Reference Molecules on Common Carp Embryo." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 32, no. 1 (1995): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/eesa.1995.1080.

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42

Wilson, Scott D. "Initial size and the competitive responses of two grasses at two levels of soil nitrogen: a field experiment." Canadian Journal of Botany 72, no. 9 (1994): 1349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b94-165.

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I tested whether initial size influenced the ability of grasses to compete against established perennial vegetation in an old field, both in plots with little competition for light and in plots with intense light competition. Seedlings of Schizachyrium scoparium (a perennial) and Setaria viridis (an annual) were assigned to three classes of initial size; small seedlings had about half the initial mass of medium seedlings, which had about half the mass of large seedlings. Seedlings were transplanted into subplots with neighbours either present or absent, within 10 plots that received either NH4NO3 or no additional nitrogen. Transplant final mass (roots and shoots) was significantly lower in the presence of neighbours and increased significantly with initial size. There was no significant interaction between competition and initial size, however, indicating that competition suppressed seedlings of all sizes to about the same extent. Further, there was no significant three-way interaction, suggesting that size did not influence competitive response more in environments where light was limiting. These results differ from pot experiments and monocultures by suggesting that initial size does not influence the ability of a plant to compete against neighbours on either nutrient-rich or nutrient-poor soils. Key words: competition, competitive response, competitive ability, size, removal experiments, nitrogen.

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43

Furtado, Dermeval Araújo, Sebastião Benicio Carvalho Junior, José Pinheiro Lopes Neto, Bonifácio Benício de Souza, and Nayanne Lopes Batista Dantas. "Adaptability of sheep to three salinity levels in different environments." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 41, no. 1 (2020): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n1p285.

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The objective of this study is to evaluate physiological parameters and the adaptability of Santa Inês sheep to two climatic conditions 25ºC (within the thermal comfort zone [TCZ) and 32ºC (above the TCZ) and three salinity levels (2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 dS m-1). The study was developed in a climatic chamber using 36 uncastrated male sheep. The experimental design was completely randomized with a 2 ? 3 factorial scheme composed of two temperatures, three water salinity levels, and six repetitions. The physiological variables were not affected by the salinity levels. The rectal and skin temperature and the heart and respiratory rate were higher at 32 °C. However, the rectal temperature was within the normal range for the species. The consumption of water with different salt concentrations did not affect the adaptive responses of the animals and could be an alternative water source for sheep in regions where water has a high salinity level. The respiratory rate of sheep exposed to 32 °C increased to eliminate body heat, and exposure to 25 °C provided greater thermal comfort for the animals.

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Furtado, Dermeval Araújo, Sebastião Benicio Carvalho Junior, José Pinheiro Lopes Neto, Bonifácio Benício de Souza, and Nayanne Lopes Batista Dantas. "Adaptability of sheep to three salinity levels in different environments." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 41, no. 1 (2020): 283–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n1p283.

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The objective of this study is to evaluate physiological parameters and the adaptability of Santa Inês sheep to two climatic conditions 25ºC (within the thermal comfort zone [TCZ) and 32ºC (above the TCZ) and three salinity levels (2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 dS m-1). The study was developed in a climatic chamber using 36 uncastrated male sheep. The experimental design was completely randomized with a 2 ´ 3 factorial scheme composed of two temperatures, three water salinity levels, and six repetitions. The physiological variables were not affected by the salinity levels. The rectal and skin temperature and the heart and respiratory rate were higher at 32 °C. However, the rectal temperature was within the normal range for the species. The consumption of water with different salt concentrations did not affect the adaptive responses of the animals and could be an alternative water source for sheep in regions where water has a high salinity level. The respiratory rate of sheep exposed to 32 °C increased to eliminate body heat, and exposure to 25 °C provided greater thermal comfort for the animals.

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Arts, Michael T., and W. Gary Sprules. "Energy Reserves of Three Zooplankton Species from Two Lakes with Different Metal Concentrations." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44, no. 2 (1987): 458–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f87-054.

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Dry weight and lipid content of three zooplankton species in two lakes differing in concentrations of copper, nickel, and aluminum were assayed for two consecutive summers. Epischura lacustris and Holopedium gibberum had lower lipid levels and were generally lighter in the lake with elevated metals. The lipid droplet in eggs of H. gibberum was 21% smaller in the lake with elevated metal levels. Total body burdens of copper in H. gibberum were twice as high in the lake with elevated metals. There was no difference in dry weight and levels of energy reserves of Diaptomus minutus between the lakes. Lower lipid content and decreased weight of E. lacustris and H. gibberum from Round Lake could not be explained by lowered food availability, since both the edible portion of phytoplankton biomass and abundance of small Bosmina were similar in the two lakes. Since there were no differences in food levels for E. lacustris and H. gibberum in the two lakes, we attributed lower energy reserves in these species to effects of heavy metal contamination.

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Kurunc, A., and C. Cekic. "Response of three strawberry cultivars (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) to different salinity levels in irrigation water." Horticultural Science 32, No. 2 (2011): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3765-hortsci.

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Irrigation with saline waters is an agricultural practice that becomes increasingly common as competition for fresh water increases. In this study, three strawberry cultivars (Fragaria &times; ananassa Duch.) were tested for their salt tolerance. For this purpose, five salinity levels in water with electrical conductivities (EC<sub>i</sub>) of 1.1, 1.6, 2.1, 2.5, 2.9 dS/m and river water as control (0.5 dS/m) were used in a randomised design with four replications. Percent leaf damage at two dates and accumulation of salts in soil were determined for each cultivar. Considering the results, Maraline is the most tolerant to salinity. Severe effects of salt on Muir and Tudla growth were observed even at EC<sub>i</sub> 1.1 dS/m. The higher the level of EC<sub>i</sub> of irrigation water, the higher the soil EC<sub>e</sub> produced. In general, the highest soil EC<sub>e</sub>&rsquo;s were produced by Muir followed by Tudla experiment. &nbsp; &nbsp;

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Xia, Li Xin, and Qian Zhao Lei. "Quantum Three-Qubit Phase Gate Operation by Using an Artificial Atom in a Three-Mode Cavity." Advanced Materials Research 301-303 (July 2011): 1705–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.301-303.1705.

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We propose a scheme for realizing quantum three-qubit phase gate operation, in a three-mode cavity where the large detuned cavity-mode fields interact with the four-level artificial atom of an rf-SQUID in tripod-type configuration. In this scheme, the two lowest levels of the artificial atom represent the two logical states of the target qubit and two cavity-mode states are the control qubits, while the third cavity-mode field serves the gate manipulation. Since only the metastable lower levels are involved in the gate operations, the gate is insensitive to the decay rates of the artificial atom, which makes this scheme advantageous and it is important in view of decoherence.

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Zhou, Yongdao, and Boxin Tang. "Column-orthogonal strong orthogonal arrays of strength two plus and three minus." Biometrika 106, no. 4 (2019): 997–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biomet/asz043.

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Summary Strong orthogonal arrays have better space-filling properties than ordinary orthogonal arrays for computer experiments. We consider column-orthogonal strong orthogonal arrays of strength two plus and three minus, and present methods of constructing such designs. Several situations are examined, including those of four or higher levels and mixed levels. The methods are based on both regular and nonregular designs. The resulting designs inherit the good property of strong orthogonal arrays of strength two plus or three and have the additional property of column orthogonality. This type of design is a better choice for computer experiments.

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Gomonai, Aleksandr, Eugene Remeta, and Anna Gomonai. "Three-Photon Ionization with One-Photon Resonance between Excited Levels." Atoms 9, no. 3 (2021): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms9030068.

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Within the framework of a three-level model, the process of three-photon ionization with one-photon resonance between two excited levels (with the lower one being initially unpopulated) is considered using the density matrix method. It is shown that such resonance can result in the appearance of a maximum in the three-photon ionization spectrum when detuning between the resonance wavenumber and the wavenumber of the transition responsible for the lower excited level being populated exceeds the laser radiation linewidth by more than three orders of magnitude.

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Stephenson, David. "Two-dimensional Two Contact Double Resonance Spectroscopy." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 55, no. 1-2 (2000): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2000-1-215.

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A two-dimensional spectroscopic technique is presented. Application of the technique to de-termine all the relaxation rates for a multi-level quadrupole system is discussed along with ex-perimental requirements. Theoretical and experimental data are analyzed for the 14N, three level, spin 1 system. The analysis shows that all three relaxation rates can be obtained from a single two-dimensional spectrum, and that only 3 peaks in the 3 x 3 two-dimensional intensity matrix are needed to completely specify the problem. The 4-level spin 3/2 system is also examined. In theory, all six relaxation rates can be independently evaluated (for a suitable system) without necessitating measurement at the low frequency Zeeman separated levels.

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