Academic literature on the topic 'Two hybrid and pull-down'
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Journal articles on the topic "Two hybrid and pull-down"
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Koshizuka, Tetsuo, Yasushi Kawaguchi, and Yukihiro Nishiyama. "Herpes simplex virus type 2 membrane protein UL56 associates with the kinesin motor protein KIF1A." Journal of General Virology 86, no. 3 (March 1, 2005): 527–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.80633-0.
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The herpes simplex virus UL56 gene product is a C-terminal-anchored, type II membrane protein of unknown function. UL56 was found to interact with KIF1A, a member of the kinesin-3 family, in a yeast two-hybrid screen and a GST pull-down assay. KIF1A mediates the transport of synaptic vesicle precursors and is essential for the function and viability of neurons. When overexpressed, KIF1A co-localized with full-sized UL56, but no clear co-localization was observed when co-expressed with the UL56 mutant protein lacking its C-terminal transmembrane domain (TMD). Although the C-terminal TMD was not essential for the interaction with KIF1A in the yeast two-hybrid screen and GST pull-down assays, these results indicate that the C-terminal TMD, as well as aa 69–217, of UL56 are important for the interaction with KIF1A in vivo. The hypothesis that the UL56 protein affects vesicular trafficking in infected cells, potentially by acting as a receptor for motor proteins in neurons, is discussed.
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Zhou, Jin-wu, Man Zhao, Wen-liang Rang, Xiao-yan Zhang, Zhen-ming Liu, Liang-ren Zhang, Tong-xing Wang, Chu-Tse Wu, Xiao-rui Cheng, and Wen-xia Zhou. "Proteome Profiling Identified Amyloid-β Protein Precursor as a Novel Binding Partner and Modulator of VGLUT1." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 81, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 981–1038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-210117.
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Background: The toxicity of excessive glutamate release has been implicated in various acute and chronic neurodegenerative conditions. Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) are the major mediators for the uptake of glutamate into synaptic vesicles. However, the dynamics and mechanism of this process in glutamatergic neurons are still largely unknown. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the candidate protein partners of VGLUT1 and their regulatory roles in the vesicles in rat brain. Methods: Pull down assay, co-immunoprecipitation assay, or split-ubiquitin membrane yeast two hybrid screening coupled with nanoRPLC-MS/MS were used to identify the candidate protein partners of VGLUT1 in the vesicles in rat brain. The in vitro and in vivo models were used to test effects of AβPP, Atp6ap2, Gja1, and Synataxin on VGLUT1 expression. Results: A total of 255 and 225 proteins and 172 known genes were identified in the pull down assay, co-immunoprecipitation assay, or split-ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid screening respectively. The physiological interactions of SV2A, Syntaxin 12, Gja1, AβPP, and Atp6ap2 to VGLUT1 were further confirmed. Knockdown of Atp6ap2, Gja1, and Synataxin increased VGLUT1 mRNA expression and only knockdown of AβPP increased both mRNA and protein levels of VGLUT1 in PC12 cells. The regulatory function of AβPP on VGLUT1 expression was further confirmed in the in vitro and in vivo models. Conclusion: These results elucidate that the AβPP and VGLUT1 interacts at vesicular level and AβPP plays a role in the regulation of VGLUT1 expression which is essential for maintaining vesicular activities.
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Derbigny, Wilbert A., Seong K. Kim, Gretchen B. Caughman, and Dennis J. O'Callaghan. "The EICP22 Protein of Equine Herpesvirus 1 Physically Interacts with the Immediate-Early Protein and with Itself To Form Dimers and Higher-Order Complexes." Journal of Virology 74, no. 3 (February 1, 2000): 1425–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.3.1425-1435.2000.
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ABSTRACT The EICP22 protein (EICP22P) of Equine herpesvirus 1(EHV-1) is an early protein that functions synergistically with other EHV-1 regulatory proteins to transactivate the expression of early and late viral genes. We have previously identified EICP22P as an accessory regulatory protein that has the ability to enhance the transactivating properties and the sequence-specific DNA-binding activity of the EHV-1 immediate-early protein (IEP). In the present study, we identify EICP22P as a self-associating protein able to form dimers and higher-order complexes during infection. Studies with the yeast two-hybrid system also indicate that physical interactions occur between EICP22P and IEP and that EICP22P self-aggregates. Results from in vitro and in vivo coimmunoprecipitation experiments and glutathioneS-transferase (GST) pull-down studies confirmed a direct protein-protein interaction between EICP22P and IEP as well as self-interactions of EICP22P. Analyses of infected cells by laser-scanning confocal microscopy with antibodies specific for IEP and EICP22P revealed that these viral regulatory proteins colocalize in the nucleus at early times postinfection and form aggregates of dense nuclear structures within the nucleoplasm. Mutational analyses with a battery of EICP22P deletion mutants in both yeast two-hybrid and GST pull-down experiments implicated amino acids between positions 124 and 143 as the critical domain mediating the EICP22P self-interactions. Additional in vitro protein-binding assays with a library of GST-EICP22P deletion mutants identified amino acids mapping within region 2 (amino acids [aa] 65 to 196) and region 3 (aa 197 to 268) of EICP22P as residues that mediate its interaction with IEP.
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Willingham, Field F., Paul Reynolds, Melinda Lewis, Andrew Ross, Shishir K. Maithel, and Flavio G. Rocha. "Hybrid Push-Pull Endoscopic and Laparoscopic Full Thickness Resection for the Minimally Invasive Management of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: A Pilot Clinical Study." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/618756.
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Background. Gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) that are predominantly endophytic or in anatomically complex locations pose a challenge for laparoscopic wedge resection; however, endoscopic resection can be associated with a positive deep margin given the fourth-layer origin of the tumors.Methods. Patients at two tertiary care academic medical centers with gastric GISTs in difficult anatomic locations or with a predominant endophytic component were considered for enrollment. Preoperative esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) with or without fine needle aspiration (FNA), and cross-sectional imaging were performed. Eligible patients were offered and consented for hybrid and standard management.Results. Over ten months, four patients in two institutions with anatomically complex or endophytic GISTs underwent successful, uncomplicated push-pull hybrid procedures. GIST was confirmed in all resection specimens.Conclusion. In a highly selected population, the hybrid push-pull approach was safe and effective in the removal of complex gastric GISTs. Endoscopic resection alone was associated with a positive deep margin, which the push-pull technique manages with a laparoscopic, full thickness, R0 resection. This novel, minimally invasive, hybrid laparoscopic and endoscopic push-pull technique is a safe and feasible alternative in the management of select GISTs that are not amenable to standard laparoscopic resection.
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Cheng, Xiaogang, Michael Belshan, and Lee Ratner. "Hsp40 Facilitates Nuclear Import of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 Vpx-Mediated Preintegration Complex." Journal of Virology 82, no. 3 (November 21, 2007): 1229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00540-07.
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ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) Vpx is required for nuclear translocation of the viral preintegration complex (PIC) in quiescent cells. In order to decipher the mechanism of action of Vpx, a cDNA library was screened with the yeast two-hybrid assay, resulting in the identification of heat shock protein 40, Hsp40/DnaJB6, as a Vpx-interactive protein. Interaction with Vpx was confirmed by glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down and coimmunoprecipitation assays. Overexpression of Hsp40/DnaJB6 enhanced Vpx nuclear import, whereas overexpression of a nuclear localization mutant of Hsp40/DnaJB6 (H31Q) or down-regulation of Hsp40/DnaJB6 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced the nuclear import of Vpx. Hsp40/DnaJB6 competed with the Pr55Gag precursor protein for the binding of Vpx and incorporation into virus-like particles. Overexpression of Hsp40/DnaJB6 promoted viral PIC nuclear import, whereas siRNA down-regulation of Hsp40/DnaJB6 inhibited PIC nuclear import. These results demonstrate a role for Hsp40/DnaJB6 in the regulation of HIV-2 PIC nuclear transport.
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Sharma, Kusum, Taranum Sultana, Tanya E. S. Dahms, and Jo-Anne R. Dillon. "CcpN: a moonlighting protein regulating catabolite repression of gluconeogenic genes in Bacillus subtilis also affects cell length and interacts with DivIVA." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 66, no. 12 (December 2020): 723–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2020-0022.
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CcpN is a transcriptional repressor in Bacillus subtilis that binds to the promoter region of gapB and pckA, downregulating their expression in the presence of glucose. CcpN also represses sr1, which encodes a small noncoding regulatory RNA that suppresses the arginine biosynthesis gene cluster. CcpN has homologues in other Gram-positive bacteria, including Enterococcus faecalis. We report the interaction of CcpN with DivIVA of B. subtilis as determined using bacterial two-hybrid and glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays. Insertional inactivation of CcpN leads to cell elongation and formation of straight chains of cells. These findings suggest that CcpN is a moonlighting protein involved in both gluconeogenesis and cell elongation.
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Zhou, Qing, Limei Xu, Hui Li, Yi-Peng Qi, and Feng Yang. "Four Major Envelope Proteins of White Spot Syndrome Virus Bind To Form a Complex." Journal of Virology 83, no. 9 (February 11, 2009): 4709–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02360-08.
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ABSTRACT Early events in white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) morphogenesis, particularly the formation of viral membranes, are poorly understood. The major envelope proteins of WSSV are VP28, VP26, VP24, and VP19. Our previous results indicated that VP28 interacts with VP26 and VP24. In the present study, we used coimmunoprecipitation assays and pull-down assays to confirm that the four major proteins in the WSSV envelope can form a multiprotein complex. Yeast two-hybrid assays were also used to test for interactions among the four proteins. In summary, three pairwise protein interactions (VP19-VP28, VP19-VP24, and VP24-VP26) and one self-association (VP24-VP24) were identified for the first time.
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Ward, Brian M., and Bernard Moss. "Vaccinia Virus A36R Membrane Protein Provides a Direct Link between Intracellular Enveloped Virions and the Microtubule Motor Kinesin." Journal of Virology 78, no. 5 (March 1, 2004): 2486–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.5.2486-2493.2004.
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ABSTRACT Previous work demonstrated that intracellular enveloped vaccinia virus virions use microtubules to move from the site of membrane wrapping to the cell periphery. The mechanism and direction of intracellular virion movement predicted that viral proteins directly or indirectly interact with the microtubule motor protein kinesin. The yeast two-hybrid assay was used to test for interactions between the light chain of kinesin and the cytoplasmic tails from five viral envelope proteins. We found that the N-terminal tetratricopeptide repeat region of the kinesin light chain (KLC-TPR) interacted with the cytoplasmic tail of the viral A36R protein. A series of C- and N-terminal truncations of A36R further defined a region from residues 81 to 111 that was sufficient for interaction with KLC-TPR. Interactions were confirmed by using pull-down assays with purified glutathione S-transferase (GST)-A36R and 35S-labeled KLC-TPR. The defined region on A36R for interaction with kinesin overlaps the recently defined region (residues 91 to 111) for interaction with the A33R envelope protein. The yeast three-hybrid system was used to demonstrate that expression of A33R interrupted the interaction between A36R and KLC-TPR, indicating that the binding of A36R is mutually exclusive to either A33R or kinesin. Pull-down assays with purified GST-A36R and 35S-labeled KLC-TPR in the presence of competing A33R corroborated these findings. Collectively, these results demonstrated that the viral A36R protein interacts directly with the microtubule motor protein kinesin and that the viral protein A33R may regulate this interaction.
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Selvakumar, Dakshnamurthy, Marian J. Drescher, Nathan A. Deckard, Neeliyath A. Ramakrishnan, Barbara J. Morley, and Dennis G. Drescher. "Dopamine D1A directly interacts with otoferlin synaptic pathway proteins: Ca2+ and phosphorylation underlie an NSF-to-AP2mu1 molecular switch." Biochemical Journal 474, no. 1 (December 22, 2016): 79–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20160690.
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Dopamine receptors regulate exocytosis via protein–protein interactions (PPIs) as well as via adenylyl cyclase transduction pathways. Evidence has been obtained for PPIs in inner ear hair cells coupling D1A to soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) attachment protein receptor (SNARE)-related proteins snapin, otoferlin, N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF), and adaptor-related protein complex 2, mu 1 (AP2mu1), dependent on [Ca2+] and phosphorylation. Specifically, the carboxy terminus of dopamine D1A was found to directly bind t-SNARE-associated protein snapin in teleost and mammalian hair cell models by yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and pull-down assays, and snapin directly interacts with hair cell calcium-sensor otoferlin. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis, competitive pull-downs, and co-immunoprecipitation indicated that these interactions were promoted by Ca2+ and occur together. D1A was also found to separately interact with NSF, but with an inverse dependence on Ca2+. Evidence was obtained, for the first time, that otoferlin domains C2A, C2B, C2D, and C2F interact with NSF and AP2mu1, whereas C2C or C2E do not bind to either protein, representing binding characteristics consistent with respective inclusion or omission in individual C2 domains of the tyrosine motif YXXΦ. In competitive pull-down assays, as predicted by KD values from SPR (+Ca2+), C2F pulled down primarily NSF as opposed to AP2mu1. Phosphorylation of AP2mu1 gave rise to a reversal: an increase in binding by C2F to phosphorylated AP2mu1 was accompanied by a decrease in binding to NSF, consistent with a molecular switch for otoferlin from membrane fusion (NSF) to endocytosis (AP2mu1). An increase in phosphorylated AP2mu1 at the base of the cochlear inner hair cell was the observed response elicited by a dopamine D1A agonist, as predicted.
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Pandey, A. K., R. A. Mishra, and R. K. Nagaria. "Leakage Power Analysis of Domino XOR Gate." ISRN Electronics 2013 (January 15, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/271316.
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Two new XOR gates are proposed. First proposed circuits adopt hybrid transistor topology in the pull-down network with all transistors being low threshold voltages. A second proposed circuit adopts hybrid topology with dual threshold voltage transistors. Simulation parameters are measured at 25°C and 110°C. First proposed circuit reduces leakage power consumption up to 50% at 25°C and 58% at 110°C as compared to standard N-type domino XOR gate. It also reduces active mode power consumption by 14% as compared to standard N-type domino XOR gate. Similarly, second proposed circuit reduces leakage power consumption up to 73% at 25°C and 90% at 110°C as compared to standard N-type domino XOR gate. It also reduces active mode power consumption by 39% as compared to standard N-type domino XOR gate.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Two hybrid and pull-down"
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BAILÃO, Elisa Flávia Luiz Cardoso. "Análises in vivo e in vitro de interações intermoleculares da Beta-1,3- glicanosiltransferase 1 de Paracoccidioides brasiliensis." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/1282.
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Previous issue date: 2010-01-28The cell wall of pathogenic microbes acts as an initial barrier that is in contact with hostile environments. Besides functioning as a mechanical barrier, it harbours an immunogenic macromolecules arsenal. One of the ways that proteins can be associated to the cell wall, it is through GPI anchor. The hydrophobic C-terminal end of the β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase enzyme of the human pathogenic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is characteristic of GPI anchored proteins. The β-1,3-glucan assembling and rearrangement are essential since this molecule acts as a scaffold to support cell wall proteins and polysaccharides. In the thermodimorphic fungus P. brasiliensis, β-1,3-glucan is found predominantly in mycelium form and α-1,3-glucan is predominant in the yeast form. In this work, it was screened possible protein-protein interactions performed by β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase 1 of P. brasiliensis (PbGel1p). To obtain these results, a P. brasiliensis cDNA library was screened with PbGel1p using the Saccharomyces cerevisiae two hybrid system. In addition, pull-down assay was used as an in vitro complementary technique to isolate proteins that interact direct or indirectly with PbGel1p. It was screened 38 gene products using two hybrid system and it was identified 3 proteins using the pull-down assay associated with mass spectrometry. The PbGel1p role in the cell wall maintenance and remodeling was indicated through the analysis of screened interactions, like alpha-glucosides permease, acid phosphatase, GDSL lipase, septin, actin, tubulin, HSP90 and pyruvate kinase. Furthermore, nuclear localization of PbGel1p and its role in the locus-specific transcriptional silencing were suggested based on such interactions: Qde2 argonaute, transcription elongation factor spt6, others transcription factors and ATP-citrate synthase. Therefore, this study indicated, for the first time, that PbGel1p has multiple location and it participates either in roles classically described for glucanosyltransferases, as the cell wall remodeling, or in recently described functions for this family of proteins, as the locus-specific transcriptional silencing.
A parede celular de microrganismos patogênicos atua como uma barreira inicial no contato entre o parasito e o hospedeiro. Além de funcionar como uma barreira mecânica, ela abriga um arsenal de macromoléculas imunogênicas. Uma forma pela qual as proteínas estão associadas à parede celular é por meio de âncoras-GPI. A extremidade carboxila hidrofóbica da enzima β-1,3-glicanosiltransferase do fungo patogênico humano Paracoccidioides brasiliensis é característica de proteínas GPI-ancoradas. A montagem e o rearranjo de β-1,3- glicana são de fundamental importância porque esta molécula serve como um esqueleto sobre o qual outros polissacarídeos e proteínas da parede celular estão associados. No fungo termodimórfico P. brasiliensis, β-1,3-glicana é encontrada prioritariamente em micélio, sendo α-1,3-glicana predominante em levedura. Foram rastreadas neste trabalho possíveis interações proteína-proteína realizadas pela β-1,3-glicanosiltransferase 1 de P. brasiliensis (PbGel1p). Para isso utilizou-se a técnica de duplo-híbrido em Saccharomyces cerevisiae, rastreando-se uma biblioteca de cDNA do fungo P. brasiliensis com a enzima estudada. Adicionalmente, foi utilizado, como técnica complementar, o ensaio de pull-down, que isolou in vitro proteínas que interagem direta ou indiretamente com a PbGel1p. Foi possível rastrear 38 produtos gênicos através do sistema de duplo híbrido e isolar três proteínas pelo ensaio de pull-down, identificadas por espectrometria de massas. O papel da PbGel1p na manutenção e no remodelamento da parede celular do fungo foi indicado através da análise das interações rastreadas, como permease de α-glicosídeos, fosfatase ácida, lipase da família GDSL, septina, actina, tubulina, HSP90 e piruvato quinase. Além disso, foram sugeridos a localização da PbGel1p no núcleo das células do fungo e seu papel no silenciamento gênico mediado por alterações estruturais, por meio do rastreamento das seguintes proteínas ligantes a PbGel1p: argonauta Qde2, fator de alongamento transcricional spt6, outros fatores transcricionais e ATP-citrato sintase. Portanto, este estudo indicou, pela primeira vez, que PbGel1p tem localização múltipla e participa tanto de funções classicamente descritas para glicanosiltransferases, como o remodelamento da parede celular, quanto de funções recentemente descritas para essa família de proteínas, como o silenciamento transcricional sítio-específico.
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Frohnecke, Nora. "Funktionelle Charakterisierung des Ferredoxin Redoxsystems von Toxoplasma gondii." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19075.
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Toxoplasmose ist weltweit eine der am häufigsten auftretenden parasitären Zoonosen mit einer geschätzten Infektionsrate von über 30%. Toxoplasma gondii (Phylum: Apicomplexa) besitzt ein Plastid ähnliches Organell, den Apicoplasten. In diesem befindet sich das einzig bekannte Redoxsystem, welches aus der Ferredoxin-NADP+-Reduktase und Ferredoxin (Fd) besteht. Fd als Elektonendonator liefert Elektronen an verschiedene essentielle Stoffwechselwege, wie der Isoprenoidvorstufen- und Liponsäuresynthese. Um die bei einem Elektronentransfer benötigte direkte Protein-Protein-Interaktion eingehend zu analysieren, wurde ein bakterielles Reverse Two Hybrid System verwendet, womit die Interaktion von TgFd und TgLipA gezeigt werden konnte. Da angenommen wird, dass Fd eine zentrale Rolle in verschiedenen Stoffwechselwegen übernimmt, ist für einen Fd Knockout ein komplexer biochemischer Phänotyp zu erwarten, der möglicherweise zum Absterben der Parasiten führt. Zur Untersuchung dessen wurden zwei komplementäre Wege verfolgt. Eine der Strategien basierte auf dem grundsätzlichen Nachweis, dass Fd unerlässlich für das Überleben von T. gondii ist. Mit Hilfe des DiCre Systems sollte ein definierter genetischer Fd Knockout hergestellt werden, welcher jedoch nicht zweifelsfrei generiert werden konnte. Bei der zweiten Strategie kam ein konditionales Knockdown System zur Anwendung, bei welchem die Expression des Fd Gens nach Induktion herabreguliert wird. Mit Hilfe dessen konnten weitreichende Auswirkungen der Fd Defizienz auf T. gondii gezeigt werden: die Fettsäuresynthese der im Apicoplasten synthetisierten Fettsäuren ist reduziert sowie die Motilität durch eine beeinträchtigte Isoprenoidsynthese verringert, wodurch insgesamt drastische Auswirkungen auf das Parasitenwachstum gezeigt werden konnten. Beide Stoffwechsel sind vom Elektronendonator Fd abhängig und durch die Fd Herabregulation betroffen. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die essentielle Rolle des Fd-Redoxsystems von T. gondii.Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common parasitic zoonoses world-wide, around 30% of human beings are infected. Toxoplasma gondii (phylum: Apicomplexa) contains a unique intracellular organelle derived from plastids, called apicoplast. The only known redox system in the apicoplast consists of the ferredoxin NADP+-reductase and its redox partner, ferredoxin (Fd). The latter donates electrons to different essential metabolic pathways in the apicoplast like the last two enzymes of the isoprenoid precursor biosynthesis and the lipoic acid synthesis. To dissect protein protein interactions for an electron transfer a bacterial reverse two hybrid system was used. The physical interaction of both proteins TgFd and TgLipA could be shown. Fd is supposed to play an important role in diverse metabolic pathways, hence a knock-out of the Fd gene is expected to generate a complex biochemical phenotype and be lethal to the parasite. Therefore two complementary approaches were used to analyze the role of TgFd in this context. The first strategy shall verify the essentiality of TgFd for the survival of T. gondii. It is based on the DiCre system whereby a defined genetic knock out of TgFd is produced. Respectives parasites have been generated, but at the end no genetic Fd knock out could be produced. In the second approach a conditional knock-down was generated, where the expression of the TgFd gene is repressed after induction. The Fd deficiency has wide ranging effects on T. gondii: The fatty acid synthesis of the apicoplast-synthesized fatty acids is reduced as well as the motility is decreased due to an affected isoprenoid synthesis. In total this leads to a dramatic inhibition of parasite growth. Both metabolic pathways depend upon the electron carrier Fd and thus are affected by Fd deficiency. The results underline the essential role of the ferredoxin redoxsystem of T. gondii.
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Tavares, Lucas Alves. "O envolvimento da proteína adaptadora 1 (AP-1) no mecanismo de regulação negativa do receptor CD4 por Nef de HIV-1." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17136/tde-06012017-113215/.
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O Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV) é o agente etiológico da Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (AIDS). A AIDS é uma doença de distribuição mundial, e estima-se que existam atualmente pelo menos 36,9 milhões de pessoas infectadas com o vírus. Durante o seu ciclo replicativo, o HIV promove diversas alterações na fisiologia da célula hospedeira a fim de promover sua sobrevivência e potencializar a replicação. A rápida progressão da infecção pelo HIV-1 em humanos e em modelos animais está intimamente ligada à função da proteína acessória Nef. Dentre as diversas ações de Nef está a regulação negativa de proteínas importantes na resposta imunológica, como o receptor CD4. Sabe-se que esta ação resulta da indução da degradação de CD4 em lisossomos, mas os mecanismos moleculares envolvidos ainda são totalmente elucidados. Nef forma um complexo tripartite com a cauda citosólica de CD4 e a proteína adaptadora 2 (AP-2), em vesículas revestidas por clatrina nascentes, induzindo a internalização e degradação lisossomal de CD4. Pesquisas anteriores demonstraram que o direcionamento de CD4 aos lisossomos por Nef envolve a entrada do receptor na via dos corpos multivesiculares (MVBs), por um mecanismo atípico, pois, embora não necessite da ubiquitinação de carga, depende da ação de proteínas que compõem os ESCRTs (Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport) e da ação de Alix, uma proteína acessória da maquinaria ESCRT. Já foi reportado que Nef interage com subunidades dos complexos AP-1, AP-2, AP-3 e Nef não parece interagir com subunidades de AP-4 e AP-5. Entretanto, o papel da interação de Nef com AP-1 e AP-3 na regulação negativa de CD4 ainda não está totalmente elucidado. Ademais, AP-1, AP-2 e AP-3 são potencialmente heterogêneos devido à existência de isoformas múltiplas das subunidades codificadas por diferentes genes. Todavia, existem poucos estudos para demonstrar se as diferentes combinações de isoformas dos APs são formadas e se possuem propriedades funcionais distintas. O presente trabalho procurou identificar e caracterizar fatores celulares envolvidos na regulação do tráfego intracelular de proteínas no processo de regulação negativa de CD4 induzido por Nef. Mais especificamente, este estudo buscou caracterizar a participação do complexo AP-1 na modulação negativa de CD4 por Nef de HIV-1, através do estudo funcional das duas isoformas de ?-adaptina, subunidades de AP-1. Utilizando a técnica de Pull-down demonstramos que Nef é capaz de interagir com ?2. Além disso, nossos dados de Imunoblot indicaram que a proteína ?2-adaptina, e não ?1-adaptina, é necessária no processo de degradação lisossomal de CD4 por Nef e que esta participação é conservada para degradação de CD4 por Nef de diferentes cepas virais. Ademais, por citometria de fluxo, o silenciamento de ?2, e não de ?1, compromete a diminuição dos níveis de CD4 por Nef da membrana plasmática. A análise por imunofluorêsncia indireta também revelou que a diminuição dos níveis de ?2 impede a redistribuição de CD4 por Nef para regiões perinucleares, acarretando no acúmulo de CD4, retirados por Nef da membrana plasmática, em endossomos primários. A depleção de ?1A, outra subunidade de AP-1, acarretou na diminuição dos níveis celulares de ?2 e ?1, bem como, no comprometimento da eficiente degradação de CD4 por Nef. Além disso, foi possível observar que, ao perturbar a maquinaria ESCRT via super-expressão de HRS (uma subunidade do complexo ESCRT-0), ocorreu um acumulo de ?2 em endossomos dilatados contendo HRS-GFP, nos quais também detectou-se CD4 que foi internalizado por Nef. Em conjunto, os resultados indicam que ?2-adaptina é uma importante molécula para o direcionamento de CD4 por Nef para a via ESCRT/MVB, mostrando ser uma proteína relevante no sistema endo-lisossomal. Ademais, os resultados indicaram que as isoformas ?-adaptinas não só possuem funções distintas, mas também parecem compor complexos AP-1 com diferentes funções celulares, já que apenas a variante AP-1 contendo ?2, mas não ?1, participa da regulação negativa de CD4 por Nef. Estes estudos contribuem para o melhor entendimento dos mecanismos moleculares envolvidos na atividade de Nef, que poderão também ajudar na melhor compreensão da patogênese do HIV e da síndrome relacionada. Em adição, este trabalho contribui para o entendimento de processos fundamentais da regulação do tráfego de proteínas transmembrana no sistema endo-lisossomal.The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the etiologic agent of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). AIDS is a disease which has a global distribution, and it is estimated that there are currently at least 36.9 million people infected with the virus. During the replication cycle, HIV promotes several changes in the physiology of the host cell to promote their survival and enhance replication. The fast progression of HIV-1 in humans and animal models is closely linked to the function of an accessory protein Nef. Among several actions of Nef, one is the most important is the down-regulation of proteins from the immune response, such as the CD4 receptor. It is known that this action causes CD4 degradation in lysosome, but the molecular mechanisms are still incompletely understood. Nef forms a tripartite complex with the cytosolic tail of the CD4 and adapter protein 2 (AP-2) in clathrin-coated vesicles, inducing CD4 internalization and lysosome degradation. Previous research has demonstrated that CD4 target to lysosomes by Nef involves targeting of this receptor to multivesicular bodies (MVBs) pathway by an atypical mechanism because, although not need charging ubiquitination, depends on the proteins from ESCRTs (Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport) machinery and the action of Alix, an accessory protein ESCRT machinery. It has been reported that Nef interacts with subunits of AP- 1, AP-2, AP-3 complexes and Nef does not appear to interact with AP-4 and AP-5 subunits. However, the role of Nef interaction with AP-1 or AP-3 in CD4 down-regulation is poorly understood. Furthermore, AP-1, AP-2 and AP-3 are potentially heterogeneous due to the existence of multiple subunits isoforms encoded by different genes. However, there are few studies to demonstrate if the different combinations of APs isoforms are form and if they have distinct functional properties. This study aim to identify and characterize cellular factors involved on CD4 down-modulation induced by Nef from HIV-1. More specifically, this study aimed to characterize the involvement of AP-1 complex in the down-regulation of CD4 by Nef HIV-1 through the functional study of the two isoforms of ?-adaptins, AP-1 subunits. By pull-down technique, we showed that Nef is able to interact with ?2. In addition, our data from immunoblots indicated that ?2- adaptin, not ?1-adaptin, is required in Nef-mediated targeting of CD4 to lysosomes and the ?2 participation in this process is conserved by Nef from different viral strains. Furthermore, by flow cytometry assay, ?2 depletion, but not ?1 depletion, compromises the reduction of surface CD4 levels induced by Nef. Immunofluorescence microscopy analysis also revealed that ?2 depletion impairs the redistribution of CD4 by Nef to juxtanuclear region, resulting in CD4 accumulation in primary endosomes. Knockdown of ?1A, another subunit of AP-1, resulted in decreased cellular levels of ?1 and ?2 and, compromising the efficient CD4 degradation by Nef. Moreover, upon artificially stabilizing ESCRT-I in early endosomes, via overexpression of HRS, internalized CD4 accumulates in enlarged HRS-GFP positive endosomes, where co-localize with ?2. Together, the results indicate that ?2-adaptin is a molecule that is essential for CD4 targeting by Nef to ESCRT/MVB pathway, being an important protein in the endo-lysosomal system. Furthermore, the results indicate that ?-adaptins isoforms not only have different functions, but also seem to compose AP-1 complex with distinct cell functions, and only the AP-1 variant comprising ?2, but not ?1, acts in the CD4 down-regulation induced by Nef. These studies contribute to a better understanding on the molecular mechanisms involved in Nef activities, which may also help to improve the understanding of the HIV pathogenesis and the related syndrome. In addition, this work contributes with the understanding of primordial process regulation on intracellular trafficking of transmembrane proteins.
Books on the topic "Two hybrid and pull-down"
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von Sass, Hartmut, ed. Between / Beyond / Hybrid. DIAPHANES, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4472/9783035802108.
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This volume collects prominent voices in the debate on transdisciplinarity in a transdisciplinary manner. Its coincidence of content and form in presenting main papers and critical replies to them from a different discipline allows for a vivid discussion and new insights. These stylistically and thematically divergent contributions are linked by reservations about transdisciplinarity as an allround intellectual weapon and the conviction that its programmatic weight could be regained by approaching the subject from the margins—transdisciplinarity where it breaks down, fails, comes to an end. Unravelling transdisciplinarity’s contours by clarifying its limits.
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Ryan, Marie-Laure. Transmedia Storytelling as Narrative Practice. Edited by Thomas Leitch. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199331000.013.30.
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Chapter 30 defines transmedia storytelling as a hybrid of adaptation and transfictionality. Like the former, it involves several media; like the latter, it builds a storyworld through multiple narratives. Two types of transmedia storytelling are distinguished: top-down, the deliberate spreading of narrative content across multiple media; and bottom-up, the use of many media to develop a narrative originally conceived as mono-medial. If transmedia is to be a truly new mode of narration, it should proceed top-down, but actual examples are rare. The essay considers what kinds of phenomena can be regarded as transmedia storytelling; what are the relations between transmedia and interactivity; whether transmedia promote collective world creation; and whether the dispersion of content across multiple media is favorable or detrimental to the two basic elements of narrative: plot and storyworld.
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Hammond, Marlé. The Tale of al-Barrāq Son of Rawḥān and Laylā the Chaste. British Academy, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197266687.001.0001.
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This book is a bilingual edition and study of a lengthy specimen of pre-modern Arabic storytelling. The tale’s origins are unknown but it probably dates from the seventeenth century. As a sustained fairy tale of the knight-in-shining-armour-rescues-damsel-in-distress variety, it reads as fiction and was probably intended as such. However, scholars in the Arab renaissance or Nahḍa received the text as history. Its pre-Islamic protagonists, ever emoting in verse, were thus celebrated as some of the earliest Arabic poets. The Arabic text featured in the monograph is sourced from five manuscripts and three published editions, and it is modelled on what I call the ‘Christian’ branch of the tale, or that version of the tale which identifies its hero as a Christian and which was promulgated by Christian scholars and literati in the nineteenth century. Two analytical chapters frame the tale: an introductory chapter which charts the evolution of the narrative and its cultural import through to the end of the twentieth century, and a concluding chapter that breaks the story down into its components and compares its structure to both the ʿUdhrī love tale and the popular epic or sīra, thereby situating the text as a hybrid precursor to the modern novel.
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Orenstein, Mitchell A. The Lands in Between. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190936143.001.0001.
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Russia’s hybrid war on the West has begun to afflict Western politics in ways that are remarkably similar to its effects on the “lands in between,” small, vulnerable countries in Europe situated in between Russia and the European Union. While many in the West are only beginning to understand how hybrid war affects politics at home, Russia’s meddling in the 2016 US presidential elections and subsequent elections in Europe brought to the fore problems that front-line states had been dealing with for years. Their experiences hold important lessons. This book, written by a US expert on Europe with wide experience in the UK, France, Czechia, Poland, and Russia, shows how this conflict has deepened political polarization in the lands in between, forcing countries to face a “civilizational choice” between Russia and the European Union. Russia’s hybrid warfare techniques are designed to divide countries through funding extremist parties, spreading disinformation, and threatening military force. Meanwhile, the European Union has not backed down in its drive to create a “Europe whole and free,” composed of modern democracies integrated in the EU market. While countries are faced with a stark choice, paradoxically, the political leaders who rise to the top are not those who chart a clear direction for their countries, but cynical power brokers who find ways to profit from both sides. For Western readers, grasping this new politics of polarization and power brokers is necessary to understand our new politics of hybrid war.
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Boden, Margaret A. 4. Artificial neural networks. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199602919.003.0004.
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Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are made up of many interconnected units, each one capable of computing only one thing. ANNs have myriad applications, from playing the stock market and monitoring currency fluctuations to recognizing speech or faces. ANNs are parallel-processing virtual machines implemented on classical computers. They are intriguing partly because they are very different from the virtual machines of symbolic AI. Sequential instructions are replaced by massive parallelism, top-down control by bottom-up processing, and logic by probability. ‘Artificial neural networks’ considers the wider implications of ANNs and discusses parallel distributed processing (PDP), learning in neural networks, back-propagation, deep learning, and hybrid systems.
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Manzini, Francesco. Frenetic Romanticism. Edited by Paul Hamilton. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696383.013.8.
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Frenetic Romanticism developed as a specifically French hybrid form, tracing its lineage back to Bandello and Rosset, via such eighteenth-century intermediaries as Jacques Cazotte—the author ofLe Diable amoureux(1772), traditionally regarded as the first important example of theconte fantastique. However, it also derived from the more recent literary and historical models variously provided by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Sade, German Romanticism in its many forms, the English, Scottish, and Irish Gothic novel, Byron, Polidori, the Shelleys, and the French Revolutionaries, particularly the Jacobins. Frenetic Romanticism in all its various forms produces what Artaud refers to as a psychic phosphorescence that serves to break down psychic barriers. This made (and continues to make) Frenetic Romanticism appear profound and liberating to some, but extravagant and ephemeral to others.
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Barrett, James. The World of the Immigrant Worker. Edited by Ronald H. Bayor. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199766031.013.016.
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Working-class formation in the United States was considerably complicated by waves of immigration from the mid nineteenth century down to the present. In some cases, the ethnic differences lead to conflict, in others to “ethnically hybrid” cultures based on class. Labor and radical organizations often played an important role in acculturating late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century immigrant workers. The kind of ethic “niches” in earlier industrial occupational structures can also be found in the employment available to immigrants today. By the late twentieth century, union organization was also complicated by shifts in the occupational structure from manufacturing to service jobs, yet much of the meager growth in union organization in recent decades has come in service industries with heavy concentrations of immigrant workers.
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Thomas, Aled. Free Zone Scientology. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350182578.
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In this novel academic study, Aled Thomas analyses modern issues surrounding boundaries and fluidity in contemporary Scientology. By using the Scientologist practice of ‘auditing’ as a case study, this book explores the ways in which new types of ‘Scientologies’ can emerge. The notion of Free Zone Scientology is characterised by its horizontal structure, in contrast to the vertical-hierarchy of the institutional Church of Scientology. With this in mind, Thomas explores the Free Zone as an example of a developing and fluid religion, directly addressing questions concerning authority, leadership and material objects. This book, by maintaining a double-focus on the top-down hierarchy of the Church of Scientology and the horizontal-fluid nature of the Free Zone, breaks away from previous research on new religions, with have tended to focus either on new religions as indices of broad social processes, such as secularization or globalization, or as exemplars of exotic processes, such as charismatic authority and brainwashing. Instead, Thomas adopts auditing as a method of providing an in-depth case study of a new religion in transition and transformation in the 21st century. This opens the study of contemporary and new religions to a series of new questions around hybrid religions (sacred and secular), and acts as a framework for the study of similar movements formed in recent decades.
Book chapters on the topic "Two hybrid and pull-down"
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Ali, Jauhar, Madonna Dela Paz, and Christian John Robiso. "Advances in Two-Line Heterosis Breeding in Rice via the Temperature-Sensitive Genetic Male Sterility System." In Rice Improvement, 99–145. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66530-2_4.
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AbstractHybrid rice technology is a viable strategy to increase rice production and productivity, especially in countries with limited cultivable land for agriculture and irrigation water, along with costlier chemical inputs. The three-line hybrid rice technology adoption rate is slowing down because of restricted heterosis per se, the availability of better combining ability in cytoplasmic male sterile lines, lower hybrid seed reproducibility, and limited market acceptability of hybrids. Two-line heterosis breeding could overcome these shortcomings. However, the wide-scale adoption and use of two-line hybrid rice technology are possible through systematic research and breeding efforts to develop temperature-sensitive genetic male sterile (TGMS) lines with low (<24 °C) critical sterility temperature point, which is discussed in this chapter. Research on the genetics, breeding, grain quality, and resistance to insect pests and diseases for TGMS line development and physiological characterization is also discussed. In addition, the identification and validation of natural sites for TGMS self-seed multiplication and hybrid rice seed production through GIS mapping and climatic data analytical tools are also tackled. The development of high-yielding two-line rice hybrids and improvement in hybrid rice seed reproducibility could help in their wide-scale adoption.
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Kitao, Hiroyuki, and Minoru Takata. "Purification of tap-tagged proteins by two-step pull down from DT40 cells." In Subcellular Biochemistry, 409–13. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4896-8_36.
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Shrestha, Kshitij C., Takayoshi Aoki, Takaaki Konishi, Mitsuhiro Miyamoto, Jingyao Zhang, Noriyuki Takahashi, Phuntsho Wangmo, Takumi Aramaki, and Noboru Yuasa. "Full–Scale Pull–Down Tests on a Two–Storied Rammed Earth Building with Possible Strengthening Interventions." In RILEM Bookseries, 1557–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99441-3_167.
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van Doorn, Cees, and Theo Brinkel. "Deterrence, Resilience, and the Shooting Down of Flight MH17." In NL ARMS, 365–83. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-419-8_19.
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AbstractRussian disinformation has thus far proven to be unconvincing for most Dutch target audiences. This is the conclusion of the present chapter. Information and disinformation have become effective weapons in international politics. This is part of a development where the weapons and concepts used in deterrence strategies have moved away from the military domain toward the political, economic, humanitarian, and communicative ones. In western literature, this is called hybrid warfare. In recent literature on hybrid warfare, resilience is often considered a key theme which may boost deterrence against hybrid activities and/or lower their impact. Most research on resilience and security is focused on infrastructure and resource planning. In this chapter, however, we attempt to ascertain how the existence of resilience in society can be observed. By looking at the case of the Dutch reaction to the shooting down of flight MH17, we hope to illustrate how resilience works in deterrence to hybrid warfare. We try to establish how subversive Russian activities were taking place and what measures were taken by the Netherlands government in order to counteract them. We monitored societal resilience by looking for the presence of trust, social capital, and credible narratives in reaction to disinformation activities after a disruptive event. All these elements appeared to be present in the MH17 case. Overall, we conclude, the handling of the MH17 case has reinforced deterrence.
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Pezeshk, Sara. "Bio-Tile: An Intelligent Hybrid-Infrastructure." In Proceedings of the 2021 DigitalFUTURES, 80–91. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5983-6_8.
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AbstractBio-tile is a multipurpose artifact designed for protecting the coastline from erosion while creating a landscape element and an architectural experience for visitors. Bio-tile performs as a mitigation strategy to slow down erosion while promoting biodiversity. This paper describes the methodology used to develop the bio-tile as the nexus between digital and environmental for resolving coastline challenges through material tectonics. A non-linear algorithm and nature’s inherent code are used to develop the Bio-tile, a nature-based hybrid infrastructure. This approach aims to generate a performance-oriented design by using emergence theory to construct shoreline elements adaptive to climatic conditions.
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Manaysay, Ferth Vandensteen, and Jovanie Camacho Espesor. "Frictional Binaries: Hybridity, Civil Society, and Liberal-Local Peacebuilding in Mindanao." In Operationalisation of Hybrid Peacebuilding in Asia, 99–125. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67758-9_6.
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AbstractInternational and local civil society organisations have usually been identified amongst the key actors for the conceptual and practical development of liberal and post-liberal peace approaches. The concept of hybrid peacebuilding, for example, has highlighted the need to empower local civil society groups. Critics of the ‘local turn’ in peacebuilding, however, argue against the conceptual idealisation of hybridity. Using examples from Mindanao, this chapter contends that the debates on liberal-local hybridity can most meaningfully gain from asking questions not only about the processes of internationalisation and localisation, but also about the ways in which hybrid mechanisms are able to produce more or less stable outcomes. By turning into the agency of civil society actors, it suggests that the concept of hybridity, which is often represented using dichotomised categories (e.g. ‘liberal-international’ and ‘illiberal-local’), tends to oversimplify the conceptual intricacies and dynamic processes between top-down and bottom-up approaches. The analysis in the chapter aims to contribute to the discussions on hybridity by illustrating the manner civil society actors are able to negotiate their complexities within the frictional binaries of liberal ideas, institutions and resources vis-à-vis local practices, power relations and norms.
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Derrible, Sybil, Lynette Cheah, Mohit Arora, and Lih Wei Yeow. "Urban Metabolism." In Urban Informatics, 85–114. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8983-6_7.
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AbstractUrban metabolism (UM) is fundamentally an accounting framework whose goal is to quantify the inflows, outflows, and accumulation of resources (such as materials and energy) in a city. The main goal of this chapter is to offer an introduction to UM. First, a brief history of UM is provided. Three different methods to perform an UM are then introduced: the first method takes a bottom-up approach by collecting/estimating individual flows; the second method takes a top-down approach by using nation-wide input–output data; and the third method takes a hybrid approach. Subsequently, to illustrate the process of applying UM, a practical case study is offered using the city-state of Singapore as an exemplar. Finally, current and future opportunities and challenges of UM are discussed. Overall, by the early twenty-first century, the development and application of UM have been relatively slow, but this might change as more and better data sources become available and as the world strives to become more sustainable and resilient.
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Galison, Peter. "Structure of Crystal, Bucket of Dust." In Circles Disturbed. Princeton University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691149042.003.0002.
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This chapter advances the idea that every mathematical argument tells a story by focusing on the biographies of two pioneers: American physicist John Archibald Wheeler and the Bourbaki collective of young French mathematicians. Wheeler viewed mathematical arguments essentially as compound machines; his is a world where instructions pull dimensionality itself out of a Borel sets that he referred to as a “bucket of dust.” Whereas Wheeler's story is a set of linked machine-stories, a hybrid of discovery accounts, speculative machine-like functions and mechanisms, Bourbaki's account is a crystal of symbols. The chapter contrasts Wheeler's way of relating the narrative of mathematics with that of Bourbaki. In particular, it considers Wheeler's machine metaphor and its rejection by Bourbaki; his mathematical physics, and especially his views on gravitational collapse; and Bourbaki's “abstract package.”
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Olaitan, Oladipupo, Anna Rotondo, Paul Young, and John Geraghty. "On Designing Robust Kanban Production Control Strategies in Multiproduct Manufacturing Environments." In Handbook of Research on Design and Management of Lean Production Systems, 68–88. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-5039-8.ch004.
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In this chapter, two Kanban Allocation Policies, Shared (S-KAP) and Dedicated (D-KAP), are analysed to understand how they would perform under different manufacturing scenarios, and the authors identify the merits and demerits of each. To evaluate the performance, a three-stage two product system was simulated under scenarios that provide for different levels of demand variability for each product. When operated under S-KAP, the system contained less Work In Progress (WIP); however, under D-KAP, the system provided more robust service levels as the variability increased. Based on the results from the model, guidelines on how to effectively combine these two policies to achieve the benefits of both in a multiproduct manufacturing system are developed. By partitioning the system at locations that would suit the transformation from one policy to another in a similar fashion to what is obtained in hybrid push-pull strategies, and deploying the policies that match the dominant characteristics at each segment, gives reduced WIP while maintaining service levels.
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Gritli, Hassène, Nahla Khraief, and Safya Belghith. "Further Investigation of the Period-Three Route to Chaos in the Passive Compass-Gait Biped Model." In Handbook of Research on Advanced Intelligent Control Engineering and Automation, 279–300. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-7248-2.ch010.
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This chapter presents further investigations into the period-three route to chaos exhibited in the passive dynamic walking of the compass-gait biped robot as it goes down an inclined surface. This discovered kind of route in the passive bipedal locomotion was found to coexist with the conventional period-one passive hybrid limit cycle. The further analysis on the period-three route chaos is realized by means of the Lyapunov exponents and the fractal Lyapunov dimension. Numerical computation method of these two tools is presented. The first return Poincaré map of the chaotic attractor and its basin of attraction are presented. Furthermore, the further study of the period-three passive gait is realized. The analysis of the period-three hybrid limit cycle is given. The balance between the potential energy and the kinetic energy of the biped robot is illustrated. In addition, the basin of attraction of the period-three passive gait is also presented.
Conference papers on the topic "Two hybrid and pull-down"
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Lukasik, Konstanty, Pawel Barmuta, Troels Nielsen, Krzysztof Madziar, Dominique Schreurs, and Arkadiusz Lewandowski. "Hybrid load-pull system using a two-source nonlinear vector network analyzer." In 2015 Integrated Nonlinear Microwave and Millimetre-wave Circuits Workshop (INMMiC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/inmmic.2015.7330378.
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Chang, S. H. Mark, Yongming Cheng, Malcolm Vass, and Vincent Ledoux. "Hybrid Catenary Riser for Spar Application." In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57064.
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Porches or pull tubes are typically used as conventional hang-off systems for catenary risers suspended from spars. The Hybrid Catenary Riser (HCR) is a novel hang-off alternative to suspend risers from spars where conventional hang-off systems are not available. The HCR consists of a section of flexible pipe suspended from the spar deck and running down to a location about 120 ft below the keel, where it is connected to regular Steel Catenary Riser (SCR) pipe. The flexible pipe passes through intermediate guides in the spar structure, a receptacle protruding from the spar keel, a curved guide pipe attached to the receptacle, and exits a bend stiffener attached to the curved pipe. The curved guide pipe controls the riser departure angle. During pull-in, a bend stiffener connector (BSC) will lock the bend stiffener to the curved pipe while the flexible pipe slides freely through the bend stiffener allowing the pipe to be pulled up to the spar deck. Feasibility of the HCR configuration is verified through state-of-the-art computer modeling. Installation procedures are developed to demonstrate installability. This paper presents the concept in detail and identifies its technical and economic advantages.
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Yazdan, T., and B. Kwon. "Design and Analysis of a Two-phase BLDC Motor with Hybrid Permanent Magnet Material for Only-pull Drive Technique." In 2018 IEEE International Magnetic Conference (INTERMAG). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/intmag.2018.8508596.
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Jabir, M. V., N. Apurv Chaitanya, and G. K. Samanta. "Transfer of classical non-separable state to hybrid entangled two photon state in parametric down conversion process." In 2017 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe (CLEO/Europe) & European Quantum Electronics Conference (EQEC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleoe-eqec.2017.8087366.
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Yeh, P. C., P. Y. Chang, J. M. Yang, and D. Kordonowy. "The Effect of Damage on the Bonding Strength of Hybrid T-Joint Structures." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-85924.
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Adhesively co-bonded and co-cured structural joints are attractive for aircraft applications due to the potential reduction in weight and part count as compared to traditional mechanical joints. In this research, a damage tolerant structure using co-bonded hybrid T-joints was designed and manufactured for structural application on a remotely piloted aircraft. The T-joint structure was constructed from GLAss fiber REinforced aluminum laminates (GLARE) 4-2/1 skin, carbon fiber composite web, and three-dimensional woven glass fiber fabric Pi-preform in a co-bonded/co-cured process. The goal of this research is to demonstrate the damage tolerance, structural capability, and ancillary benefits of the co-bonded T-joint. In order to evaluate the structural design and investigate the strength of manufactured T-joint, experiments such as pull-out tests were performed. Additionally, the T-joint was manufactured and tested with defects inserted intentionally within the co-bonded interface between the GLARE and Pi-preform at two locations: a) underneath the vertical woven carbon composite web, and b) along the edge of the glass fiber Pi-preform and the GLARE flange. Pull-out tests showed the effect of intentionally inserted defects on the strength of the co-bonded T-joint structure. The benefit of co-bonded joints featuring damage tolerant skins and high strength composite webs has been demonstrated.
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Tang, Tianning, Ye Li, Harry B. Bingham, and Thomas A. A. Adcock. "Comparison of Two Versions of the MNLS With the Full Water Wave Equations." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18919.
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Abstract Versions of the non-linear Schrödinger equation are frequently used for modelling the non-linear propagation of water waves. In this paper, we compare two models against the results of fully non-linear numerical simulations. We consider uni-directional versions of the non-linear Schrödinger equation of Dysthe et al. with the hybrid model of Trulsen et al. The model of Trulsen et al. is shown to have clear advantages in all situations considered including modelling wave crest statistics for highly non-linear cases. However, for very broad bandwidths this model does start to break down, presumably due to the inherent limitation of the envelope representation of water waves. This in turn leads to a small, non-physical, leakage of energy in nonlinear simulations, although, this leakage is much smaller than for the version with 5th order linear dispersion relationship.
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Simons, Luuk PA, Mark A. Neerincx, and Catholijn M. Jonker. "Health Literature Hybrid AI for Health Improvement; A Design Analysis for Diabetes & Hypertension." In Digital Support from Crisis to Progressive Change. University of Maribor Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-485-9.14.
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Increasingly, front runner patients and practitioners want to use state-of-the-art science for rapid lifestyle based cure of diseases of affluence. However, the number of new health studies per year (>500.000) is overwhelming. How to quickly assess state-of-the-art and use new opportunities for rapid patient DIY (Do-It-Yourself) health improvement? In order to develop a health literature hybrid AI to aid DIY rapid health improvement, we analyze user side functional requirements. A cross case design analysis is conducted for hypertension and T2D (Type 2 Diabetes), two major cardiometabolic conditions in our society. Our analysis shows that current DIY health support is ‘watered down’ advise, prone to medicalizing rather than empowering patients. We propose hybrid AI user requirements and discuss how a 2030 hybrid AI health support system can stimulate new ways of working in health and cure.
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Schonewald, Roger W. "Turbo-Machinery Requirements for Practical SOFC – Gas Turbine Hybrid Systems." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-69127.
Full textAbstract:
The integration of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and a gas turbine is a marriage of two otherwise disparate power generation technologies with the potential for significant efficiency and emissions benefits. This requires consideration of the integrated system with unique impacts to the design of both components. Gas turbines for such systems will be different from today’s heavy-duty gas turbines and require a modified mind set in their design approach. This paper explores gas turbines that will be required for integrated SOFC gas turbine power generation systems, the resulting gas turbine cycle, technology flow-down from today’s gas turbines, and economic considerations.
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Chakrabarti, Partha, Sanjay P. Joshi, and Manoj K. Maiti. "Pull-Down Analysis of Jack-Up Rigs." In ASME 2007 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2007-29083.
Full textAbstract:
During demobilization of jack-up rigs, when the rig’s legs are stuck in the seabed due to resistance from the surrounding soil, the hull is lowered more than the neutrally buoyant condition to draw the legs up. This operation of pulling down the hull to provide net upward buoyancy force to extricate the legs is called ‘pull-down’ operation. The hull, being partly underwater, attracts considerable wave forces even during relatively calm weather. Due to the changing support condition at bottom of the leg, while it is being extricated, the natural period of the system changes continuously. The dynamic amplification may be high when the wave periods are close to the natural periods of the structure. This makes it imperative to consider dynamic analyses of the rig. A unique but simplified ‘pull-down’ analysis procedure is developed in this study considering the harmonic wave forces, added mass of the hull in water, boundary condition of the legs in soil, and distributed buoyancy springs under the hull. Wave excitation loads and added mass for the hull are computed using diffraction-radiation analysis of the hull in water. A number of steady state dynamic analyses of the complete jack-up rig structural model have been performed for a range of wave periods, water depths, and drafts of the hull. Three different bottom boundary condition scenarios have been considered — three legs supported, one leg free but two legs still stuck in soil, and two legs free but one leg still stuck. The static and the dynamic load cases are combined to get the maximum effects on the stresses of the leg members. Using this procedure the allowable safe wave heights are predicted for a range of wave periods for a particular water depth, and draft of the hull. Results are presented for one class of jack up rig. The results show that the leg stresses are strongly dependent on the wave periods, indicating the importance of including dynamic effects in the pull-down analysis.
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Cuneo, Alessandra, Alberto Traverso, and Aristide F. Massardo. "Compressor Instability Analysis Within an Hybrid System Subject to Cycle Uncertainties." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-76504.
Full textAbstract:
The transient/dynamic modeling of energy systems can be used for different purposes. Important information can be obtained and used for the design phase. The control system and strategies can be safely tested on transient/dynamic models in simulation, increasing the confidence during experimental phase. Furthermore, these models can be used to acquire useful information for safety case. The analysis of energy systems in dynamic conditions is generally performed considering fixed values for both geometrical and operational parameters such as volumes, orifices, but also initial temperatures, pressure, etc. However, such characteristics are often subject to uncertainty, either because they are not known accurately or because they may depend on the operating conditions at the beginning of the relevant transient. With focus on a micro-gas turbine fuel cell hybrid system, compressor surge may or may not occur during transients, depending on the aforementioned cycle characteristics; hence compressor surge events are affected by uncertainty. In this paper, a stochastic analysis was performed taking into account an emergency shut-down in a fuel cell gas turbine hybrid system, modelled with TRANSEO, a deterministic tool for the transient and dynamic simulations of energy systems. The aim of the paper is to identify the main parameters that impact on compressor surge margin. The stochastic analysis was performed through the RSA (Response Sensitivity Analysis) method, a sensitivity-based approximation approach that overcomes the computational burden of sampling methods such as MCS (Monte-Carlo Simulation). The results show that the minimum surge margin occurs in two different ranges of rotational speed: a high-speed range and a low-speed range, the latter being more sensitive for surge occurrence. The temperature and geometrical characteristic of the outer pressure vessel, where the fuel cell is installed, are the two main parameters that affect the surge margin during an emergency shut down.