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Grant, Thomas D. The Recognition of States. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216005940.
Full textAbstract:
Thomas D. Grant examines the Great Debate over state recognition, tracing its eclipse, and identifying trends in contemporary international law that may explain the lingering persistence of the terms of that debate. Although writers have generally accepted the declaratory view as more accurate than its old rival, the judicial sources often cited to support the declaratory view do not on scrutiny do so as decisively as commonly assumed. Contemporary doctrinal preference requires explanation. Declaratory doctrine, in its apparent diminution of the role state discretion plays in recognition, is in harmony, Grant asserts, with contemporary aspirations for international law. It may seem to many writers, he believes, that international governance functions better in a conceptual framework that reduces the power of states to legislate what entities are states.
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Frost, Samantha. Challenging the Human X Environment Framework. Edited by Teena Gabrielson, Cheryl Hall, John M. Meyer, and David Schlosberg. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199685271.013.36.
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Challenges to the idea of the human raised in posthumanist inquiry present both problems and opportunities for understanding and organizing an environmental politics able to transform environmental degradation and address global climate change. This essay explains how arguments about human embodiment, symbiosis, and human embeddedness in social and material habitats have led to a reconceptualization of the human as well as the environment. Next, the essay elaborates two specific approaches—actor network theory and object-oriented ontology—through which the conceptual diminution or displacement of the human elucidates how activities in our daily lives ramify into environmental degradation and global climate change. It explains how the enormity of these problems makes it difficult to imagine how to redress them politically, leading to political apathy, and it makes some tentative proposals about how to overcome these difficulties.
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Nappo, Dario. Money and Flows of Coinage in the Red Sea Trade. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790662.003.0017.
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This chapter considers the financial scale of Indo-Roman trade via the Red Sea, comparing the large sums mentioned by Pliny with the evidence of customs dues, ostraca from the Red Sea port of Berenike, and hoards of Roman coins found in India. Analysis of the finds of Roman coins in India by value rather than number over time suggests that, contrary to prevailing opinion, there was not a major diminution in the value of the trade after the reign of Tiberius. Although there was apparently some decline in the Flavian period, the face value of coin finds recovers in the second century until the reign of Antoninus Pius. Coins for export to India were specially selected for their higher precious metal content, and older issues with a higher silver content continued to be exported to India long after they had largely ceased to circulate within the Roman Mediterranean.
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Jefferson, Michael. 10. Redundancy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198759157.003.0010.
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Each Concentrate revision guide is packed with essential information, key cases, revision tips, exam Q&As, and more. Concentrates show you what to expect in a law exam, what examiners are looking for, and how to achieve extra marks. This chapter discusses the law on redundancy. Employees are considered redundant if the employer has ceased or intends to cease carrying on the business for the purposes for which the employees were employed, or in the place where they are employed there has been, or will be, a diminution in the need for work of a particular kind. The burden of proof is on the employer to show that any offer of alternative employment was suitable and that any refusal by the employee was unreasonable. The size of a redundancy payment depends upon the employee’s age, length of service, and the amount of a week’s pay.
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Jefferson, Michael. 10. Redundancy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198815167.003.0010.
Full textAbstract:
Each Concentrate revision guide is packed with essential information, key cases, revision tips, exam Q&As, and more. Concentrates show you what to expect in a law exam, what examiners are looking for, and how to achieve extra marks. This chapter discusses the law on redundancy. Employees are considered redundant if the employer has ceased or intends to cease carrying on the business for the purposes for which the employees were employed, or in the place where they are employed there has been, or will be, a diminution in the need for work of a particular kind. The burden of proof is on the employer to show that any offer of alternative employment was suitable and that any refusal by the employee was unreasonable. The size of a redundancy payment depends upon the employee’s age, length of service, and the amount of a week’s pay.
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Oberdiek, John. The Moral Significance of Risking. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199594054.003.0004.
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Chapter 3 explores the moral significance of risking. What is it about imposing risk upon others that matters morally? This is a live and vexing question in large part because the concept of imposing risk owes its place in our conceptual scheme to our epistemic bounds. The chapter argues against the view that risk inherits what moral significance it has from the harm that any risk imposition risks. It argues instead that risk impositions as such bear moral significance because they can have a negative impact on people’s lives and thus constitute harms, though not material harms. For imposing risk can diminish the autonomy of those subject to the risk, and this diminution in autonomy constitutes a setback to wellbeing. It does not follow that imposing risk is therefore wrong. Rather, that imposing risk can diminish autonomy shows why imposing risk is morally significant and therefore calls for moral justification.
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Tweedie, James. Serge Daney, Zapper. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190873875.003.0004.
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This chapter considers Serge Daney’s transition from a film critic schooled in New Wave cinephilia to a television critic fascinated with the possibilities of the small screen and status of cinema as an old medium. Daney challenges foundational film theory and introduces the language of belatedness, aging, and delay into his writing on the “adult art” of film. In the 1980s he chronicled the experience of watching cinema on television and engaged in a process of “archaeology” focused on absent or damaged images rather than the imaginary plenitude of the screen. Daney’s work at the threshold between media provides a key reference point for film studies in the late twentieth century because it questions both the modernist euphoria of theory produced decades before and the enthusiasm surrounding new media. Daney instead constructs a retrospective theory of film that reveals its diminution over time and the persistence of its utopian ambitions.
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Sawada, Osamu. The logic of conventional implicatures. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198714224.003.0003.
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Chapter 3 introduces the logic of conventional implicatures (CIs), which provide a starting point for analyzing the meanings of CI scalar modifiers and considering the relation between at-issue scalar meanings and CI scalar meanings in a more theoretical way. The logic of Cis introduced in this chapter is multidimensional. That is, in addition to a regular semantic type and compositional rules, it introduces the type systems of conventional implicature and various interpretive rules based on the systems, including CI application (Potts 2005), shunting application (McCready 2010), mixed application (McCready 2010; Gutzmann 2011), and expressive application (Gutzmann 2011; McCready 2010; Sawada 2013). These rules will be explained based on various examples such as epithets, honorifics, supplements, and diminutives.
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Murphet, Julian. Affect and spatial dynamics in Flags in the Dust and The Sound and the Fury. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190664244.003.0003.
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This chapter analyzes the critical break in Faulkner’s career, between the relatively conventional and long-winded draft of Flags in the Dust (1927) and the extraordinary literary achievement The Sound and the Fury (1929)—both of which tackle the same basic material. It speculates that one determining factor is the diminution, in absolute terms, of Southern descriptive prose from one book to the next, and argues that Faulkner motivates this eclipse of one of the perdurable romance techniques via an astute attention to the changes wrought to the “distribution of the sensible” by the increase in automobile use in the late 1920s. The “chronotopes” of romance are modified from within by the extent to which automobile and electric streetcar transport overtakes the now anachronistic horse-and-buggy traps and mule-drawn carts of an earlier epoch. Faulkner proved perceptive as regards these modifications, and rendered them in enduring aesthetic terms in his early masterpiece.
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Boutin, Aimée. Introduction. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039218.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter provides an overview of the book's main themes. This book adopts a sensory approach to understanding the city as a sonic space that orchestrates different, often conflicting sound culture. It shows how city noise heightens the significance of selective listening in the modern urban condition and argues for an aural rather than visual conception of modernity. In nineteenth-century Paris, urban renewal did not mark the beginning of a period of diminution of sound, but rather it was a time of increasing awareness of, and emphasis on, noise. By reconsidering the myth of Paris as the city of spectacle, where the flâneur's scopophilia reigns supreme, this book attends to what has been silenced by the visual paradigm that still prevails in nineteenth-century French cultural studies. It explores perceptions of street noise in nineteenth-century Paris by selecting specific sounds from the 1830s to the 1890s—peddling sounds—that were distinctive.
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Dressler, Wolfgang U., and Lavinia Merlini Barbaresi. Pragmatics and Morphology. Edited by Yan Huang. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199697960.013.20.
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Within a theory of morphopragmatics, we give an account of the relationship between morphology and pragmatics starting from two major theoretical premises: first, that pragmatics is not a secondary meaning derived from semantics—on the contrary we assume a priority of pragmatics over semantics—and second, that morphology is capable of a direct interface with pragmatics, not mediated through its semantics. Thus certain morphological patterns may generate autonomous pragmatic meanings, independently of their denotative power. Eligible patterns are primarily evaluative affixes (diminutives, augmentatives, pejoratives), familiarizers, like French -o, and hypocoristics, whose effects extend from the pertinent base word to the entire speech act. Other morphological elements, such as for example the Japanese honorific -masu and the Germanic and Hungarian excessive, limit their pragmatic scope to the word base. Some other morphological patterns are more marginal, for example feminine motional suffixes or pluralis maiestatis.
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Helmut, Tuerk. 15 Landlocked and Geographically Disadvantaged States. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198715481.003.0015.
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The growing realization of the enormous resources and economic potential of the seas along with concerns over the impact of long-distance fishing fleets on coastal fish stocks and the threats posed by pollution from ships to coastal communities and ocean life have caused a major shift towards more national authority over maritime areas, leading to a diminution of the extent of the high seas and an attenuation of its freedoms. This development has directly affected the landlocked States as well as other States in a less favourable geographical position with respect to the seas and their resources. This chapter analyzes how landlocked and geographically disadvantaged States sought to safeguard their rights and interests in connection with the emergence of a new law of the sea; the rights granted to them under the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC); how these rights have been realized in practice; and the role of these States in the further development of the law of the sea.
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Clark, Kate, and Amanda Markwick. The Renaissance Flute. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190913335.001.0001.
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The last four decades have seen a revival of interest in the renaissance transverse flute. The few collections of surviving original flutes from the sixteenth century have increasingly attracted musicologists, instrument makers, and players to examine, measure (and copy), perform, and record on them. Renaissance flute workshops and summer courses attract students and amateur players in several corners of Europe every year. At the same time, renaissance manuscripts and early prints have increasingly become available on the internet, providing an ever-expanding supply of materials for flutists wanting to experience renaissance music for themselves. This handbook for renaissance flute players offers all the information needed to buy, maintain, and learn to play the renaissance flute, whether alone or in consort. It explains how to read and interpret renaissance music whether from original notation or in modern editions, how to make your own transcriptions, and how to write your own diminutions. It also introduces readers to the basics of renaissance music theory, in clear and simple language. At a time when the gap between the professional “classical” music world and its public seems to have grown irrevocably, this book aims to demystify the business of making beautiful music together. It is a key to the elegant, cylindrical flute that was played all over Europe in the age of polyphony and to the gentle art of consort playing.
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Salick, Roydon. The Novels of Samuel Selvon. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400692314.
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The author of such works as A Brighter Sun (1952), The Lonely Londoners (1956), and The Plains of Caroni (1970), West Indian novelist Samuel Selvon is attracting growing amounts of scholarly attention. Nonetheless, criticism of his works has largely been imbalanced, with most scholarship focusing primarily on his language. This book corrects that imbalance by placing Selvon's novels within historical, sociological, and ideological contexts. A new interpretation of Selvon's achievement as a novelist, the volume looks, for the first time, at his works in terms of categories of novels--peasant, middle-class, and immigrant. The book demonstrates that each category is different from the others, and that novels within categories are similar. Thus it provides a coherent vision of Selvon's canon. It illustrates, as well, the development of Selvon's philosophy of West Indians as peasant, bourgeois, and immigrant. In doing so, it explores the significance of ethnicity in his works and discusses Selvon's imaginative apotheosis of the Indo-Trinidadian peasant and the diminution of the Afro-Trinidadian immigrant. The volume also studies Selvon's fictional and rhetorical techniques and argues that his works range from Bildungsroman to picaresque to epic to satire.
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Gianni, Matteo. The Migration-Mobility Nexus: Rethinking Citizenship and Integration as Processes1. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474428231.003.0010.
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In Western societies multiculturalism is increasingly perceived neither as a legitimate nor an efficient way to promote a fair conception of citizenship and an efficient integration of religious and cultural minorities. This has led to a higher political relevance of the notion of integration, defining the perimeter and the modalities of accommodation of minority groups. However, the dominant existing conceptions of integration and citizenship implicitly assume the immobility of immigrants. The chapter aims at thinking about a conception of democratic integration which is suited to tackle issues related to mobility of individuals and groups. It discusses the concept of integration in distinguishing two main conceptions of it, namely integration as adjustment and integration as an inter-subjective process of negotiation and/or reinterpretation of the specific content of common values and of common belonging. On the basis of the moral superiority of integration as process over integration as adaptation, there are not compelling reasons that this should preclude mobile individuals. Immobility is not needed to deliberate about democratic norms of common belonging. But this cannot result in the diminution of rights and resources of individuals who do not have the choice of mobility. Multicultural terms of fair integration are therefore still needed to accommodate societies where minority groups are marked by difference.
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Cohen, Mary Ann, Michael J. Mugavero, and Elise Hall. HIV Psychiatry—A Paradigm for Integrated Care. Edited by Mary Ann Cohen, Jack M. Gorman, Jeffrey M. Jacobson, Paul Volberding, and Scott Letendre. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392742.003.0001.
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Psychiatric factors play a significant role in the transmission and perpetuation of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic. In less than four decades, competent HIV medical care and research transformed acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) from a rapidly fatal illness of unknown cause into a chronic manageable illness. These vast strides made in the care of persons with HIV have not been matched in the prevention of HIV transmission or in the psychiatric care of persons with HIV/AIDS. Although AIDS is an entirely preventable infectious illness, HIV transmission continues throughout the world. HIV transmission of HIV is fueled by the stigma of mental illness and of HIV, as well as discrimination, criminalization, and risky behaviors. A comprehensive biopsychosocial approach to sexual health and mental health and diminution of stigma is essential to both HIV prevention and HIV care. This chapter introduces the concept of HIV/AIDS as “the great magnifier of maladies” as it traces the history of HIV psychiatry, explores the paradoxes and disparities of HIV care, explains how HIV psychiatry is a paradigm for the psychiatric care of the medically ill (psychosomatic medicine), and sets the stage for an understanding of how integrated care can prevent transmission of HIV and decrease morbidity and mortality in persons with HIV.
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Moshenska, Joe. Iconoclasm As Child's Play. Stanford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9780804798501.001.0001.
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This book begins with the observation that, during the English Reformation, holy things taken from churches and monasteries were on occasion not smashed or burned but instead given to children as toys. Iconoclasm has tended to feature prominently in narratives of modernity as a process of disenchantment, sometimes understood as the cultural diminution of playfulness: this book asks how these narratives might have to change once we recognize that iconoclasm and child’s play were periodically one and the same. Each chapter begins with an example of iconoclastic child’s play in practice--from locations in England, Germany, and East Asia, involving objects from broken crucifixes to wooden sculptures. The chapters then move outward from these starting points to ask what iconoclasm as child’s play can tell us about the ways in which children, their play, and objects more broadly are made to assume meanings. In pursuing these questions the book draws consistently on major and minor sixteenth-century figures--Erasmus, Bruegel, Spenser--but also ranges backward and forward to consider biblical, classical, and patristic understandings of play, as well as more recent thinkers including Walter Benjamin, D. W. Winnicott, T. W. Adorno, Alfred Gell, Ian Hacking, and Michael Taussig. These figures are used not so much to theorize iconoclasm as child’s play as to consider how this phenomenon might inflect the ways in which we seek to interpret and to organize children, play, and the past.
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Marušić, Berislav. On the Temporality of Emotions. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851165.001.0001.
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Abstract Many emotions attenuate more rapidly than the significance of the considerations that gives rise to them as we accommodate ourselves to what happens. Grief often diminishes quickly, even though the dead continue to matter to us; anger often evaporates, even though the injustice to which it responds remains undiminished. Nonetheless, such accommodation seems somehow all right: It would be a mistake to be persistently grieving or to be relentlessly angry. But how could it be all right, if the reasons for grief and anger remain significant? However, matters are different with love. Unlike grief and anger, whose diminution is puzzling, what seems puzzling in the case of love is its continuation. In its self-consciousness, love is endless: In loving someone, we foresee no end to our love. Yet we know that love can end: Hearts are broken, lovers betrayed, and people grow apart. Does the self-consciousness of love involve a mistake? Or can we reasonably think of our love as lasting? On the Temporality of Emotions argues that whereas grief and anger reasonably diminish, love can rationally be conceived as endless. The book draws on contemporary theories of the emotions, especially grief and love, as well as on recent accounts of reasons. It puts forward an account of emotional self-consciousness as, at once, embodied and rational. Nonetheless, it maintains that accommodation reveals an irreconcilable moment in our emotional life, a moment that philosophical reflection ought not seek to resolve, lest our emotions are conceived as too neat and philosophy as too comforting.
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Cohen, Mary Ann, Jack M. Gorman, and Scott L. Letendre, eds. Comprehensive Textbook of AIDS Psychiatry. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392742.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Psychiatric factors play a significant role in the ongoing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic. In less than four decades, advances in HIV medical care and research have transformed acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) from a rapidly fatal illness of unknown cause into a chronic, manageable illness. Vast strides have been made in clinical care and pathogenesis research in the fields of HIV prevention and psychiatric care, including pre- (PreP) and and post-exposure (PEP) prophylaxis. Although AIDS is an entirely preventable infectious illness, HIV transmission continues throughout the world. Transmission of HIV continues to be fueled by many factors, including stigma of HIV and mental illness as well as discrimination, criminalization, and risky behaviors. A comprehensive biopsychosocial approach to sexual health and mental health and diminution of stigma are key to both HIV prevention and HIV care. Integration of psychiatric care into HIV prevention and treatment entails use of a biopsychosocial approach that maintains a view of each individual with HIV as a member of a family, community, and society who deserves to be treated with dignity and compassion. This textbook provides an update on HIV medicine and psychiatry; introduces the concept of HIV/AIDS as “the great magnifier of maladies”; explores the paradoxes and disparities of HIV care; explains how HIV psychiatry is a paradigm for the psychiatric care of the medically ill (psychosomatic medicine); and sets the stage for an understanding of how integrated care can prevent transmission of HIV and reduce morbidity and mortality in persons with HIV.
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Jefferson, Philip N., ed. The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of Poverty. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195393781.001.0001.
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Poverty is a pressing and persistent problem. While its extent varies across countries, its presence always represents the diminution of human capacity. Therefore, it seems natural to want to do something about it. Have countries made progress in mitigating poverty? How do we determine who is poor and who is not poor? What intuitions or theories guide the design of anti-poverty policy? Is overall labor market performance the key to keeping the poverty rate low? Or, does it matter how well-connected an individual is to those who know about the availability of jobs? Does being an immigrant increase the odds of being poor? Are there anti-poverty policies that work? For whom do they work? If I'm poor, will I have access to health care and housing? Am I more likely to be obese, polluted upon, incarcerated, un-banked, and without assets if I'm poor? Is poverty too hard a problem for economic analysis? These are some of the questions that a group of scholars have come together to confront in The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of Poverty. The book is written in a style that encourages the reader to think critically about poverty. Theories are presented in a rigorous but not overly technical way; concise and straightforward empirical analyses enlighten key policy issues. The volume covers topics such as poverty in the twenty-first century; labor market factors; poverty policy; poverty dynamics; the dimensions of poverty; and trends and issues in anti-poverty policy. A goal of the book is to stimulate further research on poverty. To that end, several articles challenge conventional thinking about poverty and in some cases present specific proposals for the reform of economic and social policy.