Academic literature on the topic 'Two dimensional technique'

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Journal articles on the topic "Two dimensional technique"

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Thoman, John W., David W. Chandler, David H. Parker, and Maurice H. M. Janssen. "Two-dimensional Imaging of Photofragments." Laser Chemistry 9, no. 1-3 (January 1, 1988): 27–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/lc.9.27.

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The technique of photofragment imaging is described, and several examples of the power of the technique are presented. Two-dimensional images of state-selected photofragments from the photodissociations of CD3I and H2S illustrate how photofragment imaging reveals β parameters, brancing ratios, Doppler profiles and vector correlations. Comparisons are made with Doppler profiling and one-dimensional time-of-flight techniques.
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Emmert, John M., and Dinesh K. Bhatia. "Two-dimensional Placement Using Tabu Search." VLSI Design 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2001/92781.

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Search based placement of modules is an important problem in VLSI design. It is always desired that the search should converge quickly to a high quality solution. This paper presents a tabu search based optimization technique to place modules on a regular two-dimensional array. The goal of the technique is to speed up the placement process. The technique is based on a two-step placement strategy. The first step is targeted toward improving circuit routability and the second step addresses circuit performance. The technique is demonstrated through placement of several benchmark circuits on academic as well as commercial FPGAs. Results are compared to placements generated by commercial CAE tools and published simulated annealing based techniques. The tabu search technique compares favorably to published simulated annealing based techniques, and it demonstrates an average execution time speedup of 20 with no impact on quality of results when compared to commercial tools.
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Jenni, R., A. Vieli, Th F. Lüscher, E. Schneider, W. Vetter, and M. Anliker. "Combined Two-Dimensional Ultrasound Doppler Technique." Nephron 44, no. 1 (1986): 2–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000184035.

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MacFarlane, D. L., W. Y. Kim, J. S. Nilvi, T. Nuth, and V. Tan. "Novel two-dimensional laser scanning technique." Optics and Lasers in Engineering 17, no. 1 (January 1992): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-8166(92)90022-y.

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Zucker, Shay. "TODCOR – Two-Dimensional Correlation." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 7, S282 (July 2011): 371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921311027852.

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AbstractTODCOR is a TwO-Dimensional CORrelation technique to measure radial velocities of the two components of a spectroscopic binary. Assuming the spectra of the two components are known, the technique correlates an observed binary spectrum against a combination of the two spectra with different shifts. TODCOR measures simultaneously the radial velocities of the two stars by finding the maximum correlation. The main use of the technique has been to turn single-lined binaries into double-lined systems. This helps to explore the binary mass-ratio distribution, especially the low-mass regime, where the secondaries are usually very faint and therefore hard to detect. The technique has been generalized to study multi-order spectra, and also triple- and quadruple-lined systems. It has several applications in studying extrasolar planets and in the future may even help to dynamically measure stellar masses of binaries through relativistc effects.
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Cignoli, Francesco, Silvana De Iuliis, Vittorio Manta, and Giorgio Zizak. "Two-dimensional two-wavelength emission technique for soot diagnostics." Applied Optics 40, no. 30 (October 20, 2001): 5370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.40.005370.

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Konishi, Tadashi, Syuji Naka, Akihiko Ito, and Kozo Saito. "Transient two-dimensional fuel-concentration measurement technique." Applied Optics 36, no. 33 (November 20, 1997): 8815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.36.008815.

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Zhou, Shaomin, Hua-Kuang Liu, and Pochi Yeh. "Dynamic two-dimensional beam-pattern steering technique." Optics Letters 18, no. 11 (June 1, 1993): 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.18.000843.

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Zhu, Rui Feng, and Tadao Takaoka. "A technique for two-dimensional pattern matching." Communications of the ACM 32, no. 9 (September 1989): 1110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/66451.66459.

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Mohanty, S., S. Banerjee, J. Jose, D. Goyal, A. K. Mohanty, and F. Carminati. "Two dimensional correlated sampling using alias technique." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 368 (June 21, 2012): 012045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/368/1/012045.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Two dimensional technique"

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Al-Jawhari, Hala A. "Study of energy loss by a hot two-dimensional electron gas." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287252.

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Hultschig, Claus. "Two-dimensional screening towards establishing a novel technique to study biomolecular interactions /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=958460264.

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Ashworth, Clive D. "Neutron reflectivity : a technique for the characterisation of two-dimensional semiconductor structures." Thesis, University of Reading, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329079.

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Wright, Jeanne. "Colour and sculpture : an investigation into the use of two dimensional media in sculpture." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004783.

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From Introduction: Creative images which are normally called 'art' can be distinguished as either 'plastic' or visual. Both these forms throughout the history of art have relied to a greater or lesser degree on the use of colour. It is my intention to investigate specifically the changing role which colour has played in sculpture - the 'plastic' media of the visual arts and to chart the technical and aesthetic reasons for the use of colour. This investigation will encompass the historical perspective, the material qualities, aesthetic considerations, transitional codes and methods of approach in sociological frameworks and the examination of colour as a metaphysical element in the presentation of three dimensional media.
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Karelina, Anna. "The two-dimensional vibrating reed technique a study of anisotropic pinning in high-temperature superconductors /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=970717067.

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Grobler, Thelma. "Two-dimensional gas chromatography : a novel technique for iron low temperature Fischer-Tropsch selectivity studies." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5327.

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Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is a process that catalytically converts hydrogen and carbon monoxide into a large variety of hydrocarbons and oxygenated products. Over the years many researchers have attempted to describe the full product spectrum (ranging from C1 to C100+) but due to the complexity of the product and shortcomings of certain analytical techniques (or equipment) most researchers were only able to construct product distributions from extrapolations of data recorded from analysis of the C1 to C5 fraction of the Fischer-Tropsch product. With recent advances in analytical technology and the development of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC) it may now be possible to analyze the complex Fischer-Tropsch products in a relatively short time while delivering good separation of even minor compounds such as oxygenates and branched compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate if two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC) really results in improved separation and identification of compounds in the complex Fischer-Tropsch product spectrum and will lead to a more complete product distribution especially of the minor compounds such as branched hydrocarbons, ketones, aldehydes and acids. For this study GCxGC equipment, supplied by Zoex Corporation, was connected to a micro slurry phase reactor system to provide for both on-line gas analysis as well as off-line product analysis. GCxGC methods were developed to analyze the hot tail gas and oil products from Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Thereafter a test sample (C6 to C30 oil product from Fischer- Tropsch synthesis process) was injected several times into both the GCxGC and 1D GC systems. The purpose of this was to compare the detection ability and accuracy of the two instruments.
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Hao, Qing, Hongbo Zhao, and Yue Xiao. "A hybrid simulation technique for electrothermal studies of two-dimensional GaN-on-SiC high electron mobility transistors." AMER INST PHYSICS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624219.

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In this work, a hybrid simulation technique is introduced for the electrothermal study of a two-dimensional GaN-on-SiC high electron mobility transistor. Detailed electron and phonon transport is considered by coupled electron and phonon Monte Carlo simulations in the transistor region. For regions away from the transistor, the conventional Fourier's law is used for thermal analysis to minimize the computational load. This hybrid simulation strategy can incorporate the physical phenomena over multiple length scales, including phonon generation by hot electrons in the conduction channel, frequency-dependent phonon transport in the transistor region, and heat transfer across the whole macroscale device. Published by AIP Publishing.
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Pickhaver, T. W. "Prediction and validation of the aerodynamic effects of simulated battle damage on aircraft wings." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14688.

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Aerodynamic analysis is an important area of survivability studies. There is a desire to be able to predict the aerodynamic effects of a given damage scenario on an aircraft wing with minimal wind tunnel testing or computational simulations. Due to the limited nature of previous studies, this has not generally been possible. The original contribution of this thesis is a predictive technique developed to estimate the aerodynamic effects of a simulated battle damage hole on an aircraft wing, resulting from a range of attack directions. This technique was successfully validated against experimental data. Testing under two-dimensional conditions was undertaken on a NASA LS(1)-0417MOD aerofoil at a Reynolds number of 500,000. This project simulates the effect of attack direction by varying the offset between upper and lower surface damage holes in both chordwise and spanwise directions. Damage was modelled using circular holes. Lift, drag and pitching moment coefficients were measured and supplemented with surface flow visualisation and surface pressure measurements. Coefficient increments, defined as the difference between the damage cases and a datum undamaged case were used to quantify the effects of the damage, with the performance qualified in terms of weak and strong jets. Weak jets were found to have little effect on the flow and aerodynamic properties, while strong jets caused significant disruption. The effects increased in magnitude with hole size, incidence and proximity of the upper surface hole to the pressure peak. Spanwise offset on the holes had little effect on the jet strength but introduced asymmetry into the surface flow. This effect was found to be due to the behaviour of the flow within the cavity. Three-dimensional testing was undertaken at a Reynolds number of 1,000,000 on a half wing model in order to investigate any changes in the aerodynamic characteristics of the damage when applied to a more representative aircraft wing. The higher Reynolds number exploited the larger wind tunnel working section and provided a value more representative of typical unmanned aerial vehicles. As the damage was moved towards the tip its effects were lessened and the transition from weak jet to strong jet delayed. Spanwise pressure variation from the tip also introduced asymmetry into the jet s surface flow features. Plotting coefficient increments for all attack directions against the pressure coefficient difference between upper and lower surfaces from an undamaged wing, across the equivalent damage hole region highlighted significant trends, which were used as the basis of a predictive technique for a range of hole sizes and attack directions. The validity of the technique was assessed by predicting a previously untested damage case and comparing it against subsequent wind tunnel tests. The results from this validation proved encouraging.
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Wu, Min. "Adhesion and Surface Energy Profiles of Large-area Atomic Layers of Two-dimensional MoS2 on Rigid Substrates by Facile Methods." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849762/.

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Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) show great potential for the future electronics, optoelectronics and energy applications. But, the studies unveiling their interactions with the host substrates are sparse and limits their practical use for real device applications. We report the facile nano-scratch method to determine the adhesion energy of the wafer scale MoS2 atomic layers attached to the SiO2/Si and sapphire substrates. The practical adhesion energy of monolayer MoS2 on the SiO2/Si substrate is 7.78 J/m2. The practical adhesion energy was found to be an increasing function of the MoS2 thickness. Unlike SiO2/Si substrates, MoS2 films grown on the sapphire possess higher bonding energy, which is attributed to the defect-free growth and less number of grain boundaries, as well as less stress and strain stored at the interface owing to the similarity of Thermal Expansion Coefficient (TEC) between MoS2 films and sapphire substrate. Furthermore, we calculated the surface free energy of 2D MoS2 by the facile contact angle measurements and Neumann model fitting. A surface free energy ~85.3 mJ/m2 in few layers thick MoS2 manifests the hydrophilic nature of 2D MoS2. The high surface energy of MoS2 helps explain the good bonding strength at MoS2/substrate interface. This simple adhesion energy and surface energy measurement methodology could further apply to other TMDs for their widespread use.
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Heseltine, Thomas David. "Face recognition : two-dimensional and three-dimensional techniques." Thesis, University of York, 2005. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9880/.

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Books on the topic "Two dimensional technique"

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Anderson, Leigh. Two-dimensional electrophoresis: Operation of the ISO-DALT system. Washington, D.C: Large Scale Biology Press, 1988.

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Mineck, Raymond E. Comparison of a two-dimensional adaptive-wall technique with analytical wall interference correction techniques. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Program, 1992.

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Mineck, Raymond E. Comparison of a two-dimensional adaptive-wall technique with analytical wall interference correction techniques. Hampton, Va: Langley Research Center, 1992.

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Turnbull, John. A field and interpretation technique for resistivity surveying over two dimensional structures. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1986.

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Two-dimensional electrophoresis, and immunological techniques. New York: Plenum Press, 1987.

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Dunbar, Bonnie S. Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis and Immunological Techniques. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1957-3.

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Dunbar, Bonnie S. Two-dimensional electrophoresis, and immunological techniques. New York: Plenum Press, 1987.

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Lu, Wu-sheng. Two-dimensional digital filters. New York: M. Dekker, 1992.

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Two-dimensional signal and image processing. London: Prentice-Hall International, 1990.

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Two-dimensional signal and image processing. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Two dimensional technique"

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Ovsianikov, Aleksandr, and Boris N. Chichkov. "Three-Dimensional Microfabrication by Two-Photon Polymerization Technique." In Computer-Aided Tissue Engineering, 311–25. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-764-4_19.

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Lam, D. C. L., C. R. Murthy, and R. B. Simpson. "Fully Two-Dimensional Computational Technique for Steady Plume Modeling." In Effluent Transport and Diffusion Models for the Coastal Zone, 78–103. New York Inc.: Springer-Verlag, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118663561.ch5.

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Hu, Hanping, and Yongqiang Chen. "Image Watermarking Technique Based on Two-Dimensional Chaotic Stream Encryption." In Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing – EUC 2005 Workshops, 817–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11596042_84.

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Mehrotra, R., and W. I. Grosky. "Smith: An Efficient Model-Based two Dimensional Shape Matching Technique." In Syntactic and Structural Pattern Recognition, 233–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83462-2_15.

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Ghosh, Deborin, Samadhan Deshmukh, Srijan Chatterjee, Sushil Sakpal, Tapas Haldar, Ambuj Dhakad, Somnath Kashid, and Sayan Bagchi. "Two Dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy: A Structure Sensitive Technique with Ultrafast Time Resolution." In Modern Techniques of Spectroscopy, 39–56. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6084-6_2.

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Yokouchi, Yusaku, and Hiroshi Hosobe. "A Mouse-Like Hands-Free Gesture Technique for Two-Dimensional Pointing." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 558–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21380-4_95.

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Wang, K. W., Z. J. Cai, and Li Jiang Zeng. "A Two-Dimensional Surface Profile Imaging Technique Based on Heterodyne Interferometer." In Key Engineering Materials, 477–82. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-977-6.477.

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Sadeghi, S. H. H., and D. Mirshekar-Syahkal. "Two Dimensional Inversion of Crack Signal in Surface Electromagnetic Field Measurement Technique." In Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 275–82. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1987-4_31.

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Pearson, James D., Daryll B. DeWald, Heidi A. Zurcher-Neely, Robert L. Heinrikson, and Roger A. Poorman. "Sequencing Proteins from Two-Dimensional Gels Using a Liquid Pressure Extraction Technique." In Methods in Protein Sequence Analysis · 1986, 295–302. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-480-1_19.

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Lauriente, M., A. L. Vampola, and K. Gosier. "Experimental Validation of South Atlantic Anomaly Motion Using a Two-Dimensional Cross-Correlation Technique." In Radiation Belts: Models and Standards, 109–17. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm097p0109.

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Conference papers on the topic "Two dimensional technique"

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Chatterjee, Rajeev, and Jyostna Kumar Mandal. "Two dimensional assessment technique for CBL." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Teaching, Assessment, and Learning for Engineering (TALE). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tale.2016.7851767.

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Poletto, Luca, Piergiorgio Nicolosi, and Oliviera Barana. "Resolution improvement technique for two-dimensional detectors." In Lasers and Optics in Manufacturing III, edited by Philippe Refregier and Rolf-Juergen Ahlers. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.281270.

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Ajorloo, Hossein, Hedayat Kialashaki, and Abolfazl Lakdashti. "2D-BERT: Two dimensional burst error recovery technique." In 2007 15th International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/softcom.2007.4446133.

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Yaezawa, J., and H. Arai. "Calibration technique in two-dimensional DOA estimation using two linear arrays." In 2006 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aps.2006.1710740.

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Jeong, H. R., K. T. Kim, H. T. Kim, and S. H. Park. "Two-dimensional autofocus technique for stepped-frequency ISAR imaging." In 2007 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aps.2007.4395787.

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Guo, Rui, Xiaoqian Song, Maokun Li, Fan Yang, Shenheng Xu, and Aria Abubakar. "Imaging of Two Dimensional Scatterers using Descent Learning Technique." In 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apusncursinrsm.2018.8609443.

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Zhang, Lehua, Youjiang Liu, Hongwei Wang, Chilai Chen, Huanqin Wang, Deyi Kong, Xiaotian Zhang, Mario Chavarria, and Juergen Brugger. "Detection of benzene series by two-dimensional FAIMS technique." In 2013 IEEE International Conference on Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom) and IEEE Internet of Things(iThings) and IEEE Cyber, Physical and Social Computing(CPSCom). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/greencom-ithings-cpscom.2013.312.

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Xu, Yong, Jing-yu Yang, Zhen-min Tang, and Chun-xia Zhao. "Two-Dimensional Technique for Image Presentation and its Application." In 2006 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmlc.2006.259088.

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Weizhang and KaiZhang. "Technique of Two-Dimensional Imaging Based on Regularization Method." In 2013 Third International Conference on Instrumentation, Measurement, Computer, Communication and Control (IMCCC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imccc.2013.338.

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Matsushima, Isao, Hidehiko Yashiro, Toshihisa Tomie, Isao Okuda, Yuji Matsumoto, Eisuke Miura, Eiichi Takahashi, and Yoshiro Owadano. "Two-dimensional beam smoothing technique for KrF laser systems." In Laser interaction and related plasma phenomena: 12th international conference. AIP, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.50521.

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Reports on the topic "Two dimensional technique"

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Crisp, J. L. Study of two-dimensional transient cavity fields using the finite-difference time-domain technique. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6959562.

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Berney, Ernest, Andrew Ward, and Naveen Ganesh. First generation automated assessment of airfield damage using LiDAR point clouds. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40042.

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This research developed an automated software technique for identifying type, size, and location of man-made airfield damage including craters, spalls, and camouflets from a digitized three-dimensional point cloud of the airfield surface. Point clouds were initially generated from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensors mounted on elevated lifts to simulate aerial data collection and, later, an actual unmanned aerial system. LiDAR data provided a high-resolution, globally positioned, and dimensionally scaled point cloud exported in a LAS file format that was automatically retrieved and processed using volumetric detection algorithms developed in the MATLAB software environment. Developed MATLAB algorithms used a three-stage filling technique to identify the boundaries of craters first, then spalls, then camouflets, and scaled their sizes based on the greatest pointwise extents. All pavement damages and their locations were saved as shapefiles and uploaded into the GeoExPT processing environment for visualization and quality control. This technique requires no user input between data collection and GeoExPT visualization, allowing for a completely automated software analysis with all filters and data processing hidden from the user.
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Moon, Bill. Employment of Crystallographic Image Processing Techniques to Scanning Probe Microscopy Images of Two-Dimensional Periodic Objects. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.699.

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Semmens, D. Three dimensional gravity modeling techniques with application to the Ennis Geothermal Area: Final report: Part 1. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6962302.

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Henderson, Terry J., and David B. Cullinan. Trace Level Detection of Chemical Weapons Convention Compounds by Two-Dimensional C13-NMR Spectroscopy using a Cryogenic Probehead and H1-Detection Techniques. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada507477.

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Carr, Bob. Using the Dimension Reduction Technique to Prove that Clique Trees Define Facets for the Asymmetric Traveling Salesman Polytope. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada289397.

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Doyle, Jesse D., Nolan R. Hoffman, and M. Kelvin Taylor. Aircraft Arrestor System Panel Joint Improvement. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41342.

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Aircraft Arresting Systems (AAS) for military applications utilize sacrificial panels made of Ultra-High Molecular Weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) that are embedded into the pavement beneath the AAS cable to protect the pavement from cable damage. Problems have been observed with the materials and practices used to seal the UHMWPE panel joints from water and debris. Data obtained from laboratory and field studies were used make improvements to current practice for sealing UHMWPE panel joints. The study evaluated four joint-sealant materials, eight alternative surface treatment and preparation techniques to promote adhesion to UHMWPE, and seven joint-edge geometries. Bond-strength testing of joint-sealant specimens was conducted in the laboratory, followed by field evaluation of construction techniques. Field performance of the joint systems was monitored for 24 months after installation. Additionally, a thermal response model was developed to refine the joint design dimensions. Results confirmed that the best material to use was self-leveling silicone joint sealant. It was recommended that a dovetail groove be cut into the edge of UHMW panels to provide positive mechanical interlock and to reduce adhesive failures of the sealant. It was also recommended that the panel-to-panel joint-sealant reservoir be widened to prevent sealant compression damage.
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Drive modelling and performance estimation of IPM motor using SVPWM and Six-step Control Strategy. SAE International, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2021-01-0775.

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This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of the performance of an interior permanent magnet (IPM) traction motor drive, and analyses the impact of different modulation techniques. The most widely used modulation methods in traction motor drives are Space vector modulation (SVPWM), over-modulation, and six-step modulation have been implemented. A two-dimensional electromagnetic finite element model of the motor is co-simulated with a dynamic model of a field-oriented control (FOC) circuit. For accurate tuning of the current controllers, extended complex vector synchronous frame current regulators are employed. The DC-link voltage utilization, harmonics in the output waveforms, torque ripple, iron losses, and AC copper losses are calculated and compared with sinusoidal excitation. Overall, it is concluded that the selection of modulation technique is related to the operating condition and motor speed, and a smooth transition between different modulation techniques is essential to achieve a better performance.
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