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Tsai, Ming Feng. "An architectural interpretation for bridging two Chinese generations." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ63562.pdf.
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Hamilton, Eleanor. "Situated learning in family business : narratives from two generations." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435883.
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Doman, Todd O. "Electronic Books: An Overview of the First Two Generations." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2001. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-1112101-145654/unrestricted/domant121301.pdf.
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Khoday, Amar. "The Lokamanya and the Sardar : two generations of congress 'communalism'." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ47769.pdf.
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Taqi, Hanan. "Two ethnicities, three generations : phonological variation and change in Kuwait." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/730.
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This study investigates accent variation in the speech of three generations of two Kuwaiti ethnic groups: Najdis (originally from Saudi Arabia) and Ajamis (originally from Iran). The ethnic groups were chosen due to their varying social status: the Najdis have held a prestigious status in Kuwait for historical reasons, while Ajamis have held the least prestigious status on the social scale. The two groups have over the years gradually come into contact with each other, and this study explores the outcome of dialect contact by focusing on a set of phonological variables which traditionally had accent-specific realisations. The phonological variables (ʤ) (typically realised by Najdis as [j] and by Ajamis as [ʤ]), (s) (realised by Najdis as [s] more often than Ajamis, who use [sʕ] in exclusive co-articulatory environments) and (Ɣ) (realised by Najdis as [q] and by Ajamis as [Ɣ]) were investigated. These variables were analysed in relation to the social variables (of ethnicity, age and gender). Social networks and the correlation between identity and dialect levelling were also considered. Data were collected from 48 Kuwaiti speakers representing the two ethnicities, three ages groups (chosen according to relevant milestones in the history of Kuwait), and a balanced number of males and females. A variety of techniques (picture-naming, map task, interview, and questionnaires) were used to collect data. Results show that the Najdi accent is generally more stable across generations than the Ajamis’. The Ajami accent seems to be moving towards the Najdis’. The accent of the old generation of Ajamis resembles the Najdi accent the least, while the young generation of Ajamis use Najdi variants the most. The female Ajamis are the forefront of this change, followed by young Ajami males. (ʤ) and (s) showed change the most across the Ajami generations, with the young speakers actively avoiding the original Ajami realisations due to their social connotations. Language and linguistic differences used to be the largest barrier against welcoming Ajamis to the Kuwaiti community; the reported accent transformation seems to be playing a major role in bringing the two ethnic groups closer to each other.
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Sakdisubha, Kandawadee. "Communication and assimilation patterns of two generations of Thai immigrants /." Full-text version available from OU Domain via ProQuest Digital Dissertations, 1987.
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De, Luca Nicole <1996>. "Offensive Advertising with sexist appeal: an analysis between two generations." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/17515.
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Today’s consumers are constantly bombarded with advertising messages of all types, like tv commercials, newsletters, printed ads, display advertisements and many others, through multiple media channels. Given all the information to which consumers are exposed, it frequently happens that they do not pay much attention to ads, making the job of advertisers much harder. Many advertisements today are designed to “cut through the clutter”, in order to distinguish themselves from the others. Often advertisers do so by using controversial advertising to arouse discussion among consumers and the audience exposed to it. Controversial adverting though has a twofold effect, it can elicit positive reactions, but can also lead to negative ones when it becomes offensive. This thesis aims to investigate the effects of offensive advertising with sexist appeal among women. In particular the analysis concerns the attitudes of women belonging to two different generations to see weather age is a factor which affects how potentially offensive advertisements impact women’s attitudes towards the ads, the brand and if this has an effect on their purchase behaviour.
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Zakarya, Nahro. "Building urban livelihoods two generations in an unauthorized settlement in Damascus /." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2005. http://dare.uva.nl/document/78095.
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Franklin-Brown, G. "Two generations of Black Caribbean women's experiences of the education system." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2013. http://researchopen.lsbu.ac.uk/2089/.
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This study examined the generational differences between the first generation of British born females of Caribbean descent who attended school in the United Kingdom in the 1960s and 1970s and their daughters. Through the exploration of these two generations' experiences of school the research examined the similar trends and gained an understanding of the difficulties that they encountered and cited as barriers to their education. It explored the worries and anxieties of first generation mothers, and the measures they applied to improve the educational experiences of their daughters. It is qualitative research of twenty-six Black Caribbean women in London and Oxford. Access to participants was gained using the snowballing method and semi-structured interviews were used to trace the discussions about the educational experiences across the two generations. Documentary sources such as government reports and other research provided the historical perspective and contextual background to the study. When these historical documents were analysed they showed there was on-going political tension around educational issues. The main contention of the early immigrants of the 1960s was educational inequality which resulted in a disproportionate number of West Indian children in educationally subnormal schools. The study analyses some areas which were of concern to the mothers in respect to their dissatisfaction with their children's schooling. It showed that some first generation mothers felt that they received very little support from their parents in school. Immigrant parents were unaware that they were expected to participate in the education of their children. However, unlike their parents, mothers in this study used their experiences of education and applied various measures in an attempt to support the academic performance of their children. This is in contrast to some of the stereotypes of indifference, disengagement and detachment of Black Caribbean parents. There is constant comparative analysis between the mothers' and daughters' experiences. The results showed that both mothers and daughters were affected by teachers' perception, and low academic expectation. The study also highlights their perception of discrimination, isolation, exclusion and prejudicial practices. It seems that the education system through its operations and practices have maintained a structure that undermines self-confidence and performance of some Caribbean students. It was concluded that when mothers and daughters experiences of school were compared that many similarities existed. There was increased access in the education system that resulted in the availability of opportunities to further and higher education. However many issues still exist that prevents greater equality in the British education system.
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Abraham, Sarah. "Preterm birth has impact on the long term health of two generations." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/5611.
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Whole document restricted until June 2011, see Access Instructions file below for details of how to access the print copy.<br>Research over the last decade has provided clear evidence that children and young adults born very preterm have reduced insulin sensitivity. There is very little data on the metabolic changes, changes in body composition and blood pressure beyond young adulthood in preterm survivors, particularly those born moderately preterm, who constitute the vast majority of preterm survivors. To date the impact of parent’s prematurity on the health of their children has not been assessed. This thesis reports glucose metabolism, body composition and blood pressure profile of a cohort of 52 adults (31 preterm, 21 term at mean GA of 33.3 and 39.8 weeks respectively) aged between 34-38 years and their 61 healthy, pre-pubertal, term born offspring (37 of preterm parents, 24 of term parents) aged 5-10 years. The adult cohort, both preterm and term born, were a subgroup of a much larger cohort involved in two previous studies- the Auckland Steroid Trial and The Steroid Follow-up study. Insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity were assessed using hyperglycaemic clamp in adults and frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test in the offspring. Both the adults and their offspring had their body composition assessed using DXA scan and blood pressure measured using 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure monitor. In the Adult study, compared to those born at term, those born preterm had ~50% reduction in insulin sensitivity, but had appropriate compensatory hyperinsulinaemia. The preterm subjects, especially men, also had increased total and abdominal adiposity. Although the mean blood pressure between the two groups was similar, preterm subjects had greater variability of blood pressure profile. In the Offspring study, the offspring of preterm parents had similar insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion as the offspring of term parents but had increased total and abdominal adiposity. Although the mean blood pressure in both the offspring groups was similar, comparison with an international reference data showed subtle changes in blood pressure in the offspring of preterm parents. This study has confirmed and extended previous observations on preterm survivors. Reduction in insulin sensitivity occurs even in those with moderate prematurity (33 to 37 weeks) and this finding extends the potential group at risk of insulin resistance to up to 7% of the population. Our findings of increased adiposity and blood pressure changes suggest an increased risk of later adult diseases in those born preterm. This is the first study assessing the health of children born to preterm parents. We speculate that the increased adiposity observed in the offspring of preterm parents may reflect transmission of an epigenetically modified phenotype from their preterm parent. In conclusion, preterm birth has effects over at least 2 generations and the public health impact of prematurity may be larger than previously thought.
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Schmitz, Olaf. "Economic growth and business cycles in a two-sector overlapping-generations model." Marburg Tectum-Verl, 2007. http://d-nb.info/98859871X/04.
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Schmitz, Olaf. "Economic growth and business cycles in a two-sector overlapping-generations model /." Marburg : Tectum-Verl, 2008. http://d-nb.info/98859871X/04.
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MacLellan, Kelly N. M. (Kelly Nadine Mary). "The effects of O,P'-dicofol on two generations of American kestrels /." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68216.
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A two generation laboratory study was conducted on a captive population of American kestrels (Falco sparverius) to investigate the possible teratogenic effects of the pesticide Dicofol. Paired females were exposed to three levels of Dicofol. Integrity of the reproductive tract of the resulting embryos were examined. Viable eggs were hatched and these birds were permitted to breed the following year. Breeding performance for these birds was measured based on their ability to form pair bonds and exhibit normal behaviour in the presence of a mate. Clutch completion, fertility, hatchability and number of hatchlings reared to fledging were used as reproductive parameters. Females dosed with 20 ppm Dicofol laid eggs that were significantly (p $<$ 0.05) thinner than eggs of control birds. Male embryos from dosed females were significantly (p $<$ 0.05) different from control chicks. Feminization was confirmed by the presence of primordial germ cells. Second generation adults showed altered reproductive parameters related to their parental dose groups.<br>Rank-order trials were conducted on second generation males based on parental dose levels to determine the aggressiveness of these individuals when placed in a competitive arena. Primary perch sites and food items were obtained by control birds significantly (p $<$ 0.05) more often than exposed males.
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O'Connor, Henrietta Sophie Scarlett. "Women, work and childcare : an intergenerational study of two generations of mothers." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/9129.
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The rapid increase in the rate of female participation in the labour market in the post-war period is a well-documented trend. However, the experiences of mothers balancing paid work and childcare responsibilities have received academic attention only in recent decades. Working class mothers, who have a long history of combining paid work and domestic responsibilities, have been neglected in the literature. There has also been a lack of research examining the impact of intergenerational transmission on the values and practices of mothers within families. This thesis addresses this gap by examining the childcare strategies of two cohorts of working women: grandmothers and mothers. Grandmothers and mothers in fourteen family chains were interviewed and their strategies for combining paid work and domestic responsibilities were examined. It is argued that these strategies have changed across time and the complexity of childcare strategies has declined reflecting changes in government policy. The younger generation have benefited from policy changes aimed at encouraging mothers to return to the labour market. It is also argued that the role of intergenerational transmission is of key importance in understanding mothers' decisions about combining work and childcare responsibilities. Indeed, the behaviour of mothers was influenced by their own mothers' actions, either positively, by 'mimicking' their role or negatively, by avoiding the reproduction of their mothers' behaviour. Whilst intergenerational ties were found to be important, the role of grandmothers as providers of childcare was not as important as argued elsewhere. An important finding of the thesis is that very few grandmothers provided childcare because most continued to be economically active. It is concluded that the changes to policy stemming from the Labour government's National Childcare Strategy have had a positive impact on working mothers' lives but further changes are still necessary to address the childcare needs of all families.
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Kennard, Holly Jane. "Breton morphosyntax in two generations of speakers : evidence from word order and mutation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6ed27592-f318-44ea-9895-3bd9f8dba2c9.
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Following a decline over the twentieth century, Breton has seen an increase in revival efforts, including Breton-medium education. This study investigates the effect of the language transmission gap on the morphosyntax of verbs. Fieldwork was undertaken with three distinct age groups: older native speakers (aged over 65), and two groups which make up a younger generation of speakers: children in Breton-medium education, and young adults who have been schooled in Breton. The question of word order and the placement of verbs in Breton has been controversial, largely because it is complex and variable, making the identification of basic word order difficult. The data show that usage across the older generation is fairly consistent, with V2 word order in matrix clauses. Verbal mutation is also maintained. Despite the transmission gap, younger adults from French-speaking homes do not systematically replace Breton patterns with French SVO. Rather, they avoid SVO in some contexts, and indeed use it less than the senior adults. The amount of input speakers receive is crucial: children in bilingual schooling, with only half of their classes in Breton, tend to oversimplify word order patterns and show French influence. In contrast, those with additional Breton input from a family member are more proficient. Children have difficulty acquiring mutation rules, and do not seem to have grasped the system of verbal mutation, but young adults use mutation proficiently, like the older speakers. Consequently, despite strong French influence, Breton word order has remained consistent. The fact that verbal mutation is variable in children reflects late acquisition, since the young adults rarely diverge from the expected usage. Thus, the changes in Breton morphosyntax are subtler than expected in light of the unusual transmission pattern and close proximity to French. The crucial factor appears to be sustained input in the language.
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Grundwald, Natalia Janina. "Neuroendocrine and behavioural effects of stress during pregnancy across two generations of rats." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25900.
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Prenatal stress (PNS) has been shown to affect a range of different modalities, like stress responsiveness and affective traits in both animals and humans. Previously, Dr Paula Brunton’s lab has used a novel model of ethologically relevant prenatal social stress and had shown increased stress responsiveness in both first generation (F1) PNS males and females and increased anxiety-like trait in males, together with corresponding changes in mRNA expression for corticotrophin releasing hormone (Crh) and its receptors. The first aim on this project was to further explore the phenotype of PNS offspring created using this model in social context. F1 PNS females, but not males, displayed an impairment in social memory in comparison to control females, which was supported by lower vasopressin receptor type 1a (Avpr1a) mRNA expression in the anterior part of lateral septum and bed nucleus of stria terminalis. Acute stress exposure immediately prior to the social memory test, impaired social memory in control males and females, but had no effect in PNS males and markedly improved performance in PNS females. This facilitated learning in the PNS females was supported by the finding of higher Avpr1a mRNA expression in both target regions in the brain. Finally, olfactory memory for social but not non-social odours was also impaired in PNS females, compared to control females, indicating that deficits in social memory in PNS females are specific to social odours and not in the detection and/or processing of all odours. It has been shown previously that phenotypes observed in PNS animals can also be seen following disrupted maternal care in the early post-partum period and that stress can affect maternal behaviour. To investigate this possibility in the current model a maternal behaviour observation protocol was developed. Dams were observed during the first postnatal week, three times/day in 90 min blocks. Stressed dams showed an increase in pup-directed behaviours, together with an increase in arched back nursing specifically, compared to control dams. Furthermore, studies have shown that maternal behaviour patterns can be transferred from mother to daughters, therefore this possibility was also investigated here. There were no differences in maternal behaviour between F1 control and F1 PNS dams. The maternal behaviour experiment for the F1 PNS dams created a unique opportunity to study their offspring (F2). F2 PNS rats had lower body weights than their control counterparts throughout their lifetimes, while not differing significantly in their calorie intake. Increased anxiety-like behaviour was also observed in both the F2 males and females (but only during proestrous and estrous stages of their cycle). These changes were supported in males by increased Crh and Crh receptor type 1 and decreased Crh receptor type 2 mRNA expression in discrete regions of the amygdala. Furthermore, F2 PNS females exhibited exaggerated, and males attenuated ACTH and corticosterone secretion in response to acute stress, compared with controls. The reduced stress response in F2 PNS males was supported by higher glucocorticoid receptor (GR, Nr3c1) mRNA expression in field CA1 of hippocampus. In F2 PNS females, increased stress responses were associated with increased Crh and Avp mRNA expression in the medial parvocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and lower basal Nr3c1 and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR, Nr3c2) mRNA expression in the hippocampus. As increased stress and anxiety-like responses have been linked to a depressive phenotype that possibility was also investigated. No changes were found in either sucrose preference or floating/swimming behaviour in the forced swim test between the F2 PNS and control rats, in either sex. Finally, the variation in individual stress responsiveness and anxiety-like trait and the relationship between these phenotypes was investigated in an outbred male Sprague Dawley population. It was found that three of the most commonly used anxiety tests: open field test, light dark box and elevated plus maze do not correlate as well with each other as could be expected. Secondly plasma corticosterone concentrations 30min after the onset of acute restraint stress were positively correlated with the amount of time the rats spent in the anxiogenic environments, showing perhaps counter-intuitively, that the higher the stress responses the less anxious the male rat is. The behavioural tests were also used as a selection procedure to compare gene expression by microarray in the amygdala of high and low anxious rats and hypothalamus of high and low stress-responsive rats. To summarise, stress during pregnancy has profound effects on the dams’ immediate maternal behaviour, as well as neuroendocrine and behavioural effects in both the F1 and F2 offspring. Furthermore, there is evidence of inter-individual variation in stress responsiveness and anxiety-like behaviour in an outbred rat population. This data could lead to further understanding of the origins of inter-individual variation and appreciation of the effect of stress throughout the life course.
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Griffith, Mary M. "Comparison of two Invisalign tray generations using the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) Index." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1583413744283131.
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So, Stella Hoi Yan. "Ethnic entrepreneurial motivations and learning : the case of Chinese entrepreneurs across two generations." Thesis, Ulster University, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.694654.
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Ethnic entrepreneurship has been researched in a number of studies and several main themes have been developed to explore foreign immigrants' entrepreneurial motives. Some suggest immigrants' choice of self-employment is related to discrimination they receive in their host countries which creates a push factor for these individuals to pursue entrepreneurship. Another contributing factor to ethnic entrepreneurship is 'blocked mobility', which is often caused by constraints such as language barriers and lack of education. On the other hand, a trend has been established that the younger ethnic generation are moving into higher value and higher repaying jobs. There is support indicating the differences in education level between first and second generation ethnic entrepreneurs, in particular the distinction between 'desirability' and 'feasibility' has major influences on entrepreneurial motivations. It has also been raised that research carried out on entrepreneurial learning is far from reaching critical mass and limited research has been dedicated to the topic of Chinese ethnic entrepreneurial learning. Furthermore, some suggest the study of entrepreneurial learning is starting to move away from individual's context and emphasising more on learning from the experiences and contact with others. This exploratory research used a generational comparative approach in semi structured, face to face interviews with ten first generation and ten second generation Chinese entrepreneurs in the island of Ireland. The research study also adopted a 'life story' narrative approach, to gain access to their practices, personality, learning processes and historical background. This research contributed to minority entrepreneurial theory by offering insights from an intergenerational study of Chinese entrepreneurs. Extant literature can be widely found on intergenerational issues within family business firms, yet exploring such issues beyond the family business context is important. Conclusions also highlighted future direction for integrating the first and second generation to preserve the Chinese ethnic culture for the next generation and beyond.
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Slight, Audrey. "Governing the subject of voluntary work : a study of two generations of volunteer workers." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323062.
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GIllbo, Maja, and Linda Ahlkvist. "Skeuomorphic vs flat design : A comparison of preferences of design techniques between two generations." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Datateknik och informatik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-43198.
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Purpose: The purpose of the study was to compare two visually opposite design techniques: skeuomorphic design, recognizable for its realistic presentation, and flat design, an abstract design option that has gained popularity in the last years. The two designs were compared using two generations of Internet users to find out what the preferences were for each generation. A knowledge gap was found in which design that would be the most beneficial to use for each generation. Methodology: To fulfill the purpose of the study, two methods were used; a literature study and an empirical study. The empirical study included experiments, interviews and questionnaires. The participants were contacted personally or via social media. All participants were in the age of 20-30 or 65+. Findings: Based on the collected literature and empirical evidence, it was concluded that the older generation of users might tend to prefer the skeuomorphic, realistic design online. Bright colors and a pedagogical style creates a good visual for elderly eyes and inexpert of using internet. The younger generation might tend to prefer the flat and abstract way of design online. A modern appeal with less clutter compared to the skeuomorphic style is considered beneficial. This opens up for further investigation. Implications: The empirical study included 20 people, who all participated in the experiment, interviews and answered questionnaires. The study groups consisted of 10 persons at the age span 20-30 years and 10 persons at the age span of 65+ years. Limitations: The study was only focused on two specific age groups with a small population found through convenient sampling. This means that in the future, the research could be conducted in a broader matter including more age groups and a larger population with a more specific sampling. The study's extent was affected by the time period in which it was executed. A longer period of time could have contributed to a more extensive study, perhaps with additional age groups and more participants in each group.
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Beukes, Johannes Daniel. "Language shift within two generations : Afrikaans mother tongue parents raising English mother tongue children." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97150.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The community of Paarl, in the Western Cape, is traditionally Afrikaans-speaking. This research investigated whether a language shift has occurred in some middle-class communities in Paarl. Certain Coloured neighbourhoods were identified. The emphasis was also on whether Afrikaans-speaking parents chose to raise their children in English. It was found that a language shift, predominantly towards English, has indeed occurred where Afrikaans first language (L1) parents were raising their children in English. This finding differs from earlier studies by Anthonissen and George (2003) and by Fortuin (2009), in which only two or three families were studied, whereas this study engaged with 50 households. This study focused mainly on the parents and their views about their decisions.
Not only was the occurrence of a language shift confirmed, but the complexity of the matter was also highlighted. An attempt to preserve Afrikaans as heritage language was also noted.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die gemeenskap van Paarl, in die Wes-Kaap, is tradisioneel Afrikaanssprekend. Hierdie navorsing ondersoek of daar ’n taalverskuiwing in die middelklasgemeenskap in Paarl plaasgevind het. Die klem is ook laat val op die vraag of dit Afrikaanssprekende ouers is wat kies om hulle kinders in Engels groot te maak. Die bevinding was dat ’n taalverskuiwing wel plaasgevind het waar ouers met Afrikaans as moedertaal verkies om hulle kinders in Engels groot te maak. Die verskuiwing is derhalwe hoofsaaklik na Engels. Hierdie bevindings verskil van vroeëre studies deur Anthonissen en George (2003), asook Fortuin (2009), wat twee of drie spesifieke families ondersoek het; daarteenoor het hierdie studie 50 huisgesinne betrek. Die studie fokus hoofsaaklik op die ouers en hulle siening oor die rede vir hulle besluit.
Die studie het nie net bevestig dat ’n taalverskuiwing plaasgevind het nie, die kompleksiteit van die kwessie is ook uitgelig. Daar is ook waargeneem dat ’n poging aangewend word om Afrikaans as moedertaal te behou.
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Onyeibe, Anthonia Dumebi. "Globalization and discursive constructions of identity in two generations : the Igbo people of Nigeria." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2017. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/23943/.
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The aim of this thesis was to investigate identity as a process (Eckert, 2000), examining how identity is influenced by a range of factors in our environment and is constructed discursively during spontaneous interactions. The study focused on the Igbo tribe in Nigeria, and addressed issues of generational and cultural complexity, language and identity shift and death, and new visions of national identity. The focus was on (a) language attitudes observed, in particular the language attitudes of elders and youths towards the use of proverbs and the transfer of this identity-related language practice from one generation to another, and (b) language use through the exploration of instances of discursive constructions of identity as identified in the data. The study, which is inspired by ethnomethodology and is rooted in interactional sociolinguistics, aimed to identify the effect of globalization on identity construction, especially in relation to the issue of generational transition of discursive patterns, including the use of proverbs, and the change in patterns of expression by the younger generation. The study also examined the role of local context in relation to the expression of identity and how the context of an interaction influences identity by exploring identity theories and narratives. It illustrated stylization (Blommert, 2001; De Fina, 2006; Georgakopoulou, 2007; Weber & Horner, 2012) and contextualization cues were employed by speakers to construct different Communities of Practice (CofP) within the wider local community and express their attitudes and identities in a changing environment. This was achieved by comparing the use of proverbs within each CofP via interviews with youths and elders (12 participants), and the observation of three CofPs (62 participants). The research was conducted over a period of two months and while the interview duration varied, the duration for observation of each CofP was 30 mins. The project also adopted where relevant a narrative framework and CofP framework, which focused on the importance of practice. These frameworks were essential in order to understand the use of social practice, discursive patterns, interactions and the concept of ‘process’ in the analysis of identity. The research questions were: (1) Can traditions (and in particular the use of proverbs) that index the identity of Ute-Okpu people, survive with globalization? (2) Do younger speakers provide new variations on proverbs as a way of re-appropriating this inherited and culturally significant practice? (3) How do speakers of different ages feel about these acts of re-appropriation of cultural traditions? Findings showed that the production of proverbs among Ika youths has declined as a result of their inability to speak the native language fluently. However, the research established that exploring new variations in the production of proverbs among Ika youths (Igbo tribe) indicated that the production of proverbs was transformed to cater for the younger speakers’ new social reality, a reality that combines a deep-rooted respect for inherited cultural structures and values, but also one that embraced a more accessible international context. This study deepens understanding of Igbo proverbs and furthers research on language contact, globalization and language variation in the field of sociolinguistics. The recommendation arising from the research emphasizes an immediate focus on language variations and re-appropriations of proverbs by the youths in a world affected by globalization. It is further suggested that future research could focus on children’s use of proverbs in interaction and consider the extent to which they adhere to the traditional ways of producing proverbs or start re-appropriating these proverbs at a young age.
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Allen, Erin Michelle. "A Tale of Two Generations: Re-Establishing Young Adult Literature in the Contemporary Classroom." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1216.
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This thesis explores the history and current condition of contemporary young adult literature. It looks at why the genre has been marginalized, especially in relation to education and scholarly critique. Chapter one places Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter alongside the contemporary fiction of Hilary Jordan, When She Woke. The discussion of Jordan's work points out the importance of the contemporary work and how it can be used to enhance learning and appreciation for it's canonical predecessor. Chapter two looks at the ghost story as written for the younger range of young adult literature, the crossover novel, and adult literature. Lisa McMann's Cryer's Cross explores how death and ghosts affect those left behind after a trauma and is targeted to a young adult audience. Laura Kasischke's novel The Raising addresses ghostly existences when a college student is supposedly killed by her boyfriend. This book bridges the gap between young adult literature and adult literature. The Lovely Bones by Alice Sebold looks at death and loss from the vantage point of the dead and it's subtlety puts it in the group of adult literature. All three novels help their targeted audiences in differing ways and allows for self-exploration of beliefs and values.
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Reid, Catherine. "Time to preserve, a study of two generations of food preservers in rural Wellington County." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0005/MQ43208.pdf.
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Wu, Shu-yun. "Motherhood : negotiating paid work and childcare : a comparative study between two different generations in Taiwan." Thesis, University of Bath, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439218.
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Li, Leah Min. "Influences on growth : a study of two generations based on the 1958 British birth cohort." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407439.
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SA, PATRICIA TEIXEIRA DE. "THE PROFESSIONAL SOCIALIZATION OF HISTORY TEACHERS FROM TWO GENERATIONS: THE YEARS OF 1970 AND 2000." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2006. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=9176@1.
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FUNDAÇÃO DE APOIO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>O estudo aborda a socialização profissional de professores
no
contexto da profissão docente na história recente do
Brasil. Trata-se de
um estudo comparativo entre os processos de socialização
profissional de
professores de História de dois períodos: a década de 1970
e os anos
2000. Foram focalizadas, de modo especial, duas dimensões
básicas da
socialização profissional de professores: a formação
inicial ou pré-serviço
e o componente exercício ou experiência profissional,
sobretudo em seus
anos iniciais. Foram entrevistados professores de História
que
vivenciaram a formação e o início da vida profissional nos
anos de 1970 e
de 2000. O estudo propõe conhecer o que professores de
História de
duas épocas distintas têm a dizer sobre seus processos de
socialização
profissional, analisando como cada geração se relacionou
com as
condições sociais de seu tempo e identificando aspectos
relevantes e
influentes na socialização profissional dos atores
pesquisados.<br>This study is about the professional socialization of
teachers in the
context of their work in the recent history of Brazil. It
is a comparative
study between the processes of professional socialization
of History
teachers from two different periods: the decades of 1970
and 2000. Two
special dimensions of the professional socialization were
focused on: the
initial studies and the professional experience and the
practice, above
specially in its first years. History teachers who had
their studies and their
first years of teaching in the years of 1970 and 2000 were
interviewed.
The aim is to know what History teachers of two distinct
periods have to
say about their professional socialization, in relation to
the social
conditions of their historical time.
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Xu, Lin 1964 May 1. "Resources and capabilities in high-tech enterpreneurship : a study of two generations of Chinese startups." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8433.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2002.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 292-301).<br>By examining the origin and growth dynamics of two generations of high-tech startups in China's information technology sectors, this study presents empirical research on how Chinese technology startup companies, despite their lack of many of the basic elements that are usually necessary for a successful enterprise, survived and thrived in a competitive environment. The first-generation firms appeared in the mid- and late 1980s, competing in computer-related areas such as Chinese-language processing software and hardware products, personal computers, and financial software products. The second-generation startups, namely Internet-related companies, emerged in the mid-1990s. The thesis presents case studies, which form the primary evidence for analysis, on major domestic players Legend, Founder, Great Wall, Sohu, Sina, and Netease. A framework was built based on a theoretical distinction between external resources and organizational capabilities. Case studies show that external resources are important, but richer resources do not always guarantee a startup's success if they fail to help build organizational capabilities. External resources might even become a hurdle in sustaining a competitive edge. The case studies indicate that organizational capabilities that were built during a startup's development, rather than just richer or "better" external resources alone, make significant contributions to success. Another observation is that in many cases resource constraints trigger startups to search for needed capabilities. Together with external resources and strategic alliances, trial-and-error learning is an effective vehicle to carry out capability-building processes. The unintentional nature of capability building is also discussed.<br>by Lin Xu.<br>Ph.D.
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Guidi, Andreas. "Youth and generations between two empires. Changing sociabilities from Ottoman to Italian rule in Rhodes." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH081.
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Au début du XXème siècle, l'espace urbain de Rhodes est marqué par la coexistence de sujets Orthodoxes, Musulmans, Juifs et Catholiques. En 1912, l’Italie occupe ce centre d’une province ottomane. Après le Traité de Lausanne de 1923, l’occupation militaire italienne devient une administration civile et Rhodes devient ainsi un protectorat de l’état fasciste. L’historiographie a traité cet objet d’étude soit en se concentrant sur une seule des communautés confessionnelles, soit sur les structures gouvernementales, et elle montre une tendance à voir les dernières années d’administration Ottomane et l’administration italienne comme deux objets d’analyse séparés. Cette thèse offre une approche plus inclusive à travers la combinaison de sources de type, langue, et origine différente. Situé au carrefour entre histoire sociale et culturelle, le récit est centré sur les trajectoires de vie d’individus appartenant aux différentes confessions et sur leur rapport avec les institutions pendant le passage de la domination ottomane à la domination italienne. À part les changements de pratiques de gouvernance au sein des institutions, il est possible d’observer à cette époque des diverses innovations relatives à l’espace et aux formes de socialisation. Cette thèse interroge cette double échelle de transformation à travers une perspective inspirée par les études en sciences sociales autour de la notion de génération et jeunesse. L’étude porte sur les pratiques de démarcation et circulation de ressources entre les différentes générations d’une famille. De plus, la recherche inclut les configurations qui s’étendent au-delà des limites de la famille mais qui sont influencées par les rapport entre générations, comme l’école, les associations, les partis. Dans le contexte étudié, les institutions locales essaient de réguler la divergence produite par le fait que, dans la plupart des familles, les enfant sont socialisés différemment par rapport à leur parents. Cela aboutit à une communalisation et à une étatisation des ressources, deux tendances qui persistent avec des modalités et des motifs différents, de la période ottomane à l’italienne. Le but de ce processus est de domestiquer des formes de sociabilité et il se penche sur l’évocation de la « jeunesse » comme objet de cette domestication. Ainsi, le terme « jeunesse » sert à prescrire des normes de conduite et à légitimer l’intervention institutionnelle dans la régulation de la gestion des ressources<br>In the early twentieth century, the urban setting of Rhodes was characterized by the coexistence ofOrthodox, Muslims, Jews and Catholics. In 1912, this Ottoman provincial center was occupied by Italy.After the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923, the Italian military occupation changed to a civil administration,and Rhodes became a protectorate of the Fascist state. The historiography has dealt with this settingeither by focusing on one confessional community, or on governmental structures, tending to see the lateOttoman and the Italian administration as two mutually exclusive objects of analysis. This dissertationoffers a more inclusive approach through the combination of sources of different origin, type, andlanguage. Situated at the crossroad of social and cultural history, the narrative is centered on lifetrajectories of individuals belonging to all confessions and their encounter with institutions from Ottomanto Italian rule. Next to changes in institutions and practices of governance, several innovations related tospaces and forms of socialization are observable in this period. This dissertation investigates such doublelevel of change through a perspective inspired by studies in social sciences about generations and youth.In other words, the study focuses on practices of demarcation and circulation of resources between thegenerations of a family. Additionally, figurations expanding outside the boundaries of a family – schools,associations, parties, etc. – but reflecting such generational interplay are taken into account. Since formost families children socialized differently from their parents, local institutions were concerned aboutregulating this divergence. The corresponding communalization and statalization of resources are trendspersisting, with different modalities and motives, from the Ottoman to the Italian period. This processaimed at domesticating forms of sociability, and it relied on evoking “youth” as the object of thisdomestication. Thus, the term “youth” served the purpose of prescribing norms of behavior andlegitimizing institutional intervention in regulating the management of resources
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Karp, Larry, and Armon Rezai. "The Political Economy of Environmental Policy with Overlapping Generations." Wiley, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/iere.12068.
Full textAbstract:
A two-sector OLG model illuminates the intergenerational effects of a tax that protects an environmental stock. A traded asset capitalizes the economic returns to future tax-induced environmental improvements, benefiting the current asset owners, the old generation.
Absent a transfer, the tax harms the young generation by decreasing their real wage. Future generations benefit from the tax-induced improvement in environmental stock. The principal intergenerational conflict arising from the tax is between generations alive at the time society imposes the policy, not between generations alive at different
times. A Pareto-improving tax can be implemented under various political economy settings. (authors' abstract)
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Wang, Paul C. "A study on cross-cultural conflict patterns and intervention between two generations of leaders in two Chinese churches in Vancouver toward a vibrant intergenerational partnership in ministry /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.
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Foster, Janet. "Culture and community : attitudes in two generations to crime and law enforcement in south-east London." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327102.
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O'Callaghan, Andrew James. "The impact of educational and industrial policy developments on working class school leavers across two generations." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29070.
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The research project attempts to advance evaluations that look toward the major impacts educational and industrial developments within Britain over recent decades have had on working class school leavers’. The thesis aims to contribute uniquely to these fields of study by concentrating the qualitative research that underpins the project within a distinctive geographical area within south west Birmingham, an area where the employment sphere was dominated for many decades by a large car manufacturer until its closure. The research focuses on the very unique experiences of school leavers in the area across two generations that it is suggested were subject to the influences of differing educational and industrial policies. Underpinning the exploration of people from this part of Birmingham’s experiences of school and post school transition is the thesis’ contribution to the new wave of class analysis that has emerged within academia within recent years. In particular the study adheres in part to contemporary evaluations of class as being individualised and subject to variations according to cultural and social as well as economic influences through a person’s life course. However, the thesis also suggests the use of a theoretical model of class that incorporates fluid, often changing, but sometime shared class experiences. Included within this exploration is a critique of the ideological construction of working class educational and occupational underachievement as being due to individualised social and cultural deficiency. Instead the thesis suggests the interrelationship of the growth of the educational market within the UK alongside rapid deindustrialisation has influenced distinctive and at times shared working class experiences.
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Reed, DeMetris Deon Jr. "Perceptions of Modern Meat-Animal Production from Consumers Two to Three Generations Removed from the Farm." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29522.
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A consumer is defined as a person who purchases goods and services for personal use or a person or thing that eats or uses something (Merriam-Webster, 2019). Consumers either want or need to eat meat, whether it is for self-gratification or nutritive purposes. The modern consumer definition of “meat” has changed from the original hunter stalking prey to now contemporary livestock production practices that confine and feed sophisticated diets in an effort to achieve outstanding muscle-food quality. Those who produce and supply consumers with food and fiber must achieve a higher level of education in keeping with technological advances. Further, there is a change in the demographics of modern farmers/ranchers, with more women entering the field (Lucier, 2019). Younger generations are technologically savvy and seek “finger-tip” evaluation access of the meat they are considering for purchase. These consumers demand instant access to industry trends in order to keep current with the next meat branding idea (ex. Guaranteed Tender and Flavorful Beef). Consumers are no longer waiting for the producer and product to come to them, they are seeking out local and reliable agricultural products suppliers in their hometown. This “buy local” idea is pushing a food trend in restaurants and food service to provide menu options consisting of locally grown and prepared items (Mealey, 2019). Innovative development of technology that provides instant access to information regarding the places that offer these food products as well as information regarding the product quality is giving consumers purchasing power. The following research will examine the aspects of consumer perception of meat production relative to modern consumers that are two to three generations removed for the farm.<br>North Dakota Beef Commission
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Gholkar, Radha V. "Substance abuse in two generations of Indian-Americans as a function of marginalization and perceived discrimination." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7312.
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Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.<br>Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Psychology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Feng, Fang Fang Zoe. "Language attitudes towards Guanzhong dialect, Putonghua and English between two different generations of Xi'an local residents." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3953746.
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Turkyilmaz, Suheyla. "The Experiences Of Two Generations Of Women In Poverty: A Case Study In Candarli, Altindag In Ankara." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605273/index.pdf.
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This study attempts to focus on a narrower scope specifically is aimed to search for the possible explanations for women&rsquo<br>s and their daughters&rsquo<br>poverty experiences by arguing that within the household, women and their daughters are more vulnerable to poverty than men because of the dominant ideologies.
I have already implemented a field study in one of Ankara&rsquo<br>s squatter area which is called Hidirliktepe located in district of Altindag with 30 women and their eldest daughters living in the same household. One of the qualitative interviewing techniques, in-depth interviewing, has been applied to the respondents and two different questionnaire frames used for mothers and the daughters.
There are some important conclusions of the thesis. One of them is that poverty is experienced by women and their daughters different than the other members of the household. Another is that these experiences are also transferred to their daughters within the household. However, daughters are in a better condition than their mothers which might constitute a hope for their salvation from poverty because due to the changes in their social environments, their expectations also
change. Moreover, survival strategies developed by women against poverty designate the level of poverty which is being experienced by women in the long term.
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Edwards-Hawthorne, Ceri Jane. "Aristotle's daughters : a biographical study of six women's experiences of physics from three families across two generations." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2018. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/422164/.
Full textAbstract:
Since the First World War, there has been a concern about the dwindling number of physicists and engineers in the United Kingdom and the resultant negative implications for the economy. A’ level physics courses attract fewer students than biology or chemistry courses do. Since the Second World War, it has been noted that the recruitment of women into physics has been particularly poor. Whilst women have entered many occupations previously considered to be in the male domain such as medicine or law, very few are entering physics-oriented professions. Numerous initiatives from both the government and other interested institutions appear to have failed in this regard; despite these organisations’ investment, boys consistently outnumber girls on A’ level physics courses by approximately four to one. This scarcity of female A’ level students results in less women having the necessary qualifications to study physics and engineering at a higher level. Those women who do attain higher qualifications in physics are far more likely than their male colleagues to leave physics-oriented professions, are less likely to attain senior positions in physics or engineering, and are more likely to move from physics research positions to physics support occupations such as administration or teaching (Dainty et al., 2010). This narrative study has explored how six women, belonging to two generations of three different families, developed a ‘physics literacy’ and ‘identified’ with physics. It has considered how the women’s experiences of physics have changed across the two generations studied. This research was conducted within a radical orthodox paradigm applied to a sociological context. Five of the participants took part in a semi-structured interview. These interviews were then transcribed, interpreted, and analysed using a hermeneutical-phenomenological approach. The women’s stories were then presented using a Bronfenbrennerian ‘Ecology of Human Development' (Bronfenbrenner, 2006) style framework, which was achieved by placing each of their stories in a micro, meso, exo, macro, and chronosystem. Using this framework enabled the study of interactions between the different influences on the participants’ lives. What this study has revealed, contrary to the findings of many other statistical studies, is that the physics literacy of women is increasing as is their ability to identify with physics. However, there remain many cultural boundaries that continue to discourage women from pursuing a career in physics. Although it could be argued that the United Kingdom is a physics-based culture in that it assumes that the laws of physics underpin its existence, the study of physics is seen as a mysterious remote activity carried out by an elite minority of wealthy, white men. It recommends an approach to physics that will make it more exciting and accessible to a wider range of students, that physics be made less mysterious, and that families, especially those with young children, be encouraged to engage in physics-oriented leisure activities, in similar ways to which families currently engage in literature, music, and sports, to raise the overall physics identity and physics literacy of the population.
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Kurosawa, Kiichi. "Heavy Squarks and Sleptons in the First-two Generations and the Flavor Problem in the Supersymmetric Standard Model." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/150819.
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Walter, Cheryl Michelle. "Physical activity in the lives of two generations of black professional women in the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/664.
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The association between physical inactivity, adverse health and hypokinetic diseases has been widely researched. There is an increased risk of being overweight, and of developing certain chronic diseases and suffering premature death associated with physical inactivity (Young, Miller, Wilder, Yanek & Becker, 1998). Recent surveys and studies have revealed that the majority of the South African population has moved extensively along the epidemiological transition towards a disease profile related to Western lifestyle, where deaths due to chronic diseases of lifestyle is a great cause for concern (Steyn, 2006). Black women, in particular, have been identified as a high risk group with the highest levels of inactivity and the highest levels of overweight and obesity in the country (SADHS, 1998; WHO, 2005). Although there is a growing body of knowledge and research on physical activity in general, there is still a lack of data on the determinants and barriers to participation in physical activity (Lambert & Kolbe-Alexander, 2006). Cultural patterns and economic, political and ideological orders affect the participation of women in sport (Hargreaves, 1994:5). Black women in South Africa have been disadvantaged by the past government’s policy of apartheid, and have also been marginalized and oppressed in their own patriarchal societies. The first democratically elected government in 1994, however, committed itself to gender equality and women’s emancipation, with constitutional guarantees on equality and an affirmative action policy to address gender inequalities. In order to evaluate the extent of the beneficial impact of these political changes in women’s lives, this study proposed to investigate physical activity patterns in the lives of two generations of black professional women (teachers, nurses, social workers and public managers) from the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality. The objectives that guided the research were: • To describe and compare the physical activity patterns and health status of two generations of black women through questionnaires, physical activity records and mechanical devices. • To explore and describe the psychosocial context and socio-cultural influences on physical activity in the lives of the participants. xi • To explore and describe the participants’ perceptions and attitudes, motivations and constraints relating to physical activity. • To use the research findings to compile guidelines to promote physical activity participation among black women. A mixed method approach using both quantitative and qualitative methods was selected to achieve an holistic understanding of physical activity in the lives of black South African women. The older generation (OG) of professional women was comprised of community teachers, nurses, social workers and public managers (n=111, aged 35 to 45 years, mean age = 39.87 years). These women, through their occupations, were in constant contact with the community and could be regarded as role models who influence community lifestyle, attitudes and behaviour. The younger generation (YG) (n=69, aged 18 to 21 years, mean age = 20.12 years) was comprised of teaching, nursing, social work and public management students in the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality. The objective of the quantitative section of the study was to provide baseline information on the physical activity patterns and health status of these two generations of black professional women. Physical activity and health questionnaires were administered and the ActiGraph GT1 accelerometer was used to provide an objective measure of energy expenditure. The objective of the qualitative data collection was to explore and describe the psychosocial context and socio-cultural influences on physical activity in the lives of the participants, and to investigate their attitudes to and perceptions of physical activity, and their motivations and constraints related to it. In-depth qualitative interviews were held with the participants who wore the ActiGraph, and a group of 47 were interviewed (sample size determined by data saturation from the interviews). An explorative-descriptive research design was used in the study. The sampling method was purposive and criterion-based. The younger generation of students were mostly selected from the various campuses of the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, while additional student nurses were recruited from the Lilitha Nursing College in the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality. The older generation of professionals were recruited from schools and clinics in the areas of New Brighton, Kwa-Zakhele, Zwide, Motherwell and Kwa-Nobuhle (all historically black areas), the Eastern Cape Department of Social Development, non-government organizations and the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality. xii The quantitative data were analysed by means of descriptive and inferential statistics. The qualitative data was analysed according to the steps described in Creswell (2003). The results of the quantitative data indicated that prevalence of overweight and obesity among both the YG and OG was high. The mean BMI for the YG and OG were 24.71 kg/m2 and 31.27 kg/m2, respectively, with 41% of the YG and 86% of the OG falling into the overweight/obesity category. BMI was significantly greater (p<.05) for the OG than for the YG. In addition, both the OG and YG had satisfactory scores for the health-related behaviour measures (the Belloc and Breslow Lifestyle Index and the HPLP). All the physical activity measurements (the FIT Index of Kasari, the GPAQ and the ActiGraph data) confirmed that both the YG and OG were not sufficiently physically active. They did not meet the Centre of Disease Control (CDC) and American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recommendation of engaging in at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity on most, or preferably all, days of the week. The YG were significantly more active than the OG in all the physical activity measuring instruments. They were still, however, not reaching the health enhancing physical activity (HEPA) level (≥7 days of any combination of moderate and vigorous activity, ≥ 3000 METmins/week). Pearson Product Moment correlations were calculated to determine the relationship among the various measurements of physical activity o the one hand and the relationship between the measurements of physical activity and the health-related behaviour measurements on the other hand. The correlational analyses highlighted a good cross-validation of the various measures of physical activity. There was a significant correlation between the measures of leisure time physical activity, that is the FIT Index, and the leisure domain of the GPAQ. There was also a significant relationship in the area of walking or steps taken, that is the ActiGraph steps and the GPAQ transport domain. There was also a significant relationship between the overall measures of physical activity, that is the GPAQ total score, and the ActiGraph calories. The correlations between the various physical activity and health related behaviour measures revealed that only the leisure related physical activity measurements, that is, the FIT index and the GPAQ leisure domain, had a significant correlation with the two health related behaviour measures, namely the Belloc and Breslow Lifestyle Index and the HPLP, respectively. xiii The results from the qualitative data revealed that both the OG and YG had positive attitudes towards physical activity participation (displayed by their awareness of the many benefits, their expressed intention to start exercising, the encouragement given to their children in relation to physical activity participation), even though the majority of them were not active on a regular basis. Participants recognized the educational, recreational and developmental importance of being physically active, a shift in attitude from their own upbringing and lifestyles. Regardless of how firmly people may believe that physical activity is beneficial to their health, there are many barriers, whether real or perceived, that represent significant potential obstructions to the adoption, maintenance, or resumption of participation in physical activity (Booth et al., 1997). Three sub-themes were identified in relation to the barriers to physical activity participation, namely personal factors, environmental factors and socio-cultural factors. The personal factors included time constraints, stress and tiredness, lack of motivation, negative school experiences, negative associations with exercise and financial constraints. The environmental factors included residential areas, availability of recreation and sports facilities, and safety. The socio-cultural factors were lack of social support, exercise “not being a part of African culture”, traditional roles of males and females, dress code, exercise associated with the young, exercise associated with undesirable weight loss and negative comments by the community. On the basis of research findings, guidelines were drawn up for the promotion of physical activity participation among black women.
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Kay, Lesley. "Engaging with the 'modern birth story' in pregnancy : a hermeneutic phenomenological study of women's experiences across two generations." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2016. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/15479/.
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This in-depth qualitative study considered how women from two different generations came to understand birth in the context of their own experience but also in the milieu of other women’s stories. For the purposes of this thesis the birth story (described as the ‘modern birth story’) encompassed personal oral stories as well as media and other representations of contemporary childbirth, all of which had the potential to elicit emotional responses and generate meaning in the interlocutor. The research utilised a hermeneutic phenomenological approach underpinned by the philosophies of Heidegger and Gadamer. This methodology allowed the significance of the experience of engaging with stories to be grasped, and in-depth insights into the meanings and lived experience for women of the phenomenon to be made. Twenty participants were purposively selected, recruited and interviewed. In phase one ten women who were expecting their first baby in 2013 were recruited in order to explore how they understood birth prior to the event and in the light of other women’s stories. Birth stories were revealed as one of many ‘voices’ offering ‘advice’ to women about birth. The women also talked about classes they had attended, books they had read, websites and online forums they had accessed, as well as television programmes and films they had watched. The conversations with the first cohort of women led to further questions about whether the information gleaned from media and virtual birth story mediums creates meaningful knowledge about birth for women. The second phase evolved from this thinking. In phase two interviews with an older cohort of women (who were pregnant in the 1970s –1980s) were undertaken to determine whether women from a different era were more able to translate knowledge into meaning. This was based on the belief that, for this 4 generation of women, stories were mediated by personal contact and not though virtual technologies as in the previous generation of women. Phenomenological conversations with the participants took place in the iterative circle of reading, writing and thinking. This revealed the experience of ‘being-in-the-world’ of birth for the two generations of women and the way of communicating within that world. From a Heideggerian perspective, the birth story was constructed through ‘idle talk’ (the taken for granted assumptions of how things are which come into being through language) and took place across a variety of media accessed by women, as well as through face to face conversations. Five central and interrelated interpretive findings emerged. Firstly the stories the women engaged with, had a significant role to play in their understanding and expectations of birth. The ‘norm’ as portrayed in the stories circulating in 2013, for instance, was one which perpetuated what one participant described as the ‘drama of birth’. Secondly, the modern ‘landscape’ of birth (populated with many media representations) created and perpetuated fear of childbirth for many of the women. The stories shared were lacking in detail about women’s lives, and did not necessarily help them to become ‘knowers’ and gain wisdom about birthing. Thirdly, the women birthing in the present day were overloaded with information amassed in an attempt to manage their anxieties about birth as well as to fit the role of the informed patient, and demonstrate their competency as mothers. Fourthly the cultural and spiritual significance of birth was not shared in the circulating stories in either generation. Finally, some of the birthing women felt secure in the ‘system’ of birth as constructed, portrayed and sustained in the stories widely circulated. The data revealed that the lifeworld of birth being sustained in stories (for both generations) was one of product and process, concentrating on the stages and 5 progression of labour and the birth of a healthy baby as the only significant outcome. Taken as a whole this thesis revealed that the information gleaned from birth stories did not in fact create meaningful knowledge and understanding about birth for these women. The study is unique in that no other published research has explicitly identified the premise of the ‘modern birth story’ or the notion of ‘idle talk’ in relation to childbirth. Further no other study has considered the phenomenon of engaging with these types of stories whilst pregnant. This study reveals how engaging with the ‘modern birth story’ and the ‘idle talk’ of birth may influence women’s expectations and consequent experience of birth.
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Hess, Yizhar. "A comparison of the religious outlook and practices of two generations of Masorti Jews in Israel : a Bourdieusian analysis." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/72417/.
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This study provides a small-scale comparative analysis of the religious outlook and practice of two generational groups of Masorti Jews in Israel. Conducted from an insider perspective, it aims to provide insights into changes of religious outlook and practices between the two generations. The first-generation participants comprised immigrants from North America whereas the second-generation participants were born and raised in Israel. Its results are mat to inform and support the future development of Masorti Judaism in Israel while also making an original contribution to sociological knowledge about the lived experiences of religiously motivated migrations from a generational perspective. The research adopts a pragmatic, predominantly qualitative approach, utilizing the Bourdieusian concepts of habitus, doxa, field, and capital to better understand how religious outlook and practices were sustained and transmitted across generations. The use of the Bourdieusian theory has provided a framework for structuring and conceptualizing day-to-day behaviors, actions and statements, as presented in the interviews, and for developing an analysis of the different fields which each generational group encountered, the ways that different forms of capital were valued and transformed, and how this affected interviewees' habitus. Data were gathered from interviews with nine members of the first generation and eight members of the second generation. The data relating to second generation participants were ultimately supplemented by a short questionnaire completed by thirty additional members of the same generation. The Bourdieusian analysis has provided a holistic approach that illuminated important differences in religious outlook and practices between the generational groups. The first generation group had generally tried to maintain the religious outlook and practice with which they came to Israel. They also created new congregations and institutions to sustain and perpetuate them. The second-generation participants displayed a reduced commitment to Jewish law and religious-communal structures. Both generational groups shared a strong commitment to Jewish activism as a feature of their Jewish outlook, although this outlook was carried out in different ways.
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Siarheyeva, Alena. "Income externalities in discounting in two-sector overlapping generations models : a dynamic analysis in autarky and under free trade." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX24007/document.
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Cette thèse propose de formuler le taux d’escompte comme fonction du revenu individuel et classifie cette spécification comme les externalités de revenu dans le taux d’escompte. La justification de cette relation est trouvée dans la théorie de la hiérarchie des besoins humains par Abraham Maslow (Maslow (1943)) : plus le revenu d’un individu, interprété comme le pouvoir économique à consommer, est élevé, plus l’individu a tendance à penser à des besoins supérieurs, associés à une plus grande patience. Ensuite, la présente étude s’intéresse aux implications des externalités pour deux phénomènes macro-économiques : les fluctuations endogènes, et la convergence/polarisation des revenus par tête entre les pays. Les résultats obtenus indiquent que les externalités de revenu dans le taux d'escompte constituent un mécanisme qui génère des fluctuations endogènes dans une économie fermée. L’extension de ce modèle à une configuration 2x2x2 dynamique permet de conclure qu’en fonction des technologies et des préférences des consommateurs, l'intégration commerciale d'une économie volatile avec une économie stable peut avoir un effet stabilisant ou, au contraire, peut engendrer des fluctuations macro-économiques dans toute la région. Enfin, cette thèse démontre que la libéralisation des échanges commerciaux peut avoir, comme effet de long terme, soit la convergence soit la divergence des revenus par habitant. Pour un certain nombre de paramètres, les externalités génèrent la divergence. Ce résultat est compatible avec les observations empiriques et met en évidence l’importance des interventions politiques pour bénéficier de la libéralisation commerciale<br>This dissertation proposes a new formulation of time discounting: discount factor as a function of individual income, referred to as income externalities in discounting. The rationale for this relationship is found in the theory of hierarchy of human needs by Abraham Maslow (Maslow (1943)): the greater is income, interpreted as economic power of individuals to consume, the higher layers of needs, associated with greater patience, individuals seek to satisfy. Then, the thesis entails an examination of the linkage between the externalities and two macroeconomic phenomena: endogenous fluctuations and convergence/polarization of per capita incomes across countries. It is established that income externalities in discounting could be a vehicle for endogenous fluctuations in an autarkic economy. In the extension of the autarkic model to a dynamic 2x2x2 framework, it is found that trade integration of a volatile economy with a stable one can make fluctuations to evanesce or, on the contrary, propel them to the whole region depending on technologies and consumer preferences. Last, it is shown that trade liberalization can result in convergence or divergence of long run per capita income. For some range of parameters, externalities produce divergence. The result is consistent with empirical observations and emphasizes the importance of policy interventions for reaping benefits from free trade
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Puri, Deepika. "Gift of a daughter, change and continuity in marriage patterns among two generations of North Indians in Toronto and Delhi." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0004/NQ41279.pdf.
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Kettle, Jennifer Emily. "Growing up to do 'women's work' : exploring two generations of mothers' relational narratives of household work over the life course." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12536/.
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This thesis explores the ways in which women make sense of their experiences of household work over the life course and in the context of various relationships, with a particular focus on mother/daughter relationships. Using in-depth interviews with 24 heterosexual women (comprising 12 pairs of mothers and their adult daughters, who themselves were mothers of young children), this research investigates the role household work plays in women’s personal narratives and the construction of relational narrated selves and narrative identities. By moving away from a ‘snapshot’ approach to housework that focuses on the division of tasks within heterosexual couples, this thesis positions household work as part of our personal lives (Smart, 2007), and something that is made sense of relationally, despite dominant discourses of individualism. Similarly, conceiving of people within personal timescapes in which multiple dimensions of time intersect allows for an understanding of household work as part of our personal lives over the life course, as well as inter-generational relationships and broader historical change. Considering multiple social dimensions of gender, heterosexuality and family, allows for an understanding of how accounting for one’s household practices in relation to various discourses can be understood as doing gender, heterosexuality and family. The construction of relational narrated selves in process show how growing up as a woman is shaped particularly by discourses of emphasised femininity (in the context of normative heterosexuality) and good motherhood, and constructing narrative identities in relation to these discourses involves demonstrating acceptable femininity and maternal responsibility, which works to (re)produce gender, heterosexuality and family. By focusing on the themes of relationality, temporality and the interplay between gender, heterosexuality and family across multiple social dimensions, this thesis uses household work as a lens to draw out useful theoretical links between these key themes.
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Ndalichako, Venance L. [Verfasser], and Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Leschke. "Two Generations of Tanzania Financial Sector Reforms from 1991 : From Washington Consensus to Institutional Economics / Venance L. Ndalichako. Betreuer: Martin Leschke." Bayreuth : Universität Bayreuth, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1108404014/34.
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Gatzanis, S. R. M. "The Newcastle Thousand Family Study : the influence social and environmental factors from two earlier generations have on the development and functioning of a subsequent third generation of school-aged children." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233429.
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Dow, Samantha. "Measuring 20th century fluvial response to 18-19th century anthropogenic activity using two generations of damming in the South River, western Massachusetts." Thesis, Boston College, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107924.
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Thesis advisor: Noah P. Snyder<br>Centuries-long intensive land use change in the northeastern U.S. provides the opportunity to study the response timescale of geomorphic processes to anthropogenic perturbations. In this region, deforestation and the construction of dams following European settlement drastically altered the landscape, leading to the impoundment of sediment in mill ponds. This legacy sediment continues to be released into transport decades after a dam has been removed or breached. Geochemical tracers can help distinguish sediment sources and understand how sediment moves through a watershed. The South River in western MA is located in a formerly glaciated watershed, and these surficial deposits compose 98% of the area. It experienced two generations of damming, beginning with smaller mill dams in the 18th-19th centuries, followed by the construction of the Conway Electric Dam (CED), a 17 m tall hydroelectric dam in the early 20th century. Legacy sediment deposits from sediment stored behind mill dams cover 1.5% of the watershed area. The CED is located near the outlet of the river, providing a century-long depositional record for the watershed, during reforestation. I hypothesize that sediment mobilized from human activity will contain a different geochemical signature than glacial material, that recent erosion in the watershed is primarily from anthropogenic legacy deposits rather than from glacial age landforms, and channel widening is occurring in reaches of the channel composed of legacy sediment, rather than in glacially confined reaches. These hypotheses were tested through a two part investigation, consisting of a sediment tracing study using Hg, and a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analysis of channel changes using aerial photographs from 1940 and 2014. Samples were collected from river bank exposures of 11 glacial deposits and four mill pond legacy sites. Two vibracores measuring 476 and 500 cm were collected in reservoir sediment stored behind the CED in 2013 and 2017, respectively. Hg concentrations range from 1-4 ppb in glacial sediment, 3-380 ppb in legacy sediment, and 2-18 ppb and 7-50 ppb in the two CED cores. I used Hg as a tracer to estimate percent contributions to the CED reservoir from each watershed source during the 20th century. Results from a sediment mixing model suggest glacial sources contributed 32 ± 15%, and legacy sediment deposits contributed 68 ± 15% during the 20th century. Based on 137Cs dates on the cores, high amounts of legacy sediment filled in behind the CED prior to 1953 (74 ± 35 %), and background erosion from glacial deposits dominated from 1953 until the reservoir was filled in the 1980s (63 ± 14%). GIS analyses using aerial photographs from 1940 and 2014 indicate that the channel did not significantly widen along any section of the river, however, increases in sinuosity (up to 12%) occurred in the legacy sediment dominated reaches of the channel, and minor increases (1-2%) occurred in the glacial reaches. Overall, these analyses show an increase in the amount of sediment released in the channel as a result of mill dams breaching through the mid-19th to early 20th centuries, and suggest a short recovery timescale response from this land-use change<br>Thesis (MS) — Boston College, 2018<br>Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences<br>Discipline: Earth and Environmental Sciences
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Dobbs, Carol Johnson 1963. "Variation of adaptation of selected commercial hybrid grain sorghums (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and their two successive segregating generations to variable environments." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278483.
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Crop performance depends on genotype, the environment in which the crop is grown, and interaction between genotype and environment. A measure of these effects is important in determining adaptation and in recommending crop genotypes to growers. In instances where hybrid seed has been introduced into developing countries, which often traditionally save seed for the next planting, determining the adaptation of genotypes and making accurate recomendations may be difficult. This experiment evaluated 15 commercial hybrid grain sorghums (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), along with their segregating F₂ and F₃ generations, for adaptation to variable moisture environments. Grain yield per entry in all tests was the main phenotypic character used to measure adaptation in environments differing in mean moisture stress. Grain yield was also the main characteristic used to observe changes through generations F₁ to F₃.There was an expected decrease in yield with decreased irrigation, and with advanced generations. A close association was observed between mean 3-year grain yield of the selected hybrids and their F₂ and F₃ progenies when grown in the same environment.
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Choithramani, Hitesh R. "Significance of the Initial Mechanical Stability for the Fracture Fixation System – A Biomechanical Analysis of Two Generations of Dynamic Compression (DCP) Bone Plate Systems." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1155133077.
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