Journal articles: 'Two-axis tracking solar panel'

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Imron, Chairul, Imam Abadi, Nurika Brillianti, Muhammad Khamim Asy’ari, Yusilawati Ahmad Nor, and Aep Saepul Uyun. "Fuzzy Logic Controller Application for an Active Two-Axis Solar Tracking System." E3S Web of Conferences 190 (2020): 00004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019000004.

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The changes in the intensity of solar radiation cause the electrical power produced by solar panels to be not optimal. The solar panel position control system to the position of the solar is an effort to overcome this problem. There are four Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensors placed on the sides of the four cardinal directions. The difference in the intensity of solar radiation received by each sensor causes the position of the solar panel to turn perpendicular to the position of the solar. The control method used is fuzzy logic control with three membership functions. The controlled variables are pitch angle and yaw angle in an active two-axis solar tracking system. Input fuzzy logic control is an error, and output is PWM. The results of the performance of the pitch angle control system produce settling time for 10 s and error steady-state obtained by 0.080 %, while for the yaw angle control system produces settling time for 13 s and steady-state error is obtained at 0.038 %. The existence of a control system resulted in an increase in the percentage of power above 30 % with a power difference of 7.49 W to a fixed panel.

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Imron, Chairul, Imam Abadi, Ilham Amirul Akbar, Jauharotul Maknunah, Yusilawati Ahmad Nor, and Aep Saepul Uyun. "Performance Comparison of the Single Axis and Two-Axis Solar System using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System Controls." E3S Web of Conferences 190 (2020): 00005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019000005.

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Solar energy is one of the renewable energy that gets more attention from many countries. Solar photo voltaic (PV) takes the right position to get the maximum energy yield. The study was conducted by comparison of performance with two methods of tracking the sun with one axis and two axes by using ANFIS control (Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System). The solar tracking system is a system that operates on the sun by using a light sensor and controls the photovoltaic to always perpendicular to the sun by changing the pitch and yaw axis of the sun tracing properties. LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) is one of the light sensors whose resistance changes depending on the intensity of incoming light. Direct current (DC )motor is used as a PV drive panel in a solar tracking system. A two-axis solar tracking system has a greater power output than a tracking system with a single photovoltaic panel that does not use a tracking system (fixed).

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Chettri, Srijesh, Arpan Chettri, and Susan Chettri. "Dual Axis Self-tracking Solar Panel." International Journal of Computer Applications 141, no. 14 (May 17, 2016): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/ijca2016909742.

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Kashan, Karam Abdulwahed, and Fadhil Abbas M. Al-Qrimli. "Improving Photovoltaic Panel (PV) Efficiency via Two Axis Sun Tracking System." Journal of Engineering 26, no. 4 (March 23, 2020): 123–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2020.04.09.

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In this paper two axis sun tracking method is used to absorb maximum power from the sun's rays on the solar panel via calculating the sun’s altitude and azimuth angles, which describe the solar position on the Iraqi capital Baghdad for the hours 6:00, 7:00, 8:00, 9:00, 12:00, 15:00 and 17:00 per day. The angles were calculated in an average approach within one month, so certain values were determined for each month. The daily energy achieved was calculated for the solar tracking method compared with the fixed tracking method. Designed, modeled and simulated a control circuit consisting of reference position truth table, PI Controller and two servomotors that tracked the sun position to adjust the PV panel perpendicular on the rays of the sun. The results obtained by a simulation software MATLAB/Simulink.

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Li, Gui Hua, Run Sheng Tang, and Hao Zhong. "Optical Performance of Horizontal Single-Axis Tracked Solar Panels." Advanced Materials Research 424-425 (January 2012): 805–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.424-425.805.

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To investigate the optical performance of horizontal single-axis (HA) sun-tracked solar panels, a mathematical procedure to estimate daily collectible radiation on fixed, 2-axis and HA-tracked solar panels was developed based monthly horizontal radiation. Results showed that the annual solar gain on a HA-tracked solar panel was related to the orientation of HA, tracking the sun about the east-west axis was worst to boost the energy collection of solar panels, and tracking the sun about the south-north axis was best. Results also indicated that the ratio of annual collectible radiation on horizontal south-north sun-axis tracked solar panels to that with full 2-axis sun-tracking decreased with the increase in site latitude, implying that the horizontal south-north axis sun-tracking was suitable to be employed in regions with lower geographical latitude

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Ullah, Hafiz. "Microcontroller based maximum power point single axis Tracking System." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 47, no. 4 (March 6, 2013): 427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i4.4689.

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Positioning a photovoltaic (PV) panel in the plane of maximum irradiation can increase the power output up to 57%. An automatic microcontroller based system for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) was designed and analyzed. The system was based on positioning the PV panel perpendicular to the solar irradiation. Photosensors were used to measure the difference of solar radiation intensity among three planes. The tracking system used an 8051 microcontroller to control a stepper motor which rotated the panel towards the plane with highest radiation intensity. The MPPT system was found to be 25.9% more effective in capturing solar power than a fixed panel with the same rating. This system would be useful to increase the power output of currently operating solar panels with minor modifications in mounting. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(4), 427-432, 2012 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i4.4689

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Mohaimin, A. H., M. R. Uddin, and A. Khalil. "Self-sustaining and externally-powered fixed, single, and dual-axis solar trackers." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i2.pp1031-1039.

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<p>Power output from a small solar panel can be affected by its power consumption when it consumes power from the solar panel. There has been a lack of proper research and experiment in the use of small solar panel with tracking systems. Its significance was detailed in this paper where the voltage output are compared with those which were externally powered. The solar trackers and a microcontroller have been designed and fabricated for this research. Due to the use of the tracking system (single axis and dual axis), the power consumption varies from one to another and its effect on the voltage output. Several experiments have been conducted and it was concluded that small solar panels are not efficient enough to utilize with tracking capabilities due to an increase in power consumption. The externally powered system was found to generate 18% more output compared to a selfsustaining system and that the increase in average power consumptions compared to a fixed panel were 31.7% and 82.5% for single-axis and dualaxis tracker respectively. A concrete evidence was made that utilizing solar tracking capabilities for low power rated solar panel is unfeasible.</p>

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Shufat, Salem Alaraby Ali, Erol Kurt, and Aybaba Hancerlioğulları. "Modeling and Design of Azimuth-Altitude Dual Axis Solar Tracker for Maximum Solar Energy Generation." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 8, no. 1 (February 2, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.8.1.7-13.

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The sun tracking system that lets Parabolic Dish or PV panel orthogonal to the sun radiation during the day, can raise the concentrated sun radiation by up to 40%. The fixed Parabolic Dish cannot generally track the sun trajectory, also the single-axis tracking system can follow the sun in the horizontal direction (azimuth angle), while the two-axis tracker tracks the sun path in both azimuth and altitude angles. Dual axis automated control tracking system, which tracks the sun in two planes (azimuth and altitude) to move a Concentrated Parabolic Dish system to the direction of ray diffusion of sun radiation is studied and designed. The designed tracking system constructed of microcontroller or programmable logic control (PLC) with a digital program that operates sun tracker using driver, gear box to control the angular speed and mechanical torque, supports and mountings. Two steeper motors are modelled to guide the parabolic dish panel perpendicular to the sun's beam. In the present study, simulation scheme of two axis sun tracking system has been developed by operating under Matlab/Simulink. The program models and studies the effectiveness of overall system. The designed tracker has been studied with real data of sun trajectory angles (azimuth and altitude) as well as a Direct Normal Irradiation (DNI) to improve the effectiveness of parabolic dish panel by adding the tracking features to those systems according to the present site.©2019. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reservedArticle History: Received May 18th 2018; Received in revised form October 8th 2018; Accepted January 6th 2019; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Shufat, S.A., Kurt, E, and Hancerlioğulları, A. (2019) Modeling and Design of Azimuth-Altitude Dual Axis Solar Tracker for Maximum Solar Energy Generation. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 8(1), 7-13.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.8.1.7-13

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Amely Jumaat, Siti, Adam Afiq Azlan Tan, Mohd Noor Abdullah, Nur Hanis Radzi, Rohaiza Hamdan, Suriana Salimin, and Muhammad Nafis Bin Ismail. "Horizontal Single Axis Solar Tracker Using Arduino Approach." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 12, no. 2 (November 1, 2018): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i2.pp489-496.

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<span lang="EN-MY">This project discusses on the development of horizontal single axis solar tracker using Arduino UNO which is cheaper, less complex and can still achieved the required efficiency. For the development of horizontal single axis solar tracking system, five light dependent resistors (LDR) has been used for sunlight detection and to capture the maximum light intensity. A servo motor is used to rotate the solar panel to the maximum light source sensing by the light dependent resistor (LDR) in order to increase the efficiency of the solar panel and generate the maximum energy. The efficiency of the system has been tested and compared with the static solar panel on several time intervals. A small prototype of horizontal single axis solar tracking system will be constructed to implement the design methodology presented here. As a result of solar tracking system, solar panel will generate more power, voltage, current value and higher efficiency. </span>

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Zhang, Wei Jing. "Design of Single Axis Tracking Solar Photovoltaic Tracking System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 700 (December 2014): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.700.12.

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This paper presents a single axis tracking solar photovoltaic system,the system has the advantages of simple structure, high control accuracy, low cost. The tracking system be composed of sunlight sensor, controller, barrel ,motor. It can freely achieve to rotate in the space within the range from 0°to 180°. The sunshine vertical irradiation bias in the solar panel is not more than 0.3°. Compared with the fixed photovoltaic system,it can effectively improve the utilization efficiency of solar energy.

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Lins, Filipe de Souza, Vinicius A. da Silva, Irenilza de Alencar Nääs, Nilsa Duarte da Silva Lima, and Mário César da Silva. "The efficacy of a dual-axis solar tracking device in tropical climate." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 11 (November 6, 2020): e1029119637. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i11.9637.

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The demand for energy and the pressure for reducing environmental impacts is increasing in developing countries, mainly in agricultural areas. The generation of electricity from photovoltaic panels can be economically and environmentally advantageous as a source of renewable energy and the ability to reach remote consumers. The present study aimed to evaluate the performance of a photovoltaic system equipped with a sun-tracking device, comparing to a fixed panel. The test compared two panels of a photovoltaic cell system, one used a rotation module in two-axis, and the other a fixed one (control), for capturing solar energy throughout the day in a tropical region of Brazil. Solar energy data were obtained in the two photovoltaic panels with data continuously recorded six months, with a weather characteristic of high cloudiness and rainfall indexes. The commissioning of the tested photovoltaic panels was done on bright days. Power results indicated that the two-axis tracker system was useful during the test, presenting an increase of 26% when compared to the fixed panel. It was found that when the cloudiness and the rain index are very high, the sun tracking system might not be as efficient as foreseen. Rainfall and cloudiness index are essential factors for determining the feasibility of using a tracker device in tropical regions.

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Jumaat, Siti Amely, Mohamad Nur Aiman Mohd Said, and Clarence Rimong Anak Jawa. "Dual axis solar tracker with IoT monitoring system using arduino." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 11, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i1.pp451-458.

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This project aims to develop dual axis solar tracker with IOT monitoring system using Arduino. Generally, solar energy is the technology to get useful energy from sunlight. Solar energy has been used in many traditional technologies over the centuries and has been widely used in the absence of other energy supplies. Its usefulness is widespread when awareness of the cost of the environment and the supply is limited by other energy sources such as fuel. The solar tracking system is the most effective technology to improve the efficiency of solar panels by tracking and following the sun's movement. With the help of this system, solar panels can improve the way of sunlight detection so that more electricity can be collected as solar panels can maintain a sunny position. Thus the project discusses the development of two-axis solar-tracking developers using Arduino Uno as main controller the system. For develops this project, four light-dependent resistors (LDRs) have been used for sunlight detection and a maximum light intensity. Two servo motors have been used to rotate the solar panel according to the sun's light source detected by the LDR. Next a WIFI ESP8266 device is used as an intermediary between device and IOT monitoring system. The IOT monitoring system is a website that functions to store data. The efficiency of this system has been tested and compared with a single axial solar tracker. As a result, the two-axis solar tracking system generates more power, voltage and current.

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Nahar, Mst Jesmin, Md Rasel Sarkar, Moslem Uddin, Md Faruk Hossain, Md Masud Rana, and Md Riyad Tanshen. "Single Axis Solar Tracker for Maximizing Power Production and Sunlight Overlapping Removal on the Sensors of Tracker." International Journal of Robotics and Control Systems 1, no. 2 (June 16, 2021): 186–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31763/ijrcs.v1i2.333.

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This paper presents the design and execution of a solar tracker system devoted to photovoltaic (PV) conversion panels. The proposed single-axis solar tracker is shifted automatically based on the sunlight detector or tracking sensor. This system also removes incident sunlight overlapping from sensors that are inside the sunlight tracking system. The Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) is used as a sensor to sense the intensity of light accurately. The sensors are placed at a certain distance from each other in the tracker system to avoid sunlight overlapping for maximum power production. The total system is designed by using a microcontroller (PIC16F877A) as a brain to control the whole system. The solar panel converts sunlight into electricity. The PV panel is fixed with a vertical axis of the tracker. This microcontroller will compare the data and rotate a solar panel via a stepper motor in the right direction to collect maximum photon energy from sunlight. From the experimental results, it can be determined that the automatic (PV solar tracker) sun tracking system is 72.45% more efficient than fixed panels, where the output power of the fixed panel and automatically adjusted panel are 8.289 watts and 14.287 watts, respectively.

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Racharla, Suneetha, K. Rajan, and K. R. Senthil Kumar. "A Fuzzy Logic Controlled Single Axis Solar Tracking System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (August 2015): 893–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.893.

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Recently renewable energy sources have gained much attention as a clean energy. But the main problem occurs with the varying nature with the day and season. Aim of this paper is to conserve the energy, of the natural resources. For solar energy resource, the output induced in the photovoltaic (PV) modules depends on solar radiation and temperature of the solar cells. To maximize the efficiency of the system it is necessary to track the path of sun in order to keep the panel perpendicular to the sun. This paper proposes the design and construction of a microcontroller-based solar panel tracking system. The fuzzy controller aims at maximizing the efficiency of PV panel by focusing the sunlight to incident perpendicularly to the panel. The system consists of a PV panel which can be operated with the help of DC motor, four LED sensors placed in different positions and a fuzzy controller which takes the input from sensors and gives output speed to motor. A prototype is fabricated to test the results and compared with the simulation results. The results show the improved performance by using a tracking system

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ALFITA, RIZA, ACHMAD FIQHI IBADILLAH, DIANA RAHMAWATI, M. KURNIAWAN HADI KUSUMA, ADI KURIAWAN, ROSIDA VIVIN NAHARI, and MIRZA PRAMUDIA. "Perancangan Solar Tracker Four Axis Berbasis Internet of Things (IoT)." ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika 8, no. 2 (May 19, 2020): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v8i2.404.

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ABSTRAKPanel surya merupakan energi terbarukan yang menjadi solusi untuk masa depan. Tetapi efisiensi menjadi masalah tersendiri pada panel surya, dengan efisiensi yang rendah mengakibatkan daya yang dihasilkan kecil dan tidak sebanding dengan harga yang dikeluarkan. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan perancangan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi panel surya ke titik maksimal dengan berbagai fitur yaitu sistem tracking, cermin reflector dan monitoring IoT. Sistem ini menggunakan sensor Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) yang digunakan untuk mendeteksi intensitas cahaya dan dilengkapi juga motor penggerak untuk mengatur sudut elevasi, cermin reflector sebagai pemantul cahaya, dan IoT untuk monitoring jarak jauh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan cermin reflector mampu meningkatkan daya pada siang hari tetapi turun ketika pagi dan sore hari, sedangkan sistem tracking mampu memproduksi daya lebih baik pada waktu kapanpun.Kata kunci: panel surya, sensor, reflektor ABSTRACTSolar panels are renewable energy which is the solution for the future. But efficiency is a problem in solar panels, with low efficiency resulting in small power generated and not worth the price incurred. In this research, the design is carried out to increase the efficiency of solar panels to the maximum point with various features, namely the tracking system, mirror reflector, and IoT monitoring. This system uses an LDR sensor that is used to detect light intensity and is also equipped with a motor to adjust the elevation angle, reflector mirror as a reflection of light, and IoT for remote monitoring. The results showed that the use of reflector mirrors can increase power during the day but go down in the morning and evening, while the tracking system is able to produce better power at any time. Keywords: Solar panels, sensor, reflector

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Widodo and Luky Ardiansyah. "IMPLEMENTATION OF MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING TWO AXIS ON PHOTOVOLTAIC BASED ON ARDUINO UNO." BEST : Journal of Applied Electrical, Science, & Technology 2, no. 2 (September 7, 2020): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/best.vol2.no2.3469.

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The photovoltaic system is a renewable energy source that utilizes solar energy and converts it into direct current (DC) electrical energy as an alternative energy to replace fossil fuels which will run out over time because it cannot be renewed quickly. In the design of the Maximum Power Point Tracking Two Axis On Photovoltaic Based on Arduino Uno intends to get a solar panel system that can work automatically following the maximum point of sunlight. The LDR (Light Dependent Resisitor) sensor functions to provide analog signals to Arduino Uno which Arduino Uno then processed as a basis for decision making to move the steper motor in changing the position of the solar panel so that it can get maximum sun exposure

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Tang, Run Sheng, Tian Ming Zhang, and Hao Zhong. "Optical Performance of Vertical Single-Axis Tracked Solar Panels with Seasonal Adjustment of Tilt-Angles." Advanced Materials Research 271-273 (July 2011): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.271-273.45.

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To investigate the optical performance of vertical single-axis tracked solar panels with the tilt-angle of solar panels being seasonally adjusted (4T-V-A tracked solar panels, in short) as compared with fixed and full 2-axis tracked solar panels, a mathematical procedure to estimate the daily collectible radiation on fixed and tracked panels is suggested based on the monthly horizontal radiation. Calculation results showed that the optimal date on which tilt-angle adjustments were seasonally made was about 23 days from the equinoxes, the seasonal optimal tilt-angles of a 4T-V-A tracked solar panel for maximizing seasonal energy collection strongly depended on site latitudes, and the corresponding maximum annual collectible radiation on such tracked panel was about 97% of solar radiation annually collected by a dual-axis tracked panel, slightly higher than that on those tracking the sun about south-north axis inclined at a yearly fixed tilt-angle from the horizon. Empirical correlations for a quick estimation of seasonal optimal tilt-angle of vertical single-axis tracked solar panels were also proposed based on climatic data of 32 sites in China.

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Chiang, Luciano E., and Jorge E. Jacob. "Low Cost Sun-Tracking Photovoltaic Panel." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education 26, no. 4 (October 1998): 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030641909802600403.

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A photovoltaic panel (PVP) incorporating a sun-tracking system was designed, built and tested. The performance improvement obtained due to the two-axis tracking system justifies the additional cost, which is minimized by using off-the-shelf components in a compact and reliable configuration. The PVP charges two 6-V batteries which in turn are used to feed the control system using only a small proportion of the converted solar energy. Thus the entire system works autonomously and independent of geographic location. Its convenience is therefore suggested for isolated and remote low-power applications. In particular it is intended for use in desertic locations in northern Chile and, by extension, in geographically similar locations in other developing countries.

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Taherbaneh, Mohsen, A. H. Rezaie, H. Ghafoorifard, K. Rahimi, and M. B. Menhaj. "Maximizing Output Power of a Solar Panel via Combination of Sun Tracking and Maximum Power Point Tracking by Fuzzy Controllers." International Journal of Photoenergy 2010 (2010): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/312580.

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In applications with low-energy conversion efficiency, maximizing the output power improves the efficiency. The maximum output power of a solar panel depends on the environmental conditions and load profile. In this paper, a method based on simultaneous use of two fuzzy controllers is developed in order to maximize the generated output power of a solar panel in a photovoltaic system: fuzzy-based sun tracking and maximum power point tracking. The sun tracking is performed by changing the solar panel orientation in horizontal and vertical directions by two DC motors properly designed. A DC-DC converter is employed to track the solar panel maximum power point. In addition, the proposed system has the capability of the extraction of solar panelI-Vcurves. Experimental results present that the proposed fuzzy techniques result in increasing of power delivery from the solar panel, causing a reduction in size, weight, and cost of solar panels in photovoltaic systems.

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Chen, Sheng, and Chih Chen Chen. "Implementation of Sun Tracking for Solar Cell with Maximum Power Point Tracking." Applied Mechanics and Materials 300-301 (February 2013): 572–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.300-301.572.

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In this paper, the implement of the solar cell for sun tracking is achieved. The sun energy is abundant with clean and green energy, but the efficiency is not benefit from the source of solar panel to the power conversion output for the practical application. This paper contains the implement starting from driving solar cell with the XY-axis servo motor to trace the optimal input solar light, then the maximum power point tracking circuit (MPPT) in the Boost conversion is included to increase the efficiency for lithium battery charging. The super capacitor banks are paralleled with the lithium battery to improve the inrush power load, which is benefit for prolong the lithium battery and solar panel life; The applications of output are included two parts; one is the small green man of traffic light and the other one is AC 110V urban electric conversion; the control core for this system is PSOC chip for its simple, practical and high efficiency demand.

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Alexandru, Cătălin. "Optimizing the control system of a single-axis sun tracking mechanism." MATEC Web of Conferences 184 (2018): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818401002.

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The work shows the optimization of the control system for the single-axis solar tracker that equips a solar panel, with the aim to increase the energetic efficiency of the system by maximizing the quantity of incident solar radiation that is captured - absorbed by the panel. The single-axis solar tracker is driven by a linear actuator, the optimization study intending to determine the optimal configuration (in terms of tuning factors) of the controller, which is a PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) device, in order to accurately achieve the motion (tracking) law imposed on the solar panel. The solar tracker was approached as a mechatronic system, the mechanical device (developed in ADAMS - Automatic Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical Systems) and the control system (developed in EASY5 - Engineering Analysis System) being integrated at the level of virtual prototype, in the concurrent engineering concept.

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de Sá Campos, Manoel Henriques, and Chigueru Tiba. "npTrack: A n-Position Single Axis Solar Tracker Model for Optimized Energy Collection." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 10, 2021): 925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14040925.

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The single axis solar tracker based on flat panels is used in large solar plants and in distribution-level photovoltaic systems. In order to achieve this, the solar tracking systems generally need to work by tracking the sun’s position with dozens, maybe hundreds of movements along the day with a maximal known tracking error within the specifications. A novel model is proposed along this work based on the control of the angle deviation within a (polar) single axis configuration. This way an optimization of the harnessing of solar energy can be achieved with as few panel displacements as possible in order to decrease the wear in the mechanical parts of the equipment and the energy consumed by it. This tracking approach was implemented with as few as seven positions along the day and got an estimated theoretical value of 99.27% of the total collected energy in a continuous tracking system. Regarding an annual average basis, it would be about 96.5% of a dual axis system according to the proposed model. The novelty of the model is related to a tradeoff between the gain with the simplicity of a single axis n-position tracking and the solar energy loss associated.

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Sudibyo, Pandu, Yanu Shalahuddin, and Mochtar Yahya. "Single Axis Tracking PV Panel Using Fuzzy Logic Control." JTECS : Jurnal Sistem Telekomunikasi Elektronika Sistem Kontrol Power Sistem dan Komputer 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.32503/jtecs.v1i1.646.

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Abstrak – Panel PV(Photovoltaic) merupakan teknologi yang mengubah energi cahaya matahari menjadi energi listrik. Maka dari itu untuk mendapatkan iradiansi maksinal perlu sistem solar tracker sebagai cara untuk optimalisasi penyerapan cahaya matahari. Pada penelitian ini membahas pembuatan model simulink solar tracker menggunakan kontroler fuzzy logic. Arah sinar matahari disensor mengguanakan 2 buah sensor LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) yang selanjutnya menjadi input logika fuzy. Sistem terdiri atas 4 komponen utama yaitu PV Modul ,Mikrokontroler, motor servo, sensor LDR(Light Dependent Resistor) yang selanjutnya menjadi input logika fuzy. Output logika fuzy berupa nilai yang kemudian diumpan ke servo untuk gerakan panel secara Single Axis. Aplikasi Matlab Simulink sebagai compiler dan pembuat permodelan sistem yang nantinya akan diupload ke mikrokontroler. Arah putaran motor servo ditentukan dengan menggunakan kendali logika fuzzy. Hasil pengujian membuktikan rata-rata tegangan panel PV lebih tinggi daripada panel tanpa kendali, dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar 14,35V.

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Szolga, Lorant Andras, and Zsolt Farnas. "Solar Panel Tracking System Using Optical Fiber." E3S Web of Conferences 191 (2020): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019101003.

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In this work we present a new method for the measurement of the light intensity for the solar panels with dual axis tracking system by using optical fiber to conduct the direct sunlight to the light dependent resistors (LDR). With this method we keep away the influence of the temperature on the photoresistors which measure the light intensity. The measurements with the proposed system was done at the same time and place with a classical system with the same configuration, but with the LDRs directly exposed to the sunlight. The results highlighted that, in cloudy conditions when the sunlight is not in direct path on the solar panels and suffers a high scattering, the optical fiber system is more efficient compared to the classical one with differences up to 18% in the generated power.

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Mejia-Ruda, Edilberto, José Ferney Medina, Mauricio Mauledoux, Oscar Aviles Sanchez, and Max Suell Dutra. "Adaptive Control for Solar Photovoltaic Tracking System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 823 (January 2016): 377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.823.377.

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This paper describes the behavior of adaptive control using the MIT rule for a polar aligned single axis tracking system, it´s for increase the efficiency of solar energy capturing compared to a polar fixed system, where the response of system is analyzed by simulation in Simulink – MATLAB® software. The data input for estimate the energy in the photovoltaic panels is the radiation data, that is obtained by weather station of the CAR (regional autonomous corporation) situated in the zone of study. The objective of the integration between the photovoltaic panel and the mechanics tracking system is to keep the perpendicular sunlight during the day. The MIT adaptive control tries to reduce possible errors, such a sun position data deviations, friction and environmental changes in the conventional solar tracking. This control was designed according to a typical polar aligned single axis tracker.

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Suparmaniam, M. V., V. Sathis, and A. O. Arshed. "A Real Time Data Monitoring System for Two-Degree of Freedom of Microcontroller based Solar Tracking System." MATEC Web of Conferences 225 (2018): 06014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822506014.

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The dual axis solar tracker was designed for optimum solar cell implementation using dc-dc boost converter which controlled by fuzzy logic controller with the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method. The objectives of this project are to track and optimize the maximum output power of the solar panel by designing and implementing the fuzzy logic controller using microcontroller as well as to regulate the output voltage of the solar panel using dc-dc boost converter. The photocell panel will detect the existing of sun and the surface plate of photocell panel will move horizontal and vertical axis depending on the value of LDR detected to follow the angular degree of sun in order to get maximum and best result of absorbing energy. The result obtained from the Arduino coding is the variation of duty cycle of PWM signal according to the voltage of solar panel. The final result obtained from dc-dc boost converter showed that the output voltage has been regulated. Data Acquisition System is done by using Arduino voltage sensor and current sensor to collect data for each second with the real time data graph. Overall, the designed system increases the efficiency of the solar panel based on experimental results.

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Chong, Shin-Horng, N. N. Chandren, and C. R. Allan Soon. "Output energy maximization of a single axis photovoltaic solar tracking system: experimental verification." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 1655. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i3.pp1655-1661.

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Major depletion of fossil fuel and the increase of greenhouse gasses such as carbon dioxide, chloroflurocarbons (CFCs), hydroflurocarbon (HFCs), perflurocarbons (PFCs) and Sulphur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>) worldwide are the catalyst for the interest of many counties towards renewable energy. The rising cost of electricity due to higher demand and less resource also led to the renewable energy venture. One of the most famous renewable energy is solar energy. Unfortunately, renewable energies are dependent on environment conditions, too. One of the major problems that affect the output energy of the solar panel is the cloud shadowing problem. Photovoltaic solar and wind hybrid system is capable to reduce the effects of the cloud shadowing by harvesting two different energy resources. However, the availability of wind energy harvesting has shown its instability performance. In this work, the photovoltaic solar array of the laboratory-scale single axis solar tracking system to maximize the output energy of the solar panel is examined experimentally. The solar array is connected in series and parallel configurations, and is experimented under different partical-shadowed conditions. The experimentation is done to develop a solar array that has a minimum effect towards this type of occurances. Experimental results proved that the parallel configured solar panel has showed less influence by the cloud shadowing as compared to the single one.

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Dondon, Philippe, Pascal Gauterie, and Renaud Charlet. "Modelling and design of a two axis small scale solar tracking system for an ecological small scale house model." MATEC Web of Conferences 210 (2018): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821002001.

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Nowadays power generation is one of the greatest challenges of humanity in the framework of Sustainable Development. For example, as it is globally accepted sun tracking systems allows improvement of solar panel power ratio. In order to illustrate this concept, this paper presents the design and a behaviour modelling of a two axis small scale system for future didactical applications. The principle of tracking is described. Mathematical description is done and a mixed SPICE modelling of the system, including geometrical, optical, electronic linear and non-linear aspects is built. Simulations results are analysed. Practical mechanical and electronic designs are detailed, before conclusion. This small scale solar tracking system is now installed in a eco-friendly small scale house model.

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Zhu, Qing Yuan, Cheng Lu Wen, Wen Yi Xie, Jun Jun Ye, and Hui Yin. "Solar Powered Automatic Controlled Advertising Light Box System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 148-149 (December 2011): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.148-149.101.

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This paper introduces a solar powered automatic controlled advertising light box system functioning box rotation and poster cycling displaying of each panel, which overcomes the disadvantages of ordinary advertising light boxes of humdrum displaying and high energy consumption. The system includes three parts which are box rotation system, poster scrolling system and single-axis sun tracking system which can improve the solar energy efficiency and reduce energy consumption. Sun tracking system which effectively combined the sun angle tracking and photoelectric tracking method can automatically switch between the work mode and hibernate mode according to time and weather condition so as to maximize energy efficiency. A hierarchical control strategy which contained main control system and sun tracking system is adopted to control light box rotation, panel displaying and sun tracking at the same time. The solar advertising light box system was verified by tests that with the hierarchical control strategy the power generated by solar panel increased 38.2% than fixed panel. Experiment results show that the light box works stably and has potential to apply under the situations where cable laying is not convenient.

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Wenda, Alex, and Rendy Dwi Putra. "Prototype System of Solar Tracking Design to Optimize the Energy Absorption Based on Arduino." Proceeding International Conference on Science and Engineering 3 (April 30, 2020): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/icse.v3.507.

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This research optimizes the absorption of solar energy in solar panels by designing mechanical systems that can move solar panels in the direction of incoming sunlight. Light-sensitive sensors are used to track the sun. The solar tracking system is designed using two axes, namely rotation axis and the tilt axis. Both axes are driven by servo motors based on light-sensitive sensors. The system was developed using an ATmega328 microcontroller unit. The test results found that using solar tracking the amount of energy produced was greater than static solar panels. Radiation generated between solar tracking and static sun can increase by 55.2%.

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Rahimoon, Asif Ahmed, Mohd Noor Abdullah, Dur Muhammad Soomro, Murad Yahya Nassar, Z. A. Memon, and P. H. Shaikh. "Design of parabolic solar dish tracking system using arduino." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 17, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 914. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v17.i2.pp914-921.

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This paper demonstrates the designing parameters of a solar parabolic dish prototype for rustic areas with great solar irradiance rate availability, where have no access of electricity services or low-income people survives to buy a stove (electric or gas). The solar parabolic dish prototype intends a solution against these types of remedies and pursues solar light to work. The parabolic dish has a polished surface, where the solar radiations fall and collected at a single concentrated focal point. At this point the collected form of energy is used to derive different thermal applications like as; cooking & heating with single and dual axis schemes. This paper discusses the important stages of dual axis prototype; implementation, solar location strategy, the analysis in terms of theory, structural design & material. The dual axis prototype is implemented through the help of Arduino chipboard that is easily in maintenance, along with that this prototype is configured with anti-lock H-bridge (L298) module to overcome the control circuit complexity and AVR modules. Two rotational motors of 12V are installed on 4*4ft designed aluminum frame with a dual-axis tracking system. The jerks among trackers are also reduced with this prototype which maintains the experimental declination angle about .To finish, this paper results that parabolic solar dish tracker obtains 3.43% improved power efficiency in comparison of photovoltaic panel tracker.

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Chowdhury, Muhammad E. H., Amith Khandakar, Belayat Hossain, and Rayaan Abouhasera. "A Low-Cost Closed-Loop Solar Tracking System Based on the Sun Position Algorithm." Journal of Sensors 2019 (February 27, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3681031.

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Sun position and the optimum inclination of a solar panel to the sun vary over time throughout the day. A simple but accurate solar position measurement system is essential for maximizing the output power from a solar panel in order to increase the panel efficiency while minimizing the system cost. Solar position can be measured either by a sensor (active/passive) or through the sun position monitoring algorithm. Sensor-based sun position measuring systems fail to measure the solar position in a cloudy or intermittent day, and they require precise installation and periodic calibrations. In contrast, the sun position algorithms use mathematical formula or astronomical data to obtain the station of the sun at a particular geographical location and time. A standalone low-cost but high-precision dual-axis closed-loop sun-tracking system using the sun position algorithm was implemented in an 8-bit microcontroller platform. The Astronomical Almanac’s (AA) algorithm was used for its simplicity, reliability, and fast computation capability of the solar position. Results revealed that incorporation of the sun position algorithm into a solar tracking system helps in outperforming the fixed system and optical tracking system by 13.9% and 2.1%, respectively. In summary, even for a small-scale solar tracking system, the algorithm-based closed-loop dual-axis tracking system can increase overall system efficiency.

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MONEM, O. "OBOUR INSTITUTE SOLAR PANEL MICROCONTROLLER BASED SINGLE AXIS SUN TRACKING SYSTEM." International Conference on Electrical Engineering 11, no. 11 (April 1, 2018): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/iceeng.2018.30249.

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Sabri Salim, Muhammed. "Optimizing solar energy for houses with slanting type roofs." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2 (June 5, 2018): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.11262.

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During the daily sun cycle, the falling rays are of varying intensity on the solar panel reducing the energy generated from it. This is evident in the energy production of solar panels that are installed on the slanted surfaces of homes scattered in the rain regions of the world. In this research, the reasons for the low efficiency of energy production of solar panels that are installed on the A-frame designs of homes were studied and solved. The design of an integrated tracking system is developed based on fuzzy logic control using an open source code that can be easily modified. The performance and characteristics of the solar tracking device are tested experimentally to test its suitability for use with slanted roofs homes. The integrated solar localization system offers economical and efficient solar monitoring, as well as open source programming, which allows for future improvements and changes. In addition, the single-axis fuzzy tracking system was good for moving both panels in less than five seconds towards the sun. The adoption of the proposed design provides an extremely accurate tracking system and therefore, maximizes the potential of power generated by the solar panel since it will meet the sun's rays from dawn to dusk. The economic effect of the proposed design is to approximately double the value of electrical power received compared to the fixed design.

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Bouzakri, Hicham, Ahmed Abbou, Khalil Tijani, and Zakaria Abousserhane. "Biaxial Equatorial Solar Tracker with High Precision and Low Consumption: Modelling and Realization." International Journal of Photoenergy 2021 (March 19, 2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6679576.

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The solar tracker is a mechanism that helps the photovoltaic panel to maximize its performance, while keeping it oriented towards direct solar radiation. In order to specify tracking, most solar trackers use two axes, one horizontal and the other vertical, which implies an increase of the consumed energy and a decrease in precision, since we have to make both motors operate simultaneously. This paper is a modelling of a biaxial solar tracker, with the principle of an equatorial mount, allowing it to precisely follow the sun via a single axis (equatorial axis), while the second axis (tilt axis) makes a small daily correction of few seconds at sunrise. In this way, our model keeps precision to the maximum, with minimum energy consumption. A detailed simulation clearly shows that the proposed model receives the maximum solar irradiation that a normal surface to solar radiation can receive and may in a certain period of the year receive a gain in the amount of solar irradiation; we have up to 63.47% compared to a fixed installation. The study details the different tracking methods, in order to adapt the concept model to the type of solar panel used. We closed finish the study with the realization of the prototype with a detailed explanation of the concept movement. To validate the simulation, we have made an experience that gives us the same results as given by simulation.

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Alexandru, Cătălin. "Simulation of a Mechatronic Dual-Axis Tracking System for PV Panels." Applied Mechanics and Materials 859 (December 2016): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.859.81.

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The paper shows the dynamic simulation in virtual environment of a dual-axis sun tracking mechanism with application in photovoltaic (PV) systems, with the aim to increase the energetic efficiency. The idea is to design a tracking mechanism that automatically changes the diurnal and elevation (altitudinal) position of the PV panel, by considering a predefined tracking algorithm, for maximizing the degree of use of the solar energy (i.e. the incident solar radiation). The tracking mechanism is approached in mechatronic concept, by through the implementation of the two main components (mechanical device, and actuating & control system) at the virtual prototype level. The dynamic simulation was performed by using a virtual prototyping platform, which includes the following software solutions: CATIA, ADAMS/View & ADAMS/Controls, and EASY5. The behavior (performance) of the tracking mechanism is evaluated from energetic efficiency point of view, considering the energy gain reported to an equivalent fixed PV system.

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Alahmdi, Raed, Abdulrahman Alansari, Mohanad Abualkhair, and Abdulrahman Almoghamisi. "Empirical Evaluation of Fixed and Single-Axis Tracking Photovoltaic System: Case of ASHRAE Solar Radiation Modelling for Medina, Saudi Arabia." Journal of Clean Energy Technologies 9, no. 3 (September 2021): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/jocet.2021.9.3.528.

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The main problem in studying the feasibility of solar systems is the enormous gap between theory and experimental radiation intensity, so to get accurate results there is a need for studying energy production in the site of the system empirically. In this study, the energy production of both fixed PV panel system and the system with single-axis tracking were empirically evaluated in Medina, Saudi Arabia. The two systems had the same 270 Wp PV panel. The fixed system was tilted by 23.5 degrees, and the single-axis tracker was tilted by 26 degrees. Both systems had an azimuth angle of zero degrees. A closedloop three-points controller was used to control the tracker with 120 degrees rotation range. The two systems operated simultaneously in July, and the data were collected for 14 days. The empirical results showed that the tracker increased the generated energy by 48.5% during the testing period. As a comparing method, a modified ASHRAE model was used to estimate the increase in the panel's energy output with and without the single-axis tracker, and RMSE and MBE were calculated. It's been found that the experimental energy generation is 10%, 5% less than the estimation of the modified model for the fixed system and the tracking system, respectively. Finally, based on the analysis, it's been estimated that the singleaxis tracker will increase the generated energy by 22.5% yearly in Medina.

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AL-Jumaili, Mustafa Hamid, Hussein M. Haglan, Mohammed K. Mohammed, and Qusay H. Eesee. "An automatic multi-axis solar tracking system in Ramadi city: design and implementation." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 19, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 1126. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i3.pp1126-1234.

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In this paper, a complete design and implementation of an automatic Multi-Axis solar tracking system has been introduced. The main purpose of this system is to track Sun location and gain the maximum energy output of the solar panels. The system is Multi-axis using microcontroller and photocells to control the direction of the penal, whereas the penal is facing the sun at all times of the day. The system is a combination of hardware and software parts that work concurrently to achieve a precise angular Sun tracking. A Base, Penal Frame, Super Jack Motors, high-efficiency Solar Panel, Arduino Uno microcontroller, Relays, Rechargeable battery, Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) have been used for the system’s hardware part. These hardware parts need a high-level programming code, as a software part, to be embedded in the microcontroller to get an effective and precise solar tracking system. The results of the presented system were compared to a fixed direction system. The results show significant efficiency improvement of 24% over the static one. For a city like Ramadi, which has a high irradiance all over the year, it is very fruitful to use such tracking systems along with photovoltaic installation systems.<div align="center"> </div>

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Mohamud Ahmed, Musse, Mohammad Kamrul Hasan, and Mohammad Shafiq. "Development of Automatic Solar Tracking System for Small Solar Energy System." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.18 (August 2, 2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.18.16664.

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The main purpose of this paper is to present a novel idea that is based on design and development of an automatic solar tracker system that tracks the Sun's energy for maximum energy output achievement. In this paper, a novel automatic solar tracking system has been developed for small-scale solar energy system. The hardware part and programming part have been concurrently developed in order for the solar tracking system to be possible for it to operate accurately. Arduino Uno R3, Sensor Shield V4 Digital Analog Module, LDR (Light Dependent Resistor), MPU-6050 6DOF 3 Axis Gyroscope has been used for tracking the angular sun movement as shown in Fig. 1. Accelerometer, High-Efficiency Solar Panel, and Tower Pro MG90S Servo Motor have been used for the hardware part. High-level programming language has been embedded in the hardware to operate the tracking system effectively. The tracking system has shown significant improvement of energy delivery to solar panel comparing to the conventional method. All the results will be shown in the full paper. There are three contributions the research presented in this paper which are, i.e. perfect tracking system, the comparison between the static and tracking system and the development of Gyroscope angular movement system which tracks the angular movement of the sun along with another tracking system.

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Aldair, Ammar, Adel Obed, and Ali Halihal. "Design and Implementation of Neuro-Fuzzy Controller Using FPGA for Sun Tracking System." Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering 12, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.12.2.2.

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Nowadays, renewable energy is being used increasingly because of the global warming and destruction of the environment. Therefore, the studies are concentrating on gain of maximum power from this energy such as the solar energy. A sun tracker is device which rotates a photovoltaic (PV) panel to the sun to get the maximum power. Disturbances which are originated by passing the clouds are one of great challenges in design of the controller in addition to the losses power due to energy consumption in the motors and lifetime limitation of the sun tracker. In this paper, the neuro-fuzzy controller has been designed and implemented using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) board for dual axis sun tracker based on optical sensors to orient the PV panel by two linear actuators. The experimental results reveal that proposed controller is more robust than fuzzy logic controller and proportional-integral (PI) controller since it has been trained offline using Matlab tool box to overcome those disturbances. The proposed controller can track the sun trajectory effectively, where the experimental results reveal that dual axis sun tracker power can collect 50.6% more daily power than fixed angle panel. Whilst one axis sun tracker power can collect 39.4 % more daily power than fixed angle panel. Hence, dual axis sun tracker can collect 8 % more daily power than one axis sun tracker.

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Okandeji, A. A., M. B. Olajide, G. O. Olasunkanmi, and Z. O. Jagun. "Analysis and implementation of a solar tracking rack system." Nigerian Journal of Technology 39, no. 3 (September 16, 2020): 871–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v39i3.29.

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Solar energy is the most feasible source of renewable energy especially in sun rich regions like Africa. In particular, electrically epileptic country like Nigeria with current power output of only about 3.5GW of energy has a relatively long sunny period for about 90% of the year, making Nigeria very rich in solar power. Maximally harnessing solar energy into usable electricity however, is still a fundamental problem as the existing models can harness only about 70% of the available energy. To maximally harness solar energy, a solar panel must be perpendicular to the energy source for all 12hours of sunlight availability, and must be able to follow the sun’s movement all day long. Accordingly, this work considers the analysis, construction, and implementation of a single axis solar tracking dynamic system. Experimental result show that the proposed system outperforms the conventional static solar tracking system. Keywords: solar energy, single axis, harvesting-solar energy.

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Khotama, Rean, Dian Budhi Santoso, and Arnisa Stefanie. "Perancangan Sistem Optimasi Smart Solar Electrical pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) dengan Metode Tracking Dual Axis Technology." Jurnal Ecotipe (Electronic, Control, Telecommunication, Information, and Power Engineering) 7, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/jurnalecotipe.v7i2.1887.

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Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) merupakan pembangkit listrik yang ramah lingkungan, dan Indonesia merupakan negara tropis yang mendapatkan pencahayaan sinar matahari optimum rata – rata 4,8 kWh per hari. Namun pada umumnya jenis pemasangan panel surya dilakukan secara tetap (statis) pada sudut tertentu sehingga radiasi matahari yang diserap oleh panel surya menjadi tidak optimal pada saat matahari membelakangi panel surya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang suatu sitem yang mampu menyerap pancaran sinar matahari secara optimum dengan menggunakan metode Tracking Dual Axis Technology Berbasis mikrokontroller ATmega 2560 sebagai pengendali Sistem dan Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) Sebagai sensor pelacak matahari. Sehingga dapat memaksimalkan penyerapan radiasi matahari oleh panel surya. Untuk pengujian Tracking Dual Axis Technology di dapatkan tegangan maksimum yang dihasilkan panel surya sebesar 20,99 Volt dan minimum 19,75 Volt serta arus maksimum sebesar 21,04 mA dan minimum 14,12 mA.

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González-Acevedo, Hernando, Yecid Muñoz-Maldonado, Adalberto Ospino-Castro, Julian Serrano, Anthony Atencio, and Cristian Jaimes Saavedra. "Design and performance evaluation of a solar tracking panel of single axis in Colombia." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 4 (August 1, 2021): 2889. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i4.pp2889-2898.

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This paper presents the mechanical design of a single axis solar tracking system, as well as the electronic design of a system that to record in real time the electric power delivered by the solar tracker and to evaluate its performance. The interface was developed in Labview and it compares the power supplied by the tracker with the power supplied by static solar panel of the same characteristics. The performance is initially simulated using Pv-Syst software, and later validated with the data obtained by the interface. As a result, the use of the solar tracker increases the power delivered by a minimum of 19%, and it can go as high as 47.84%, with an average in increase in power of 19.5% in the monthly energy production. This experimental result was compared with the simulation by Pv-Syst software and shows a difference of only 2.5%, thus validating the reliability of the simulation. This behavior pattern coincides with previous studies carried out for equatorial latitudes.

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Harazin, Jacek, and Andrzej Wróbel. "Analysis and study of the potential increase in energy output generated by prototype solar tracking, roof mounted solar panels." F1000Research 9 (November 30, 2020): 1381. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.27641.1.

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Roof mounted solar panels come in form of fixed panels, unable to adjust to sun’s position during day and throughout the year. As an effect, the efficiency of such solution is usually dependent on the roof slope and position of the building in relation to sun’s day arc during seasons. These problems can be bypassed in free standing solar installations by equipping solar panels with solar tracker installations. Thanks to solar tracking, solar panels can be dynamically positioned perpendicular to the sun position and gather energy more efficiently throughout the day. This article presents a possibility of creating a roof mounted solar tracking panel to increase its efficiency. A prototype of solar tracking panel with two axes of movement was designed with an intention of an easy adaptation to being mounted on sloped surfaces of building roofs. A reference stationary panel was used to compare the efficiency of both solutions. A 5-day study was carried out to determine if the proposed solution could provide any benefits. Based on the study, the authors made an attempt to draw a conclusion whether the design could considerably increase the solar energy output to be worth the extra spending associated with solar tracker installation.

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Singh, Ravindra Pratap. "Effect of Single Axis Solar Tracking System on the Performance of Photovoltaic System: A Comparative Experimental Study." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 2 (April 11, 2021): 1746–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.1511.

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Nowadays the demand for energy increased rapidly duo to escalating population and global technological development. Consequently, the focus on non-conventional energy sources is increasing rapidly due to change in climates and unhealthy environment caused by fossil fuels. Solar energy is vital to fulfill this growing need of clean energy. The performance of the photovoltaic (PV) technology used for capturing sun’s radiation is directly affected by solar irradiation. The optimum performance of the PV systems would be possible if the solar panel is always orientated towards the direction of maximum radiations of sun. Hence, in order improve the performance of the PV, tracking of maximum radiation of the sun is extremely important. In this experimental study, solar tracking is done using a single axis solar sun tracker which not only provides accurate but also cost efficient solar sun tracking in comparison with an existing stationary system of same capacity. The results show that a single axis solar tracking systems have generated approximately 28.3% more compared to static systems and is also found to be more economic than a solar tracking system which uses microcontroller.

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Loon, Chan Men, and Muhamad Zalani Daud. "Sensorless dual axis solar tracker using improved sun position algorithm." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 11, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 1305. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i3.pp1305-1312.

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This paper presents development of a prototype sensorless dual axis solar tracker for maximum extraction of solar energy. To prove the concept and evaluate the proposed algorithm, a low cost widely availabe materials were used which was programmed based on Arduino microcontroller. The porposed algorithm works based on two search methods namely the global search that approximates the best point location in a region, and local search that further determines the actual sun’s position. Experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm gives better performance compared to the existing sun position algorithm (SPA) - based method as well as the fixed panel system. In terms of total output power, the proposed algorithm gives 17.96% more efficient than the fixed system and 6.38% better than the SPA-based system. Furthermore, the percentage error of the experimental measured angle to the actual sun azimuth angle was relatively minimal (less than 3%) during clear day operation. The system was proven to be effective in tracking the sun for improved energy production of solar PV panels and the proposed algorithm also can be used for designing the tracker with larger size of solar PV systems.

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Xu, Xiao Li, and Yun Bo Zuo. "Universal-Joint Sun Tracking Method and Tracking Device." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 3605–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.3605.

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In order to enhance the sun tracking accuracy of photovoltaic power generation system and reduce the manufacturing cost of sun tracking devices, a new sun tracking method and corresponding tracking device was presented in this paper. The new method is to get two driving rotational angle parameters by conversing solar azimuth parameter and solar altitude parameter. According to the new parameters, the solar cell panel is driven to rotate as the universal-joint movement in order to track the sun. The new tracking device consists of solar direction monitoring module, parameter calculation module, driving device, direction error detection module, and feedback control module. It can acquire solar direction parameter to complete new angle parameters conversion and it can amend real-time interaction frequency and stride according to the direction error of solar cell panel. The new tracking device has features of high tracking accuracy, small tracking time intervals, simple structures and low manufacturing cost.

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Quaglia, Giuseppe, and Simone Luca Maurino. "Solar.q_1: A new solar-tracking mechanism based on four-bar linkages." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 231, no. 15 (April 11, 2016): 2855–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406216641454.

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This paper describes the early stages of the design process of a 2-DOF parallel mechanism, based on the use of four-bar linkages and intended to move photovoltaic panels in order to perform sun tracking. Primary importance is given to the search for a way to compensate sun–earth’s relative motions with two decoupled rotations of the panel. This leads to devise a kinematic structure characterized by a particular arrangement of the revolute axes. At the same time, the structure itself is designed in order to be slender. Subsequently, the fact that during a day the earth’s revolution around the sun has negligible effects on the apparent trajectory of the sun, if compared to the rotation around the polar axis, leads to choose a control strategy which, also thanks to the said arrangement of axes, employs only 1-DOF for most of the daytime. The tracker which employs this strategy has, theoretically, an energy consumption similar to that of 1-DOF solar trackers but a precision similar to that of 2-DOF ones.

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Udoakah, Ye-Obong, and Egwuchukwu Chukwu. "Design and Implementation of a Dual Axis Solar Tracker Using Arduino Microcontroller." ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering 17, no. 3 (December 26, 2018): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v17n3.116.

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Energy is pivotal to the human and capital development of any nation; hence, the ever growing quest to discover reliable and sustainable energy sources. Researches on renewable energy sources ranging from wind, tidal, hydro power and solar energy is on-going; all geared towards providing better electrical energy source. Solar energy, however, holds a very promising future as far as sustainable energy solution is concerned. It is silent, green, with zero negative impact to the globe and no pollution. Unlike the conventional energy sources from fossil fuel, it reduces greatly the impact of global warming and remains endless. The developed solar tracker has two automatic tracking axis for both the zenith daily and the azimuth annually as well as displaying in real-time solar irradiation and tilt angles on the mounted LCD. The self-controlled tracking is achieved by using a MEGA2560 microcontroller board, programmed to read analog values from an array of LDRs, convert them to digital values, compare them and drive the stepper motors in the desired direction until equal light is sensed by alternate LDRs. At this point, the panel is aligned perpendicular to the sun rays to capture the maximum possible energy. A working prototype is successfully designed and constructed. The testing revealed very precise tracking made possible by using micro-stepping modes of the stepper motors. This also gave a very high tracking accuracy of about ±0.0560.

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Mohammad Hasib Al Isbilly, Tubagus Fahm, and Markhaban Siswanto. "Optimasi Dual Axis Tracking Untuk Solar Cell Berbasis Imperialis Competitive Algorithm (ICA)." Jurnal Intake : Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Teknik dan Terapan 10, no. 1 (April 25, 2019): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.48056/jintake.v10i1.51.

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The use of fossil energy as an electric fuel causes the earth to experience global-warming. As a tropical country, Indonesia has great potential to develop solar energy as a substitute for fossil energy. Increased efficiency in capturing sunlight will further optimize the work of the Solar Power Plant (PLTS). One way that can be done is by making a solar tracker so that the Solar Panel can follow the direction of the sun's motion. Optimization Design The solar tracker uses dual axis using Proportional Integral Differential (PID) control tuned with the Imperialis Competitive Algorithm (ICA), which is expected to be able to get the right angle between the yaw and Pitch with Azimuth and Elevation Angle. The PID-ICA controller design is done using matlab software. For vertical and horizontal rotary axes it is expected to obtain the best PID-ICA constant, which in turn will affect the performance and optimization of the photovoltaic system. The best optimization results using ICA-based PID with a settling time value of 0.0906 s on the horizontal axis and 0.094 s on the vertical axis

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Journal articles on the topic 'Two-axis tracking solar panel'

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