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Journal articles on the topic 'Two-dimensional languages'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

DOLZHENKO, EGOR, and NATAŠA JONOSKA. "TWO-DIMENSIONAL LANGUAGES AND CELLULAR AUTOMATA." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 23, no. 01 (2012): 185–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054112500037.

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Space-time diagrams of a one-dimensional cellular automaton can be visualized as half-plane arrays of symbols. The set of rectangular blocks extracted from such arrays forms a two-dimensional (picture) language. We initiate a study of cellular automata through the associated two dimensional languages by investigating cellular automata whose two-dimensional languages are factorial-local. We show that these cellular automata have the same characterization as one-sided cellular automata with SFT traces.

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Anselmo, Marcella, Dora Giammarresi, Maria Madonia, and Antonio Restivo. "Unambiguous recognizable two-dimensional languages." RAIRO - Theoretical Informatics and Applications 40, no. 2 (2006): 277–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ita:2006008.

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De Carli, F., A. Frosini, S. Rinaldi, and A. Sorbi. "Lattices of local two-dimensional languages." Theoretical Computer Science 410, no. 27-29 (2009): 2701–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2009.03.025.

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4

JONOSKA, NATAŠA, and JONI BURNETTE PIRNOT. "TRANSITIVITY IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL LOCAL LANGUAGES DEFINED BY DOT SYSTEMS." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 17, no. 02 (2006): 435–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054106003917.

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The paper investigates two-dimensional recognizable languages that are defined by the so-called "dot systems" that are special subgroups of (ℤ/2ℤ)ℤ2. The dot shapes that provide directional transitivity or mixing for the related language are investigated. It is shown that languages defined by parallelogram shapes fail to be transitive in the direction of a defining vector and hence fail to be mixing, while certain triangular shapes guarantee that the factor language of the associated dot system will be mixing. Dot systems belong to a class of two-dimensional shift spaces that have a factor lan

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Lee, Edward T. "Line‐oriented two‐dimensional parallel computer languages." Kybernetes 31, no. 6 (2002): 872–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03684920210432826.

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6

INOUE, A. "Inkdot versus Pebble over Two-Dimensional Languages." IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences E88-A, no. 5 (2005): 1173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ietfec/e88-a.5.1173.

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Jemima, Samuel Mary, and Rajkumar Dare. "Watson-Crick Local Languages and Watson-Crick Two Dimensional Local Languages." International Journal of Mathematics and Soft Computing 5, no. 2 (2015): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.26708/ijmsc.2015.2.5.19.

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Anselmo, Marcella, Dora Giammarresi, and Maria Madonia. "A Common Framework to Recognize Two-dimensional Languages*." Fundamenta Informaticae 171, no. 1-4 (2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/fi-2020-1869.

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Anselmo, Marcella, and Maria Madonia. "Classes of two-dimensional languages and recognizability conditions." RAIRO - Theoretical Informatics and Applications 44, no. 4 (2010): 471–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ita/2011003.

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Dolinka, Igor. "A note on identities of two-dimensional languages." Discrete Applied Mathematics 146, no. 1 (2005): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dam.2004.07.004.

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Průša, Daniel. "Complexity of Matching Sets of Two-Dimensional Patterns by Two-Dimensional On-Line Tessellation Automaton." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 28, no. 05 (2017): 623–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012905411740010x.

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We study the two-dimensional pattern matching implemented using the deterministic two-dimensional on-line tessellation automaton. This restricted two-dimensional cellular automaton is able to simulate the Baker–Bird algorithm, which was proposed as the first algorithm for the two-dimensional pattern matching. We explore capabilities of this automaton to carry out the matching task against an arbitrary set of equal-sized patterns. To measure amount of resources needed to accomplish it, we introduce the pattern complexity of a picture language. We show that this complexity ranges from a constant

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Anaya, Jissel B., Elizabeth D. Peña, and Lisa M. Bedore. "Where Spanish and English Come Together: A Two Dimensional Bilingual Approach to Clinical Decision Making." Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 1, no. 14 (2016): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/persp1.sig14.3.

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An increasing number of United States school children are from culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) backgrounds and speak multiple languages. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are often challenged with differentiating the performance of bilingual children with language impairment from those who may display a language difference. While there is consensus that we should consider both languages of a bilingual child in formal and informal assessments, there is no agreed way to interpret results of testing in both languages. The aim of this article is to propose a framework for conducting

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Anselmo, Marcella, Dora Giammarresi, and Maria Madonia. "Deterministic and Unambiguous Families within Recognizable Two-dimensional Languages." Fundamenta Informaticae 98, no. 2-3 (2010): 143–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/fi-2010-221.

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Anselmo, Marcella, Dora Giammarresi, and Maria Madonia. "A computational model for tiling recognizable two-dimensional languages." Theoretical Computer Science 410, no. 37 (2009): 3520–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2009.03.016.

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GIAMMARRESI, DORA, and ANTONIO RESTIVO. "RECOGNIZABLE PICTURE LANGUAGES." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 06, no. 02n03 (1992): 241–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021800149200014x.

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The purpose of this paper is to propose a new notion of recognizability for picture (two-dimensional) languages extending the characterization of one-dimensional recognizable languages in terms of local languages and alphabetic mappings. We first introduce the family of local picture languages (denoted by LOC) and, in particular, prove the undecidability of the emptiness problem. Then we define the new family of recognizable picture languages (denoted by REC). We study some combinatorial and language theoretic properties of REC such as ambiguity, closure properties or undecidability results. F

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SIROMONEY, RANI, LISA MATHEW, K. G. SUBRAMANIAN, and V. R. DARE. "LEARNING OF RECOGNIZABLE PICTURE LANGUAGES." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 08, no. 02 (1994): 627–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001494000334.

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Learning of certain classes of two-dimensional picture languages is considered in this paper. Linear time algorithms that learn in the limit, from positive data the classes of local picture languages and locally testable picture languages are presented. A crucial step for obtaining the learning algorithm for local picture languages is an explicit construction of a two-dimensional on-line tessellation acceptor for a given local picture language. A polynomial time algorithm that learns the class of recognizable picture languages from positive data and restricted subset queries, is presented in c

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Anselmo, Marcella, and Maria Madonia. "Deterministic and unambiguous two-dimensional languages over one-letter alphabet." Theoretical Computer Science 410, no. 16 (2009): 1477–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2008.12.009.

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Morita, Kenichi, Kaoru Nakazono, and Kazuhiro Sugata. "On two-dimensional pattern-matching languages and their decision problems." Information Sciences 40, no. 1 (1986): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-0255(86)90012-5.

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Plátek, Martin, Friedrich Otto, and František Mráz. "Two-dimensional hierarchies of proper languages of lexicalized FRR-automata." Information and Computation 207, no. 11 (2009): 1300–1314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ic.2009.02.011.

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Delorme, M., and J. Mazoyer. "Real-time recognition of languages on an two-dimensional Archimedean thread." Theoretical Computer Science 322, no. 2 (2004): 335–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2004.03.016.

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Bersani, Marcello M., Achille Frigeri, and Alessandra Cherubini. "Expressiveness and complexity of regular pure two-dimensional context-free languages." International Journal of Computer Mathematics 90, no. 8 (2013): 1708–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207160.2013.787143.

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22

INOUE, KATSUSHI, and ITSUO TAKANAMI. "A CHARACTERIZATION OF RECOGNIZABLE PICTURE LANGUAGES." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 08, no. 02 (1994): 501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001494000255.

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This paper first shows that REC, the family of recognizable picture languages in Giammarresi and Restivo,3 is equal to the family of picture languages accepted by two-dimensional on-line tessellation acceptors in Inoue and Nakamura.5 By using this result, we then solve open problems in Giammarresi and Restivo,3 and show that (i) REC is not closed under complementation, and (ii) REC properly contains the family of picture languages accepted by two-dimensional nondeterministic finite automata even over a one letter alphabet.

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Otto, Friedrich, and František Mráz. "Automata with cyclic move operations for picture languages." RAIRO - Theoretical Informatics and Applications 52, no. 2-3-4 (2018): 235–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ita/2018018.

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Here, we study the cyclic extensions of Sgraffito automata and of deterministic two-dimensional two-way ordered restarting automata for picture languages. Such a cyclically extended automaton can move in a single step from the last column (or row) of a picture to the first column (or row). For Sgraffito automata, we show that this cyclic extension does not increase the expressive power of the model, while for deterministic two-dimensional two-way restarting automata, the expressive power is strictly increased by allowing cyclic moves. In fact, for the latter automata, we take the number of all

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Subramanian, K. G., Rani Siromoney, and Gift Siromoney. "A note on an extension of matrix grammars generating two-dimensional languages." Information Sciences 35, no. 3 (1985): 223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-0255(85)90052-0.

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Anselmo, Marcella, Dora Giammarresi, and Maria Madonia. "New operations and regular expressions for two-dimensional languages over one-letter alphabet." Theoretical Computer Science 340, no. 2 (2005): 408–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2005.03.031.

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26

Turkmen, Banu Bulduk. "Fictional Illustration Language with Reference to M. C. Escher and Istvan Orosz Examples." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 11 (2017): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v4i11.2870.

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Alternative approaches in illustration language have constantly been developing in terms of material and technical aspects. Illustration languages also differ in terms of semantics and form. Differences in formal expressions for increasing the effect of the subject on the audience lead to diversity in the illustrations. M. C. Escher’s three-dimensional images to be perceived in a two-dimensional environment, together with mathematical and symmetry-oriented studies and the systematic formed by a numerical structure in its background, are associated with the notion of illustration in terms of fi

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CHANDRA, P. HELEN, K. G. SUBRAMANIAN, and D. G. THOMAS. "PARALLEL SPLICING ON IMAGES." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 18, no. 06 (2004): 1071–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001404003599.

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In this paper, splicing on images of rectangular arrays is introduced as a simple and effective extension of the operation of splicing on strings extensively studied in the context of DNA computing. A comparison of the resulting class of splicing array languages with the local two-dimensional array languages and two-dimensional right linear languages is made. Certain closure properties are obtained. Furthermore, the notion of self cross-over of strings is extended to arrays with respect to the splicing of arrays introduced here.

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Rabadi, Reem Ibrahim. "Demonstrative Pronouns in English and Arabic: Are they Different or Similar?" English Language and Literature Studies 6, no. 1 (2016): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ells.v6n1p16.

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<p>The present study is a contrastive analysis that delves into the demonstratives in Arabic (Standard Arabic) and English. The aim of the study is to reveal the similarities and differences between the demonstratives of the two languages by delineating their phonological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic properties. Exposing these differences will specify what language teachers have to teach and what language learners whether Arabic or English learners have to learn.</p><p>The interesting point found is that both Arabic and English demonstratives share more linguistic

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MORITA, KENICHI, YASUNORI YAMAMOTO, and KAZUHIRO SUGATA. "TWO-DIMENSIONAL THREE-WAY ARRAY GRAMMARS AND THEIR ACCEPTORS." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 03, no. 03n04 (1989): 353–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001489000280.

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Two kinds of three-way isometric array grammars arc proposed as subclasses of an isometric monotonic array grammar. They are a three-way horizontally context-sensitive array grammar (3HCSAG) and a three-way immediately terminating array grammar (3ITAG). In these three-way grammars, patterns of symbols can grow only in the leftward, rightward and downward directions. We show that their generating abilities of rectangular languages are precisely characterized by some kinds of three-way two-dimensional Turing machines or related acceptors. In this paper. the following results are proved. First, 3

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Hwu, Chyanbin, J. Y. Wu, C. W. Fan, and M. C. Hsieh. "Stroh Finite Element for Two-Dimensional Linear Anisotropic Elastic Solids." Journal of Applied Mechanics 68, no. 3 (2000): 468–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1364497.

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A general solution satisfying the strain-displacement relation, the stress-strain laws and the equilibrium conditions has been obtained in Stroh formalism for the generalized two-dimensional anisotropic elasticity. The general solution contains three arbitrary complex functions which are the basis of the whole field stresses and deformations. By selecting these arbitrary functions to be linear or quadratic, and following the direct finite element formulation, a new finite element satisfying both the compatibility and equilibrium within each element is developed in this paper. A computer window

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Davtian, Elena N. "Diagnosis in the one-dimensional psychiatry." Neurology Bulletin LIII, no. 1 (2021): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/nb58383.

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Based on the analysis of the semantic content of the word diagnosis in general medicine and psychiatry, the author comes to the conclusion that of all the functions of diagnosis (medical, social, economic and statistical), modern psychiatric diagnosis has only the last two ones economic and statistical. The clinical (medical) component of the diagnosis disappears. The origins of this state of things are analyzed. The article substantiates the position that the statistical language of operational psychiatry is a kind of pidgin languages, which led to the one-dimensional psychiatry.

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Pilyugina, Elena R. "Two-dimensional classification of psychological defense mechanisms." Вестник Пермского университета. Философия. Психология. Социология, no. 2 (2020): 270–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2078-7898/2020-2-270-280.

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The paper proposes the author’s classification of psychological defense mechanisms, consisting of 20 mechanisms and representing a two-dimensional model. The idea of this model is that these mechanisms have a cross-relationship between 4 levels of the hierarchy (psychotic, infantile, neurotic, and adaptive groups) and 5 types of overcoming frustration which are the basis for the formation and functioning of the defense mechanism. The novelty of the article is the idea that each of the 20 defense mechanisms belongs to one of the 5 types of overcoming frustration — distracting type (mechanisms o

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Madejski, Grzegorz, and Andrzej Szepietowski. "Membership Problem for Two-Dimensional General Row Jumping Finite Automata." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 31, no. 04 (2020): 527–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054120500239.

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Two-dimensional general row jumping finite automata were recently introduced as an interesting computational model for accepting two-dimensional languages. These automata are nondeterministic. They guess an order in which rows of the input array are read and they jump to the next row only after reading all symbols in the previous row. In each row, they choose, also nondeterministically, an order in which segments of the row are read. In this paper, we study the membership problem for these automata. We show that each general row jumping finite automaton can be simulated by a nondeterministic T

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FINKEL, OLIVIER. "ON RECOGNIZABLE LANGUAGES OF INFINITE PICTURES." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 15, no. 06 (2004): 823–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054104002777.

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In a recent paper, Altenbernd, Thomas and Wöhrle have considered acceptance of languages of infinite two-dimensional words (infinite pictures) by finite tiling systems, with the usual acceptance conditions, such as the Büchi and Muller ones, firstly used for infinite words. The authors asked for comparing the tiling system acceptance with an acceptance of pictures row by row using an automaton model over ordinal words of length ω2. We give in this paper a solution to this problem, showing that all languages of infinite pictures which are accepted row by row by Büchi or Choueka automata reading

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Biber, Douglas. "Using multi-dimensional analysis to explore cross-linguistic universals of register variation." Languages in Contrast 14, no. 1 (2014): 7–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.14.1.02bib.

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Multi-Dimensional analyses have been conducted for many different discourse domains and many different languages. Using bottom-up statistical analyses, these studies have investigated specific patterns of register variation in several different discourse domains of English, as well as the more general patterns of register variation in many different languages. Each study identifies linguistic dimensions that are peculiar to that particular language/domain. However, the more theoretically interesting finding is that linguistically similar dimensions emerge in nearly all of these studies. Two of

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Thomas, Ann Susa. "Visualisation of Collage Grammar to CellWorks: ET0L Mode and Part Sensitive Mode." Mapana - Journal of Sciences 16, no. 3 (2017): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12723/mjs.42.5.

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Images are an important aspect of human life as one remembers pictures better than words. Informally, a twodimensional string is called a picture. A two-dimensional language (or picture language) is a set of pictures. Picture generation and analysis has become a widely investigated field in Theoretical Computer Science and in Mathematics. Collage grammars are studied as devices that generate pictures by rewriting based on hyperedge replacement. A cell-work is a finite set of cells where each cell (being a three dimensional entity) is surrounded by one or more faces. This paper focuses on how c

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LIN, H. J., and P. S. P. WANG. "PUSHDOWN RECOGNIZERS FOR ARRAY PATTERN." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 03, no. 03n04 (1989): 377–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001489000292.

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We investigate the factors that make it difficult to generalize pushdown automata for one-dimensional strings to two-dimensional arrays. Then we resolve the problems and construct two-dimensional pushdown array automata (PDAA). The relationship between isometric context-free array languages and pushdown array automata is established. Several examples of array automata are presented, and a pushdown array automaton is tested on VAX8650/VMS using PASCAL.

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Febriyanto, Wahyu, Brenda Chandrawati, and Erdhi Widyarto. "THE PETS:Game Introduction of Pets in Two Languages." SISFORMA 3, no. 2 (2017): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24167/sisforma.v3i2.604.

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Introducing environment is important for children. Included in this environment is the life of living beings such as humans, animals, and plants. The role of parents is needed in introducing the living creatures. One of the living creatures that endeared children are animals, especially the pets. Therefore made educational game The Pets. With the game "The Pets" is expected to help parents to teach the children in learning about pets based on place of living and food. In this paper describes how to design and create introducing pet game based on the type of food and its habitat in two differen

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Andrássy, Géza, and László Imre Komlósi. "Dimensionality Expressed by Caseendings and Spatial Prepositions." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 1 (May 12, 2002): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/1/3528.

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The purpose of this essay is to investigate some of the uses of English prepositions and Hungarian case endings employed to express spatial relations. The observation of invariant mistakes Hungarian native speakers learning English make initiated the investigation. The questions raised are: (a) where do the two systems match and where do mismatches lie, (b) how do language users perceive the world, and (c) do speakers observe spatial relations as two-dimensional or three-dimensional cognitive models? Do different languages see the same thing as either three-dimensional, or two-dimensional?Abon

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WANG, HSIAO-CHUAN, and HSIAO-FEN PAI. "RECOGNITION OF MANDARIN SYLLABLES BASED ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL CEPSTRAL COEFFICIENTS." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 08, no. 01 (1994): 247–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001494000127.

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This paper presents a speech recognition method based on the distribution of two-dimensional cepstral (TDC) coefficients. For each recognition unit, a TDC matrix is calculated. A set of selected TDC coefficients forms a pattern to represent this speech segment. By assuming the Gaussian distribution of the TDC coefficients, a statistical model for a class of speech patterns is generated. The recognition process is to evaluate the probability of a TDC pattern belonging to a specific pattern class and to find the model which gives the highest probability. This method is applied to the recognition

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Stevenson, Marie, Rob Schoonen, and Kees de Glopper. "Revising in two languages: A multi-dimensional comparison of online writing revisions in L1 and FL." Journal of Second Language Writing 15, no. 3 (2006): 201–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2006.06.002.

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GIAMMARRESI, DORA. "EXPLORING INSIDE TILING RECOGNIZABLE PICTURE LANGUAGES TO FIND DETERMINISTIC SUBCLASSES." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 22, no. 07 (2011): 1519–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054111008854.

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Tiling recognizable two-dimensional languages, also known as REC, generalize recognizable string languages to two dimensions and share with them several theoretical properties. Nevertheless family REC is not closed under complementation and this implies that it is intrinsically non-deterministic. We consider different notions of unambiguity and determinism and the corresponding REC subclasses: they define a hierarchy inside REC. We show that some definitions of unambiguity are equivalent to particular notions of determinism and therefore the corresponding classes have linear parsing algorithms

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PRŮŠA, DANIEL, and FRANTIŠEK MRÁZ. "RESTARTING TILING AUTOMATA." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 24, no. 06 (2013): 863–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054113400236.

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We present a new model of a two-dimensional computing device called restarting tiling automaton. The automaton defines a set of tile-rewriting, weight-reducing rules and a scanning strategy by which a tile to rewrite is being searched. We investigate properties of the induced families of picture languages. Special attention is paid to picture languages that can be accepted independently of the scanning strategy. We show that this family strictly includes REC and exhibits similar closure properties. Moreover, we prove that its intersection with the set of one-row languages coincides with the re

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Ivaska, Ilmari, and Silvia Bernardini. "Constrained language use in Finnish: A corpus-driven approach." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 43, no. 1 (2020): 33–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586520000013.

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AbstractIt has been suggested that second languages and translated languages are constrained by an interplay of several linguistic systems. This paper reports on a data-driven quantitative study on constrained Finnish. We detect linguistic phenomena that distinguish constrained from non-constrained Finnish across constrained varieties, first/source languages, and registers. Implementing a two-phase method, we first detect key quantitative differences of syntactically defined POS bigrams between each variety-, language-pair- and register-specific constrained dataset and its non-constrained coun

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Duncan, D. M., D. A. Gibbs, N. S. Noor, and H. M. Whittaker. "Bilingual Acquisition of L1 Punjabi and L2 English by Sandwell Primary School Children." ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 70 (January 1, 1985): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/itl.70.01dun.

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ABSTRACT Diagnostic Expressive Language (Syntax) Tests of L1 Punjabi and L2 English were devised by a joint Health and Education Department team and administered to 99 Punjabi-speaking sub-jects after 5, 8 and 11 Terms of School in England. Their scores were analysed on a two-dimensional matrix by error analysis to form profiles of their behaviour in the two lanÂguages. Both L1 Punjabi and L2 English were seen to develop with age, the former showing a spurt between 8 and 11 Terms (7 1/2 to 8 1/2 years) and the latter reflecting a steady acquisition. Language 'transfer' of certain features wher

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Agan, Şebnem İlhan, and Sabahattin Deniz. "A Rubric Study for Assessing Paragraph Level Written Texts." Journal of Education and Training Studies 8, no. 1 (2019): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v8i1.4610.

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In this study, an analytical rubric which has a five dimensional scoring key was developed. It was used to evaluate paragraph-level written texts which were written by the students attending process writing activities in B1 optional preparatory classes in Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University School of Foreign Languages. The development stages of rubric are as follows: establishing the dimensions of the rubric, establishing the performance levels, cells (the criteria of the rubric) and the performance level score ranges of the rubric, examining the usability of the rubric by forming sample texts, the

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PIERRE, LAURENCE. "INDUCTION-ORIENTED VERIFICATION OF REPLICATED ARCHITECTURES DESCRIBED IN VHDL." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 10, no. 03n04 (2000): 181–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126600000159.

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This paper is concerned with the application of theorem proving techniques to the formal proof of hardware. More precisely, we aim at providing a methodology for applying provers like Nqthm or Acl2 to the formal verification of parameterized replicated circuits. Nqthm (the Boyer–Moore theorem prover) and its successor Acl2 are induction-based systems; their formalisms are respectively a simplified Lisp-like language and Common Lisp. Hence, the circuits we consider must be given a purely functional representation. Moreover, our work puts the emphasis on the integration of formal proof technique

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Koch, Peter, and Daniela Marzo. "A two-dimensional approach to the study of motivation in lexical typology and its first application to French high-frequency vocabulary." Studies in Language 31, no. 2 (2007): 259–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.31.2.02koc.

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‘Morphological’ and ‘semantic’ motivation are not just two types (Ullmann 1966), but two interrelated dimensions of the problem of lexical motivation. For instance, Fr. poire ‘pear’ — poirier ‘pear-tree’ expresses the same cognitive relation as the polysemy of Russ. gruša, and, at the same time, polysemy is only one formal device among others expressing cognitive relations that underlie lexical motivation. So the two dimensions of formal and cognitive relations in motivation only exist in combination. A sub-dimension of the formal aspect of motivation is the degree of formal transparency (cf.

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Power, A. J., and Charles Wells. "A formalism for the specification of essentially-algebraic structures in 2-categories." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 2, no. 1 (1992): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129500001110.

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A type of higher-order two-dimensional sketch is defined which has models in suitable 2-categories. It has as special cases the ordinary sketches of Ehresmann and certain previously defined generalizations of one-dimensional sketches. These sketches allow the specification of constructions in 2-categories such as weighted limits, as well as higher-order constructions such as exponential objects and subobject classifiers, that cannot be sketched by limits and colimits. These sketches are designed to be the basis of a category-based methodology for the description of functional programming langu

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Manns, Howard. "Scripting radio language amidst language shift in Indonesia." Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 24, no. 1 (2014): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.24.1.02man.

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There is a shift underway in many areas of Indonesia from local, ethnic languages like Javanese, to the national language, Indonesian. Few studies have explored the complexities faced by radio stations targeting the audiences undergoing this shift. This article explores the attitudes influencing the design of radio language at three local radio stations in East Java. Semi-structured interviews, based on extracts of radio language, are conducted with program directors and announcers at these stations. These data are used to outline how radio stations approach the design of radio talk amidst lan

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