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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Two and Three-Phase Flows'
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1
Malhotra, Ajay. "Study of two and three-phase flows in large diameter horizontal pipelines." Ohio : Ohio University, 1995. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1179947127.
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Lei, Siu Long. "Phase-field simulations of two-phase flows /." View abstract or full-text, 2009. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?MATH%202009%20LEI.
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Whitaker, T. S. "Measurement of two-phase flows by phase separation." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240831.
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Papadopoulos, Christos. "The prediction of two-phase flows." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46485.
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Samways, Andrew Leonard. "Pressure fluctuations in two-phase flows." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/791.
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Naturally occurring pressure fluctuations have been observed in two-phase flows by a number of researchers for example Matsui [1984]. This thesis investigates the nature of these pressure fluctuations within vertically upward bubbly two-phase flows with a view to developing a novel non-intrusive pressure correlation technique for use downhole to monitor the area average dispersed phase velocity, Vg. To date non-intrusive correlation flow monitoring techniques suitable for use downhole exhibit a non-uniform field sensitivity characteristic which when correlated between two points reflects the velocity of the dispersed phase within the stronger sensing region. Four sources of pressure fluctuations were Identified In the present study, these being temporal variations in the average gas void fraction a(t), variations in the convected pressure field surrounding a moving bubble, turbulence generated by the wake of a bubble and background turbulence in the continuous phase. Magnitudes and structure length scales of these pressure sources were evaluated differentially at two points in a continuous fluid using simple models and it was found that pressure fluctuations associated with a bubbles motion close to the measurement points dominate the pressure signal. It was also found that the magnitude of pressure fluctuations associated with a bubble's motion decreases rapidly with increasing distance from the bubble and the structure length scale caused by this effect Is of the order of the tapping separation distance. Using numerical simulation techniques and a recirculating air/water flow loop with a test section diameter of 77.8mm, (both of which were developed in this thesis) differential pressure fluctuations generated by an upwardly flowing bubbly two-phase flow w ere studied. Superficial gas and liquid velocities up to 0.35m/s and 1.5m/s respectively and-. average gas void fractions up to 25% were covered. It was concluded that pressure fluctuations caused by bubble motion near the pipe wall dominate the differential pressure signal. The autocorrelogram of these signals is considered to be related to the bubble velocity within the entrapped bubble layer near the pipe wall, which are observed to travel at an almost constant velocity independent of the continuous phase velocity. Cross correlation of two pressure signals are indicated to be related to the convected bubble velocity of bubbles outside the entrapped bubble layer which is related to Vg.
6
Kowalski, Julia. "Two-phase modeling of debris flows." Berlin mbv, 2008. http://d-nb.info/993024068/04.
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Hardalupas, Ioannis. "Experiments with isothermal two phase flows." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46331.
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Borghesi, Giulio. "Autoignition in turbulent two-phase flows." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/244235.
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This dissertation deals with the numerical investigation of the physics of sprays autoigniting at diesel engine conditions using Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS), and with the modelling of droplet related effects within the Conditional Moment Closure (CMC) method for turbulent non-premixed combustion. The dissertation can be split in four different sections, with the content of each being summarized below. The first part of the dissertation introduces the equations that govern the temporal and spatial evolution of a turbulent reacting flow, and provides an extensive review of the CMC method for both single and two-phase flows. The problem of modelling droplet related effects in the CMC transport equations is discussed in detail, and physically-sound models for the unclosed terms that appear in these equations and that are affected by the droplet presence are derived. The second part of the dissertation deals with the application of the CMC method to the numerical simulation of several n-heptane sprays igniting at conditions relevant to diesel engine combustion. Droplet-related terms in the CMC equations were closed with the models developed in the first part of the dissertation. For all conditions investigated, CMC could correctly capture the ignition, propagation and anchoring phases of the spray flame. Inclusion of droplet terms in the CMC equations had little influence on the numerical predictions, in line with the findings of other authors. The third part of the dissertation presents a DNS study on the autoignition of n-heptane sprays at high pressure / low temperature conditions. The analysis revealed that spray ignition occurs first in well-mixed locations with a specific value of the mixture fraction. Changes in the operating conditions (initial turbulence intensity of the background gas, global equivalence ratio in the spray region, initial droplet size distribution) affected spray ignition through changes in the mixture formation process. For each spray, a characteristic ignition delay time and a characteristic droplet evaporation time could be defined. The ratio between these time scales was suggested as a key parameter for controlling the ignition delay of the spray. The last part of the dissertation exploits the DNS simulations to perform an a priori analysis of the applicability of the CMC method to autoigniting sprays. The study revealed that standard models for the mixing quantities used in CMC provide poor approximations in two-phase flows, and are partially responsible for the poor prediction of the ignition delay time. It was also observed that first-order closure of the chemical source terms performs poorly during the onset of ignition, suggesting that second-order closures may be more appropriate for studying spray autoignition problems. The contribution of the work presented in this dissertation is to provides a detailed insight into the physics of spray autoignition at diesel engine conditions, to propose and derive original methods for incorporating droplet evaporation effects within CMC in a physically-sound manner, and to assess the applicability and shortcomings of the CMC method to autoigniting sprays.
9
Sukarno, Pudjo. "Inflow performance relationship curves in two-phase and three-phase flow conditions /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1986. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/8614191.
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Sin, Vai Kuong. "Particle dispersion in two-phase turbulent flows." Thesis, University of Macau, 2000. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1637076.
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Aldridge, Christopher John. "Density-wave oscillations in two-phase flows." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260741.
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Sidhu, Mandeep Singh. "Modelling vaporisation in two-phase turbulent flows." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442166.
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Kenyon, Yvonne Michelle. "Two-phase flows accompanying fires in enclosures." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2003. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/19138/.
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The dispersed phase that accompanies enclosure fires, for example, soot, ash, sprinkler droplets and extinguishing powder, could exert a significant influence on the dynamics of the background fluid. In this thesis, the results of a numerical study into the effects of this dispersed phase on the flow in a fire compartment are presented. A two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics solver, with appropriate approximations for low Mach number flows and mathematical sub-models for twophase flows, has been developed in order to simulate fire induced convective motions in planar compartments. The description of the dispersed particulate is based on a twocontinuum approach, whereby the dispersed phase and the gaseous phase are assumed to be two mutually interacting and penetrating continua. In this thesis, two 'passive' models and an 'active' model of the dispersed phase are considered. In the passive models the particulate acts as a tracer only and has no hydrodynamical influence on the gas phase. The second passive model differs from the first in that the production of gases in the fire compartment, for example arising from combustion or propellant gases due to extinguishment of the fire, is taken into account. This second passive model more accurately predicts the growth of pressure in a sealed fire compartment for weak fires. As the volume fraction of the particulate increases the spatial-temporal hydrodynamic influence exerted on the gaseous flow by the dispersed phase becomes significant and, under certain conditions, a passive representation is insufficient. An active onetemperature and one-velocity model is proposed which is appropriate for the description of a hydrodynamically active particulate with an instantaneous velocity and thermal relaxation time. In this thesis, computational fluid dynamics is used as a tool in order to characterise the applicability of the passive models and the active model. The ability of the passive models to accurately predict the growth of pressure in a compartment for 'surface' fires, for example smouldering combustion and weak fires, is investigated. The active model is used to study the hydrodynamics of powder extinguishing media in a compartment with an open doorway.
14
Thein, Ferdinand [Verfasser]. "Results for two phase flows with phase transition / Ferdinand Thein." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1165650487/34.
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Jacobsmeyer, Russell Louis. "Experimental studies in two-component flows." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16740.
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Akbar, Muhammad Khalid. "Transport Phenomena in Complex Two and Three-Phase Flow Systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/4897.
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Two and three-phase flow processes involving gas, liquid and solid, are common in nature and industry, and include some of the most complex and poorly-understood transport problems. In this research hydrodynamics, heat and mass transfer processes in complex two and three-phase flows were investigated. The interfacial surface area concentration in a short vertical column subject to the through flow of fiber-liquid-gas slurry was experimentally measured using the gas absorption technique. The experimental data were statistically analyzed for parametric effects, and were empirically correlated. The absorption of a gaseous species by a slurry droplet with internal circulation and containing reactive micro-particles was simulated, and parametrically studied. The micro-particles were found to enhance the absorption rate. The absorption rate was sensitive to droplet recirculation, and shrinkage of particles with time resulted in declining absorption rates. The transport of soot particles, suspended in laminar hot gas flowing in a tube, was modeled and parametrically studied. Due to coupled thermal radiation and thermophoresis, a radially-nonuniform temperature profile develops, leading to sharp, non-uniform radial soot-concentration profiles. The assumption of monodisperse particles leads to over-prediction of thermophoresis. The transport and removal of particles suspended in bubbles rising in a stagnant liquid pool were modeled based on a Eulerian – Monte Carlo method. The bubble hydrodynamics were treated in Eulerian frame, using the Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) technique, while particle equations of motion were numerically solved in Lagrangian frame. The bubbles undergo shape change, and have complex internal circulation, all of which influence the particle removal. Model predictions were also compared with experimental data. Using a resemblance between two-phase flow in microchannels, and in large channels at microgravity, a simple Weber number-based two-phase flow regime map was developed for microchannels. Based on the available air-water experimental data, a criterion for the prediction of conditions that lead to flow regime transition out of the stratified-wavy flow pattern in horizontal annular channels was proposed. The thermocapillary effects on liquid-vapor interface shape during heterogeneous bubble ebullition in microchannels were analytically studied.
17
Hantke, Maren [Verfasser]. "Two-phase flows with phase transitions : modelling, analysis, numerics / Maren Hantke." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1159954860/34.
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Yao, Guang-Fa. "Numerical modeling of condensing two-phase channel flows." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17678.
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Andrianov, Nikolai. "Analytical and numerical investigation of two-phase flows." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=969695810.
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Hoomans, Bob Petrus Bernardus. "Granular dynamics of gas-solid two-phase flows." Enschede : University of Twente [Host], 2000. http://doc.utwente.nl/9461.
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Wielage, Kerstin. "Analysis of non-Newtonian and two-Phase flows." kostenfrei, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=978191463.
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Wetind, Ruben. "Two-phase flows in gas-evolving electrochemical applications." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3223.
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Xu, Baopeng. "Large eddy simulation of evaporating two-phase flows." Thesis, Kingston University, 2006. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20324/.
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The objective of this study is to develop a CFD tool for performing reliable large eddy simulation (LES) of the compressible evaporating two-phase turbulent flow in a gas turbine combustor. The KIVA-3V code originally developed by Los Alamos National Laboratory is used as a baseline code. The KIVA-3V code has been modified to facilitate LES calculations. Both the temporal and spatial accuracies of the original KIVA-3V code have been improved to second order. A one-equation subgrid scale (SGS) turbulence model is implemented to describe the unresolved turbulent subgrid effect. To ensure that there are sufficient particle numbers to capture the dynamic droplet dispersion process, the ETAB breakup model coupled with a new hybrid droplet-particle algorithm is also implemented into the code. Furthermore, the effect of the subgrid scale (SGS) velocity on the droplet dispersion is included. The SGS velocity is computed from the subgrid turbulent kinetic energy predicted by the one-equation SGS turbulence model. A new collision model based on the concept of "particle cloud" is proposed and implemented in the code. The new model greatly reduces the grid-dependence of the original O'Rourke model in a Cartesian mesh. The gas solver of the new LES version of KIVA-3V code, which will be referred as KIVA-LES hereby) is validated against large eddy simulations of natural and forced plane impinging jets. Predictions were carried out for different inflow conditions, which include a natural plane impinging jet with a random perturbation on the inflow plane and a forced plane impinging jet with a Strouhal number of 0.36, locked both in phase and laterally in space. The first simulation was performed to quantitatively study the mean flow and turbulence statistics. The computed field variables and turbulence intensity of streamwise velocity agreed well with the experimental results. The second simulation was performed to study the vortex structures of a forced plane impinging jet. The predictions captured the typical vortex structures of this kind of flow, such as spanwise rollers, successive ribs, cross ribs and wall ribs were reproduced by the simulation, which were also previously detected by the experiment of Sakakibara et al. (103) with digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) system, but to our -best knowledge never wholly reproduced by numerical simulations to date. Moreover, the study has also led to some new findings related to the formation and evolution of successive ribs, cross ribs and wall ribs. The new collision model is tested against analytical solutions of simplified realistic collision problems in a box volume. The grid-dependence of the model is also checked against some spray test cases. The new collision scheme is computationally more efficient than the frequently used O'Rourke's (87) scheme since it abandons a sampling procedure to compute the collision number. The new model delivers sufficient accuracy in calculating the collision numbers in cases with uniformly distributed droplets although O'Rourke's model seems to perform better for these scenarios. However, for the prediction of a real spray in Cartesian gird, the new model has delivered much improved results. The predictions of the new model do not show any grid-dependent artefacts. KIVA-LES with the Lagrangian spray models is used to predict non-evaporating and evaporating diesel fuel sprays. The computed results are compared with the experimental data by Hiroyasu and Kadota (55) and Naber and Siebers (81), as well as the predictions of the original KIVA-3V. The predictions are in good agreement with the data. The large scale vortical structures are reproduced by the LES simulations, which cause "branch-like" spray shape and influence the spray penetration depth. The predictions have also captured the differences between the dense and dilute regions of the sprays. The LES analysis of diesel sprays has also demonstrated that SGS velocity has significant influence on the predicted spray angles. Most importantly, grid-convergent results, which were difficult to obtain with the original KIVA-3V, have been obtained in the present study. Finally, the validated code is used to study evaporating two-phase spray flow in a coaxial gas turbine model combustor. The predictions were compared with some published experimental data. This is a first step towards a more comprehensive numerical analysis of practical industrial combustors where multiple inlets and more complex combustor geometry are encountered. Good agreement with the data is achieved. The predictions have captured the "ring-like" vortex just downstream the annulus and "worm-like" streamwise vortical structure further downstream. The axial droplet mass flux and Sauter mean radius (SMR) are well predicted. Overall the present study has demonstrated the capability of KIVA-LES with the newly developed collision model to provide reasonably accurate predictions of evaporating two-phase flows in coaxial gas turbine combustors.
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Mankad, Sunil. "Heat transfer in two phase solid-liquid flows." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307988.
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Koh, Christopher James Leal L. Gary. "Experimental and theoretical studies on two-phase flows /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 1991. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-06062005-103146.
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Westhead, Andrew Hou Thomas Y. "Upscaling for two-phase flows in porous media /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2005. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-05252005-085744.
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Hunt, William E. "Breakup and coalescence in turbulent two-phase flows." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40633.
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Many engineering processes involve a gas and a liquid or two immiscible liquids in
turbulent flow. The turbulent flows present in two-phase systems will cause the bubbles
or drops of a dispersion to undergo breakup and coalescence, and the resulting changes in
the dispersion may significantly affect the engineering process under consideration. For
this reason, many researchers have studied breakup and coalescence in turbulent two phase
flows. Models that can be used to simulate changes in a dispersion over time have
been proposed, but these models contain constants that change with experimental
conditions and empirical equations that can only be considered valid for certain
experimental setups. The goal of this study was to develop general models that could be
used to predict changes in bubble or drop size distributions over time for turbulent flows
in agitated vessels and pipes.
<p>Computer programs were written to reproduce the results of three agitated vessel
studies. These programs used existing population balance models to approximate the
changes in a dispersion over time measured in previous experiments. A new model for
breakup in agitated vessels was then developed and verified with existing experimental
data. A new model for coalescence in agitated vessels was also developed and verified
with existing experimental data. Both of these models are based on theory and are more
readily extendible than previous breakup and coalescence models. The work for agitated
vessels was then extended to turbulent two-phase pipe flow. Since there was only a
limited amount of experimental data available for breakup and coalescence in pipes, the
model for turbulent pipe flow could not be verified.<br>Master of Science
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Zhang, Duo. "Lattice Boltzmann modelling of immiscible two-phase flows." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2015. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2038199/.
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The scope of the current thesis is the comprehensive understanding of the droplet impact and spreading dynamics on flat and curved surfaces with the aim of simulating high density ratio immiscible two phase flows in porous media. Understanding the dynamic behavior of droplet impingement onto solid substrate can provide significant information about the fluid flow dynamics in porous structures. The numerically study process will be realized by using a high density ratio multi-phase lattice Boltzmann model which is able to simulate multi-phase flows in complex systems. The interfacial information between the two immiscible phases can be captured without tracking or constructing the vapour-liquid interface. A three dimensional lattice Boltzmann model is applied on the study of the impaction of a liquid droplet on a dry flat surface for a liquid-gas system with large density ratio. The impaction of liquid droplet on a curved surface for the liquid-gas system with large density ratio and low kinematic viscosity of the fluid is computed by a two-dimensional multi-relaxation-time (MRT) interaction-potential-based lattice Boltzmann model based on the improved forcing scheme. The dynamics behaviors of the spreading of the liquid droplet on the flat surface as well as the impaction of the liquid droplet on a curved surface are computed, followed by their dependence on the Reynolds number, Weber number, Galilei number and surface characteristics. Moreover, an improved force scheme is proposed for the three-dimensional MRT pseudopotential lattice Boltzmann model which is based on the improved force scheme for the Single relaxation time (SRT) pseudopotential lattice Boltzmann model and the Chapman-Enskog analysis. The validation for the new developed three-dimensional multi-relaxation time lattice Boltzmann model is carried out through Laplace’s law ad by achieving thermodynamic consistency. In addition, the relationship between the fluid-solid interaction potential parameter Gw and the contact angle is investigated for the new developed three-dimensional MRT lattice Boltzmann model. The immiscible two-phase flow in porous media is carried out by a two dimensional MRT lattice Boltzmann model. The porous media structures with different geometrical properties are artificially generated by a Boolean model based on a random distribution of overlapping ellipses/circles. Furthermore, the impact of geometrical properties on the immiscible two-phase flows in porous media is investigated in the pore scale. The lattice Boltzmann model results provide significant information i on the interface between the two immiscible phases in complex systems, it is easy to apply for complex domains with bounce back boundary wall condition and be able to handle multi-phase and multi-component flows without tracing the interfaces between different phases.
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Lettieri, Claudio. "Large eddy simulation of two-phase reacting flows." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11285.
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Stevenson, Paul. "Particle transport in pipes by two-phase flows." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251778.
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Karim, Othman A. "Prediction of two and three dimensional turbulent flows." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266196.
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Lucas, G. P. "The measurement of two-phase flow parameters in vertical and deviated flows." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292554.
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Doup, Benjamin. "Experimental Investigation of Flow Structure Development in Air-water Two-phase Flows." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1332514704.
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Rusche, Henrik. "Computational fluid dynamics of dispersed two-phase flows at high phase fractions." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8110.
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Rapisarda, Andrea. "Hydrodynamic characterization of two/three phase flow regimes in stirred tank." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
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Questo progetto di ricerca riguarda i processi di miscelazione in sistemi multifase meccanicamente agitati(regime turbolento). I sistemi studiati sono: gas-liquido, solido-liquido e gas-solido-liquido. Lo scopo è quello di analizzare il movimento delle particelle solide all'interno di un recipiente agitato, calcolandone la velocità(n) alle quali si è ottenuto lo stato di estrazione delle particelle(nJD), della completa dispersione(nCD) e del loading(nloading), attraverso l'uso di due diversi valori di diametro delle particelle.
Le misure sono state effettuate utilizzando due giranti su un albero e condotte con 6 diverse portate di gas e (da 3 a 6) concentrazioni X di particelle solide.
La presente ricerca dimostra che i valori di nloading non dipendono dalla concentrazione X di particelle nel sistema con acqua come fase liquida per entrambi i diametri di particelle dp, nel sistema con 0.4 Kmol/m3 di NaCl per dp1 e nel sistema con 0.8 Kmol/m3 di NaCl per dp2.
Nei sistemi con acqua e 0.4 Kmol/m3 di NaCl come fase liquida, i valori di nCD aumentano con l'aumento della concenrtrazione di particelle.
I valori di nJD aumentano significamente con l'aumento della concentrazione solida, per entrambi i diametri di particelle nel sistema a coalescenza(con acqua) e non coalescenza con concentrazione di elettrolita 0.8 Kmol/m3 di NaCl. La stessa dipendenza di nJD=f(X) è osservata per 0.4 Kmol/m3 di NaCl per dp2.
Per l'intera gamma di concentrazioni solide X, per lo stesso valore ddel diametro delle particelle, si ottengono valori inferiori di velocità di nloading, nCD, nJD per la configurazione delle giranti CD6-PBT.
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Ahmadi, Motlagh Amir Hossein. "CFD simulation of two- and three-phase flow in FCC reactors." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/52621.
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Liquid distribution and evaporation in Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) reactors are investigated
numerically. The well-documented inaccuracy of conventional two-fluid modeling of hydrodynamics in fluidized beds of Geldart Group A particles is revisited. A new force-balance (FB) sub-grid-scale model, introduced and applied to the conventional Wen-Yu drag correlation, analyzes the balance of van der Waals, drag, gravity and buoyancy forces. It predicts formation of agglomerates inside the bed, updating the drag calculations by applying a correction factor to the conventional drag models. Good predictions are obtained of fluidization regimes and bed
expansion, and there is promising agreement with experimental time-average radial voidage
profiles reported by Dubrawski et al. (2013). Good quantitative agreement between discrete
element models (DEM) and two-fluid predictions of minimum bubbling velocity is also observed
when the model is used to predict minimum bubbling velocity, in contrast to the predictions from
a non-cohesive, Wen-Yu model.
Liquid injection experiments on a lab-scale fluidized bed were conducted, at the Institute of
Chemical and Fuels from Alternative Sources (ICFAR) in London, Ontario to study the
distribution, as well as the penetration, of liquid into catalyst pores. The results shed light on complexities involved in the injection zone to understand the effect of superficial gas velocity on evaporation and imbibition of liquid into particle pores. A methodology is developed to couple and incorporate existing liquid imbibition (into particle pores) models with evaporation models in the CFD code. The results are compared to another set of lab-scale experiments conducted at the British Columbia Research Institute (BCRI) facilities in Burnaby, BC. Simulation results demonstrate that CFD models can capture correct qualitative behavior of liquid injection and evaporation inside the bed. However, quantitative deviations revealed the likely effect of hydrodynamic properties on drying from both the liquid film around the particles and inside the pores. The deviations also imply that the assumption of convection- or diffusion-dominant drying might be unsuitable, and the two should be combined. Based on experimental results, a methodology is proposed to include the effect of hydrodynamic properties such as superficial gas velocity and particle impact velocity on drying.<br>Applied Science, Faculty of<br>Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of<br>Graduate
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Sankaran, Vaidyanathan. "Sub-grid Combustion Modeling for Compressible Two-Phase Flows." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5274.
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A generic formulation for modeling the sub-grid combustion in
compressible, high Reynolds number, two-phase, reacting flows has
been developed and validated. A sub-grid mixing/combustion model
called Linear Eddy Mixing (LEM) model has been extended to
compressible flows and used inside the framework of Large Eddy
Simulation (LES) in this LES-LEM approach. The LES-LEM approach is
based on the proposition that the basic mechanistic distinction
between the convective and the molecular effects should be
preserved for accurate prediction of the complex flow-fields such
as those encountered in many combustion systems. In LES-LEM, all
the physical processes such as molecular diffusion, small and
large scale turbulent convection and chemical reaction are modeled
separately but concurrently at their respective time scales. This
multi-scale phenomena is solved using a two-scale numerical
approach, wherein molecular diffusion, small scale turbulent
convection and chemical reaction are grouped as small scale
processes and the convection at the (LES grid) resolved scales are
deemed as the large scale processes. Small-scale processes are
solved using a hybrid finite-difference Monte-carlo type approach
in a one-dimensional domain. Large-scale advection on the
three-dimensional LES grid is modeled in a Lagrangian manner that
conserves mass.
Liquid droplets (represented by computational parcels) are tracked
using the Lagrangian approach wherein the Newton's equation of
motion for the discrete particles are integrated explicitly in the
Eulerian gas field.
Drag effects due to the droplets on the gas phase and the heat
transfer between the gas and the liquid phase are explicitly
included. Thus, full coupling is achieved between the two phases
in the simulation.
Validation of the compressible LES-LEM approach is conducted by
simulating the flow-field in an operational General Electric
Power Systems' combustor (LM6000). The results predicted using
the proposed approach compares well with the experiments and a
conventional (G-equation) thin-flame model.
Particle tracking algorithms used in the present study are
validated by simulating droplet laden temporal mixing layers.
Comparison of the energy growth in the fundamental and
sub-harmonic mode in the presence and absence of the droplets
shows excellent agreement with spectral DNS.
Finally, to test the ability of the present two-phase LES-LEM in
simulating partially premixed combustion, a LES of freely
propagating partially premixed flame in a droplet-laden isotropic
turbulent field is conducted. LES-LEM along with the spray models
correctly captures the flame structure in the partially premixed
flames. It was found that most of the fuel droplets completely
vaporize before reaching the flame, and hence provides a
continuous supply of reactants, which results in an intense
reaction zone similar to a premixed flame. Some of the droplets
that did not evaporate completely, traverse through the flame and
vaporize suddenly in the post flame zone. Due to the strong
spatial variation of equivalence ratio a broad flame similar to a
premixed flame is realized. Triple flame structure are also
observed in the flow-field due to the equivalence ratio
fluctuations.
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Akselsen, Andreas Holm. "Simulation of Unstable Two-phase Flows in Long Risers." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for energi- og prosessteknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18861.
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The principles of the object oriented slug tracking schemes at EPT (Department of Energy and Process Engineering, NTNU) have been developed and discussed in some detail.Simple bench-mark testing revealed that the LASSI code suffers form a pipe inclination-dependant lack of mass conservation, the cause of which is presently unidentified.Comparing simplified and non-simplified SLUGGIT simulations with experimental data published by Taitel <i>et al.</i> mostly indicate a reasonable correspondence, though the precision is somewhat imprecise. In particular, obtaining stable riser flow (free of significant pressure oscillations) at low liquid flow rates was not managed without excessive gas rates.This is possibly a consequence of the method's intrinsic slug flow approximation to dispersed regimes, but further investigation showed that the methods stability response altered with recent code versions in which alterations to management procedures was identified as the main differences, indicating that the SLUGGIT method's riser stability properties are quite sensitive to intuition-based section management routines. Further developing the models to better accommodate vertical flow regimes is advised.Supplementary testing was afforded through the development of a steady-state unit-cell type model for phase fractions in the riser. Excellent accordance with simulation data was found, confirming that the SLUGGIT model is capable of reproducing stable, expanding bubble flow. Coarse resolution served to disturb this process as bubbles becomes longer and are affected by riser entrance and exit effects. It was also found that pressure oscillations caused by such entrance and exit effects display the typical characteristics of terrain slugging and may be mistaken as such.With basis in the P50 Girassol pipeline, a systematic investigation into operational instability phenomena has been carried out using the available boundary conditions. Instabilities rooted in gas accumulation in jumpers, possibly also influenced by the U-bend, were found when studying the fixed pressure open inlet condition. The character of these instabilities were of a frequency and intermittency uncongenial to the field data. Most instability phenomena captured in these simulations were sensitive to changes in geometry, inlet condition and management parameters. Severe slugging was initially found to dominate the flow picture with a fixed flow closed inlet condition. Also this type of operational instability had too high a frequency to be a match with the field data. Nor does the well-know `shark fin' pressure profile of the terrain slugging liquid build-up and blow-out precesses match the sinusoidal character of the field data.It was recently found that the supplied field data needed adjustment for phase transition at the inlet state, amounting to a considerable reduction in gas flow. This produced predictions of more stable production compatible with those generated by external participant, though significant pressure fluctuations were still observed. These fluctuations were found to originate from slugging in the U-bend and entrance effects as large Taylor bubbles formed through coalescence and penetrated into the riser.This latter cause is believed to be a feature of the limited, non-dispersed flow objects available in the EPT models.A production index type boundary condition was implemented to better accommodate the well production response. Even so, the conditions under which the Girassol field instability data was recorded could not be recreated satisfactorily without gas lift and PVT support implemented. Simulations including the productivity index inlet indicated, for the most part, that without the presence of a gas lift system, the pipeline is likely to come to a complete stand-still; unless the liquid in riser and well are strongly aerated at all times, the well head will not be sufficient to overcome the total system liquid column weight.
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Pannala, Sreekanth. "On large eddy simulations of reacting two-phase flows." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11978.
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Kennedy, Deniz. "Level Set Methods for Two-Phase Flows with FEM." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-238163.
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Two-phase flows is a branch of multiphase flows. The aim of the project is to implement two different level set methods and analyse and compare the numerical results. The level set method is used in order to represent the behaviour of the interface between two incompressible fluids in a flow. Reinitialization is a method to straighten a distorted shape of the level set function that might be caused by the numerical solution of the convection equation and/or by the complicated fluid velocity fields. The main purpose of reinitialization is to preserve the level set function, and thus the shape of the interface as much as possible throughout the simulation. In order to avoid the oscillations, the stationary weak form is approximated with Galerkin Least Squares (GLS) finite element instead of standard finite element approximation. In order to create the velocity field of the incompressible fluid for the benchmark case, the Stokes equations are solved. The stability has to be measured carefully as it has imbalance between space stability and time stability as well as with the reinitialization. The convergence rates in the numerical results for the both experiment and benchmark cases show that reinitializations usually give a better result. Further researches for this paper could be using another FEM stabilization method, which is other than GLS, in order to solve the stabilization problem in 2D.
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Larmer, Christopher. "A study of two-phase flows in supersonic jets." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442279.
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Strinopoulos, Theofilos Hou Thomas Y. "Upscaling immiscible two-phase flows in an adaptive frame /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2006. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-02192006-165348.
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Djati, Nabil. "Study of interface capturing methods for two-phase flows." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI052/document.
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Cette thèse est consacrée au développement et à la comparaison des méthodes de suivi d'interface pour les écoulements diphasiques incompressibles. Elle s'intéresse à la sélection de méthodes robustes de suivi d'interface, puis à leur couplage avec le solveur des équations de Navier-Stokes. La méthode level-set est en premier lieu étudiée, en particulier l'influence du schéma d'advection et de l'étape de réinitialisation sur la qualité des résultats du suivi d'interface. Il a été montré que la méthode de réinitialisation avec contrainte de volume est robuste et précise en combinaison avec des schémas conservatifs WENO d'ordre 5 pour l'advection. Il a été constaté que les erreurs du suivi d'interface augmentent de manière abrupte lorsque la condition CFL est trop petite. Comme remède, la réinitialisation du champ level-set effectuée moins souvent réduit la diffusion numérique et le déplacement non-physique de l'interface. La conservation de la masse n'est pas assurée avec les méthodes level-set. Les méthodes VOF (volume-of-fluid) qui conservent naturellement la masse du fluide de référence sont alors étudiées. Une résolution géométrique avec un schéma consistent et conservatif est alors adoptée, ainsi qu'une autre technique alternative plus aisément extensible en 3D. Il a été trouvé que ces deux dernières méthodes donnent des résultats très proches. La méthode MOF (moment-of-fluid), qui reconstruit l'interface en utilisant le centre de masse du fluide de référence, est plus précise que les méthodes VOF. Différentes méthodes couplées entre level-set et VOF sont alors étudiées, notamment: CLSVOF, MCLS, VOSET et CLSMOF. Il a été observé que la méthode level-set tend à épaissir les filaments minces, tandis que VOF et les méthodes couplées les fragmentent en petites particules. Finalement, on a couplé les méthodes level-set et VOF avec le solveur incompressible des équations de Navier-Stokes. On a comparé différentes manières de prise en compte des conditions de saut à l'interface (lisse et raide). Il a été montré que les méthodes VOF sont plus robustes, et donnent d'excellents résultats pour quasiment toutes les simulations. Deux méthodes level-set donnant de très bons résultats, comparables à ceux de VOF, sont aussi identifiées<br>This thesis is devoted to the development and comparison of interface methods for incompressible two-phase flows. It focuses on the selection of robust interface capturing methods, then on the manner of their coupling with the Navier-stokes solver. The level-set method is first investigated, in particular the influence of the advection scheme and the reinitialization step on the accuracy of the interface capturing. It is shown that the volume constraint method for reinitialization is robust and accurate in combination with the conservative fifth-order WENO schemes for the advection. It is found that interface errors increase drastically when the CFL number is very small. As a remedy, reinitializing the level-set field less often reduces the amount of numerical diffusion and non-physical interface displacement. Mass conservation is, however, not guaranteed with the level-set methods. The volume-of-fluid (VOF) method is then investigated, which naturally conserves the mass of the reference fluid. A geometrical consistent and conservative scheme is adopted, then an alternative technique more easily extended to 3D. It is found that both methods give very similar results. The moment-of-fluid (MOF) method, which reconstructs the interface using the reference fluid centroid, is found to be more accurate than the VOF methods. Different coupled level-set and VOF methods are then investigated, namely: CLSVOF, MCLS, VOSET and CLSMOF. It is observed that the level-set method tends to thicken thin filaments, whereas the VOF and coupled methods break up thin structures in small fluid particles. Finally, we coupled the level-set and volume-of-fluid methods with the incompressible Navier-Stokes solver. We compared different manners (sharp and smoothed) of treating the interface jump conditions. It is shown that the VOF methods are more robust, and provide excellent results for almost all the performed simulations. Two level-set methods are also identified that give very good results, comparable to those obtained with the VOF methods
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Teng, Penghua. "CFD MODELLING OF TWO-PHASE FLOWS AT SPILLWAY AERATORS." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Vattendragsteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-202392.
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Due to the high-speed flow in a chute spillway, cavitation damages often occur. This undesired phenomenon threatens the safety of the structure. For the purpose of eliminating the damages, an aerator is often installed in the spillway. To understand its characteristics, physical model tests are a popular method. To complement the model tests, computation fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are used to study aerator flows. To represent the two-phase flows, multiphase models should be employed. This thesis examines two of them, namely, the Volume-Of-Fluid model (VOF) and Two-Fluid model. Based on the background of the Bergeforsen dam, the aerator flow is modelled by means of the VOF model. The simulated spillway discharge capacity is in accordance with the experimental data. Compared with the results, empirical formulas fail to evaluate the air supply capacity of aerator as it is wider than the conventional width. A hypothetical vent modification is proposed. For the original and proposed layouts, the study illustrates the difference in the air-flow conditions. The results show that a larger vent area is, for a large-width aerator, preferable in the middle of the chute. To study the flip bucket-shaped aerators in the Gallejaur dam, physical model tests and prototype observations are conducted. The results lead to contradicting conclusions in terms of jet breakup and air entrainment. A CFD model is, as an option, employed to explain the reason of the discrepancy. The numerical results coincide with the prototype observations. The jet breakup and air entrainment are evaluated from air cavity profiles; the air-pressure drops are small in the cavity. The discrepancy is due to overestimation of the surface-tension effect in the physical model tests. Based on the experimental data of an aerator rig at the Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW), ETH Zurich, the Two-Fluid model is used to predict air concentration distributions in the aerated flow. The model includes relevant forces governing the motion of bubbles and considers the effects of air bubble size. The numerical results are conformable to the experiments in the air cavity zone. Downstream of the cavity, the air concentration near the chute bottom is higher, which is presumably caused by the fact that the interfacial forces in the Two-Fluid model are underestimated.<br><p>QC 20170224</p>
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Saxby, Ben Alexander. "High-order XFEM with applications to two-phase flows." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/highorder-xfem-with-applications-to-twophase-flows(23ce37f3-5542-4650-a4d2-b3228f7cadf0).html.
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In this thesis we investigate the accuracy of high-order Extended Finite Element Methods (XFEMs) for the solution of discontinuous problems, with a view to computing high-order solutions to a two-phase flow problem. We start by demonstrating optimal exponential rates of convergence for a spectral/hp element method applied to a smooth problem. We then consider an immersed method on a fixed background mesh that uses level sets to capture the location of a discontinuity and the XFEM to characterise this discontinuity on element interiors. We present an improvement to the modified XFEM of [Moes et. al., 2003] and then use it to solve both a Poisson problem and a linear elasticity problem with discontinuities modelled independently of the mesh. Very close to optimal rates of convergence are recovered for the Poisson problem with both straight and quadratically curved interfaces for approximations up to order p=4. These rates are better than those published in the literature for the XFEM with a curved weak discontinuity, and they are also the first optimally convergent results achieved using the modified XFEM for any problem with approximations of order p>1. Almost optimal rates of convergence are then also recovered for an elastic problem with a circular discontinuity for approximations up to order p=4.The use of the XFEM for time-dependent problems is investigated, and a novel level set update method that retains the signed distance property without need for reinitialisation is also presented. Finally we apply these methods to the time-dependent simulation of a two-phase flow problem. We validate the method against both an analytic dispersion relation for relaxation under small interface perturbations and an existing implementation for large interface perturbations. We then present a proof-of-concept implementation of a high-order immersed method for an oscillating tank flow problem and demonstrate the ability of our implementation to simulate problems with large amplitude interface deformations.
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Holmgren, Hanna. "Modelling of Moving Contact Lines in Two-Phase Flows." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för beräkningsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-329059.
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Moving contact line problems appear in many natural and industrial processes. A contact line is formed where the interface between two immiscible fluids meets a solid wall. Examples from everyday life include raindrops falling on a window and water bugs resting on water surfaces. In many cases the dynamics of the contact line affects the overall behavior of the system. Industrial applications where the contact line behavior is important include gas and oil recovery in porous media, lubrication, inkjet printing and microfluidics. Computer simulations are fundamental tools to understand and predict the behavior. In this thesis we look at numerical simulations of dynamic contact line problems. Despite their importance, the physics of moving contact lines is poorly understood. The standard Navier-Stokes equations together with the conventional no-slip boundary condition predicts a singularity in the shear stresses at the contact line. Atomistic processes at the contact line come into play, and it is necessary to include these processes in the model to resolve the singularity. In the case of capillary driven flows for example, it has been observed that the microscopic contact line dynamics has a large impact on the overall macroscopic flow. In Paper I we present a new multiscale model for numerical simulation of flow of two immiscible and incompressible fluids in the presence of moving contact points (i.e. two-dimensional problems). The paper presents a new boundary methodology based on combining a relation between the apparent contact angle and the contact point velocity, and a similarity solution for Stokes flow at a planar interface (the analytic Huh and Scriven velocity). The relation between the angle and the velocity is determined by performing separate microscopic simulations. The classical Huh and Scriven solution is only valid for flow over flat walls. In Paper II we use perturbation analysis to extend the solution to flow over curved walls. Paper III presents the parallel finite element solver that is used to perform the numerical experiments presented in this thesis. Finally, the new multiscale model (presented in Paper I) is applied to a relevant microfluidic research problem in Paper IV. For this problem it is very important to have a model that accurately takes the atomistic effects at contact lines into account.
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Govan, Alastair Hamilton. "Modelling of vertical annular and dispersed two-phase flows." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8778.
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Neusser, Jochen [Verfasser]. "Numerical Approximation of Two-Phase Flows with and without Phase Transition / Jochen Neusser." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1100967869/34.
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Argyropoulos, Christos. "A combined immersed boundary/phase-field method for simulating two-phase pipe flows." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/51089.
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The investigation of the flow in a pipe is a major issue for the pipeline capacity but also plays an important role for the control and prevention of phenomena that could damage the pipe, such as corrosion, erosion, and the potential formation of wax or their deposits. Therefore, the characterization of the flow patterns is also a major issue for the prediction of the distribution over the cross-section of the pipe, in order to understand any problems that may interrupt or shut down the operation of the production line. The main purpose of the present effort is to develop an appropriate numerical method for simulating two-phase pipe flows. Advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods are employed as Navier-Stokes solver, while a Phase-Field method is used to simulate the interfacial region between the two fluids. A Ghost-Cell Immersed Boundary Method (GCIBM) was developed and implemented for the reconstruction of smooth rigid boundaries (pipe wall) based on the work of Tseng and Ferziger (2003). The method was also modified in order to incorporate appropriate boundary conditions for coupling the Phase-Field and Navier-Stokes solvers for two-phase pipe flows. Tseng and Ferziger (2003) used the GCIBM for turbulent single-phase flows; the present modified version comprises a continuation of the method for handling two-phase pipe flows. The computational model is capable of handling large density and viscosity ratios with good accuracy. The developed GCIBM algorithm was validated against analytical solutions for single and two-phase pipe flow, presenting very good agreement. The computational model was compared to available experimental data from the literature for single rising bubbles and bubble coalescence in vertical pipe also with good agreement. The numerical method was used to investigate the lateral wall effects of a 3-D single bubble in a viscous liquid for different pipe diameters and bubble flow regimes. The dynamics of 3-D Taylor bubbles was also examined in vertical pipes for different properties of fluids (e.g. air-water system) and dimensionless parameters relevant to the problem (e.g. ReB, Eo, Mo). The numerical results were compared with available experimental and numerical data from the literature, presenting good agreement.
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Zou, Ziqiang. "A sharp interface method for low Mach two-phase flows with phase change Toward asymptotic-preserving low-Mach correction for sharp interface two-phase flows with capillary effects An Accurate Sharp Interface Method for Two-Phase Compressible Flows at Low-Mach Regime." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03178310.
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Une approche d'interface raide est présentée pour le calcul des écoulements diphasiques avec tension superficielle et changement de phase en régime à faible nombre de Mach. Pour développer un tel modèle, où de légers effets compressibles sont pris en compte ainsi que des fermetures thermodynamiques correctes, le liquide et le gaz sont considérés comme compressibles et décrits par un solveur compressible précis. Ce solveur compressible adopte une technique de décomposition appelée "décomposition du transport acoustique" qui décompose le système Euler en deux parties: acoustique et transport. Sur la base du sous-système acoustique, un solveur de Riemann approximatif qui tient compte des effets de tension superficielle et de changement de phase est développé. L'interface de l'écoulement diphasique est capturée par la méthode de Level Set et considérée comme raide. La problème de la capture d'interface de la méthode Level Set dans le cadre Eulérien est le point clé des simulations d'écoulement diphasique, et dans ce travail, nous proposons et adoptons des approches d'ordre élevé pour l'advection de l'interface, la redistanciation et l'estimation de la courbure. En régime à faible nombre de Mach, les solveurs compressibles conventionnels perdent en précision et une correction à faible Mach est alors nécessaire pour réduire la dissipation numérique. Pour une méthode d'interface raide, l'interface est traitée comme la discontinuité de contact via la méthode Ghost Fluid. Sans une région lisse à l'interface, une telle discontinuité existant à l'interface présente un énorme défi pour la conception d'un schéma numérique. La correction à faible Mach bien connue dans la littérature pourrait conduire à une erreur de troncature significative, en particulier pour les écoulements diphasiques avec de grands rapports de densité et de vitesse du son. Pour retrouver une bonne propriété de préservation asymptotique, nous proposons une nouvelle correction à faible Mach avec une analyse asymptotique rigoureuse. Plusieurs cas de test numériques ont été utilisés pour valider la présente approche numérique et montrer ses bonnes performances<br>A sharp interface approach is presented for computing two-phase flows with surface tension and phase change in low Mach regime. To develop such a model, where slight compressible effects are taken into account as well as correct thermodynamical closures, both the liquid and the gas are considered compressible and described by a precise compressible solver. This compressible solver adopt a splitting technique called "acoustic-transport splitting" which splits the Euler system into two parts: acoustic and transport. Based on the acoustic subsystem, an approximate Riemann solver that accounts for surface tension and phase change effects is developed. The interface between two-phase flows is captured by the Level Set method that is considered to be sharp. The interface capturing issue of the Level Set method within the Eulerian framework is the key point of the two-phase flow simulations, and in this work we propose and adopt high-order approaches for interface advection, redistancing and curvature estimation. In low Mach regime, conventional compressible solvers lose accuracy and a low Mach correction is then necessary to reduce the numerical dissipation. For a sharp interface method, the interface is treated as the shock-wave contact discontinuity via the Ghost Fluid method. Without a smooth region at the interface, such discontinuity existing at the interface presents a huge challenge to the design of a numerical scheme. The well-known low Mach fix in literature could lead to significant truncation error, especially for two-phase flows with large density and sound speed ratios. To recover a good asymptotic-preserving property, we propose a new low Mach correction with rigorous asymptotic analysis. Several numerical test cases have been employed to validate the present numerical approach and enlighten its good performance