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Journal articles on the topic 'Two dimensional technique'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Thoman, John W., David W. Chandler, David H. Parker, and Maurice H. M. Janssen. "Two-dimensional Imaging of Photofragments." Laser Chemistry 9, no. 1-3 (January 1, 1988): 27–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/lc.9.27.

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The technique of photofragment imaging is described, and several examples of the power of the technique are presented. Two-dimensional images of state-selected photofragments from the photodissociations of CD3I and H2S illustrate how photofragment imaging reveals β parameters, brancing ratios, Doppler profiles and vector correlations. Comparisons are made with Doppler profiling and one-dimensional time-of-flight techniques.

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Emmert, John M., and Dinesh K. Bhatia. "Two-dimensional Placement Using Tabu Search." VLSI Design 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2001/92781.

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Search based placement of modules is an important problem in VLSI design. It is always desired that the search should converge quickly to a high quality solution. This paper presents a tabu search based optimization technique to place modules on a regular two-dimensional array. The goal of the technique is to speed up the placement process. The technique is based on a two-step placement strategy. The first step is targeted toward improving circuit routability and the second step addresses circuit performance. The technique is demonstrated through placement of several benchmark circuits on academic as well as commercial FPGAs. Results are compared to placements generated by commercial CAE tools and published simulated annealing based techniques. The tabu search technique compares favorably to published simulated annealing based techniques, and it demonstrates an average execution time speedup of 20 with no impact on quality of results when compared to commercial tools.

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3

Jenni, R., A. Vieli, Th F. Lüscher, E. Schneider, W. Vetter, and M. Anliker. "Combined Two-Dimensional Ultrasound Doppler Technique." Nephron 44, no. 1 (1986): 2–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000184035.

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4

MacFarlane, D. L., W. Y. Kim, J. S. Nilvi, T. Nuth, and V. Tan. "Novel two-dimensional laser scanning technique." Optics and Lasers in Engineering 17, no. 1 (January 1992): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-8166(92)90022-y.

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5

Zucker, Shay. "TODCOR – Two-Dimensional Correlation." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 7, S282 (July 2011): 371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921311027852.

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AbstractTODCOR is a TwO-Dimensional CORrelation technique to measure radial velocities of the two components of a spectroscopic binary. Assuming the spectra of the two components are known, the technique correlates an observed binary spectrum against a combination of the two spectra with different shifts. TODCOR measures simultaneously the radial velocities of the two stars by finding the maximum correlation. The main use of the technique has been to turn single-lined binaries into double-lined systems. This helps to explore the binary mass-ratio distribution, especially the low-mass regime, where the secondaries are usually very faint and therefore hard to detect. The technique has been generalized to study multi-order spectra, and also triple- and quadruple-lined systems. It has several applications in studying extrasolar planets and in the future may even help to dynamically measure stellar masses of binaries through relativistc effects.

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6

Cignoli, Francesco, Silvana De Iuliis, Vittorio Manta, and Giorgio Zizak. "Two-dimensional two-wavelength emission technique for soot diagnostics." Applied Optics 40, no. 30 (October 20, 2001): 5370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.40.005370.

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Konishi, Tadashi, Syuji Naka, Akihiko Ito, and Kozo Saito. "Transient two-dimensional fuel-concentration measurement technique." Applied Optics 36, no. 33 (November 20, 1997): 8815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.36.008815.

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8

Zhou, Shaomin, Hua-Kuang Liu, and Pochi Yeh. "Dynamic two-dimensional beam-pattern steering technique." Optics Letters 18, no. 11 (June 1, 1993): 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.18.000843.

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9

Zhu, Rui Feng, and Tadao Takaoka. "A technique for two-dimensional pattern matching." Communications of the ACM 32, no. 9 (September 1989): 1110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/66451.66459.

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10

Mohanty, S., S. Banerjee, J. Jose, D. Goyal, A. K. Mohanty, and F. Carminati. "Two dimensional correlated sampling using alias technique." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 368 (June 21, 2012): 012045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/368/1/012045.

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11

Chaur-Heh Hsieh, Chung-Ming Kuo, Yue-Dar Jou, and Ying-Luan Han. "Design of two-dimensional FIR digital filters by a two-dimensional WLS technique." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing 44, no. 5 (May 1997): 348–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/82.580839.

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12

Matsushima, Isao, Hidehiko Yashiro, Toshihisa Tomie, Isao Okuda, Yuji Matsumoto, Eisuke Miura, Eiichi Takahashi, and Yoshiro Owadano. "Two-dimensional beam smoothing technique for KrF laser systems." Laser and Particle Beams 14, no. 1 (March 1996): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600009800.

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Broad-band random-phase (BRP) irradiation is one of the beam smoothing techniques for KrF laser drivers. We have introduced this technique into the KrF laser system ASHURA. By one-dimensional (ID) BRP smoothing, the speckle pattern in conventional random-phase irradiation has been removed. Two BRP beams were overlap-focused on the target incoherently. Although the obtained profile is rather smooth, some low-frequency nonuniformity remains. To improve the uniformity, a new technique for two-dimensional (2D) smoothing has been proposed. In this technique, a wedged etalon is used to get angular dispersion to the orthogonal direction to the ID BRP effect. The preliminary experiment has been carried out.

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13

Mansour, Mohy S. "Two-plane two-dimensional Rayleigh thermometry technique for turbulent combustion." Optics Letters 18, no. 7 (April 1, 1993): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.18.000537.

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14

Stephenson, David. "Two-dimensional Two Contact Double Resonance Spectroscopy." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 55, no. 1-2 (February 1, 2000): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2000-1-215.

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A two-dimensional spectroscopic technique is presented. Application of the technique to de-termine all the relaxation rates for a multi-level quadrupole system is discussed along with ex-perimental requirements. Theoretical and experimental data are analyzed for the 14N, three level, spin 1 system. The analysis shows that all three relaxation rates can be obtained from a single two-dimensional spectrum, and that only 3 peaks in the 3 x 3 two-dimensional intensity matrix are needed to completely specify the problem. The 4-level spin 3/2 system is also examined. In theory, all six relaxation rates can be independently evaluated (for a suitable system) without necessitating measurement at the low frequency Zeeman separated levels.

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15

Bandari, Anashe. "Nondestructive imaging technique characterizes two-dimensional crystallographic orientations." Scilight 2019, no. 32 (August 9, 2019): 320003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5122952.

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16

Ahmad, F. H., R. M. Castellane, and B. P. Durst. "Discrete phase reconstruction technique for two-dimensional interferograms." IEE Proceedings - Optoelectronics 151, no. 1 (February 1, 2004): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-opt:20040215.

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17

Yasuda, Kimihiko, Keisuke Kamiya, and Munenobu Komakine. "Experimental Identification Technique for Nonlinear Two-Dimensional Structures." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 59, no. 562 (1993): 1618–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.59.1618.

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18

Zeller, R. T., B. B. Goldberg, P. J. Stiles, F. F. Fang, and S. L. Wright. "Floating-gate technique applied to two-dimensional systems." Physical Review B 33, no. 2 (January 15, 1986): 1529–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.33.1529.

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19

Gong, L., S. Petersen, L. Frey, and H. Ryssel. "Improved delineation technique for two dimensional dopant profiling." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 96, no. 1-2 (March 1995): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(94)00472-2.

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20

Moretti, Gino. "A technique for integrating two-dimensional Euler equations." Computers & Fluids 15, no. 1 (January 1987): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7930(87)90005-3.

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21

Manouchehri, Kia, and J. B. Wang. "Transmission Spectra of Two-Dimensional Quantum Structures." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 3, no. 2 (April 1, 2006): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2006.3005.

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To study the ballistic transport of charge carriers in nano-structured quantum devices, a highly efficient numerical technique is developed, which provides continuous transmission spectra for arbitrarily complex potential geometries in two dimensions. We apply the proposed method to single and double barrier structures and compare the results with those obtained using standard techniques for computing transmission coefficients. Excellent numerical agreement as well as considerable computational saving is demonstrated.

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22

Schrader, B., G. Baranović, A. Epding, G. G. Hoffmann, P. J. M. Van Kan, S. Keller, P. Hildebrandt, C. Lehner, and J. Sawatzki. "Time-Resolved and Two-Dimensional NIR FT-Raman Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 47, no. 9 (September 1993): 1452–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702934067360.

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The near-infrared Fourier transform (NIR FT) Raman technique permits the measurement of Raman spectra without interference by fluorescence. Absorption by molecules containing X-H bonds in the NIR range requires a 180° scattering geometry. In this way, Raman spectroscopy of samples on surfaces is possible, both the detecting of small spots and the mapping of the sample distribution over larger areas. The spatial resolution extends into the micrometer range. Mapping of the inorganic pigment distribution of an initial letter of a mediaeval manuscript is demonstrated. For time-resolved measurements, the step-scan technique, previously developed for infrared spectroscopy, may be used in NIR FT-Raman spectroscopy as well. It allows the study of photochemical and photophysical processes, the application of modulation techniques, and the investigation of “noisy” samples. Photo-isomerization of the dye merocyanine 540 has been observed with the step-scan technique upon periodic excitation with a flash lamp.

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23

Tatli, Servet, Kelly H. Zou, Mark Fruitman, H. Glenn Reynolds, Thomas Foo, Raymond Kwong, and E. Kent Yucel. "Three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging technique for myocardial-delayed hyperenhancement: A comparison with the two-dimensional technique." Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 20, no. 3 (2004): 378–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmri.20124.

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24

MISHRA, D. C., HIMANI SHARMA, R. K. SHARMA, and NAVEEN KUMAR. "A FIRST CRYPTOSYSTEM FOR SECURITY OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL DATA." Fractals 25, no. 01 (February 2017): 1750011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x17500116.

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In this paper, we present a novel technique for security of two-dimensional data with the help of cryptography and steganography. The presented approach provides multilayered security of two-dimensional data. First layer security was developed by cryptography and second layer by steganography. The advantage of steganography is that the intended secret message does not attract attention to itself as an object of scrutiny. This paper proposes a novel approach for encryption and decryption of information in the form of Word Data (.doc file), PDF document (.pdf file), Text document, Gray-scale images, and RGB images, etc. by using Vigenere Cipher (VC) associated with Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and then hiding the data behind the RGB image (i.e. steganography). Earlier developed techniques provide security of either PDF data, doc data, text data or image data, but not for all types of two-dimensional data and existing techniques used either cryptography or steganography for security. But proposed approach is suitable for all types of data and designed for security of information by cryptography and steganography. The experimental results for Word Data, PDF document, Text document, Gray-scale images and RGB images support the robustness and appropriateness for secure transmission of these data. The security analysis shows that the presented technique is immune from cryptanalytic. This technique further provides security while decryption as a check on behind which RGB color the information is hidden.

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25

OHTSUKI, Shigeo, Motonao TANAKA, and Motoyosi OKUJIMA. "Flow vector mapping technique with two-dimensional Doppler information." JOURNAL OF THE FLOW VISUALIZATION SOCIETY OF JAPAN 9, no. 34 (1989): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3154/jvs1981.9.269.

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26

Steidle, G., J. Schäfer, H. Schlemmer, C. Claussen, and F. Schick. "Two-Dimensional Parallel Acquisition Technique in 3D MR Colonography." RöFo - Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren 176, no. 08 (June 22, 2004): 1100–1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-813277.

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27

Deng, Zilin, Xiaoquan Yang, Hui Gong, and Qingming Luo. "Two-dimensional synthetic-aperture focusing technique in photoacoustic microscopy." Journal of Applied Physics 109, no. 10 (May 15, 2011): 104701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3585828.

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28

Shi, Y. Q., and Xi Min Zhang. "A new two-dimensional interleaving technique using successive packing." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications 49, no. 6 (June 2002): 779–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2002.1010033.

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29

Lee, Ta‐Sung, and Tsui‐Tsai Lin. "Optimum two‐dimensional beamforming employing sum‐and‐difference technique." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 97, no. 5 (May 1995): 2987–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.411862.

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30

Qi, Shutong, Yinpeng Wang, Yongzhong Li, Xuan Wu, Qiang Ren, and Yi Ren. "Two-Dimensional Electromagnetic Solver Based on Deep Learning Technique." IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques 5 (2020): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jmmct.2020.2995811.

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31

Subramanian, G., and P. Ramana Kumar. "INTENSITY INTEGRATION TECHNIQUE FOR CONTOURING TWO-DIMENSIONAL REFLECTIVE SURFACES." Experimental Techniques 30, no. 1 (February 2, 2006): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1567.2006.00012.x.

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32

Shima, Hiromasa. "Two‐dimensional automatic resistivity inversion technique using alpha centers." GEOPHYSICS 55, no. 6 (June 1990): 682–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442880.

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I propose a method that uses alpha centers for two‐dimensional automatic analysis of dc electrical exploration data. Past papers on the alpha centers method have been concerned with relatively simple applications, such as identification of the location of anomalies; but by making a number of improvements on the method, complex two‐dimensional structures can be analyzed. The appropriateness of using negative C parameters in the alpha centers method is demonstrated by considering the resistivity and electric potential distribution expressed by the alpha centers. In this way, the structural expression of alpha centers is improved. Using a network of fixed alpha centers both stabilizes the analysis and makes it possible to employ a large number of alpha centers (more than 100). The combination of these improvements, compensation for topography, and application of a nonlinear least‐squares method, which has good convergence throughout the iteration process, makes automatic analysis possible. Three numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of this method. The first two simulate standard exploration from the ground surface. One is a simple prism model; the other, an inclined fault model. The final experiment simulates measurements between boreholes or adits. These experiments demonstrate that good results can be obtained by the alpha centers method, which has heretofore not been suitable for highly resistive structures or underground structures having sharp boundaries. Furthermore, the experiments show that this method has high resolution. Finally, the fact that one of the experiments shows the alpha centers method to be effective for cross‐borehole data analysis suggests its wide applicability. The applicability of the method is also demonstrated by two field experiments. The first identifies the form and distribution of lava in the ground, and the second investigates the distribution of intrusive rock and alteration zones in a steep, mountainous area.

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33

Renard, C., C. Ricolleau, E. Fort, S. Besson, T. Gacoin, and J. P. Boilot. "Coupled technique to produce two-dimensional superlattices of nanoparticles." Applied Physics Letters 80, no. 2 (January 14, 2002): 300–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1429749.

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34

Otani, Yukitoshi. "Two-dimensional birefringence measurement using the phase shifting technique." Optical Engineering 33, no. 5 (May 1, 1994): 1604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.168435.

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35

Sangsurasak, P., D. A. Mitchell, and M. Hossain. "Transient two dimensional heat conduction by orthogonal collocation technique." International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 20, no. 4 (July 1993): 557–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-1933(93)90067-6.

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36

Mizogawa, Tatsumi, Yohko Awaya, Yasuhito Isozumi, Rintaro Katano, Shin Ito, and Nobuhiro Maeda. "New readout technique for two-dimensional position-sensitive detectors." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 312, no. 3 (February 1992): 547–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(92)90203-g.

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37

Khan, Majid. "A novel solution technique for two dimensional Burger’s equation." Alexandria Engineering Journal 53, no. 2 (June 2014): 485–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2014.01.004.

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38

Lane, Connor, David Rode, and Thomas Rösgen. "Two-dimensional birefringence measurement technique using a polarization camera." Applied Optics 60, no. 27 (September 16, 2021): 8435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.433066.

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39

Chouteau, Michel, and Karl Bouchard. "Two‐dimensional terrain correction in magnetotelluric surveys." GEOPHYSICS 53, no. 6 (June 1988): 854–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442520.

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Field distortions caused by topography hamper the interpretation of magnetotelluric (MT) data. Topographic features that can be simulated by two‐dimensional models seriously affect the H-polarization results. A technique to reduce those effects in MT data uses a finite‐element program to compute correction coefficients. After correction, the resulting data can be interpreted as if they were obtained over a flat surface and depended only on the subsurface structure. The technique is applied to four examples representative of MT survey targets in high‐relief terrain. Results indicate that terrain correction removes the misleading topographic anomalies and improves the quality of subsurface interpretation in regions where the surface relief is two‐dimensional. The correction technique yields some geometrical distortion of the original subsurface structure, but the distortion is usually of small importance. In practice, telluric dipoles of realistic length do not smooth out topographic effects having wavelengths longer than the telluric dipole. A practical procedure derived from the proposed technique allows terrain correction when the relief is approximately two‐dimensional.

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40

McCain, Douglas C., William M. Westler, and John L. Markley. "A two-dimensional technique for chemical-shift resolution in one-dimensional NMR images." Journal of Magnetic Resonance (1969) 93, no. 1 (June 1991): 181–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2364(91)90039-v.

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41

van Dieren, E. B., A. van Lingen, J. C. Roos, and G. J. J. Teule. "Validation of the histogram technique for three-dimensional and two-dimensional dosimetric calculations." International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part A. Applied Radiation and Isotopes 43, no. 10 (October 1992): 1211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0883-2889(92)90197-m.

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42

Versluis, Michel, Greger Juhlin, Öivind Andersson, and Marcus Aldén. "Two-Dimensional Two-Phase Water Detection Using a Tunable Excimer Laser." Applied Spectroscopy 52, no. 3 (March 1998): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702981943798.

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A method for simultaneous two-dimensional visualization of water in both gas and liquid phase is presented. This laser-based diagnostic technique uses a combination of two-photon laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and spontaneous Raman scattering. A tunable KrF excimer laser, operating near 248 nm, was used as an excitation source. The technique was demonstrated on single water droplets and their surrounding gas-phase content. Prior to the visualization experiments, spectroscopic measurements were performed to find optimum filtering conditions.

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43

Wu, Shao-yong, Quan Ling, Long-hui Cao, Jian Wang, Mei-xi Xu, and Wei-an Zeng. "Real-time Two-dimensional Ultrasound Guidance for Central Venous Cannulation." Anesthesiology 118, no. 2 (February 1, 2013): 361–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e31827bd172.

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Abstract Background: Use of ultrasound-guided techniques to facilitate central venous cannulation (CVC) may reduce the risk of misplacement and complications. A meta-analysis was conducted to compare real-time two-dimensional ultrasound (RTUS) guidance technique with anatomical landmark technique for CVC to determine whether RTUS has any advantages. Methods: Randomized studies comparing outcomes in patients undergoing CVC with either RTUS or landmark technique were retrieved from PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, EMBASE, and OVID EBM Reviews from their inception to March 2012. Results: Twenty-six studies involving 4,185 CVC procedures met the inclusion criteria. Compared with landmark technique, patients with RTUS had a pooled relative risk (RR) of 0.18 (95% CI: 0.10–0.32) for cannulation failure, 0.25 (95% CI: 0.15–0.42) for arterial puncture, 0.30 (95% CI: 0.19–0.46) for hematoma, 0.21 (95% CI: 0.06–0.73) for pneumothorax, and 0.10 (95% CI: 0.02–0.54) for hemothorax from random-effects models. However, RTUS did not show a reduction in the risk of cannulation failure (RR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.03–2.55), arterial puncture (RR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.05–2.60), hematoma (RR = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.01–2.42), pneumothorax (RR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.02–9.61), and hemothorax (RR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.02–9.61) in children or infants when the limited data were analyzed. Conclusions: Among adults receiving CVC, RTUS was associated with decreased risks of cannulation failure, arterial puncture, hematoma, and hemothorax. Additional data of randomized studies are necessary to evaluate these outcomes in pediatric patients.

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44

Lang, Nguyen Duc, Tran Gia Lich, and Le Duc. "Two approximation methods of spatial derivatives on unstructured triangular meshes and their application in computing two dimensional flows." Vietnam Journal of Mechanics 28, no. 4 (December 31, 2006): 230–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7136/28/4/5584.

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Two approximation methods (the Green's theorem technique and the directional derivative technique) of spatial derivatives have been proposed for finite differences on unstructured triangular meshes. Both methods have the first order accuracy. A semi-implicit time matching methods beside the third order Adams-Bashforth method are used in integrating the water shallow equations written in both non-conservative and conservative forms. To remove spurious waves, a smooth procedure has been used. The model is tested on rectangular grids triangulari2jed after the 8-neighbours strategy. In the context of the semi-implicit time matching methods, the directional Derivative technique is more accurate than Green's theorem technique. The results from the third order Adams-Bashforth scheme are the most accurate, especially for discontinuous problems. In this case, there is a minor difference between two approximation techniques of spatial derivatives.

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45

Khan, W. A., and D. R. Hayhurst. "Two- and Three-Dimensional Path Optimization for Production Machinery." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 122, no. 1 (April 1, 1999): 244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.538901.

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Path optimization is desirable in many problem instances occurring in discrete manufacturing and pick and place technology. The problem may refer to applications ranging from two-dimensional movements such as in milling processes to three-dimensional movements required in many robotic operations. The optimal path can be found using tour construction techniques, sub tour elimination techniques and tour to tour improvement techniques. The limits to which these solution methodologies can be applied are restricted to a certain number of nodes. The optimal path for two- and three-dimensional TSP is determined using a stochastic search procedure based on a tour improvement technique. An optimal solution is presented for 500 node TSP in two dimensions. A procedure for finding optimal path for an even larger number of nodes is outlined. The optimal path in three dimensions is also presented using nodes distributed along the periphery of three-dimensional primitives. [S1087-1357(00)71601-7]

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46

Yang, Da, Shalin J. Jhaveri, and Christopher K. Ober. "Three-Dimensional Microfabrication by Two-Photon Lithography." MRS Bulletin 30, no. 12 (December 2005): 976–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2005.251.

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AbstractThe controlled formation of submicrometer-scale structures in three dimensions is of increasing interest in many applications. Not intended to produce the smallest structures, but instead aimed at complex topographies, two-photon lithography is an intrinsic 3D lithography technique that enables the fabrication of structures difficult to access by conventional single-photon processes with far greater spatial resolution than other 3D microfabrication techniques. By tightly focusing a femtosecond laser beam into a resin, subsequent photo-induced reactions such as polymerization occur only in the close vicinity of the focal point, allowing the fabrication of a 3D structure by directly writing 3D patterns. The current research effort in two-photon lithography is largely devoted to the design and synthesis of high-efficiency photoinitiators and sensitizers, as well as the development of new materials and systems. This article provides an overview of the progress in two-photon processes for the formation of complex images and the development of patterned structures.

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47

Choi, Won, and Hanjoong Kim. "Development of Two Dimensional Chloride Ion Penetration Model Using Moving Mesh Technique." Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers 57, no. 6 (November 30, 2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5389/ksae.2015.57.6.001.

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Matsuki, Kuniaki, Ryusuke Saito, Shuji Tsukamoto, Mutsumi Kimura, and Ryoichi Ishihara. "Analysis of μ-Czochralski Technique Using Two-Dimensional Crystallization Simulator." Journal of Crystallization Process and Technology 02, no. 01 (2012): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jcpt.2012.21002.

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Xian-Da Zhang. "Two-dimensional harmonic retrieval and its time-domain analysis technique." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 37, no. 4 (July 1991): 1185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/18.86971.

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Herrin, David W., and Andrew F. Seybert. "Energy source superposition technique for solving two‐dimensional acoustic problems." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 105, no. 2 (February 1999): 1223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.425891.

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