To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Two area.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Two area'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Two area.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Kirsten, Daniel, and Jerzy Marcinkowski. "Two Techniques in the Area of the Star Problem." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-100584.
Full textAbstract:
This paper deals with decision problems related to the star problem in trace monoids, which means to determine whether the iteration of a recognizable trace language is recognizable. Due to a theorem by G. Richomme from 1994 [32, 33], we know that the star problem is decidable in trace monoids which do not contain a submonoid of the form {a,c}* x {b,d}*.
Here, we consider a more general problem: Is it decidable whether for some recognizable trace language and some recognizable or finite trace language P the intersection R ∩ P* is recognizable? If P is recognizable, then we show that this problem is decidale iff the underlying trace monoid does not contain a submonoid of the form {a,c}* x b*. In the case of finite languages P, we show several decidability and undecidability results.
2
Kirsten, Daniel, and Jerzy Marcinkowski. "Two Techniques in the Area of the Star Problem." Technische Universität Dresden, 1999. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26306.
Full textAbstract:
This paper deals with decision problems related to the star problem in trace monoids, which means to determine whether the iteration of a recognizable trace language is recognizable. Due to a theorem by G. Richomme from 1994 [32, 33], we know that the star problem is decidable in trace monoids which do not contain a submonoid of the form {a,c}* x {b,d}*.
Here, we consider a more general problem: Is it decidable whether for some recognizable trace language and some recognizable or finite trace language P the intersection R ∩ P* is recognizable? If P is recognizable, then we show that this problem is decidale iff the underlying trace monoid does not contain a submonoid of the form {a,c}* x b*. In the case of finite languages P, we show several decidability and undecidability results.
3
O'Mara, Myles. "Predicting Hand Surface Area from a Two-Dimensional Hand Tracing." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7070.
Full textAbstract:
Recent occupational health studies have focused on dermal exposure at the hands, but have been unable to accurately express dose without knowing the HSA. There is no standard method to calculate HSA, though some researchers have derived HSA formulas based on dimensions from a Taiwanese population. This research paper describes a shortcut method to estimate the hand surface area (HSA) of a human hand from a two-dimensional hand tracing, and repeated a Taiwanese HSA study in order to explore the viability of its HSA formula in an American university population. A sample of nine adult men and nine adult women, each representing one third of the population percentile in hand length and hand breadth, were selected from a population within the University of South Florida in Tampa, FL. Hand length, breadth, a 2D hand tracing and a 3D light hand scan were collected from each participant. A linear regression was used to analyze the data sets and found a correlation (R=0.94) between 2D HSA and 3D HSA and slope of 2.6 (SD=0.2), with a regression equation of Y=2.6(X). A paired t-test was used to compare the Taiwanese HSA formula data against the 3D HSA. Results found that the Taiwanese data sets were significantly different from the 3D HSA (p<0.001), averaging 57 cm2 less than the 3D HSA. A jackknife analysis was implemented on the 2D HSA hand tracing data, and a paired t-test was performed between the jackknife estimate predictions and 3D HSA. Mean differences were not significantly different (p=0.97), with 0.87 cm2 difference between means. Results indicate that the USF Hand Tracing Method will provide a better estimate of HSA than the Taiwanese method, and can be used as a tool in HSA estimation.
4
Wang, Xia. "Simulations of Two-phase Flows Using Interfacial Area Transport Equation." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1282066341.
Full text
5
MacDonald, Robert J. (Robert James) Carleton University Dissertation Information and Systems Science. ""Performance analysis of two hop" "CSMA_CD/TDMA networks." Ottawa, 1989.
Find full text
6
Subari, Khazaimatol Shima. "A comparative study of two area function derivation techniques for fricative synthesis." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430501.
Full text
7
Wu, Yimin A. "Towards large area single crystalline two dimensional atomic crystals for nanotechnology applications." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:bdb827e5-f3fd-4806-8085-0206e67c7144.
Full textAbstract:
Nanomaterials have attracted great interest due to the unique physical properties and great potential in the applications of nanoscale devices. Two dimensional atomic crystals, which are atomic thickness, especially graphene, have triggered the gold rush recently due to the fascinating high mobility at room temperature for future electronics. The crystal structure of nanomaterials will have great influence on their physical properties. Thus, this thesis is focused on developing the methods to control the crystal structure of nanomaterials, namely quantum dots as semiconductor, boron nitride (BN) as insulator, graphene as semimetal, with low cost for their applications in photonics, structural support and electronics. In this thesis, firstly, Mn doped ZnSe quantum dots have been synthesized using colloidal synthesis. The shape control of Mn doped ZnSe quantum dots has been achieved from branched to spherical by switching the injection temperature from kinetics to thermodynamics region. Injection rates have been found to have effect on controlling the crystal phase from zinc blende to wurtzite. The structural-property relationship has been investigated. It is found that the spherical wurtzite Mn doped ZnSe quantum dots have the highest quantum yield comparing with other shape or crystal phase of the dots. Then, the Mn doped ZnSe quantum dots were deposited onto the BN sheets, which were micron-sized and fabricated by chemical exfoliation, for high resolution imaging. It is the first demonstration of utilizing ultrathin carbon free 2D atomic crystal as support for high resolution imaging. Phase contrast images reveal moiré interference patterns between nanocrystals and BN substrate that are used to determine the relative orientation of the nanocrystals with respect to the BN sheets and interference lattice planes using a newly developed equation method. Double diffraction is observed and has been analyzed using a vector method. As only a few microns sized 2D atomic crystal, like BN, can be fabricated by the chemical exfoliation. Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) is as used as an alternative to fabricate large area graphene. The mechanism and growth dynamics of graphene domains have been investigated using Cu catalyzed atmospheric pressure CVD. Rectangular few layer graphene domains were synthesized for the first time. It only grows on the Cu grains with (111) orientation due to the interplay between atomic structure of Cu lattice and graphene domains. Hexagonal graphene domains can form on nearly all non-(111) Cu surfaces. The few layer hexagonal single crystal graphene domains were aligned in their crystallographic orientation over millimetre scale. In order to improve the alignment and reduce the layer of graphene domains, a novel method is invented to perform the CVD reaction above the melting point of copper (1090 ºC) and using molybdenum or tungsten to prevent the balling of the copper from dewetting. By controlling the amount of hydrogen during the growth, individual single crystal domains of monolayer over 200 µm are produced determined by electron diffraction mapping. Raman mapping shows the monolayer nature of graphene grown by this method. This graphene exhibits a linear dispersion relationship and no sign of doping. The large scale alignment of monolayer hexagonal graphene domains with epitaxial relationship on Cu is the key to get wafer-sized single crystal monolayer graphene films. This paves the way for industry scale production of 2D single crystal graphene.
8
Breuss, Fritz, and Katrin Rabitsch. "An estimated two-country DSGE model of Austria and the Euro Area." Europainstitut, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2008. http://epub.wu.ac.at/558/1/document.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
We present a two-country New Open Economy Macro model of the Austrian economy within the European Union's Economic & Monetary Union (EMU). The model includes both nominal and real frictions that have proven to be important in matching business cycle facts, and that allows for an investigation of the effects and cross-country transmission of a number of structural shocks: shocks to technologies, shocks to preferences, cost-push type shocks and policy shocks. The model is estimated using Bayesian methods on quarterly data covering the period of 1976:Q1- 2005:Q1. In addition to the assessment of the relative importance of various shocks, the model also allows to investigate effects of the monetary regime switch with the final stage of the EMU and investigates in how far this has altered macroeconomic transmission. We find that Austria's economy appears to react stronger to demand shocks, while in the rest of the Euro Area supply shocks have a stronger impact. Comparing the estimations on pre-EMU and EMU subsamples we find that the contribution of (rest of the) Euro Area shocks to Austria's business cycle fluctuations has increased significantly. (author´s abstract)<br>Series: EI Working Papers / Europainstitut
9
Stukel, Diana M. (Diane Maria) Carleton University Dissertation Mathematics. "Small area estimation under one and two-fold nested error regression models." Ottawa, 1991.
Find full text
10
Wu, Shuang. "Algebraic area distribution of two-dimensional random walks and the Hofstadter model." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS459/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse porte sur le modèle de Hofstadter i.e., un électron qui se déplace sur un réseau carré couplé à un champ magnétique homogène et perpendiculaire au réseau. Son spectre en énergie est l'un des célèbres fractals de la physique quantique, connu sous le nom "le papillon de Hofstadter". Cette thèse consiste en deux parties principales: la première est l'étude du lien profond entre le modèle de Hofstadter et la distribution de l’aire algébrique entourée par les marches aléatoires sur un réseau carré bidimensionnel. La seconde partie se concentre sur les caractéristiques spécifiques du papillon de Hofstadter et l'étude de la largeur de bande du spectre. On a trouvé une formule exacte pour la trace de l'Hamiltonien de Hofstadter en termes des coefficients de Kreft, et également pour les moments supérieurs de la largeur de bande.Cette thèse est organisée comme suit. Dans le chapitre 1, on commence par la motivation de notre travail. Une introduction générale du modèle de Hofstadter ainsi que des marches aléatoires sera présentée. Dans le chapitre 2, on va montrer comment utiliser le lien entre les marches aléatoires et le modèle de Hofstadter. Une méthode de calcul de la fonction génératrice de l'aire algébrique entourée par les marches aléatoires planaires sera expliquée en détail. Dans le chapitre 3, on va présenter une autre méthode pour étudier ces questions en utilisant le point de vue "point spectrum traces" et retrouver la trace de Hofstadter complète. De plus, l'avantage de cette construction est qu'elle peut être généralisée au cas de "l'amost Mathieu opérateur". Dans le chapitre 4, on va introduire la méthode développée par D.J.Thouless pour le calcul de la largeur de bande du spectre de Hofstadter. En suivant la même logique, on va montrer comment généraliser la formule de la largeur de bande de Thouless à son n-ième moment, à définir plus précisément ultérieurement<br>This thesis is about the Hofstadter model, i.e., a single electron moving on a two-dimensional lattice coupled to a perpendicular homogeneous magnetic field. Its spectrum is one of the famous fractals in quantum mechanics, known as the Hofstadter's butterfly. There are two main subjects in this thesis: the first is the study of the deep connection between the Hofstadter model and the distribution of the algebraic area enclosed by two-dimensional random walks. The second focuses on the distinctive features of the Hofstadter's butterfly and the study of the bandwidth of the spectrum. We found an exact expression for the trace of the Hofstadter Hamiltonian in terms of the Kreft coefficients, and for the higher moments of the bandwidth.This thesis is organized as follows. In chapter 1, we begin with the motivation of our work and a general introduction to the Hofstadter model as well as to random walks will be presented. In chapter 2, we will show how to use the connection between random walks and the Hofstadter model. A method to calculate the generating function of the algebraic area distribution enclosed by planar random walks will be explained in details. In chapter 3, we will present another method to study these issues, by using the point spectrum traces to recover the full Hofstadter trace. Moreover, the advantage of this construction is that it can be generalized to the almost Mathieu operator. In chapter 4, we will introduce the method which was initially developed by D.J.Thouless to calculate the bandwidth of the Hofstadter spectrum. By following the same logic, I will show how to generalize the Thouless bandwidth formula to its n-th moment, to be more precisely defined later
11
Olofsson, Anna-Maria. "Manchester vs : London - The etymology of the place-names of the two areas in connection with British history." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Humanities (HUM), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-1736.
Full textAbstract:
<p>The fact that five invasions have taken place in Great Britain, which all made a big impact on the country, makes the history of place-names particularly interesting. The aim of this essay is therefore to compare place-names in the Manchester area and the London area, and try to find the origin of the names. An additional aim is to find out which foreign invasion, if any, has coloured the areas the most.</p>
12
Varol, Nebibe 1980. "Inventory deployment and market area segmentation in a two-echelon distribution network design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17728.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, 2004.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 125-128).<br>Most of the logistics systems involve a multi-level distribution system structure due to value added by a multi-level configuration. Interactions of these levels, i.e. echelons, should be considered while making strategic decisions regarding the choice of the size, number and location of stocking sites as well as the tactical decision regarding the choice of inventory policy to be used. We analyze a two-echelon distribution network to characterize the market segmentation of each echelon and inventory deployment between the two-levels. Allocation of stock under a stochastic demand structure is considered simultaneously with warehousing and transportation decisions, which is an extension of the General Optimal Market Area (GOMA) Model developed by Erlenkotter. The distribution of inventory is investigated under different stock policies and the sensitivity of this distribution to various system parameters is analyzed.<br>by Nebibe Varol.<br>S.M.
13
Paczulla, Jutta Carleton University Dissertation International Affairs. "Premises for German unification: two case studies in the area of economic cooperation." Ottawa, 1991.
Find full text
14
Agbomeji, Ayinda Mojeed Oladele. "An investigation into factors that shape secondary school female retention in two rural public schools, Alimosho Region, Lagos State, Nigeria." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004331.
Full textAbstract:
Challenges of access to education in the developing world and elsewhere appear to be widespread. Many declarations and conventions have been developed to assist countries to respond to the issue. While challenges of access are universal, Africa in general and sub-Saharan Africa in particular are presented with additional concerns about gender equality and gender parity. While learner numbers seem to be on the decline globally, dropout amongst girls is disproportionately greater than amongst boys. Even though school retention presents a challenge at all levels of the schooling system, it is more acute for girls at the secondary school level. This study was conducted to examine and understand factors that shape retention of secondary school female learners in two rural public schools in Alimosho Region of Lagos State, Nigeria. The study design was qualitative and interpretive in nature. Data collection strategies included administered questionnaires in two schools, focus group discussion with twenty female learners in two schools, case studies, individual interviews with four participants from two schools, and observation in English and Biology classes where the two teachers from the two schools participated in the interviews. Ethical clearance from Alimosho Educational Region office and the two schools was obtained before undertaking the study. Participants’ school principals also signed written consent forms before interviews. The female learners were briefed about the study interview activities and advised that their participation was voluntary and that they were free to withdraw at any point. This study drew on Sen’s (1989, 2000) capabilities theory to understand the phenomenon beyond dominant discourses on education that view education as a basic human right or that focus on economic and development gains. The key finding of this study is that in-school and out- of- school factors interact in complex ways to support female learner retention. Key among these are value placed on education by female learners and significant others, particularly parents; family support; and individual aspirations. Extra-curricular participation, government policy, role models, and peer support were also found to be important factors that mediate progression and retention.
15
Sami, Abdul Wahab. "Area Efficient ADC for Low Frequency Application." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Elektroniska Kretsar och System, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-117413.
Full textAbstract:
Analog to digital converters (ADCs) are the fundamental building blocks in communication systems. The need to design ADCs, which are area and/or power efficient, has been common. Various ADC architectures, constrained by resolution capabilities, can be used for this purpose. The cyclic algorithmic architecture of ADC with moderate number of bits comes out to be probably best choice for the minimum area implementation. In this thesis a cyclic ADC is designed using CMOS 65 nm technology. The ADC high-level model is thoroughly explored and its functional blocks are modelled to attain the best possible performance. In particular, the nonlinearities which affect the cyclic/algorithmic converter are discussed. This ADC has been designed for built-in-self-testing (BiST) on a chip. It is only functional during the testing phase, so power dissipation is not a constraint while designing it. As it is supposed to be integrated as an extra circuitry on a chip, its area really matters. The ADC is designed as 10-bit fully differential switch-capacitor (SC) circuit using 65nm CMOS process with 1.2V power supply. A two stage Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) is used in this design to provide sufficient voltage gain. The first stage is a telescopic OTA whereas the second is a common source amplifier. The bottom plate sampling is used to minimize the charge injection effect which is present in the switches.
16
Magrì, Andrea. "VDAC and SOD1: two major players in mitochondrial metabolism and in ALS." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/3948.
Full textAbstract:
The Thesis work presented here has been devoted to two proteins, the Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel (VDAC) and the Superoxide Dismutase I (SOD1) and has been especially focused on the relationships between them in physiological or pathological conditions of the cell.
VDAC is a pore-forming protein located in the outer mitochondrial membrane, where it is suspected to play a key role in metabolism regulation, as the interface between mitochondria and cytosol, and in apoptosis regulation. In the small family of VDAC proteins, composed of three isoforms in chordates, VDAC3 is the least known. Conversely from isoforms 1 and 2, its ability to form pores has been questioned. In this thesis, we present the first complete electrophysiological characterization of VDAC3, showing that this protein is able to forms smaller pores compared to VDAC1, under physiological condition of pH. Another point examined here has been the gating of VDAC1. This protein, in vitro, shows the important feature of gating the pore in dependence of high voltage applied. It is believed that the N-terminal domain has a crucial role in voltage-dependent gating and in the stabilization of the protein through its interaction with the pore-wall.
By producing several mutants of VDAC1, in this work we have shown that the Voltage-dependence may be modulated in an asymmetrical way by modifying sequences or deleting £]-strands required for the interaction with N-terminal domain.
The Superoxide Dismutase I (SOD1) is the most important antioxidant enzyme of all eukaryotic cells, since it inactivates the superoxide anion. Many recent evidences suggest that SOD1 is important for mitochondrial function, both in physiological and pathological conditions. SOD1 protects, among others, VDAC from oxidative stress, and may affect mitochondrial proteins expression levels. In addition, in the neurodegenerative disease Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), SOD1 mutants were reported to directly bind the cytosolic surface of mitochondria, using VDAC1 as docking site. To understand the relationships between VDAC and SOD1, in this work, we studied the influence of hSOD1 on mitochondria when it was overexpressed in a yeast strain devoid of yeast endogenous VDAC. Our results sturprisingly indicate that SOD1 may have a metabolic role and can support the mitochondrial recovery in the strain ´por1, heavily slowed down by the lack of porin1. Our results support the recent claim that SOD1 may act on the expression of other mitochondrial proteins. In addition, the characterization of the interaction between VDAC1 and two of the most diffused ALS-linked SOD1 mutants was also obtained and might be considered the molecular basis in understanding the mitochondrial involvement in ALS.
17
St-Onge, Ahmad Sacha M. "Islamic Parochial Education in the United States: A Study of Two Atlanta-Area Schools." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_hontheses/13.
Full textAbstract:
Through a comparative study of two Atlanta full-time Muslim parochial schools, this study examines Muslim approaches to Islamic education by analyzing school leaders' secular and religious goals, their main obstacles and concerns, and what they believe the best practices are. The study explores leaders’ visions of socialization and community development by juxtaposing findings from two schools. In order to answer the aforementioned questions, this study 1) assesses national trends in K-12 Islamic parochial schools across the United States through related research, 2) engages Muslim leaders from both institutions through semi-formal interviews, and 3) supplements findings through an extended period of participant observation.
18
Massimino, Simona. "Emotion Regulation And Personological Profile In Two Samples Of High-Risk Sports." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/3955.
Full textAbstract:
The present study examined the personological characteristics that define two groups of experienced sportspeople, skydivers and cavers, with the aim to identify the personality factors that may be good predictors of risk.
Moreover, the present study examined whether and how the skydiving and caving, high-risk sports, can affect their control of emotions, anxiety and mood.
To carry out the study, 23 skydivers and 34 cavers were asked to complete four questionnaires: Big Five Questionnaire-2, Profile of Mood States, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Forma-Y and Risk Taking Inventory.
The results confirmed the role of conscientiousness and energy, as significant predictors for risk-taking in the skydivers.
Data analysis also found that social desirability is negatively correlated with both state anxiety the total index of mood disorders, and is positively correlated with emotional control.
In the group of cavers the significant role of conscientiousness is represented mainly by scrupulosity, in line with the characteristics of their activity.
In addition, emerges the factor cooperativity: inside the caves is essential collaboration between the members of the group.
Another aspect that appears to play a significant role is the Opening of Culture, which describes the tendency of the subjects to increase their knowledge, and that seems to be a predominant feature in the cavers.
The Structural Equation Model (SEM) showed in both groups a significant correlation between the Big Five Questionnaire-2 (BFQ-2) and Precautionary behavior (PB), most significant in the group of skydivers, while the BFQ-2 did not affect DRT factor, i.e. the risk-taking propensity of subjects.
In addition, SEM indicated in both samples the lack of a significant correlation between POMS (Profile of Mood States), and PB as well as DRT, the propensity to take risks. The model has also indicated that there is a small but significant relationship between BFQ-2 and POMS.
In addition, the statistical comparison between the two groups have shown that, although both are defined high-risk sports, these are significant differences in some variables that may be predictors of the choice of a sport rather than the other.
Future research should extend the study to other sports that involve a risk-taking in order to understand the reasons behind the decision to practice these sports and how people learn strategies of self-regulation in this domain.
19
Rayala, Shobadevi. "Female employment in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India and its two most urbanized districts (Ranga Reddy and Hyderabad): a 1991 census analysis." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1998. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/2547.
Full textAbstract:
This research examined the relationship of female employment with three major contributing factors: ecological, motivational, and personal ability factors, in the state of Andhra Pradesh and its two highly urbanized districts (Ranga Reddy and Hyderabad). The 1991 census data were utilized as a major source. Specifically, the study tested the following six hypotheses:
1. Female work force participation rates vary by rural-urban residence, industrial categories, and National Industrial Classification (NIC).
2. Differential female work force participation rates can be observed by class of worker and occupational type.
3. Female workers vary by their educational attainment, age, and marital status.
4. The growth rate of female work force participation is significantly effected by change in industrial structure, time-period, and rural-urban residence over a period of time.
5. Female employment, especially in non-agricultural and non-household sectors, is significantly effected by education and urbanization, independently as well as combined.
6. The structure of female employment is the same between the state of Andhra Pradesh and its districts, Ranga Reddy and Hyderabad, but the size of participation may vary.
The results of the data analysis confirmed all hypotheses.
20
Anandan, Princia. "Two phase microfluidics: new trend in model identification." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1303.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the research is to give a proper understanding of the physical aspects involved in two-phase microfluidic systems: from the theoretical point of view to the development of numerical solutions for the flow field by Computational Modeling (CM) issue studies devoted to standard droplet generator for separation and segmented flow, bubble and drop formation, breakup and coalescence and then with increasing complexity in large scale microfluidic processors, bubble logic i.e. bubble to bubble hydrodynamic interaction provides an on-chip process control mechanism integrating chemistry and computation. This concept has been implemented using COMSOL multiphysics 3.5a software. These show the non-linearity, gain, bistability and programmability required for scalable universal computation. Alongside experimental work, numerical tools, such as computational fluid dynamics (CFD), allow us to study and analyses the behavior of immiscible fluids within microchannels. Good understanding of these microfluidic flows provides us with leverage when utilized in chemical and biological applications. The study in the context of micro-optofluidics analysis have allowed to define in some detail the integrated system used to Thorlabs has provided for the experiments in micro-optofluidics. In particular, the characterization of the microfluidic detection devices has been used in the experimental studies of two-phase flow. In addition, the analysis carried out in the various micro-channels fixed unique features in terms of flow rates for each dimensions. The key issue is finally the study and designs of an embedded system optofluidics in micro-optics Lab-On-Chip (LOC), which allows achieving very narrow spaces in a microfluidic system, ensuring a degree of portability, which it integrates optical realizing therefore, the right balance between the two disciplines. Played as part of a global project in which design and manufacture of micro devices LOC, and experimental studies within micro-optofluidics could easily fit in a biochemical analysis of the microscopic scale of biological particles of various kinds. The dynamical model identification of the asymptotic Time signals belonging to a microfluidic Two-Phase Flow process is presented. The experimental time series are used to synchronize another system with known mathematical model but unknown parameters: the Chua s oscillator. This system has been chosen for its simple mathematical structure and for the Possibility, respect to other chaotic systems, of mapping various non-linear experimental phenomena. A genetic algorithm was exploited for parameters estimation in relation to an optimization index that takes into an account of synchronization of master (microfluidic system) and slave system (Chua s oscillator).
21
Rivera-Martinez, Juan Gabriel. "The sustainable potential of two contrasting agricultural systems in the terrace area of Mexico City." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397325.
Full text
22
Prettner, Catherine, and Klaus Prettner. "After Two Decades of Integration: How Interdependent are Eastern European Economies and the Euro Area?" WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2012. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3493/1/wp138.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This article investigates the interrelations between the initial members of the Euro area and five important Central and Eastern European economies. We set up a theoretical open economy model to derive the Purchasing Power Parity, the Interest Rate Parity, the Fisher Inflation Parity, and an output gap relation. After taking convergence into account, they are used as restrictions on the cointegration space of a structural vector error correction model. We then employ generalized impulse response analysis to assess the dynamic effects of shocks in output and interest rates on the respective other area as well as the implications of shocks in the exchange rate and in relative prices on both areas. The results show a high degree of interconnectedness between the two economies. There are strong positive spillovers in output to the respective other region with the magnitude of the impact being similarly strong in both areas. Furthermore, we find a multiplier effect being present in Eastern Europe and some evidence for the European
Central Banks' desire towards price stability. (author's abstract)<br>Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
23
Hunter, Matthew W. "Liberation in White and Black: The American Visual Culture of Two Philadelphia-area Episcopal Churches." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/108346.
Full textAbstract:
Religion<br>Ph.D.<br>Liberation in White and Black studies, respectively, Washington Memorial Chapel (WMC) and The Church of the Advocate (COA), which are two Episcopal parishes in the Diocese of Pennsylvania. This dissertation investigates the ways that the visual culture of these spaces represents and affects the religious, racial and national self-understanding of these churches and their ongoing operations by offering particular and opposing narrative interpretations of American history. These "sacred spaces" visually describe the United States (implicitly and explicitly) in terms of race and violence in narratives that set them in fundamental opposition to each other, and set a trajectory for each parishes' life that has determined a great deal of its activities over time. I develop this thesis by situating each congregation and its development in the context of the entire history of both the Episcopal Church and Philadelphia as related to race, violence and patriotism.
WMC is what historian of religions scholar Jonathan Z. Smith calls a "locative" space and tries to persuade all Americans to patriotically covenant with images of heroic "White" freedom struggle. COA is what Smith calls a "utopian" space and tries to compel its visitors to covenant with a subversive critique of the United States in terms of the parallels between biblical Israel and the African American freedom struggle. My analysis draws especially on the theoretical work of Pierre Bourdieu and David Morgan. A major focus of Pierre Bourdieu's work in both Language and Symbolic Power, and The Logic of Practice is the power of group-making. Group-creating power is often exercised through representations that create a seemingly objective sense of group identity and a social world that is perceived as "natural." David Morgan writes that religious visual culture functions as this sort of political practice through the organization of memory among those who are drawn to "covenant" with images.
The Introduction of my dissertation lays out the theoretical approaches informing the visual culture analysis of these Episcopal Churches and raises the significant questions. Three main chapters provide: 1) an historical background of patriotism, race and violence in the Episcopal Church and in Philadelphia in particular, and 2-3) a thorough analysis of the history and visual culture of each space in context. A great deal of my analysis will be interpretive "readings" of the visual culture of the aforementioned churches in their larger contexts to explain how the visual culture represents social classifications to affect the constituents religious, racial and national self-understanding, and their ongoing operations by offering particular and opposing narrative interpretations of American history. The project concludes by summarizing the ways that the analysis of these spaces explicates the thesis with thoughts about the implications for the disciplines involved and further research.<br>Temple University--Theses
24
Prasser, Horst-Michael, Tobias Sühnel, Christophe Vallée, and Thomas Höhne. "Experimental investigation and CFD simulation of slug flow in horizontal channels." Forschungszentrum Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa-28061.
Full textAbstract:
For the investigation of stratified two-phase flow, two horizontal channels with rectangular cross-section were built at Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (FZD). The channels allow the investigation of air/water co-current flows, especially the slug behaviour, at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. The test-sections are made of acrylic glass, so that optical techniques, like high-speed video observation or particle image velocimetry (PIV), can be applied for measurements. The rectangular cross-section was chosen to provide better observation possibilities. Moreover, dynamic pressure measurements were performed and synchronised with the high-speed camera system. CFD post-test simulations of stratified flows were performed using the code ANSYS CFX. The Euler-Euler two fluid model with the free surface option was applied on grids of minimum 4∙105 control volumes. The turbulence was modelled separately for each phase using the k-ω based shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model. The results compare well in terms of slug formation, velocity, and breaking. The qualitative agreement between calculation and experiment is encouraging and shows that CFD can be a useful tool in studying horizontal two-phase flow. Furthermore, CFD pre-test calculations were done to show the possibility of slug flow generation in a real geometry and at relevant parameters for nuclear reactor safety. The simulation was performed on a flat model representing the hot-leg of the German Konvoi-reactor, with water and saturated steam at 50 bar and 263.9°C. The results of the CFD-calculation show wave generation in the horizontal part of the hot-leg which grow to slugs in the region of the bend.
25
Prasser, Horst-Michael, Tobias Sühnel, Christophe Vallée, and Thomas Höhne. "Experimental investigation and CFD simulation of slug flow in horizontal channels." Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 2007. https://hzdr.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A21634.
Full textAbstract:
For the investigation of stratified two-phase flow, two horizontal channels with rectangular cross-section were built at Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (FZD). The channels allow the investigation of air/water co-current flows, especially the slug behaviour, at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. The test-sections are made of acrylic glass, so that optical techniques, like high-speed video observation or particle image velocimetry (PIV), can be applied for measurements. The rectangular cross-section was chosen to provide better observation possibilities. Moreover, dynamic pressure measurements were performed and synchronised with the high-speed camera system. CFD post-test simulations of stratified flows were performed using the code ANSYS CFX. The Euler-Euler two fluid model with the free surface option was applied on grids of minimum 4∙105 control volumes. The turbulence was modelled separately for each phase using the k-ω based shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model. The results compare well in terms of slug formation, velocity, and breaking. The qualitative agreement between calculation and experiment is encouraging and shows that CFD can be a useful tool in studying horizontal two-phase flow. Furthermore, CFD pre-test calculations were done to show the possibility of slug flow generation in a real geometry and at relevant parameters for nuclear reactor safety. The simulation was performed on a flat model representing the hot-leg of the German Konvoi-reactor, with water and saturated steam at 50 bar and 263.9°C. The results of the CFD-calculation show wave generation in the horizontal part of the hot-leg which grow to slugs in the region of the bend.
26
Stracquadanio, Stefano. "Two strategies to deepen knowledge the antibiotic resistance related traits in Italian MDR Staphylococci: comparative transcriptomic of two DAP-R/DAP-S MRSA isogenic couples and CRISPR system characterization of pathogenic S. epidermidis." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/4132.
Full textAbstract:
Antibiotic resistance is worldwide an increasing problem for the public health. Scientists are working to better know the features of Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) bacteria to develop new strategies to overcome the antibiotic resistance. Among the most common bacteria capable to infect humans and become resistant to antibiotics, the members of the genus Staphylococcus are the etiological agents of some infectious diseases that can be lethal if the pharmacological treatment fails. S. aureus can cause a wide spectrum of diseases, ranging from mild skin forms to systemic forms, whilst S. epidermidis has been frequently implicated in endocarditis and infections of surgical implants and it seems to be the source for antibiotic resistance related gene acquisition by S. aureus.
A comparative transcriptomic analysis by RNA-seq and bioinformatic of two Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus isogenic pairs, the characterization of the CRISPR-Cas system and phage infection sensitivity tests of ten Italian pathogenic clinical MDR S. epidermidis strains were performed to deepen knowledge the antibiotic resistance related traits in Italian MDR Staphylococci.
Results of transcriptomic analysis showed the contribution of Staphylococcal mRNAs and small-RNAs in daptomycin resistance, with multiple pathways associated, including the cell-wall biosynthesis and organization, metabolism, nucleic acid metabolism, stress response and transport, confirming the role of transcriptome in developing antibiotic resistance.
CRISPR-Cas system presence seems to not be a common trait in MDR S. epidermidis (33%) although they showed a high resistance to phage infection, results that should be considered in the perspective of developing a phage therapy.
Finally, recent discoveries suggest the possibility to use CRISPR, in the future, to target not only the genes, but also RNAs (messenger and small), linking transcriptome analysis and CRISPR system studies as parts of a possible strategy to cure the antibiotic resistance.
27
Alzahrani, Abdulaziz S. "Application of Two-Dimensional Hydraulic Modeling in Riverine Systems Using HEC-RAS." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1493135117254329.
Full text
28
Antezza, Arianna. "Genetic structure among populations of two gorgonian species inside and outside a Mediterranean Marine Protected Area." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
Find full textAbstract:
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are spatially delimited areas of the marine environment that are managed to conserve its biodiversity. Genetic connectivity and variability are two important parameters to take in account for proper design and manage MPAs. Gorgonians have an important ecological role contributing to provide biomass and complexity to the benthic habitats. Here, I evaluate the potential role of the MPA of Tavolara-Punta Coda Cavallo, Sardinia, in maintaining genetic diversity and connectivity among populations of two Mediterranean gorgonians: Eunicella singularis and Eunicella cavolinii. Specifically, I answered these questions: 1) Are there differences in genetic variability inside and outside the MPA? 2) What are the genetic connectivity patterns among populations inside and outside? 3) Are there differences in genetic variability and structure between the two species? 259 colonies of the two species were collected in 6 populations (2 sites outside and 4 sites inside the MPA) and genotyped using 9 microsatellite loci. The results showed that both species do not present significant genetic variability between populations sampled inside and outside the MPA. The genetic structure among populations was very low with higher FST values for E. singularis compared to E. cavolinii. E. cavolinii showed a slight significant pattern of isolation by distance. These results suggest that the genetic variability is maintained at the spatial scale of the MPA (at least for E. cavolinii) but that, in the future, will be useful to continue to monitor this variability. Finally, it is important to apply the same sample design in other MPAs to compare the pattern of connectivity and to evaluate the efficiency of the Mediterranean MPAs network. In fact, establishing a network of multiple small and interconnected reserves could increase the resilience of natural populations, including conserving genetic diversity and promoting larval connectivity.
29
Andersson, Joel. "Structural evolution of two ore-bearing Palaeoproterozoic metasupracrustal belts in the Kiruna area, Northwestern Fennoscandian Shield." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-72034.
Full textAbstract:
In this project, two key study areas in the northwestern Fennoscandian Shield are under investigation. The “Western supracrustal belt” and “Central Kiruna area” are both located along lithotectonically comparable Rhyacian-Orosirian metasupracrustal belts and both areas are characterized by iron oxide-apatite (IOA) and iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG)-style mineralizations and related hydrothermal alterations. The area is in general well studied but the structural evolution remains unresolved. In order to build a structural framework for the Kiruna area, the number of deformation events, kinematics, geometries, mineralogy and interrelationships of the dominant structures are under focus in this study. The paired structural-alteration configuration is targeted in order to constrain the relative timing of dominant structures and mineral alteration parageneses in order to use these systems as structural vectors of mineralized systems. Furthermore, the Orosirian stratigraphy is re-evaluated in order to constrain the pre-compressional geological history of the study areas. This is important as it controls the character of the structural development during subsequent compression forming the sub-surface architecture as we see today. The Orosirian stratigraphy suggests the development of a syn-extensional basin in Kiruna where iron oxide-apatite deposits were emplaced. This basin was subsequently inverted accompanied by shearing, folding, and faulting during D1 and D2, refolded during D3, and further fractured during D4. The shortening directions inferred during the deformation events suggest a clockwise rotation of the stress field from NE-SW (D1) to E-W (D2) and finally NNW-SSE (D3). Regional scapolite ± albite alteration is interpreted to be coeval with regional amphibole + magnetite alteration during D1. Mineral alteration parageneses linked to D2 is more potassic in character and often structurally controlled by shear zones. As a regional generalization, the potassic dominated D2-alteration is characterized by sericite ± epidote ± biotite ± chlorite ± magnetite ± sulphide ± K-feldspar. Fe- and Cu-sulphides are concentrated into brittle D2-structures suggesting that a IOCG-style of mineralization can be linked to the potassic D2 event. This implies that iron oxide-apatite emplacement can be linked to the basin development phase, whereas epigenetic Fe- and Cu-sulphides are linked to the basin inversion-phase of the geological evolution, and hence, separated in time and probably not directly genetically linked in Kiruna.
30
zhou, jingran. "a Bayesian test of independence of two categorical variables obtianed from a small area : an application to BMD and BMI." Digital WPI, 2011. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1129.
Full textAbstract:
"Scientists usually need to understand the extent of the association of two attributes, and the data are typically presented in two-way categorical tables. In science, the chi-squared test is routinely used to analyze data from such tables. However, in many applications the chi-squared test can be defective. For example, when the sample size is small, the chi-squared test may not be applicable. The terms small area" and local area" are commonly used to denote a small geographical area, such as a county. If a survey has been carried out, the sample size within any particular small area may be too small to generate accurate estimates from the data, and a chi-squared test may be invalid (i.e., expected frequencies in some cells of the table are less than ?ve). To deal with this problem we use Bayesian small area estimation. Because it is used toorrow strength" from related or similar areas. It enhances the information of each area with common exchangeable information. We use a Bayesian model to estimate a Bayes factor to test the independence of the two variables. We apply the model to test for the independence between bone mineral density (BMD) and body mass index (BMI) from 31 counties and we compare the results with a direct Bayes factor test. We have also obtained numerical and sampling errors; both the numerical and sampling errors of our Bayes factor are small. Our model is shown to be much less sensitive to the speci?cation of the prior distribution than the direct Bayes factor test which is based on each area only."
31
Chalfi, Toufik Yacine. "Pressure loss associated with flow area change in micro-channels." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24725.
Full text
32
Diamond, Hanna. "Women's experience during and after World War Two in the Toulouse area 1939-1948 : choices and constraints." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303756.
Full text
33
Thomas, Janna. "Critical Factors influencing the Sustainability of Community Music Schools in the Greater Cape Town area: Two Case Studies." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97128.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MMus)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Community Music is a vibrant and growing field within the South African context and exists across various practices and settings. Community Music Programs in the Western Cape and more specifically the greater Cape Town area, are on the rise and often serve as outreach and educational initiatives to uplift participants from previously and currently disadvantaged communities by engaging in various musical activities. Though many Community Music Programs start successfully they fail to be sustainable due to various factors which are often never documented. Programs which include more formal aspects of music education such as those that function as Community Music Schools, experience unique successes and challenges that serve as factors which contribute towards their sustainability. Two Community Music Programs whose roots were established in outreach and whose goals also include that of providing quality music education are the Athlone Academy of Music and the Western Cape Music Education Project, which serve as case studies for this thesis. Both programs have evolved from outreach projects to currently serving as Community Music Schools within their respective areas of Athlone and Kuils River and have proven to be major contributors to the landscape of music education in the greater Cape Town area. Their contribution stems not only from their continued existence for almost two decades and their output of successful current and past students, but they also provide researchers with opportunities to document aspects of Community Music within the South African context.
The Athlone Academy of Music and the Western Cape Music Education Project, in existence for twenty and eighteen years respectively, have witnessed significant changes to their infrastructure, management, and funding since the last studies conducted on them in 2009, and have continued to exist in a competitive funding environment which constantly poses a threat to their sustainability. Although both programs are faced with distinct funding shortages, their continued existence has shown that factors that contribute towards sustainability may not be related to funding.
This study documents the current situation of both case studies, describing their challenges and successes from the viewpoint of key stakeholders. To achieve the objective of this research, qualitative methods of data collection were used and included semi-structured interviews, field notes and observations. The study established that there are multiple factors that influence the sustainability of the two Community Music Schools. Another important result is that this study provides documentation on the evolution of two established Community Music Schools as well as information vital to gaining a better understanding of the successes and challenges of such programs and their links to factors of sustainability. The results of this study provide opportunities for further areas of research regarding Community Music in the South African context.
Keywords: Sustainability, Interaction, Community Music, Community Music School, funding, successes, challenges, project leaders, teachers, partnerships. Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za<br>Gemeenskapsmusiek is ‘n florerende en ontwikkelende veld binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks en strek oor verskeie praktyke en omgewings. GMPe in die Wes-Kaap, en meer spesifiek die groter Kaapstad-gebied, is besig om op die voorgrond te tree en dien telkens as uitreikings- en opvoedkundige inisiatiewe om diegene van voorheen en tans benadeelde gemeenskappe deur middel van betrokkenheid in verskeie musiekaktiwiteite, op te hef. Alhoewel talle GMPe aanvanklik suksesvol is, is die sukses onvolhoubaar weens verskeie faktore wat dikwels nie gedokumenteer is nie. Programme wat meer formele aspekte van musiekopvoedkunde insluit, soos programme wat as GMSe funksioneer, ondervind unieke suksesse en uitdagings wat as faktore wat tot hul volhoubaarheid bydra. Twee GMPe wie se ontstaan in uitreiking gegrond is, en wie se doelwitte ook die voorsiening van gehalte musiekopvoedkunde insluit, is die Athlone Academy of Music en die Western Cape Music Education Project, wat as gevallestudies vir hierdie tesis dien. Beide programme het vanuit uitreikingsprojekte ontwikkel en dien tans as GMSe binne hul onderskeie gebiede van Athlone en Kuilsrivier en het sodoende 'n groot bydrae tot die landskap van musiekopvoedkunde in die breër Kaapstad-gebied verskaf. Hierdie bydrae spruit nie slegs uit hul voortbestaan van byna twee dekades, asook die sukses van hul oud - en huidige studente nie, maar hulle bied ook aan navorsers die geleentheid om GM binne die SA konteks aante teken. Die Athlone Academy of Music en die Western Cape Music Education Project, in bestaan vir twintig en agtien jaar onderskeidelik, het sedert die laaste studies wat in 2009 behartig is, belangrike veranderinge tot hul infrastruktuur, bestuur en befondsing ondergaan, en het te midde van 'n mededingende omgewing in terme van befondsing, wat voortdurend 'n bedreiging vir hul volhoubaarheid inhou, voortbestaan. Alhoewel beide programme met onmiskenbare gebrek aan befondsing gekonfronteer word, dien hul voortbestaan as bewyse dat die faktore wat tot hul volhoubaarheid bydra ook nie noodwendig met befondsing verband hou nie.
Hierdie studie dokumenteer die huidige situasie van beide gevallestudies waarin hul uitdagings en suksesse vanuit die oogpunt van die belanghebbendes beskryf word. Om die doel van hierdie navorsing te bereik is kwalitatiewe metodes van data-insameling gebruik wat semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude, veldnotas en waarneming ingesluit het. Deur van hierdie metode gebruik te maak het die studie vasgestel dat verskeie faktore die volhoubaarheid van die twee GMSe kan beïnvloed. Nog 'n belangrike uitkoms van die navorsing is dat hierdie studie dokumentasie omtrent die ontwikkelingsgang van die twee GMSe verskaf, asook inligting noodsaaklik tot 'n beter begrip van die suksesse en uitdagings van soortgelyke programme en hul verbintenis tot volhoubaarheidsfaktore. Die uitkoms van hierdie studie verskaf geleenthede vir verdere areas van navorsing ten opsigte van GM binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks. Sleutelwoorde: Volhoubaarheid, Interaksie, Gemeenskapsmusiek,
Gemeenskaps-musiekskool, bevondsing, suksesse, uitdagings, projekleiers, onderwysers, vennootskappe Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
34
Mrebit, Abdulmajid A. "The Probability of Detection Improvement Inside the Fusion Area Via Scan Rate Regulation of a Two Radar System." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1460736440.
Full text
35
Jiang, Andong. "Geology, petrology and geochemistry of two types of stratabound copper deposits in the Dongchuan area, Yunnan, Southern China /." Heidelberg : Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37429055w.
Full text
36
Bergenhem, Carl, and Magnus Jonsson. "Two Protocols with Heterogeneous Real-Time Services for High-Performance Embedded Networks." Högskolan i Halmstad, Centrum för forskning om inbyggda system (CERES), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-21296.
Full textAbstract:
High-performance embedded networks are found in computer systems that perform applications such as radar signal processing and multimedia rendering. The system can be composed of multiple computer nodes that are interconnected with the network. Properties of the network such as latency and speed affect the performance of the entire system. A node´s access to the network is controlled by a medium access protocol. This protocol decides e.g. real-time properties and services that the network will offer its users, i.e. the nodes. Two such network protocols with heterogeneous real-time services are presented. The protocols offer different communication services and services for parallel and distributed real-time processing. The latter services include barrier synchronisation, global reduction and short message service. A network topology of a unidirectional pipelined optical fibre-ribbon ring is assumed for both presented protocols. In such a network several simultaneous transmissions in non-overlapping segments are possible. Both protocols are aimed for applications that require a high-performance embedded network such as radar signal processing and multimedia. In these applications the system can be organised as multiple interconnected computation nodes that co-operate in parallel to achieve higher performance. The computing performance of the whole system is greatly affected by the choice of network. Computing nodes in a system for radar signal processing should be tightly coupled, i.e., communications cost, such as latency, between nodes should be small. This is possible if a suitable network with an efficient protocol is used. The target applications have heterogeneous real-time requirements for communication in that different classes of data-traffic exist. The traffic can be classified according to its requirements. The proposed protocols partition data-traffic into three classes with distinctly different qualities. These classes are: traffic with hard real-time demands, such as mission critical commands; traffic with soft real-time demands, such as application data (a deadline miss here only leads to decreased performance); and traffic with no real-time constraints at all. The protocols are analysed and performance is tested through simulation with different data-traffic patterns.
37
Murdock, Adrian T. "Chemical vapour deposition growth of large-area graphene on metals." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:07fa91ef-0d61-4086-a7d8-a53537dcb54b.
Full textAbstract:
Graphene has unrivalled properties and is heralded as a revolutionary material for the 21<sup>st</sup> century. Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) on metals is a promising method to produce large-area graphene. Controlling the properties of CVD graphene is vital for its integration in a wide-range of future applications. Many factors can influence the CVD growth of graphene and its properties, therefore further investigations will be beneficial to fully understand and control this technique. In this thesis I expand the knowledge about the growth of pure and heteroatom-doped graphene by low pressure chemical vapour deposition (LPCVD) and atmospheric pressure chemical vapour deposition (APCVD) on commercially available Cu and Pt foils. Using a range of characterisation techniques, I investigate the influence of the substrate’s properties and the synthesis conditions on the growth of graphene, in pursuit of improved, controlled or optimised production, which can promote high quality, large-area, single-layer graphene, or other as desired. By characterising the topography, surface roughness, crystallographic orientations, and chemical composition of six Cu foils, I find that their properties vary greatly and this influences the growth of CVD graphene. I elucidate that the commonly used 99.8 % Alfa Aesar Cu foil has a surface coating composed of calcium, chromium, and phosphorus, which detrimentally influences graphene growth. Cleaning Cu foils with CH<sub>3</sub>COOH is shown to reduce the concentration of surface contaminants, consequently reducing the nucleation density and increasing the growth rate of CVD graphene. I also demonstrate that the shape, orientation, edge-geometry and thickness of CVD graphene domains can be controlled by the Cu crystallographic orientations. Single layer LPCVD graphene domains align with zigzag edges parallel to a single <101> direction on Cu{111} and Cu{101}, while bilayer domains align to two directions on Cu{001}. Hexagonal APCVD domains also preferentially align with edges parallel to the <101> direction(s). This discovery resolves a key challenge of controlling the orientation of individual graphene domains and opens a new avenue for tailored production of large-area CVD graphene with improved properties. By controlling the synthesis conditions of APCVD graphene on Pt foils I optimise production of ~0.5 mm single layer graphene domains with reduced nucleation density and increased growth rate of ~100 μm/min by synthesis at 1150°C, a higher temperature than previously reported. The absence of large, hexagonal, single-crystal domains on pristine Pt foil, and observation of a reaction between quartz and Pt that promotes hexagonal domains, suggests that a silicon or platinum silicide surface layer may be advantageous for improved growth of graphene. Finally, I demonstrate that the dopant concentration of nitrogen-doped graphene is increased at lower synthesis temperatures and higher NH<sub>3</sub> concentration, up to 1.3 %, but with an associated decrease in the growth rate. Direct visualisation, elemental confirmation, and electronic characterisation of individual nitrogen atoms is shown for the first time using aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy. Boron-doped graphene is also synthesised. The implications of these findings, and many additional minor contributions, are wide-ranging and of considerable importance for the future understanding of CVD growth of graphene on metals, and more generally for the advancement of scientific knowledge for manufacturing large-area graphene. Collectively, these discoveries represent a significant body of work that can improve the efficiency of production and assist with controlling the properties of large-area CVD graphene.
38
Blankenship, Anne Carrington. "A two-year seasonal analysis of wetland vegetation at the McClintic Wildlife Management Area in Mason County, West Virginia." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2005. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=560.
Full text
39
Sirr, Susan. "Comparison of spatial, vertical and seasonal distribution of palynomorphs in two Perth metropolitan wetlands." University of Western Australia. Centre for Forensic Science, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0118.
Full textAbstract:
Forensic Palynology has helped to solve crimes ranging from fraud to murder. Pollen is ubiquitous, almost indestructible and microscopic in size. It is often sticky and easily carried, undetected, from one place to another. As pollen is unique to a plant species, combinations of pollen types (pollen assemblages) present in soil or other samples can identify the type of environment, and often the exact location, from which a sample originated. Although Forensic Palynology has been used routinely in New Zealand for over 25 years, is commonly used in the United Kingdom and has been used in several cases in Australia in the past ten years, little research has been done in this field. In Australia, police require an initial broad palynological analysis of samples from a crime scene prior to approving a more detailed analysis. This project investigates palynological samples from two superficially similar environments that could potentially be a crime scene and alibi location, in order to determine if they can be broadly distinguished from each other. Two Perth metropolitan wetlands, Herdsman Lake and Eric Singleton Bird Sanctuary, were chosen for study as potential sites for assaults and clandestine burials. Four sites within each wetland, with correspondingly similar vegetation communities, were sampled at surface level in different seasons. At three sites, 50 cm cores were taken and sampled at seven levels to simulate shallow grave profiles. Samples were prepared and analysed using standard palynological techniques. Surface and core (grave profile) pollen assemblages were compared site by site within each wetland, and with the corresponding site of the other wetland. The grave profile assemblages for each core were combined and averaged to represent mixed 'burial assemblages', and similarly compared across and within wetlands. Palynological analysis established that the surface soil samples were characteristic of wetland environments. The different vegetation sites in each wetland, and the corresponding vegetation site in the other wetland, were broadly palynologically distinct. The season in which samples were collected was difficult to determine. Grave profile assemblages generally differed from surface samples at each site, and broadly differed across and between the two wetlands, but the differences in the 'burial assemblages' were less marked. The findings of this study confirm that broad palynological analysis can differentiate between two wetlands at surface level and downhole, and that samples at different depths in a grave should be separately analysed. Collection of control samples from similar and possible alibi environments is essential. Caution should be taken when palynologically interpreting the season in which a crime was committed.
40
Malefsky, Jennifer. "Will the Creation of a Structured Dramatic Play Area Improve the Social and Behavior Skills of Two Kindergarten Students?" Thesis, Caldwell College, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1555798.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Play is an important part of a child’s development. Play is often defined as an activity done for its own sake, characterized by means rather than end. Pretend play receives a huge focus at the pre-school and kindergarten levels, especially socio-dramatic play. Socio-dramatic play, common from around 3 years of age to six years of age, is a type of pretend play. Socio-dramatic play incorporates sustained role taking and a narrative line. This study intends to examine pretend play in greater detail and to determine if the structuring of pretend play by the teacher can positively affect student social and behavior skills. The two students under study, a 5-year old female with limited social skills and a 6-year old boy who exhibits poor behavior skills. The two students under study were placed in an unstructured and structured dramatic play area center through the course of the study. The researcher used a duration recording form, a partial recording form, and field notes to measure behavior. The results of the study showed that the children improved their behaviors during the structured dramatic play area center time. </p>
41
Shankar, A. "Wide-area controller design for two area power systems using robust control." Thesis, 2014. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/5638/2/E-71.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Low-area frequency oscillations are one of the major problems in the present power systems for smooth and reliable operation where power is essential to transfer from one area to another remote area through weak tie-lines. This kind of oscillations problem may result into system instability, cascade failure and even in blackouts, if they are not damp out quickly. It have been observed that local mode of oscillations can be damp out by using Power System Stabilizers (PSS) but damping inter-area mode of oscillations using PSS may not be possible always. This thesis work deals with the designing of Wide-Area Power System Stabilizers (WPSS) to damp inter-area mode of oscillations using wide-area signals. The Eigen analysis is used to verify the local and inter-area signals presented in two area power systems. H_‡ Mixed-sensitivity synthesis method for robust control is used to design Wide-Area Power System Stabilizer (WPSS). It is observed that designed WPSS is able to damp inter-area mode of oscillations presented in two area power systems.
42
Mohapatra, Siddhahast. "Load Frequency Control in two area power system." Thesis, 2012. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/3549/1/Thesis_LFC_in_two_area_system_Siddhahast_Mohapatra.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This research project presents decentralized control scheme for Load Frequency Control in a multi-area Power System by appreciating the performance of the methods in a single area power system. A number of modern control techniques are adopted to implement a reliable stabilizing controller. A serious attempt has been undertaken aiming at investigating the load frequency control problem in a power system consisting of two power generation unit and multiple variable load units. The robustness and reliability of the various control schemes is examined through simulations.
43
Hsu, Yu-Ting, and 徐鈺婷. "The modeling of two-dimensional large-area solar cells." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45115212965015819878.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立清華大學<br>電子工程研究所<br>98<br>The modeling of two-dimensional large-area solar cells
Student：Yu-Ting Hsu Advisor：Prof. Sheng-Fu Horng
Institute of Electronics Engineering
National Tsing Hua University
Abstract
In this study, various grid patterns were investigated by a simulation method for optimization of efficiency. Since low conductivity of the large-area solar cells will result in poor device performance, introducing metal grid to reduce the resistance of the substrate has been widely used. However, it is very important to find out a proper grid pattern to optimize the conductivity and shading effect. In our research, we have investigated a new kind of metal grid pattern, and we also constructed a system to find the best metal grid pattern in various devices, which can be a reference in the PV industry.
First, we build the simulation model of the large-area solar cell with metal grid by real small-area solar cell using the circuit model and the mathematical method. Then we discuss the effect of the grid pattern to the solar cells, and analyze the result from several factors which affecting the efficiency of the device, including the short-circuit current and fill factor of the small area solar cell in the ideal condition. Finally, the shadow effect is considered to approach a real case.
Keyword：large-area, solar cells, metal grid
44
Lin, Fen-ning, and 林芬寧. "Two dimensional analysis of subsidences of Taisei-Mailiao area." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02618426656293549162.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>土木工程學系研究所<br>86<br>The ground subsidence in Taisei-Mailiao area caused by excess
withrawal of ground water has become a significant problem and
caused severe damage to both public facility and private properties.
Since 1986, two depression cones of the ground water table
gradually developed in the north and south of the coastal area,
which resulting into two subsidence centers. The objective of this
research is to establish an analytical model to simulate this
subsidence condition.
As vertical-drainage approach can only account for ground
subsidence of single position, radial consolidation theory is
capable of assessing ground subsidence of the whole region. For
this reason, the two-dimensional drainage theory was used to
develop the analytical model in order to reflect the condition
of ground subsidence in a larger area. Numerical analysis based
on vertical-and-radial direction drainage is conducted according
to the properties of deposited soil layers and variations of ground
water table of this region. According to the results of model
analysis, the ground subsidence caused by the consolidation with
radial drainage could not be ignored. It is suggested that the
three-dimensional consolidation theory may be more appropriate
to describe the ground subsidence condition of the area.
45
Behera, Anil Kumar, and Satender Kumar. "Stabilizer Design for a Two Area Power System Network." Thesis, 2013. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/5214/1/109EE0446.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
A power system stabilizer is an ancillary device used for improving stability of otherwise poorly stable power system. It helps to restore the system back to the operating point after disturbances like load changes or faulty situations are withdrawn or smoother transition from one to another operating point. Originally, power system stabilizers are installed to add damping to local oscillatory modes, which were destabilized by high gain, fast acting exciters. Its property is to provide damping torque to reduce the electromechanical oscillations introduced in the system under disturbances. We analyze the small signal stability for a power system using linearized model and design a stabilizer for single machine infinite bus system. Then the study is extended for a two area system where small signal and transient stability for both intra-area and inter-area modes is observed. The simulation is performed using MATLAB package, SIMULINK and Power System Toolbox (PST).
46
Chen, Sheng-Yuan, and 陳聖元. "Automatic Large Area Micro Manufacturing System for Two-Photon Polymerization." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63652323131749782070.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>機械工程學研究所<br>102<br>This thesis proposes an automatic large area micro manufacturing system for two-photon polymerization (TPP). This manufacturing system consists of several functions for improving the quality and efficiency of micro-fabrication. First, a 100 micro meters short range 3D piezo stage is fixed on top of a 30 mm long range XY stage, and a software is designed to control both of the two stages for large area micro manufacturing. For fabricating over large area, the precision of autofocus becomes more important. Therefore, optimizing the CMOS camera for enhancing performance of autofocus is carried out. Then, the automatic array fabrication is demonstrated by fabricating micro-spring array, micro-needle array, and Fresnel zone plate array. Some fabrication defects from acceleration and deceleration of piezo stage are corrected by software. Besides, to speed up the production, a diffractive optical element (DOE) is tested. This DOE can split the laser beam into 3x3 beam array to fabricate 3x3 array structures at one time. Finally, a scanning method for fabricating 2.5D structure over large area is implemented. By driving the translation stage to scan back and forth and doing tilt-correction through piezo stage, the 2.5D structures such as optical grating, grid, and blazed grating are successfully fabricated.
47
Lee, Yi-Han, and 李溢涵. "A New Nonparametric Area Test Statistics for Two-Sample Location Problem." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53513427302177070290.
Full text
48
Lin, Meng-Yu, and 林孟佑. "Large-Area Epitaxially Grown Two-Dimensional Crystals and Their Device Applications." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52926559916200748546.
Full textAbstract:
博士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>電子工程學研究所<br>103<br>Different approaches are adopted for epitaxially grown large-area 2-D crystals in this thesis. For graphene growth, by using the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) technique to directly supply carbon atoms during the growth, the growth temperature of the graphene films can be greatly reduced on either metal template or dielectric substrate surfaces. After increasing the carbon source amount by using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique, epitaxially grown 2-D crystals such as graphene, MoS2 and MoS2/graphene hetero-structures can be obtained directly on sapphire substrates. The advances of 2-D crystal hetero-structures would move the focus of current researches from lateral carrier transport behaviors of single 2-D material to those on vertical 2-D crystal hetero-structures. For device applications, the Fermi level tuning of the graphene transistors is studied by using lateral gates and dual-cuts channel architectures. By using the atomic force microscope tip scrapping on the graphene surface, these devices can be easily fabricated and show tunable Fermi levels. Photo-induced Fermi level shift is also observed on transistors fabricated with MoS2/graphene hetero-structures.
49
Chen, Chien-Chung, and 陳建仲. "An Area-Efficient 12-bit 20 MHz Two-Step SAR ADC." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/t295d5.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立清華大學<br>電子工程研究所<br>107<br>This thesis describes an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for FHD image sensors. The ADC specification is 12-bit resolution and the sampling rate is 20 MHz. The architecture of this ADC is two-step successive approximation register (SAR) ADC. The disadvantage of the traditional SAR ADC is the great area of capacitor. When we add every 1-bit resolution, the area of the capacitor will double. In this thesis, the number of unit capacitor of the two-step SAR ADC is reduced to 1/16th of that of a conventional 12-b SAR ADC.
The prototype was fabricated using TSMC 0.18um 1P6M CMOS technology. At a 1.8-V supply and 20-M Hz sampling rate, simulations showed that the ADC achieves a SNDR of 71.78dB, an ENOB of 11.63 and power consumes 3.62mW.
The chip area including I/O pad is 1.109mm2 .The simulating results of static analysis DNL and INL are （1.004 / -1 LSB） and （0.756 / -1.007 LSB）.
Measurements showed that the chip layout might not be symmetric enough and it might degrade the ADC performance.
50
Jensen, ERIK. "Homoclinic Points in the Composition of Two Reflections." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/8288.
Full textAbstract:
We examine a class of planar area preserving mappings and give a geometric condition that guarantees the existence of homoclinic points. To be more precise, let $f,g:R \to R$ be $C^1$ functions with domain all of $R$. Let $F:R^2 \to R^2$ denote a horizontal reflection in the curve $x=-f(y)$, and let $G:R^2 \to R^2$ denote a vertical reflection in the curve $y=g(x)$. We consider maps of the form $T=G \circ F$ and show that a simple geometric condition on the fixed point sets of $F$ and $G$ leads to the existence of a homoclinic point for $T$.<br>Thesis (Ph.D, Mathematics & Statistics) -- Queen's University, 2013-09-17 14:22:35.72