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Pearce, Lynne, and Lynne Pearce. "Two generations." Nursing Standard 15, no. 22 (2001): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.15.22.14.s34.
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Berg, Elaine. "Two Generations." Management and Organization Review 10, no. 1 (2014): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/more.12053.
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LOWENSTEIN, ARIELA, and RUTH KATZ. "Living arrangements, family solidarity and life satisfaction of two generations of immigrants in Israel." Ageing and Society 25, no. 5 (2005): 749–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x04002892.
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This paper reports a study of the relationships between shared and separate living arrangements and the life satisfaction of two generations of migrants from the former Soviet Union to Israel, adult children (the younger generation) and their elderly parents. An attempt was made to identify the social, familial and personal factors that affect life satisfaction, and special attention was devoted to inter-generational family solidarity and to informal and formal social support. Data were collected from a stratified random sample of 425 respondents – 248 in the older generation and 177 in the younger. The results show that for both generations, contrary to expectations, life satisfaction was higher when the two generations lived in separate rather than shared households. Affectual solidarity was positively associated with life satisfaction for both generations, but functional solidarity for the older generation only. Among the older generation, the subjective evaluation of health contributed most to the explained variance; while among the younger, standard of living and employment contributed most. For both generations, family solidarity and social support had little impact. The findings are discussed in relation to the structural and economic factors that influence co-residence and which differentially affect the two generations.
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Stevanin, Simone, Ari Voutilainen, Valentina Bressan, Katri Vehviläinen-Julkunen, Valentina Rosolen, and Tarja Kvist. "Nurses’ Generational Differences Related to Workplace and Leadership in Two European Countries." Western Journal of Nursing Research 42, no. 1 (2019): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193945919838604.
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A cross-sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample ( N = 3,093) of Finnish and Italian registered nurses to identify differences related to generation, country, gender, and educational level in their perceptions and opinions about workplace-related dimensions of nursing and their managers’ leadership practices. The Multidimensional Nursing Generations Questionnaire (MNGQ) and two subscales of the Transformational Leadership Scale (TLS), “Feedback and Rewards” and “Professional Development,” were used as survey tools. Data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Statistically significant ( p < .05) generational and country differences emerged in the MNGQ components “Conflicts between generations,” “Patient safety view,” “Relationships between generations,” “Working as a multigenerational team,” “Orientation to change,” “Intention to leave,” and “Flexibility and availability.” Generational and country differences also emerged for the two TLS subscales. Generational differences existed between registered nurses of different generations and countries, and should be considered in leading multigenerational nurses’ workforces.
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Anagnostou, Georgios. "Beyond two generations." EPJ Web of Conferences 126 (2016): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201612604001.
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Wu, Ming-Yi. "Fostering Resilience: Understanding Generational Differences in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Social Media Use." Journal of Communication Technology 5, no. 2 (2022): 25–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.51548/joctec-2022-007.
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By analyzing survey data collected from 2,002 participants in 5 generational cohorts in the United States, this study examines generational differences in information and communication technology (ICT) and social media use behaviors. The intersection between digital divide theory and generational cohort theory provides the theoretical foundation for this study. There are two major findings. First, there are significant differences in ICT use among 5 different generations (Generation Z, Generation Y, Generation X, Boomers, Silent Generation). In terms of ICT access and use, the silent generation is left behind other generations. Thus, the grey divide still exists. Second, different generations have different preferences for social media platforms. For example, more Generation Z participants use Snapchat, Twitter, and Instagram. This study brings additional insights into generational differences/divide in ICT and social media use. Practical suggestions are provided to narrow the generational divide and to foster communicative resilience among different generations amid the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Lyons, Sean T., Linda Duxbury, and Christopher Higgins. "An Empirical Assessment of Generational Differences in Basic Human Values." Psychological Reports 101, no. 2 (2007): 339–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.101.2.339-352.
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This study assessed generational differences in human values as measured by the Schwartz Value Survey. It was proposed that the two most recent generations, Millennials and Generation Xers, would value Sell-enhancement and Openness to Change more than the two older generations, Baby Boomers and Matures, while the two older generations would value Self-transcendence and Conservation more. The hypotheses were tested with a combined sample of Canadian knowledge workers and undergraduate business students ( N = 1,194). Two hypotheses were largely supported, although an unexpectedly large difference was observed between Millennials and Generation Xers with respect to Openness to Change and Self-enhancement. The findings suggest that generation is a useful variable in examining differences in social values.
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Diar Rizki Fitriani and Irni Rahmayani Johan. "THE EFFECT OF FINANCIAL LITERACY AND EWOM TOWARDS PURCHASING DECISION COSMETIC PRODUCT ACROSS TWO GENERATION." Journal of Child, Family, and Consumer Studies 2, no. 3 (2023): 246–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jcfcs.2.3.246-259.
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The ease of information related to a cosmetic product through electronic word of mouth and financial literacy owned by millennial and Z generations can trigger purchasing decisions. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of financial literacy and electronic word of mouth on purchasing decisions in millennial and Z generations. The study used an explanatory research study design and voluntary sampling technique with a total of 122 millennial and Z generation respondents in Indonesia. Based on the results of the research, both generations have financial knowledge and financial attitudes in the low category, and the millennial generation's financial behavior are in the high category and generation Z is in the medium category. The electronic word of mouth variable is in the low category and generation Z's purchasing decisions are in the medium to high category and the millennial generation are in the medium category. Regression test shows that the education, financial literacy have a significant negative effect on purchasing decisions, while electronic word of mouth has a significant positive effect on purchasing decisions. The government and related stakeholders need to provide education related to financial literacy and sort out the right information about a product.
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El- Seidy, El-Sayed, Abdel-Aziz Abdel-Hafez, Emad El Deen Rashwan, Ashraf Darwesh, and Aml Abdel-Hafez. "Pedigree selection in two Egyptian cotton crosses for some traits." EUREKA: Life Sciences, no. 1 (February 23, 2023): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5695.2023.002781.
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One cycle of direct Pedigree selection was performed with selection intensity 5 % to improve productivity with accepTable fiber quality of the two Egyptian cotton ( G. barbadense L.) cross combinations. Comparing mean performance of F2 with those of F3 generation revealed increased mean values for all traits with advanced generations from F2 to F3, indicating accumulation of increasing alleles. The phenotypic variance for all traits was highly significant through F2 and F3 generations. Heritability estimates in broad sense improved considerably for all traits from F2 to advanced F3 generations. The genotypic correlation between three earliness characters was highly significant negative with most yield traits in F2 pop. I. While genotypic correlation between the previous earliness traits with yield traits in F3 generation was positively non-significant except for lint percentage that was highly significant positive. Genotypic correlation was highly significant positive among most yield and yield component traits in both generations, which helps pedigree selection to achieve high fast genetic advance. The data of the genotypic correlation among studied characters in F2 and F3 generations in population II showed highly significant negative genotypic correlation between earliness traits in F2 generation, changed to highly significant positive in F3 generation after applying pedigree selection. The genotypic correlation between most yield characters and fiber properties showed highly significant positive correlation in population II in both generations. The superior ten families in F3 generation in both populations ranked on high yield, yield components and fiber quality showed higher means than that of F2, F3, better parent and check in most yield characters
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El-, Seidy El-Sayed, Abdel-Aziz Abdel-Hafez, Emad El Deen Rashwan, Ashraf Darwesh, and Aml Abdel-Hafez. "Pedigree selection in two Egyptian cotton crosses for some traits." EUREKA: Life Sciences, no. 1 (February 23, 2023): 3–16. https://doi.org/10.21303/2504-5695.2023.002781.
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One cycle of direct Pedigree selection was performed with selection intensity 5 % to improve productivity with accepTable fiber quality of the two Egyptian cotton ( G. barbadense L.) cross combinations. Comparing mean performance of F2 with those of F3 generation revealed increased mean values for all traits with advanced generations from F2 to F3, indicating accumulation of increasing alleles. The phenotypic variance for all traits was highly significant through F2 and F3 generations. Heritability estimates in broad sense improved considerably for all traits from F2 to advanced F3 generations. The genotypic correlation between three earliness characters was highly significant negative with most yield traits in F2 pop. I. While genotypic correlation between the previous earliness traits with yield traits in F3 generation was positively non-significant except for lint percentage that was highly significant positive. Genotypic correlation was highly significant positive among most yield and yield component traits in both generations, which helps pedigree selection to achieve high fast genetic advance. The data of the genotypic correlation among studied characters in F2 and F3 generations in population II showed highly significant negative genotypic correlation between earliness traits in F2 generation, changed to highly significant positive in F3 generation after applying pedigree selection. The genotypic correlation between most yield characters and fiber properties showed highly significant positive correlation in population II in both generations. The superior ten families in F3 generation in both populations ranked on high yield, yield components and fiber quality showed higher means than that of F2, F3, better parent and check in most yield characters
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Delgado-Gaitan, Concha. "Parenting in Two Generations of Mexican American Families." International Journal of Behavioral Development 16, no. 3 (1993): 409–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502549301600303.
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Parenting in Mexican American families is a complex activity, given the heterogeneity of adaptation among the generations of Mexicans. Through ethnographic research methodology and a case study approach, I show that childrearing is affected by generational status and participation in a grass roots community group, organised around educational issues. Collectivism characterises the childrearing of the immigrant generation. It is maintained as a conscious value by the first generation parents, although socialisation practices and child behaviour actually shift in an individualistic direction, particularly in the area of critical thinking. Nonetheless, in both cohorts, the observable practices in the home between the parent and child indicate a strong orientation toward respect and family ties. At the same time, the Spanish language is lost rapidly in the first generation families, due largely to English-only laws that affected that generation. For the immigrant group, on the other hand, bilingualism is more acceptable as a result of the changing political climate. Both groups of families have experienced isolation from the schools because they have been excluded from full participation in the educational system. However, as the immigrant cohort of parents organised and became involved in a support group, cultural knowledge about dealing with schools was learned as a sense of community was built.
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Syaifa Tania. "Perbedaan Generasional dalam Memaknai Praktik Periklanan Digital oleh Influencer di Media Sosial." LONTAR: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi 10, no. 1 (2022): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.30656/lontar.v10i1.4247.
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The Y and Z generation is currently the two generations who lives side by side and considered possess higher characteristics compared to the older generations. In terms of technology, although both are considered as digital natives, but they shared different socio-technological context. The Y generation experienced technological adaptation process of the transition of analogue to digital technology. Hence, the Z generation do not share the same experiences. In terms of marketing communication, this condition affects their way of responding digital advertising practice, especially done by the influencer. This research is aimed to explore generational gap between two generations in interpreting the practice of digital advertising shared by social media influencer by using case study method. The result shows existing differences related to the type of the preferred media and their construction of ideal figures of the social media influencers. It shows that the considered similar characteristics between two generations does not entirely correct. The difference lies in their perspective of influencer realness in terms of their personality and persuasive information. Understanding the difference perspectives between two generations leads to the consideration of the future mutigenerational marketing communication approach.
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Vanderven, Karen. "From Two Years to Two Generations:." Child & Youth Services 13, no. 2 (1990): 331–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j024v13n02_12.
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Culotta, Elizabeth, and Ann Gibbons. "Two Generations of Struggle." Science 258, no. 5085 (1992): 1176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.258.5085.1176.
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Campbell, Beatrix, and Bridget Smith. "Two generations: A dialogue." Women: A Cultural Review 1, no. 1 (1990): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09574049008578010.
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Goldscheider, Frances, Sandra Hofferth, Carrie Spearin, and Sally Curtin. "Fatherhood Across Two Generations." Journal of Family Issues 30, no. 5 (2009): 586–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x08331118.
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This article examines the determinants of men's early parental roles, distinguishing factors that affect being a father versus being childless, and factors that affect being a resident versus a nonresident father, in the context of having a partner or not. We also consider whether these patterns have changed between 1985 and 2004. The data come from the linked Child-Mother and Young Adult Samples of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79), which provide information on the children of the NLSY79 from birth until they enter young adulthood, and from the original youth sample of parallel ages. The results support previous research showing the importance of economic and educational disadvantages and nontraditional family structure on being a nonresident father. The effects of family structure appear to have attenuated between generations as determinants of men's early parental roles.
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Egerová, Dana, Lenka Komárková, and Jiří Kutlák. "GENERATION Y AND GENERATION Z EMPLOYMENT EXPECTATIONS: A GENERATIONAL COHORT COMPARATIVE STUDY FROM TWO COUNTRIES." E+M Ekonomie a Management 24, no. 3 (2021): 93–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.15240/tul/001/2021-03-006.
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Generational differences in work values and workplace expectations have become a widely discussed research and intervention topic in recent years. However, little is known about Generation Z, who are now entering the labour market, and this presents challenges to both researchers and companies. Therefore, the primary purpose of the present study is to extend generation research by examining generational cohort differences in workplace expectations, specifically between Generation Z and the previous closest generation, Generation Y. The study is also intended to add to the limited empirical evidence of the workplace expectations of the most recent Generation Z. The theoretical framework guiding this study includes generational cohort theory and anticipatory psychological contract dimensions: job content, career development, social atmosphere, the fairness of organisational policies and rewards. The study was based on an online questionnaire survey. Data was collected from a sample of 1,000 respondents for the Czech Republic and 600 for the Slovak Republic including Generations Y and Z in the ratio 1:1. The generational differences in the workplace expectations, controlling the effects of gender and country, were investigated using multiple linear regression. The overall findings of the study indicate that both generations are more similar than different regarding their future employment expectations. We also find that those preferences may be more heterogeneous within a homogeneous group than across generational cohorts. The findings specifically indicate that some characteristics, such as geographical environment, professional experience and gender may shape employment expectations more than generational difference. The study suggests that companies also need to appreciate heterogeneity within a homogeneous generational group instead of treating current or prospective potential employees simply as members of one generation. The directions of future research, as well as the limitations of the study, are discussed.
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van der Werf, Anne. "‘Jongens waren het, maar geen aardige jongens’." Nederlandse Letterkunde 26, no. 1 (2021): 60–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/nedlet2021.1.004.werf.
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Abstract The novels Gimmick! (1989) by Joost Zwagerman (1963-2015) and Trainspotting (1993) by Irvine Welsh (1958-) depict two generations that dominated the societal scene during the 1980s, respectively the snobbish yuppies and the desperate ‘no future kids’. This article examines the literary representation of these generations on the basis of two questions: how does the concept of generation take shape within these novels? The descriptive questions in Hans Becker’s sociological ‘generation model’ serve as a means to analyze the representation of generations on three levels: the level of the system, the individual and the historical context. Analysis of the statements by the characters reveals that generation and identity play important roles in these novels. Furthermore, the article demonstrates how societal developments influence the generational cohorts in the novels.
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Zhitomirsky-Geffet, Maayan, and Maya Blau. "Cross-generational analysis of information seeking behavior of smartphone users." Aslib Journal of Information Management 69, no. 6 (2017): 721–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajim-04-2017-0083.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the predictive factors of information seeking behavior of smartphone users from the cross-generational perspective. Based on existing literature, the two most popular types of information seeking behavior of smartphone users were determined: social information seeking behavior; and functional/cognitive information seeking behavior. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire comprising 66 questions was administered online to 216 smartphone users of three age groups according to three generations: generation X, Y (millennials) and Z. Several predictive factors were examined for each of these information seeking behavior types: generation, gender, personality traits (the Big Five), daily usage time, period of ownership, various application utilization and the level of emotional gain from smartphones. Findings There is a trade-off between the two types of information seeking behavior. Also, men exhibited significantly more functional/cognitive information seeking behavior than women, and younger generations reported significantly higher emotional gain and social information seeking behavior than older generations. Interestingly, significant differences in smartphone apps’ utilization, information seeking behavior types and their predictive factors were found among users from different generations. Extraversion was positively related to social information seeking behavior only for generations X and Y, while WhatsApp usage was one of the strongest predictive factors only for generation Z. Practical implications This research has practical implications for information system design, education, e-commerce and libraries. Originality/value This is a first study that systematically examines predictive factors of the two prominent types of information seeking behavior on smartphones from the cross-generational perspective.
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Pathy, Girish S., Hareesh N. Ramanathan, and Berislav Andrlić. "Consumer perspectives on physical gold." Ekonomski vjesnik 38, no. 1 (2025): 185–95. https://doi.org/10.51680/ev.38.1.13.
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Purpose: The study explores the perceptual differences between pre- and post-liberalization generations in India regarding the hedonic value of physical gold. The objective was to map and compare the perceptions of women from two generations regarding the hedonic value of gold.Methodology: A survey was administered to consumers from two generations within the same household to ensure homogeneity, specifically targeting married daughters and their mothers. Participants rated various attributes of gold on a ten-point scale based on their perceived similarity to gold. The study employed the Multi-Dimensional Scaling technique for the analysis.Results: The analysis highlights generational differences in the perception of gold. The pre-liberalization generation viewed gold as fashionable but not durable or precious, valuing its glitter but not its elegance or beauty. In contrast, the post-liberalization generation saw gold as durable and precious but not fashionable,associating it positively with glitter and elegance. Both generations agreed that gold does not enhance beauty but appreciated its glitter. The perception of the younger generation is shaped by globalization and the availability of alternatives like imitation jewelry.Conclusion: The findings of the study highlight how cultural shifts and market changes influence generational attitudes toward a cultural good like gold in India, with implications for marketers and retailers in the jewelry and similar industries.
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Devani, Pushti, Rahil Gandhi, and Jignesh Vidani. "Differences in Opinion on Healthy and Junk Food Between Generation Y and Generation Z." International Journal of Natural and Health Sciences 2, no. 1 (2024): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.59890/ijnhs.v2i1.1179.
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Consumption of both healthy and junk food is becoming a major public health concern, especially among younger generations. In Ahmedabad, India, this study looks at the perspectives of two generations on the choice between junk food and healthy food: Generation Z (born 1997–2012) and Generation Y (born 1981–1996).A survey regarding these food categories was administered to [number of respondents] individuals of both generations to assess their attitudes, opinions and consumption patterns. The aim of the data analysis, which used [the technologies described], was to find significant differences in their health knowledge, influencing factors and preferences. The results increase our knowledge of generational differences in food preferences and guide focused initiatives aimed at encouraging better eating practices in Generation Y and Generation Z
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Matović, Marijana. "Media Generations in Serbia." ISSUES IN ETHNOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY 16, no. 2 (2021): 459–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21301/eap.v16i2.6.
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This paper represents a small contribution to the study of media generations in Serbia. The research on which the paper is based starts from the model formulated by Goran Bolin, who drew on Karl Mannheim's theoretical postulates. The principal question that has served as the starting point of inquiry is in what way media (as technologies and content) and related experiences affect the forming of generational belonging of media generations in Serbia, and how they influence their use of media in the contemporary digital environment. In order to understand the context of the historical development of media in the formative period of life of generation members, the paper first provides a description of the "objective media environment". It consists of key years in the development of media in Serbia, crucial social events reported on by the media, and sociological analyses that contribute significantly to the understanding of each of the generations studied. For the purposes of the second and third level of analysis, a focus group study was carried out with members of three generations. Using the classification proposed by Oblinger and Oblinger, also used today by the Pew Research Center, the generations have been defined as (1) the Post-war Generation or Generation P (1946-1964), Generation X (1965-1980) and Generation M or Millennials (1981-1995). Their members were born before the intruduction of commercial intenet in Serbia, and grew up in different media and social environments. The second level of analysis, which Bolin terms the "subjective media environment", involved a phenomenological approach to the study of generation members' recollections of "first contacts" and subjective experiences contributing to the creation of a sense of generational belonging. Then, in order to establish which specific generational patterns are manifested in the contemporary media environment, an analysis was conducted of the way in which members of different generations use media today, which is the very reason they can be referred to as media generations. The research has highlighted the importance of two formative life periods; also, it suggests that it is in fact media generational units that manifest their specificities within each of the defined generations. In addition, it has been found that media generations can be distinguished not only according to their current media habits, but also according to the way they perceive the role of the media in society, the expectations they have of the media, and their understanding of their own position as users of these media. Thus Generation P, as the "generation of traditional media", perceives media primarily as content. Generation X, as a "mix of radio/music and internet generations", sees media primarily as technology that offers various possibilities. Generation M, on the other hand, can be said to be the first "networked generation" for which the media are a space that enables them to be continuously connected to others, and in which they can obtain information, find entertainment, and study/work.
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Devani, Pushti, Rahil Gandhi, and Jignesh Vidani. "Differences in Opinion on Healthy and Junk Food Between Generation Y and Generation Z." Differences in Opinion on Healthy and Junk Food Between Generation Y and Generation Z 2, Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): January 2024 (2024): 14. https://doi.org/10.59890/ijnhs.v2i1.1179.
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Consumption of both healthy and junk food is becoming a major public health concern, especially among younger generations. In Ahmedabad, India, this study looks at the perspectives of two generations on the choice between junk food and healthy food: Generation Z (born 1997–2012) and Generation Y (born 1981–1996).A survey regarding these food categories was administered to [number of respondents] individuals of both generations to assess their attitudes, opinions and consumption patterns. The aim of the data analysis, which used [the technologies described], was to find significant differences in their health knowledge, influencing factors and preferences. The results increase our knowledge of generational differences in food preferences and guide focused initiatives aimed at encouraging better eating practices in Generation Y and Generation Z
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Matsuo, Hisako. "Identificational Assimilation of Japanese Americans: A Reassessment of Primordialism and Circumstantialism." Sociological Perspectives 35, no. 3 (1992): 505–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1389332.
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Using both quantitative and qualitative data collected in Portland, Oregon during 1989, this study tests two contradictory models of ethnic identity: primordialism and circumstantialism. Two questions are addressed: 1) does the third generation of Japanese Americans retain ethnic identity or has the group achieved complete identificational assimilation?; and 2) what factors impacted the group's identificational assimilation? The study suggests that there is attenuation of ethnic identity between successive generations. However, multivariate analyses indicate that the seemingly different ethnic identity of the second and third generations does not necessarily evidence the significance of generation in the identificational assimilation. Childhood and adult social networks are found to have the greatest effect on ethnic identity. This study also found that generational shift does not lead to identificational assimilation if and when successive generations are placed in the same circumstances.
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Lantto, Hanna. "Two Generations of New Basques." Anthropological Journal of European Cultures 28, no. 2 (2019): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ajec.2019.280207.
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Following the Spanish transition to democracy and the subsequent Basque revitalisation, a new label emerged to describe euskaldun berriak, ‘new Basques’. This label distinguished them from traditional speakers of the minority language. This forum piece describes the profiles of two new Basque speakers who represent different generations of new Basque speakerhood, reflecting the rapid changes in the sociolinguistic situation of the Basque Country.
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Yelland, Catherine E., and Margaret E. Yelland. "Women in medicine: two generations." Medical Journal of Australia 174, no. 1 (2001): 52–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2001.tb143148.x.
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Hart, Laurie E., and Leone Burton. "Two Generations of Feminist Thinking." Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 23, no. 1 (1992): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/749166.
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Hart, Laurie E. "Two Generations of Feminist Thinking." Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 23, no. 1 (1992): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.23.1.0079.
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How can we expand the perspectives used to examine issues of gender and mathematics? Writings from a feminist viewpoint (e.g., Belenky, Clinchy, Goldberger, & Tarule, 1986; Noddings, 1 990) may be helpful in fostering this expansion. Belenky et al. studied adult women to understand “women's ways of knowing”; on the basis of their data they provide a provocative analysis of teaching and learning for women. They found that “connected teaching” (instruction that uses the “midwife” model rather than the more typical “banking” model [Freire, 1971]) facilitated the learning of women. Noddings has also critiqued research and practice in education from a feminist perspective. She discussed three generations of feminism.
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Laway, BashirAhmad, Mahroosa Ramzan, and ShahnazAhmad Mir. "Sheehan's syndrome in two generations." Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 20, no. 6 (2016): 884. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2230-8210.192911.
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Ristoska-Bojkovska, N., and V. Tasic. "820 Cystinuria Over Two Generations." Pediatric Research 68 (November 2010): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/00006450-201011001-00820.
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van de Kamp, Linda. "Afro-Brazilian Pentecostal Re-formations of Relationships Across Two Generations of Mozambican Women." Journal of Religion in Africa 42, no. 4 (2012): 433–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700666-12341240.
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Abstract Scholars of Pentecostalism in Africa have repeatedly shown that this religion generally attracts younger generations who perceive the Pentecostal theology of liberation from the bonds of kinship, tradition, and elders as very powerful. This article contributes to the existing scholarly field by examining how different generations of working women and female students in Mozambique find the Afro-Brazilian Pentecostal teachings and practices attractive, particularly when it comes to reshaping their relationships with kin, (ancestral) spirits, and men. It considers how Afro-Brazilian Pentecostalism is helping both younger and older women to reorder their relationships. Drawing on the concept of heterotopia, the role of age is highlighted to demonstrate that Afro-Brazilian Pentecostalism actively seeks to erase important generational hierarchies and differences, turning them into spiritual issues that affect all women regardless of age or generation.
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Sitoayu, Laras, Lintang Purwara Dewanti, Vitria Melani, Putri Azahra Sumitra, and Mutiara Rulina Marpaung. "Differences in Eating Habits, Stress, and Weight Changes Among Indonesian Generations Y and Z Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Journal of Research & Health 13, no. 2 (2023): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jrh.13.2.2076.1.
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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted society and students from various generations. Generations are a group of people who have the same age, traits, and experiences. Not all generations can overcome the impact of the pandemic on themselves, which is the cause of various problems in each generation, influencing on eating habits, behaviors, and stress. Generations Z and Y have reacted greatly to the COVID-19 pandemic. Generation Z is instantaneous, sophisticated, and adaptable to the digital world, while Generation Y is a transitional generation between conventional and digital. The latter is more patient in facing challenges. This study analyzes the differences in eating habits, stress, and lifestyle because of the COVID-19 pandemic in these two generations. Methods: This research was conducted on Indonesian students, divided into groups in terms of Generations Z and Y with a cross-sectional design. The research data was collected online from 237 Indonesian students in April 2021. We used the snowball method for sampling. The analysis of differences was carried out using the independent t-test. Results: The results showed differences in changes in eating habits and stress between the two generations (P<0.05). Generation Y experienced more changes in eating habits compared to generation Z during the pandemic. Additionally, generation Z experienced more stress compared to Generation Y. For weight changes, no difference was observed between the two generations. Each generation experienced weight changes, but it was not significant. Conclusion: Generation Y can better control stress because of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to generation Z. However, with changes in eating habits, generation Y has experienced more changes. Both generations experienced an increase in body weight. There needs to be education and motivation for various generations to face the new normal to not get easily stressed, which can result in changes in eating habits and weight.
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Emelyanova, Tatyana P., Eva N. Vikentieva, and Semyon V. Tarasov. "URBAN IDENTITY AND IMAGE OF THE FUTURE IN TWO CITIES: GENERATION FACTOR." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Psychology. Pedagogics. Education, no. 4 (2022): 57–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6398-2022-4-57-78.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of urban identity and image of the future in four generations of residents of two cities – Moscow and the subpolar monotown of Surgut. It is assumed that the image of the future and urban identity are indicators of the social well-being of representatives of different generations, their expectations, and fears. The study was conducted through an online survey, N=644. Residents of Moscow were 358 people, and residents of Surgut – were 285 people. The samples are divided into subgroups by generations: Baby Boomers, X, Y, and Z. Methods were used: “Scale of Identification with the City” (Lalli M.), the author’s modification of the “Semantic Differential” methodology, which includes 8 scales aimed at studying attitudes towards the future cities, associative technique. The results of the study showed that the Baby Boomer generation of both cities associates their future with the town to the greatest extent, and representatives of generation Z of both cities identify themselves with the city of residence less than other generations and less often than other generations associate their future with it. The high level of urban identity in Moscow, which citizens perceive (according to SD) in positive categories, also includes a positive perception of their future in the city (predictable, bright, hopeful, meaningful, eventful). The overall indicator of urban identity among the residents of Surgut is significantly lower. In the Surgut sample, negatively colored emotional categories are most closely associated with the category that reflects the lifestyle of city dwellers in the future (“Poor events”). However, despite the fundamental differences in living conditions in the two cities under consideration, the elements of the image of an ideal city turn out to be similar. Among Surgut residents, significant (in comparison with the expectations of Muscovites) were wishes related to environmental opportunities for children and youth, as well as requirements for comfort. Socio-psychological explanations are put forward for generational differences in the level of urban identity and the nature of the image of the future of the city, and prospects for further research are outlined.
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Mcintosh, John L. "Generational Analyses of Suicide: Baby Boomers and 13ers." Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 24, no. 4 (1994): 334–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1943-278x.1994.tb00813.x.
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“Generational analysis” is proposed that would consider actual cohort or generational suicide risk. Personality characteristics of different generations are discussed as they may affect suicide, its prevention, and intervention. In addition, annual suicide data for 1968–1991 are presented for the “Boom” generation (born 1943–1960) and for the young group of Americans called 13ers (the 13th generation of Americans; born 1961–1981). Results indicate that Boomers are presently 1 of every 3 suicides and 1 of every 4 Americans, while 13ers are 1 of 4 suicides and 1 of 3 in the population. Consistent with previous cohort analysis studies, these two cohorts are at greater risk than earlier generations at the same chronological age, with 13ers higher than Boomers for the ages they have thus far attained. It is recommended that researchers, theorists, and mental health professionals consider generational issues, and that suicidology expand its attention to the life cycles of generations.
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Masril, Munzaimah, and Moulita Moulita. "Features of Medan's Millennials and Z-Gens as Social Media Users." Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences 52, no. 3 (2025): 6267. https://doi.org/10.35516/hum.v52i3.6267.
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Objectives: The study aimed at examining two generations behavior (Generation Y and Generation Z), especially on social media. The respondents are Gen Y and Gen Z in Medan City, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. The study focuses on similarities and differences in digital communication behavior between these two generations on social media. Stakeholders such as the government that formulates public policies, industry, politicians, and so on, need to map and understand what the characteristics of social media users are their citizens. Methods: The researchers used quantitative methods with descriptive statistical analysis techniques with a total of 400 respondents. Data was collected using questionnaires and analyzed using the statistical utility SPSS. Results: Research has shown that Generation Y prefers Facebook, while Generation Z prefers Instagram and YouTube. Both generations spend 30–60 minutes on social media, especially at night. While the level of caution on social media tends to appear in Gen Z. A significant difference between the two generations can be seen in the topics they post on social media, Gen Y posts topics about family more often. Meanwhile, Gen Z posts more about achievements. But in terms of how to communicate with each other, these two generations are no different. The majority of these two generations interact online every day with their friends, be it through social media, chat applications, or gaming. Conclusions: Social media interaction has replaced interaction in the real world. Generation Y and Generation Z, as social media users, develop different communication behaviors compared to the other older generations.
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Fine, Marshall, Joan E. Norris, and Greta Hofstra. "Intergenerational Family Relations: Two Disciplines Meet Two Generations." Journal of Family Social Work 5, no. 4 (2001): 17–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j039v05n04_03.
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İLHAN, Ümit Deniz. "How Generations Perceive each other in Terms of Their Attitudes Towards Work: A Qualitative Analysis on Generation X And Generation Y." International Journal of Contemporary Economics and Administrative Sciences 10, no. 1 (2020): 107–30. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3940497.
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It is a common belief that generations differ from each other, and the perceptions arising from generational differences are reflected in the individual's attitudes towards work. This is one of the reasons why the management of generations’ working in harmony with each other in today's multi-generational workplaces maintains its place on the agenda as an important issue. At this point, besides just putting forward these distinctive attitudes towards work, which are caused by generational differences, putting forward how generations perceive each other in terms of their attitudes towards work is significant as well. Based on this concern, in this study, where qualitative research methodology was adopted and semi-structured interview technique was used, the data was collected from 38 Generation X and Generation Y employees working in two large enterprises operating in the food sector in Turkey. According to the findings, the perceptions of Generation X employees on Generation Y employees’ attitudes towards work were gathered under the main themes as “low organizational commitment” and “low power distance expectation” while the perceptions of Generation Y employees on Generation X employees’ attitudes towards work were gathered under the main themes as “high organizational commitment” and “high power distance expectation”.
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Statnickė, Gita, Asta Savanevičienė, and Ignas Šakys. "The Relationship Between Work Engagement of Different Generations and Mobile Learning." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 67, no. 6 (2019): 1627–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201967061627.
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As regards work engagement, different generations are affected by different factors. The aim of this paper is to determine whether there is a relationship between work engagement and mobile learning and whether there are significant variances between work engagement and mobile learning among different generational cohorts. Methods: Quantitative research was performed using “Individual Innovativeness Scale” developed by Hurt, Joseph and Cook (1977) and “The Mobile Learning Scale (MBC)”, formed by Fatima, Ghandforoush, Khan and Masico (2017), applying the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The research included 231 representatives of different generations working in the organisations which used mobile learning in workplace and employed representatives of all four generations in Lithuania, EU. For statistical analysis two-way ANOVA was used, followed by post hoc pairwise comparisons (Bonferroni correction). Findings: There are significant differences in work engagement by different generations and mobile learning. Vigor, dedication and absorption were significantly affected by generation and by mobile learning. Conclusions: Generation X and Generation Y are more engaged in the workplace than Generation Z. Generation Z is more prone to using mobile learning in the workplace than Generation X and Generation Y; in comparison to other generations, the Baby Boomers are least prone to using mobile learning in the workplace. Recommendation: A focus on Generation Z mobile learning in the workplace would increase their work engagement.
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PAGÈS, J. R., V. R. SOUTHGATE, L. A. TCHUEM TCHUENTÉ, and J. JOURDANE. "Experimental evidence of hybrid breakdown between the two geographical strains of Schistosoma intercalatum." Parasitology 124, no. 2 (2002): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182001001068.
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Reciprocal crosses (Schistosoma intercalatum male Zaire×S. intercalatum female Cameroon: S. intercalatum female Zaire×S. intercalatum male Cameroon) were produced in 10 mice by exposing each mouse to 60 male cercariae of one isolate and 60 female cercariae of the other isolate, and vice versa. Hybrid generations originating from the two crosses were established. The infectivity of the F1, F2, F3 and F4 hybrid generations were evaluated after exposing snails individually to 5 miracidia. A comparative histological study of snails infected with F2 and F4 hybrid sporocysts from both crosses was made to assess abnormalities in the intramolluscan development of the hybrids. The worm recovery rate and fecundity were measured by comparing the fitness of the mid-parents with that of the hybrids. S. intercalatum Cameroon was compatible with Bulinus forskalii and incompatible with B. globosus whereas S. intercalatum Zaire was compatible with B. globosus and incompatible with B. forskalii. In the case of S. intercalatum male Cameroon×S. intercalatum female Zaire, hybrid miracidia develops in both B. forskalii and B. globosus in F1, F2 and F3 generations. The infection rate was much lower for B. globosus and F2 and F3 generations produced few cercariae (less than 30 cercariae in overall per snail) and F4 miracidia were only infective to B. forskalii again producing few cercariae. At 40 days post-infection the sporocyst contains masses of acidophilic granules originating from the breakup of pycnotic nuclei. Similarly the F1, F2 and F3 miracidia of the reciprocal cross (S. intercalatum male Zaire×S. intercalatum female Cameroon) exhibited a dual infectivity for B. forskalii and B. globosus, but cercarial productivity was low (less than 30 cercariae overall per snail for F2 and F3 generations). Histological studies demonstrated sporocyst degeneration in snails infected with F4 generation. In the definitive host, the F1 generation (both crosses) exhibited hybrid vigour in that the worm return was greater than that of the mid-parent, F2 and F3 generations. No significant difference in fecundity was demonstrated between the parental strains and the F1 and F2 generations, yet egg production of the F3 generation was significantly lower. It is apparent that there is a post-zygotic barrier in the crosses of S. intercalatum Zaire and S. intercalatum Cameroon from the F2 generations onwards, and sterility of the F4 hybrid sporocyst supports the concept of the existence of 2 distinct taxa.
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Aljaaly, Elham A., and Mai A. Khatib. "Exploring the Prevalence of Functional Gastrointestinal Diseases and the Accompanied Differences in Dietary and Lifestyle Patterns: A Two-Generational Study." Diagnostics 14, no. 15 (2024): 1630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14151630.
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Background and Objectives: Generation Z and millennials in Saudi Arabia both experienced the stress of the COVID-19 pandemic and the accompanying factors that may have had an impact on the incidence of functional gastrointestinal diseases (FGIDs) in both generations. This study aims to explore how prevalent FGIDs are among adolescents and their parents. Methods and Study Design: A cross-sectional, school-based study conducted in public high schools for boys and girls in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. We adapted 37 items from the ROME IV Diagnostic Questionnaires for children and adults, as well as other questionnaires. IBM SPSS Statistics (Version 28.0) was used. Results: Generation Z showed a higher prevalence of FGIDs (33.5%, n = 126) in comparison with millennials (20.0%, n = 28). In both generations, the most prevalent FGID was functional constipation; the least prevalent were irritable bowel syndrome and abdominal migraine, with no significant change in the severity or frequency of symptoms during the pandemic. The type of commonly consumed beverages was a risk factor for FGIDs. Participants in generation Z were less likely to use complementary and alternative medicine (67.4%) to prevent diseases and enhance immunity compared with millennials (82.9%). Conclusions: The study results confirmed disparities in the prevalence of FGIDs between the two generations before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, which requires further research in other areas of Saudi Arabia. Recognizing the differences between the millennial parents and the generation Z high schoolers could assist health professionals in planning individualized, generation-based interventions and educators in designing and tailoring programs based on generational differences.
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Tri, Indah Sari, Rizal Muchammad, and Kusuma Ambar. "Work Engagement: Millennial Vs Gen Z in Terms of Work-Life Balance." International Journal of Social Science and Human Research 08, no. 05 (2025): 3670–75. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15524778.
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The topic of work engagement is becoming increasingly important in the context of generational change, especially between Millennials and Generation Z, which is characterized by shifting views on work-life balance. This study aims to determine the involvement of work-life balance on work engagement and explore the differences between the two generations. The method applied in this study is a quantitative approach, with data collection through questionnaires distributed to 65 employees from two generations in Surabaya. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques to measure the relationship between work life balance and work engagement. The results showed that there is a significant difference in the level of work engagement between Millennials and Generation Z, which is related to the experience of work-life balance; Generation Z tends to place work-life balance as a greater priority compared to Millennials. The contribution of this research is that it can provide insights for managers and leaders in formulating human resource policies that are more effective in increasing work engagement among younger generations. This research suggests the need for a more adaptive approach in creating a work environment that supports work-life balance. This research highlights the importance of understanding generational differences in the context of work engagement and its impact on organizational performance.
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Castro Dias Cuyabano, Beatriz Castro Dias, Hanna Wackel, Donghyun Shin, and Cedric Gondro. "A study of Genomic Prediction across Generations of Two Korean Pig Populations." Animals 9, no. 9 (2019): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9090672.
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Genomic models that incorporate dense marker information have been widely used for predicting genomic breeding values since they were first introduced, and it is known that the relationship between individuals in the reference population and selection candidates affects the prediction accuracy. When genomic evaluation is performed over generations of the same population, prediction accuracy is expected to decay if the reference population is not updated. Therefore, the reference population must be updated in each generation, but little is known about the optimal way to do it. This study presents an empirical assessment of the prediction accuracy of genomic breeding values of production traits, across five generations in two Korean pig breeds. We verified the decay in prediction accuracy over time when the reference population was not updated. Additionally we compared the prediction accuracy using only the previous generation as the reference population, as opposed to using all previous generations as the reference population. Overall, the results suggested that, although there is a clear need to continuously update the reference population, it may not be necessary to keep all ancestral genotypes. Finally, comprehending how the accuracy of genomic prediction evolves over generations within a population adds relevant information to improve the performance of genomic selection.
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Juarez, Jorge Daniel, Francisco Marco-Jiménez, Raquel Lavara, and José Salvador Vicente. "Rederivation by Cryopreservation of a Paternal Line of Rabbits Suggests Exhaustion of Selection for Post-Weaning Daily Weight Gain after 37 Generations." Animals 10, no. 8 (2020): 1436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10081436.
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Rabbit selection programmes have mainly been evaluated using unselected or divergently selected populations, or populations rederived from cryopreserved embryos after a reduced number of generations. Nevertheless, unselected and divergent populations do not avoid genetic drift, while rederived animals seem to influence phenotypic traits such as birth and adult weights or prolificacy. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of a long-term selection for post-weaning average daily weight gain (ADG) over 37 generations with two rederived populations. Specifically, two coetaneous populations were derived from vitrified embryos with 18 generational intervals (R19 and R37), reducing or avoiding genetic drift and environmental and cryopreservation effects. After two generations of both rederived populations (R21 vs. R39 generations), all evaluated traits showed some progress as a result of the selection, the response being 0.113 g/day by generation. This response does not seem to affect the estimated Gompertz growth curve parameters in terms of the day, the weight at the inflexion point or the adult weight. Moreover, a sexual dimorphism favouring females was observed in this paternal line. Results demonstrated that the selection programme had improved ADG without variations in adult body weight but, after 37 generations of selection, this trait seems exhausted. Given the reduction in the cumulative reproductive performance and as a consequence in the selection pressure, or possibly/perhaps due to an unexpected effect, rederivation could be the cause of this weak selection response observed from generation 18 onwards.
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Enam, Annesha, and Karthik C. Konduri. "Time Allocation Behavior of Twentieth-Century American Generations: GI Generation, Silent Generation, Baby Boomers, Generation X, and Millennials." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 49 (2018): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118794710.
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In recent years, time engagement behaviors of two generations, namely Baby Boomers and Millennials have sparked much interest because these generations constitute the bulk of the American population today and they also exhibit “atypical” activity–travel patterns compared with other generations. The objective of the current research is to conduct a systematic study of the time engagement behaviors of five American generations: the GI Generation (birth year: 1901–1924), the Silent Generation (birth year: 1925–1943), Baby Boomers (birth year: 1944–1964), Generation X (birth year: 1965–1981), and Millennials (birth year: 1982–2000). Particularly, the study aims at isolating heterogeneity in behaviors associated with structural changes in the society from those associated with inherent generational characteristics. Using data from four waves (1965, 1985, 2005, and 2012) of the American Heritage and Time Use Study, the analysis explores the time engagement behaviors while accounting for the age, period, and cohort effects in addition to different socioeconomic and demographic variables. The analysis reveals that Millennials have generally delayed participation in life-changing events such as marriage and workforce entry, and have exhibited prolonged student status compared with previous generations. Millennials show lower participation in work and higher participation in discretionary activities compared with individuals of the same age group from previous generations. On the other hand, Baby Boomers clearly exhibited increased travel engagement compared with the previous generations at different stages of their lives.
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Basa, Kamilla, Renata Machova, and Aranka Boros. "Examination of the Tourism Market after the COVID-19 – Travel Habits of Generation Y and Z in Slovakia and Hungary." Marketing and Management of Innovations 14, no. 2 (2023): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2023.2-10.
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The paper aims to examine the travel habits of Generation Y and Generation Z representatives after the coronavirus pandemic among Slovak and Hungarian respondents. To this end, primary data was collected using a questionnaire survey in the first half of 2022. Five hypotheses were formulated and tested with the Chi-square test in the IBM SPSS Statistics 25 software during the research. According to the results, generation Y spends, on average, a higher amount per trip than Generation Z. Both generations like to travel domestically and abroad. For Generation Y, one-week trips are the most typical; for Generation Z, shorter trips of 2-3 days. The two generations are similar in that they often find out about their chosen destination online before travelling. The most important sources of information about destinations for both generations are previous personal experiences, the opinions of friends and acquaintances, and reviews written on travel websites. Generation Y and Z also showed similarities in which factors are most important when choosing a trip. These are the price, the time spent there, the attractions and the accommodation. The length of travel time and available services are more important to Generation Y, and the choice of programs to Generation Z. It is more characteristic of Generation Y that they consider travelling a good opportunity to spend time with the family and that they consider it important to be able to reach the host online. On the other hand, Generation Z considers it more important that travel be cheap. In the case of the two generations, there was no difference in whether they recommended the destinations to their friends or whether they returned to the same place. The study supports the results of certain previous research conducted among travellers from Slovakia and Hungary but also identifies similarities and differences in the travel habits of travellers from the two countries from a generational point of view. The results help travel agencies, specialists, and websites promote destinations in what aspects they should consider if they want to sell travel to Generation Y or Z. In the case of the two generations, there were more similarities than differences in travel habits. Professionals, marketing agencies and tourist destinations should be aware of these similarities and differences when determining their marketing communication target group.
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Modell, Judith S., David W. Shwalb, and Barbara J. Shwalb. "Japanese Childrearing: Two Generations of Scholarship." Journal of Japanese Studies 25, no. 2 (1999): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/133343.
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Matinyan, S. H. "Two post-Alikhanian generations of physicists." Journal of Contemporary Physics (Armenian Academy of Sciences) 44, no. 5 (2009): 217–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068337209050028.
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PAULSEN, SARAH. "It Takes Two Generations to Forget." American Ethnologist 47, no. 2 (2020): 182–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/amet.12899.
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Vorgerd, M., J. Karitzky, M. Ristow, et al. "Muscle phosphofructokinase deficiency in two generations." Journal of the Neurological Sciences 141, no. 1-2 (1996): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-510x(96)00131-1.
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Whitaker, Kara M., Kelley Pettee Gabriel, David R. Jacobs, Stephen Sidney, and Barbara Sternfeld. "Comparing Two Generations of ActiGraph Accelerometers." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 50, no. 5S (2018): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000536046.57846.50.
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