Academic literature on the topic 'Two illuminations'
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Journal articles on the topic "Two illuminations"
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Liu, Chun, Shoujun Jia, Hangbin Wu, Doudou Zeng, Fanjin Cheng, and Shuhang Zhang. "A Spatial-Frequency Domain Associated Image-Optimization Method for Illumination-Robust Image Matching." Sensors 20, no. 22 (2020): 6489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20226489.
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Image matching forms an essential means of data association for computer vision, photogrammetry and remote sensing. The quality of image matching is heavily dependent on image details and naturalness. However, complex illuminations, denoting extreme and changing illuminations, are inevitable in real scenarios, and seriously deteriorate image matching performance due to their significant influence on the image naturalness and details. In this paper, a spatial-frequency domain associated image-optimization method, comprising two main models, is specially designed for improving image matching with complex illuminations. First, an adaptive luminance equalization is implemented in the spatial domain to reduce radiometric variations, instead of removing all illumination components. Second, a frequency domain analysis-based feature-enhancement model is proposed to enhance image features while preserving image naturalness and restraining over-enhancement. The proposed method associates the advantages of the spatial and frequency domain analyses to complete illumination equalization, feature enhancement and naturalness preservation, and thus acquiring the optimized images that are robust to the complex illuminations. More importantly, our method is generic and can be embedded in most image-matching schemes to improve image matching. The proposed method was evaluated on two different datasets and compared with four other state-of-the-art methods. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method outperforms other methods under complex illuminations, in both matching performances and practical applications such as structure from motion and multi-view stereo.
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Sharma, D., NK Tripathy, V. Raghunandan, and BM Sekhar. "Visual acuity through Night Vision Goggles (NVGs): A comparative assessment between Gen 2++ and Gen 3 NVGs under different illumination conditions." Indian Journal of Aerospace Medicine 65 (August 6, 2021): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/ijasm_15_2021.
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Introduction: During night flying operations, Night Vision Goggles (NVGs) help the aircrew to visualize by intensifying lights reflected from an object. Night sky illumination and image intensification mechanism are the two important factors that affect visual acuity (VA) through NVG. Hence, assessment of visual acuity through Gen 2++ and Gen 3 NVG under different illumination conditions and comparative analysis between the two NVGs was the desired objective of the study. Material and Methods: In a prospective repetitive measure design, a total of 60 volunteered subjects were examined for their VA through Gen 2++ and Gen 3 NVGs using USAF Tri-Bar Chart in the eye lane room of the NVG Lab. The VA was measured under four different illumination conditions; full moon (FM), half moon (HF)quarter moon (QM), and starlight (SL) conditions. The measured VA was converted to logMAR values and analyzed. Results: VA deteriorated significantly with decreasing illuminations through both Gen 2++ (χ2 = 149.9, P < 0.001) and Gen 3 NVGs (χ2 = 156.5, P < 0.001). For Gen 2++ NVG, the difference in VA was statistically significant in all conditions other than between FM and HM. Whereas, it was almost significant for all illumination conditions for Gen 3 NVG. The VA through Gen 2++ was better than Gen 3 in all conditions and the difference in VA widened with decreasing illuminations. Conclusion: VA declined with decreasing illuminations for Gen 2++ as well as Gen 3 NVG, even though, the difference was not significant between FM and HM for Gen 2++ NVG. VA was observed to be consistently better through Gen 2++ NVG compared to Gen 3 across all four illumination conditions. However, keeping in view the dynamic changes in night sky illuminations during flying operations, the findings of the study need to be validated in operational conditions.
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Zhang, Zheng, Guozhi Song, and Jigang Wu. "A Novel Two-Stage Illumination Estimation Framework for Expression Recognition." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/565389.
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One of the critical issues for facial expression recognition is to eliminate the negative effect caused by variant poses and illuminations. In this paper a two-stage illumination estimation framework is proposed based on three-dimensional representative face and clustering, which can estimate illumination directions under a series of poses. First, 256 training 3D face models are adaptively categorized into a certain amount of facial structure types byk-means clustering to group people with similar facial appearance into clusters. Then the representative face of each cluster is generated to represent the facial appearance type of that cluster. Our training set is obtained by rotating all representative faces to a certain pose, illuminating them with a series of different illumination conditions, and then projecting them into two-dimensional images. Finally the saltire-over-cross feature is selected to train a group of SVM classifiers and satisfactory performance is achieved when estimating a number of test sets including images generated from 64 3D face models kept for testing, CAS-PEAL face database, CMU PIE database, and a small test set created by ourselves. Compared with other related works, our method is subject independent and has less computational complexityO(C×N)without 3D facial reconstruction.
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Herawati, Asmida, Hui-Ching Lin, Shun-Hsiang Chan, Ming-Chung Wu, Tsong-Shin Lim, and Forest Shih-Sen Chien. "Photon-induced deactivations of multiple traps in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite films by different photon energies." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 23, no. 18 (2021): 10919–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp00974e.
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Two types of electron traps were identified in MAPbI<sub>3</sub> perovskite; one can be deactivated by 633 nm and 405 nm illuminations, whereas the other one only by 405 nm illumination. The energy levels of both traps were beneath the conduction band minimum.
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Zhekov, Zhivko. "REMOVAL OF SIDE ILLUMINATION IN THE IMAGE PLANE IN TWO-MIRROR PANCRATYC SYSTEM FOR COLLIMATOR." Journal Scientific and Applied Research 20, no. 1 (2020): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.46687/jsar.v20i1.298.
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The specifics of certain tasks, which are solved by a collimator, as well as the large amounts of light losses in the optic materials which are used in the shortwave and longwave range of the optical specter require the development of mirror and mirror-lens systems. An advantage of these systems is the increased light transmission, small length and the possibility to correct the chromatic abberations. It should only be noted that in the two-component pancratyc systems with reflecting planes with constant optic characteristics there is a danger of illumination of the image plane by side rays – side illuminations. In two-mirror pancratyc system for a collimator it is necessary to exclude illumination of the image plane throughout the whole range of the components movement. In the development process formulas are derived and schemes are presented which help the vizualization when calculating the diaphragm in front of two-mirror pancratyc system and calculation of diaphragm which is located between the components of two-mirror pancratyc system. The results from the calculations of a diaphragm for two-mirror pancratyc system are presented in tables. The results from research of the diaphragms for two-mirror pancratyc sysmem make us conclude that the second method of preventing the image plane from side illuminations is the preferred one. It ensured smaller sized and less change in the diaphragm length.
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Jakobsson, Torbjörn, Sten Sture Bergström, Karl-Arne Gustafsson, and Elena Fedorovskaya. "Ambiguities in Colour Constancy and Shape from Shading." Perception 26, no. 4 (1997): 531–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p260531.
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A new visual phenomenon—called the AMBEGUJAS phenomenon—is presented, together with some descriptive data from two initial exploratory experiments. The phenomenon is basically one of shape from shading, but ambiguous as to both shape and colour. There are two spontaneously alternating and mutually exclusive perceived 3-D shapes, and—as the most surprising observation—the colour impressions of these two shapes are markedly different. The stimulus situation is very simple with two differently coloured illuminations (with sharp edges) adjacently cast onto a flat, grey striped surface. In one 3-D shape almost the whole chromatic content disappears, and the surface goes towards its veridically grey colour. In the other the perceived object assumes the two illumination colours as clear surface colours. The decolorised percept is interpreted as a striking example of colour constancy: a perceptual solution with the classical ‘discounting of the illuminant’. Experiments show that the phenomenon is robust and appears in varying display layouts and different combinations of chromatic illuminations.
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Dwiadmojo, Ghis Nggar, Hesti Mulyani, Venny Indria Ekowati, and Doni Dwi Hartanto. "Exploration of The Meaning of Animal Figures in The Illumination of The Jayalengkara Wulang Jav 24 Manuscript." JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES SOCIAL SCIENCES AND BUSINESS (JHSSB) 4, no. 1 (2024): 56–65. https://doi.org/10.55047/jhssb.v4i1.1399.
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This research aims to investigate the significance of the interpretation of the animal element in the manuscript Jav 24, which contains the text Jayalengkara Wulang, and its relevance to the main doctrine of Javanese leadership, namely Asta Brata. This investigation involves qualitative research using the hermeneutic phenomenological approach of Paul Ricouer. This study limits the interpretation to the illumination elements depicting three animals, namely elephants, lions and crocodiles. As an illuminating element in the text, the elephant represents strength, the lion represents protection from disturbances from the land, and the crocodile represents protection from disturbances from the water. In other words, the animal images as enlightenment elements in this text represent strength and protection. Strength and protection are two of the eight most important Javanese leadership teachings summarized in Asta Brata. Illumination is another manifestation of text so that there is a message contained in this illumination. In order for the message manifested in this illumination to reach the reader, it is necessary to present these illuminations in a more popular form.
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Kostianev, S., and D. Iluchev. "Two-Dimensional Oxygen Map For Graphic Representation of Different Hypoxic Conditions." Advances in Physiology Education 27, no. 4 (2003): 242–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00035.2003.
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As educators, we are continually designing new methods and procedures to enhance learning. During this process, good ideas are frequently generated and tested, but the extent of such activities may not be adequate for a full manuscript. Nonetheless, the ideas may be quite beneficial in improving the teaching and learning of physiology. Illuminations is a column designed to facilitate the sharing of these ideas (illuminations). The format of submissions is quite simple: a succinct description of about one or two double-spaced pages (less title and authorship) of something you have used for the classroom, teaching, lab, conference room, etc. You may include one or two simple figures or references. Submit ideas for inclusion in Illuminations directly to the Associate Editor in charge, Stephen DiCarlo (sdicarlo@med.wayne.edu).
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Richardson, Daniel. "Submitting illuminations for review." Advances in Physiology Education 26, no. 2 (2002): 133–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00009.2002.
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As educators, we are continually designing new methods and procedures to enhance learning. During this process, good ideas are frequently generated and tested, but the extent of such activities may not be adequate for a full manuscript. Nonetheless, the ideas may be quite beneficial in improving the teaching and learning of physiology. Illuminations is a column designed to facilitate the sharing of these ideas (illuminations). The format of submissions is quite simple: a succinct description of about one or two double-spaced pages (less title and authorship) of something you have used for the classroom, teaching, lab, conference room, etc. You may include one or two simple figures or references. Submit ideas for inclusion in Illuminations directly to the Associate Editor in charge, Stephen DiCarlo ( dicarlo@med.wayne.edu ).
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Rodenbaugh, David W., Heidi L. Collins, and Stephen E. Dicarlo. "SUBMITTING ILLUMINATIONS FOR REVIEW." Advances in Physiology Education 26, no. 3 (2002): 222–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00018.2002.
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As educators, we are continually designing new methods and procedures to enhance learning. During this process, good ideas are frequently generated and tested, but the extent of such activities may not be adequate for a full manuscript. Nonetheless, the ideas may be quite beneficial in improving the teaching and learning of physiology. Illuminations is a column designed to facilitate the sharing of these ideas (illuminations). The format of submissions is quite simple: a succinct description of about one or two double-spaced pages (less title and authorship) of something you have used for the classroom, teaching, lab, conference room, etc. You may include one or two simple figures or references. Submit ideas for inclusion in Illuminations directly to the Associate Editor in charge, Stephen DiCarlo (sdicarlo@med.wayne.edu).
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Two illuminations"
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Bartos, Krzysztof Mirosław. "Efficient LED drivers for general illumination applications." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14575.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrónica e Telecomunicações<br>The ever growing energy consumption trends and its impact on the environment has triggered worldwide attention. This has motivated several measures, such as the Kyoto protocol, or the 20 20 20 European strategy, aiming at the reduction of energy consumption. Globally, these measures defend a better and efficient usage of the available energy. This in turn is strongly linked to public awareness and the introduction of efficient electronic equipment. Public street lighting is a good example of these trends, where both aspects are of the utmost importance. The introduction of power LEDs as future lighting devices has motivated several advances coping with these strategies. On one side, LEDs are able to deliver higher efficiency when compared to conventional lighting devices. This has triggered the replacement of old style luminaires by LED based ones. However, their high cost has prevented full adoption and at the present stage, is acting as a slowing down force against this replacement trend. Better solutions are under research on the framework of several European projects.
Power LEDs are solid-state devices able to support fast switching, a feature which was not fully supported by conventional lighting devices. Combining this feature with environmental sensing and intelligent control may lead to better power savings. A simple approach would be to consider the that the actual lighting demands depend on the street usage and surrounding lighting levels. For this purpose, the combination of twilight sensors, motion detectors and intelligent control schemes may provide a suitable approach. This way, the real lighting demands can be effectively taken into consideration, providing luminaires able to consume the least possible energy. For this to become a reality several challenges have to be addressed. One of the most important challenges is the LED driver design.
Modern lighting systems based on LEDs, replace the traditional ballasts by LED drivers. When efficiency is a major concern, such as in public street lighting, these drivers have to be designed in order to be the most robust and efficient as possible. Recurring solutions resort to switched mode power supplies, able to support light dimming. One of the major problems with these drivers is the fact that their efficiency decreases for lower dimming levels. This is of the utmost importance for public street lighting, as most of the time during night, the luminaires are on a low lighting level (as changes to high lighting conditions depend on street usage). Thus, in order to promote better power savings, the efficiency of the driver should be high for both lighting conditions. Commercially available drivers, exhibit efficiencies on the 90% range for the high lighting conditions, with only 40% to 60% under the low lighting. On the framework of this master dissertation it was investigated the problem of LED driver design aiming at the highest possible uniformity of the efficiency curve, under different loading and dimming conditions. The selected approach was based on quasi-resonant flyback converter, backed up by an active power factor correcting block. The designed driver supports remote configuration and monitoring as well as sensor integration. The archived results show that this driver achieves a peak efficiency of 93% under maximum load and 100% duty-cycle. The efficiency for low dimming conditions (10% duty-cycle) achieves 75%.<br>As tendências de consumo de energia cada vez maior e seu impacto sobre o meio ambiente tem captado a atenção a nível mundial. Isso tem motivado várias medidas, tais como o Protocolo de Quioto, ou a estratégia Europeia 20 20 20, visando a redução do consumo de energia. Globalmente, estas medidas defendem um uso melhor e eficiente da energia disponível. Este, por sua vez, está fortemente ligado à consciência pública e à introdução de equipamento eletrónico eficiente. A iluminação pública é um bom exemplo dessas tendências, em que ambos os aspetos são de extrema importância. A introdução de LEDs como dispositivos de iluminação tem motivado vários avanços que lidam com essas estratégias. De um lado, os LEDs são capazes de oferecer uma maior eficiência quando comparados com dispositivos de iluminação convencionais. Isso provocou a substituição de luminárias convencionais por luminárias baseadas em LED. No entanto, o custo elevado destes dispositivos tem impedido a adoção plena e na fase atual, está mesmo a atuar como uma força negativa contra esta tendência de substituição. Melhores soluções estão sob investigação no âmbito de vários projetos europeus.
Os LEDs são dispositivos de estado sólido, capazes de suportar a comutação rápida, uma característica que não é totalmente suportada por dispositivos de iluminação convencionais. Combinando esta característica com sensores ambientais e controlo inteligente pode-se ambicionar melhores poupanças energéticas. Uma abordagem simples seria a de considerar o que as exigências de iluminação reais dependem do uso das ruas e os níveis de iluminação circundantes. Para este efeito, a combinação de sensores de crepúsculo, detetores de movimento e regimes de controlo inteligentes podem propiciar uma abordagem adequada. Desta forma, os requisitos reais de iluminação podem ser efetivamente considerados, fornecendo luminárias capazes de consumir apenas a energia necessária. Para que isto se torne uma realidade vários desafios têm de ser vencidos. Um dos desafios mais importantes é o projeto LED driver. Nos sistemas de iluminação modernos baseados em LEDs, substitui-se os balastros convencionais por LED drivers. Quando a eficiência é importante, como no caso da iluminação pública, O LED driver têm de ser concebido de forma a ser o mais robusto e eficiente possível. Soluções recorrentes usam a fontes de alimentação comutadas, capazes de suportar o escurecimento adaptativo do fluxo luminoso. Um dos problemas principais no projeto destes drivers é o facto de a sua eficiência diminuir para níveis de regulação mais baixos. Isto é de extrema importância para a iluminação pública, pois na maioria dos casos durante a noite, as luminárias estão num nível de iluminação de baixo. Assim, com a finalidade de promover uma melhor economia de energia, a eficiência do driver deve ser elevada para ambas as condições de iluminação. Drivers comercialmente disponíveis, exibem eficácias na gama de 90% com elevado fluxo luminoso, e apenas 40% a 60% na condição de baixo fluxo luminoso. No âmbito desta dissertação de mestrado foi investigado o problema do projeto de driver LED visando a maior uniformidade possível da curva de eficiência, sob diferentes condições de carga e de fluxo luminoso. A abordagem escolhida foi baseada no conversor flyback quasi-ressonante, apoiado por um bloco de correção de fator de potência ativa. O driver projetado suporta configuração e monitorização remota, bem como de integração de sensores. Os resultados alcançados mostram que este driver atinge um pico de eficiência de 93% na condição de carga máxima e máximo fluxo luminoso. A eficiência em condições de baixo fluxo luminoso é superior a 75%.
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Codega, Paolo. "Prolonged illumination up-regulates arrestin and two GCAPs: a novel mechanism for light adaptation." Doctoral thesis, SISSA, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11767/4644.
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Pérez, Cazorla Frederic. "Global illumination techniques for the computation of hight quality images in general environments." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6640.
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The objective of this thesis is the development of algorithms for the simulation of the light transport in general environments to render high quality still images. To this end, first we have analyzed the existing methods able to render participating media, more concretely those that account for multiple scattering within the media. Next, we have devised a couple of two pass methods for the computation of those images. For the first step we have proposed algorithms to cope with the scenes we want to deal with. The second step uses the coarse solution of the first step to obtain the final rendered image.<br/>The structure of the dissertation is briefly presented below.<br/>In the first chapter the motivation of the thesis and its objectives are discussed. It also summarizes the contributions of the thesis and its organization.<br/>In the second chapter the principles of global illumination for general environments are reviewed, with the most important equations---the rendering equation and the transport equation---whose solution constitutes the global illumination problem. In order to solve the global illumination problem, a certain number of multi-pass methods exist. Their objective is to be able to skip restrictions on the number of types of light paths that could be dealt with a single technique, or increase efficiency and/or accuracy. We have opted to follow this philosophy, and a pair of two pass methods have been developed for general environments.<br/>The third chapter includes the study of the methods that perform the single scattering approximation, and also the study of the ones that take into account multiple scattering.<br/>The fourth chapter is devoted to our first pass method, which computes a rough estimate of the global illumination. Knowing the benefits of hierarchical approaches, two concrete algorithms based on hierarchies have been extended to be more generic: Hierarchical Radiosity with Clustering and Hierarchical Monte Carlo Radiosity.<br/>Our second pass is considered in the next chapter. Using the coarse solution obtained by the first pass, our second pass computes a high quality solution from a given viewpoint. Radiances and source radiances are estimated using Monte Carlo processes in the context of path tracing acceleration and also for final gather. Probability density functions (PDFs) are created at ray intersection points. For such a task, we initially used constant basis functions for the directional domain. After realizing of their limitations we proposed the Link Probabilities (LPs), which are objects with adaptive PDFs in the links-space.<br/>In order to take advantage of the effort invested for the construction of the LPs, we have devised two closely related progressive sampling strategies. In the second pass, instead of sampling each pixel individually, only a subset of samples is progressively estimated across the image plane. Our algorithms are inspired by the work of Michael D. McCool on anisotropic diffusion using conductance maps.<br/>The final chapter presents the conclusions of the thesis. Also possible lines of further research are suggested.<br>El objetivo de esta tesis es el desarrollo de algoritmos para la simulación del transporte de la luz en los entornos genéricos para generar imágenes de la alta calidad. Con este fin, primero hemos analizado los métodos existentes capaces de visualizar medios participativos, más concretamente los que tienen en cuenta la dispersión múltiple en los medios. Después, hemos ideado un par de métodos de dos pasos para el cómputo de esas imágenes. Para el primer paso hemos propuesto algoritmos que hacen frente a las escenas que deseamos tratar. El segundo paso utiliza la solución aproximada del primer paso para obtener la imagen final. <br/>La estructura de la disertación se presenta brevemente en lo que sigue.<br/>En el primer capítulo se discuten la motivación de la tesis y sus objetivos. También se resumen las contribuciones de la tesis y su organización. <br/>En el segundo capítulo se repasan los principios de la iluminación global para los ambientes genéricos, con las ecuaciones-más importantes (la ecuación de rendering y la ecuación de transporte) cuya solución constituye el problema global de iluminación. Para solucionar el problema global de iluminación, cierto número de métodos de múltiples pasos existen. Su objetivo es poder eliminar restricciones en el número de tipos de caminos de luz que se podrían tratar con una sola técnica, o aumentar su eficacia y/o exactitud. Hemos optado seguir esta filosofía, desarrollando un par de métodos de dos pasos para entornos genéricos.<br/>El tercer capítulo incluye el estudio de los métodos que utilizan la aproximación de dispersión simple, y también el estudio de los que consideran la dispersión múltiple.<br/>El cuarto capítulo está dedicado a nuestro método de primer paso, que computa un cálculo aproximado de la iluminación global. Conociendo las ventajas de los métodos jerárquicos, dos algoritmos concretos basados en jerarquías se han ampliado para ser más genéricos: radiosidad jerárquica con clustering y radiosidad jerárquica usando Monte Carlo. Nuestro segundo paso se considera en el capítulo siguiente. Usando la solución aproximada obtenida por el primer paso, el segundo paso computa una solución de la alta calidad para un punto de vista dado. Se estiman las radiancias usando procesos de Monte Carlo en el contexto de la aceleración de trazadores de rayos y también para final gather. Las funciones de densidad de probabilidad (PDFs) se crean en los puntos de interacción de los rayos. Para tal tarea, utilizamos inicialmente funciones constantes como base para el dominio direccional. Después de comprender sus limitaciones, propusimos establecer probabilidades directamente sobre los enlaces (link probabilities, o LPs), usando objetos con PDFs adaptativos en el espacio de los enlaces.<br/>Para aprovechar el esfuerzo invertido en la construcción de los LPs, hemos ideado dos estrategias de muestreo progresivas. En el segundo paso, en vez de muestrear cada pixel individualmente, solamente se estima progresivamente un subconjunto de muestras a través del plano de imagen. Nuestros algoritmos han sido inspirados en el trabajo de Michael D. McCool en la difusión anisotrópica usando mapas de conductancia.<br/>El capítulo final presenta las conclusiones de la tesis, y también sugiere las líneas posibles de investigación futura.
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Tressard, Thomas. "Une approche tout optique pour l'étude de schémas remarquables de connectivité fonctionnelle." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0071.
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On assiste à un essor spectaculaire des méthodes optiques pour suivre l’activité de populations neuronales in vivo. Ceci a permis de mettre en évidence des motifs remarquables d’organisation fonctionnelle à l’échelle mésoscopique impliqués dans de nombreuses fonctions cérébrales physiopathologiques. Cette thèse vise à mettre en place les outils permettant de disséquer les circuits sous-tendant ces motifs remarquables selon une approche expérimentale basée uniquement sur la microscopie optique. Plus particulièrement, ces outils ont été optimisés pour décrire la région CA1 de l’hippocampe adulte et le « barrel cortex » au cours du développement. En effet, deux motifs remarquables ont récemment été mis en évidence dans ces structures, les assemblées neuronales de CA1 adulte impliquées d’une part dans des processus de mémorisation et les neurones Hubs du cortex en développement et d’autre part participant au développement postnatal des circuits neuronaux. Dans ce contexte, nous avons développé un nouveau paradigme expérimental combinant imagerie calcique biphotonique in vivo, photostimulation par illumination holographique et analyse mathématique. Nous avons optimisé le choix et la co-expression de la sonde calcique et de l’opsine dans nos conditions expérimentales, et calibré leur utilisation dans les neurones de différentes structures cérébrales. De plus, nous avons conçu et assemblé un nouveau microscope à deux voies d’excitation, une pour l’imagerie calcique et l’autre pour la photostimulation holographique in vivo. Cette nouvelle approche expérimentale est en cours de validation sur les neurones Hubs à forte connectivité du « barrel cortex » en développement<br>Over The last five years we have observed a huge improvement of optical methods to monitor the activity of neuronal populations in vivo. With these new approaches, remarkable patterns of functional organization at the mesoscopic scale that are involved in many pathophysiological brain functions were highlighted. This thesis aims to develop tools allowing us to dissect the circuits underlying these remarkable patterns according to an experimental approach based on all optical microscopy. These tools have been optimized to describe the functional organization of CA1 neurons in the adult hippocampus as well as in the barrel cortex during development. Two remarkable patterns have recently been identified in these structures, first, adult CA1 neural assemblies involved in memory processes and second, Hub cortical neurons that shape neuronal circuit during development. We have developed a new experimental paradigm combining in vivo two photon calcium imaging, holography photostimulation and mathematical analysis. We optimized the choice and co-expression of calcium probe (GCaMP6s) and opsin (Chronos and ChR2H134R) in our experimental conditions and calibrated their use in neurons of different brain structures. In addition, we designed and assembled a new two-path excitation microscope, one for calcium imaging and the other for in vivo holography photostimulation. This new experimental approach is being validated on Hub neurons with high connectivity in the developing barrel cortex
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Revi, Frank. "Measurement of two-dimensional concentration fields of a glycol-based tracer aerosol using laser light sheet illumination and microcomputer video image acquisition and processing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69291.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1992.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 48-49).<br>The use of a tracer aerosol with a bulk density close to that of air is a convenient way to study the dispersal of pollutants in ambient room air flow. Conventional point measurement techniques do not permit the rapid and accurate determination of the concentration fields produced by the injection of such a tracer into a volume of air. An instantaneous two dimensional distribution would aid in the characterization of flow and diffusion processes in the volume studied, and permit verification of theoretical models. A method is developed to measure such two dimensional concentration fields using a laser light sheet to illuminate the plane of interest, which is captured and processed using current microcomputer-based video image acquisition and analysis technology. Point concentrations, determined optically using extinction of monochromatic illumination projected through the aerosol onto a photo detector, are used to calibrate the captured video linages to detennine actual concentration values. Accuracy, reproducibility, and maximum rate of data acquisition are evaluated by means of theoretical models of ambient air flow in a sealed box with pointinjection of the tracer, and in a duct of circular cross section with constant air velocity under both constant and pulsed injection scenarios.<br>by Frank Revi.<br>M.S.
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Donachie, Jacqueline. "Illuminating loss : a study of the capacity for artistic practice to shape research and care in the field of inherited genetic illness." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2016. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/34447/.
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Contemporary art is seen as an effective way of communicating complicated science to a range of lay audiences, particularly in the context of medical research. This is the premise of ‘sciart’. However this rationale can limit the cultural significance of artworks by overstating their illustrative capacity, an outcome that severely reduces the creative endeavour of the artist. Based on the first-hand experience of an artist whose career has engaged with the opportunities afforded by ‘sciart’, this study seeks to address the illustration problem by exploring new methods of working across art and science that challenge representations of the inherited neuromuscular disorder myotonic dystrophy, a condition which affects one in 8000 adults in the UK. Hazel, a film made by the artist with the participation of eleven women affected by the condition, is placed at the centre of this as a case study. Pioneering work with the UK Myotonic Dystrophy Patient Registry facilitated recruitment, and it is this process that forms the unique contribution to knowledge of the research. By illuminating the multiple loss experienced by families struggling with physical and social decline, this research offers a practical and theoretical image of the capacity contemporary artists have to shape research into myotonic dystrophy. The study will argue that this capacity is more ambitious than illustration, more extensive than the communication of family insights. Thus it can embrace a much-needed form of research leadership that is built upon an artist’s scope to say powerful things by withholding information. In addition, the employment of feminist literature on ageing and appearance, and sociological research into the decline and isolation of affected families, helps define the particular form of leadership that can arise through extreme personal circumstances. As pressures on services increase, cross-sector influence becomes increasingly important and this thesis and body of practical work explores the future impact of contemporary artists taking a lead in shaping research agendas in the genetic sciences.
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Schell, Sarah. "The Office of the Dead in England : image and music in the Book of Hours and related texts, c. 1250-c. 1500." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2107.
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This study examines the illustrations that appear at the Office of the Dead in English Books of Hours, and seeks to understand how text and image work together in this thriving culture of commemoration to say something about how the English understood and thought about death in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. The Office of the Dead would have been one of the most familiar liturgical rituals in the medieval period, and was recited almost without ceasing at family funerals, gild commemorations, yearly minds, and chantry chapel services. The Placebo and Dirige were texts that many people knew through this constant exposure, and would have been more widely known than other 'death' texts such as the Ars Moriendi. The images that are found in these books reflect wider trends in the piety and devotional practice of the time. The first half of the study discusses the images that appear in these horae, and the relationship between the text and image is explored. The funeral or vigil scene, as the most commonly occurring, is discussed with reference to contemporary funeral practices, and ways of reading a Book of Hours. Other iconographic themes that appear in the Office of the Dead, such as the Roman de Renart, the Pety Job, the Legend of the Three Living and the Three Dead, the story of Lazarus, and the life of Job, are also discussed. The second part of the thesis investigates the musical elaborations of the Office of the Dead as found in English prayer books. The Office of the Dead had a close relationship with music, which is demonstrated through an examination of the popularity of musical funerals and obits, as well as in the occurrence of musical notation for the Office in a book often used by the musically illiterate. The development of the Office of the Dead in conjunction with the development of the Books of Hours is also considered, and places the traditions and ideas that were part of the funeral process in medieval England in a larger historical context.
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Badihi, Inbal. "The effects of complexity, choice and control on the behaviour and the welfare of captive common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/120.
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There are numerous guidelines recommending that captive primates live in complex environments in which they have the opportunity to make choices and the ability to control aspects of the environment, despite the lack of quantitative evidence to suggest these qualities improve welfare. Complexity, choice and control (the ‘Three Cs’) are inter-related and therefore it is complicated to separate their effects. The main aim of this thesis was to examine how the ‘Three Cs’ affect welfare, using the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) as a model. Behavioural measures and preference tests were used to determine the impact and significance of the ‘Three Cs’ on welfare. Experimental manipulations were natural (i.e. access to outside runs), or unnatural (e.g. pressing a button to control additional illumination). In a series of different studies, marmosets were moved to larger and more complex enclosures, were allowed to choose between indoor cages and outdoor complex enclosures and were able to control additional white light or coloured lights in their home enclosures. The results of these studies show that appropriate levels of each of the ‘Three Cs’ had a positive influence on the welfare of the marmosets, especially on youngsters. Although having control over light, and increased illumination itself improved welfare, providing a choice of access to outside runs (which were more complex and allowed the marmosets greater control over their activities) resulted in the greatest welfare improvement for marmosets of all ages. Loss of access, or control, did not appear to have a negative impact. The marmosets were housed in pairs or in family groups, in the different studies. A cross-study comparison shows that the composition of the groups affected the behavioural response of adult marmosets to environmental enrichment. Unexpectedly, it was also found that, when housed in standard laboratory conditions, adult marmosets were more relaxed when housed in pairs than when housed with their offspring. A secondary aim of the thesis was to quantify welfare indicators and activity budgets of common marmosets in a range of different social and physical contexts, and to compare this with the behaviour of wild marmosets, to increase our understanding of what is “normal” in captive situations. It is concluded that it is critical to sub-divide locomotion and inactivity into different levels to interpret these measures accurately. Levels of calm locomotion increased in enriched environments, while levels of relaxed inactivity and scent marking decreased. A number of recommendations for the care and housing of marmosets are made.
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Valade, Pauline. "Réjouissances monarchiques et joie publique à Paris au XVIIIe siècle : approbation et interrogation du pouvoir politique par l'émotion (1715-1789)." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BOR30057.
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Dans la société d’Ancien Régime, les réjouissances monarchiques et les manifestations de joie publique avaient une fonction essentielle pour le pouvoir politique. Leur organisation, ainsi que leur déroulement, démontraient une attention soutenue aux manières d’émerveiller, d’amuser et de susciter des démonstrations de joie parmi la population parisienne. Privée de toute parole politique, celle-ci était néanmoins convoquée pour acclamer et approuver le pouvoir royal et le gouvernement. Toutefois, les réjouissances étaient avant tout un espace de dialogue entre les élites et la population de la capitale parce que cette dernière se réservait le droit de témoigner ou non sa joie, dans le but de critiquer ou d’interroger les vertus du pouvoir politique. Par l’étude des décisions, des modalités de l’organisation et de l’encadrement des réjouissances, il s’agit de comprendre dans quelle mesure le pouvoir monarchique avait besoin des réjouissances pour manifester sa puissance et ses vertus dans un espace public normalisé et contrôlé. Il apparaît alors que se réjouir était un devoir des sujets. L’analyse des moyens mis en œuvre pour réjouir la population permet de rendre compte des perceptions élitaires de la population, strictement réduite à ses capacités sensorielles. L’étude des feux d’artifice, des jets d’argent ou des gestes de charité du pouvoir royal révèle néanmoins un intérêt certain pour s’assurer des acclamations bien calculées. La dernière partie s’interroge sur les manières dont la population répondait aux sollicitations du pouvoir. L’analyse des expériences de la joie publique, des princes aux plus humbles Parisiens, permet de comprendre que l’obéissance n’excluait jamais une appropriation personnelle des événements. Les manifestations officielles de la joie étaient autant des objets de négociations que de détournement, à des fins contestataires ou plus transgressives, surtout dans le dernier tiers du XVIIIe siècle. Ainsi, la culture de l’approbation, inculquée tout au long du siècle, servit paradoxalement une culture de la contestation puisque le devoir de se réjouir était devenu un droit à se réjouir<br>In the society of Ancient Regime, the monarchical festivities and public manifestations of joy had an essential function for political power. Their organization and their progress, demonstrated a sustained attention to ways to amaze, amuse and provoke demonstrations of joy among the Parisian population. Deprived of any political speech, this one was convened to applaud and approve the royal power and government. However, the celebrations were primarily a space for dialogue between the elites and the population of the capital because it reserved the right to show or not his joy, in order to criticize or question the virtues of political power. By studying the decisions, rules for the organization and supervision of the festivities, this is to understand how the monarchy needed the festivities to show his power and virtues in a public space under political and police control. It appears that rejoicing was a duty of the subjects. Analysis of the means used to delight the population can reveal the elite perceptions of the population, strictly reduced sensory abilities. The study of fireworks, throwing money or charitable gestures of royal power nevertheless throws new light on interests to ensure well-calculated cheers. The final part examines the ways in which people responded to the demands of power. The analysis of the experiences of the public joy, helps understand that obedience never excluded a personal appropriation of events, for princes to the humblest Parisians. As official events of joy were subjects of negotiations as they were diversion for protester or transgressive purposes, especially in the last third of the eighteenth century. Thus, the culture of assertion, instilled throughout the century, paradoxically served a culture of protest since the duty to cheer became a right to rejoice
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Kaňa, Leoš. "Návrh vnitřního optického spoje." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219165.
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In last years phenomena of wireless communication technologies became a primary interest of big development laboratories whole world. Domain of point to point links which are realized by laser technology with narrow beam divergence and very sensitive photo-detectors is ordinarily used these days. This trend of using light waves as carrier medium turned interests of scientist to the sphere of wide area networks which is domain of wi-fi radio technologies. One of new trends in this sphere is also in-door free space optics. With expansion which leads to using LED's in everyday applications and with technological progress of last years, also grows tendency of most effective utilization of LED systems. The result of this effort is thought which considerate LED as source of artificial lighting and source of carrier medium for modulated signal. This kind of device must fulfill hygienic standards for illumination and also must be able to work with high frequency by which is signal modulated. These systems can provide links with sufficient capacity in order of hundred megabits.
Books on the topic "Two illuminations"
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Bj, Boym Per, and Museet for samtidskunst (Norway), eds. Illuminasjoner: Kunst fra to tusenårsskifter = Illuminations : art from two millennia. Museet for Samtidskunst, 2000.
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Saran, A. K. Illuminations: A school for the regeneration of man's experience, imagination, and intellectual integrity : a proposal (in two parts). Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies, 1996.
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McEwan, Robin. Picturing apocalypse at Gondär: A study of the two known sets of Ethiopian illuminations of the Revelation of St. John and the Life and death of John. Nino Aragno Editore, 2006.
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Michel, Chodkiewicz, and Chittick William C, eds. Les illuminations de La Mecque. Sindbad, 1988.
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Great Britain. Department of Transport. Signing and illumination of road humps: Two-way, 2-lane single carriageway roads. HMSO, 1987.
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al-ʻArabī, Ibn. Le voyage spirituel: Les Illuminations de la Mecque, CCCLXVII. Bruylant-Academia, 1995.
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Pächt, Otto. Book illumination in the Middle Ages: An introduction. Harvey Miller, 1994.
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Kekelia, Vladimer, Nikoloz Žġenti, Dali Čʻitunašvili та Tʻemo Jojua. Tao-Klarjetʻi: Xelnaceri memkvidreoba. Xelnacertʻa erovnuli cʻentri, 2012.
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Zhengjue. Cultivating the empty field: The silent illumination of Zen Master Hongzhi. Tuttle Pub., 2000.
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Shīrāzī, Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm Ṣadr al-Dīn. Addenda on the commentary on the philosophy of illumination: On the rules of thought. Mazda Publishers, 2010.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Two illuminations"
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Kozera, Ryszard, and Alexander Prokopenya. "Orthogonal Illuminations in Two Light-Source Photometric Stereo." In Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45378-1_36.
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Gutwirth, Eleazar. "Chapter Two. Illuminations: Lights, Identity, and the Society of Spectacle in the Late Middle Ages." In Perception and Awareness: Artefacts and Imageries in Medieval European Jewish Cultures. Brepols Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.miscs-eb.5.133336.
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Estivill-Castro, V., and J. Urrutia. "Two-floodlight illumination of convex polygons." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-60220-8_51.
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Corcoran, Andrew, and John Dingliana. "Real-Time Illumination for Two-Level Volume Rendering." In Advances in Visual Computing. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33179-4_52.
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Coleman, Joyce. "Illuminations in Gower’s manuscripts." In The Routledge Research Companion to John Gower. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315613109-11.
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Olsen, Alexander Arnfinn. "Lighting and Illumination." In Applying Physical Ergonomics to Modern Ship Design. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57974-5_35.
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Hall, Nicholas, and Ian Dobbie. "Structured Illumination Microscopy." In Principles of Light Microscopy: From Basic to Advanced. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04477-9_7.
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Sarlin, Paige. "Illuminating Obsolescence." In The Routledge Companion to Media Technology and Obsolescence. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315442686-20.
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Zhuang, Qianlin. "The Alternative Illuminating Gas." In From Coal to Hydrogen. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55586-2_7.
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Olsen, Alexander Arnfinn. "Lighting and Illumination on Workboats." In Applying Physical Ergonomics to Modern Ship Design. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57974-5_42.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Two illuminations"
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Li, Xiangyi, Assia Benachir, Sandro Heuke, Hervé Rigneault, and Anne Sentenac. "Improving Optical Sectioning in Wide-field Two-Photon Excitation Microscopy using Random Illumination." In Imaging Systems and Applications. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/isa.2024.if1d.5.
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Wide-field two-photon microscopy using a collimated excitation is plagued by poor optical sectioning. In this work, we show analytically that exciting the sample with randomly varying speckled illuminations could significantly improve the optical sectioning ability while keeping the same large Field of View.
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Li, Shaoheng, Ryo Tamura, Daichi Kamiyama, and Peter A. Kner. "Two-Dimensional Nonlinear Structured Illumination Microscopy with rsEGFP2." In Frontiers in Optics. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1364/fio.2024.jw5a.25.
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Nonlinear structured illumination microscopy (NSIM) can extend the resolution beyond the 120 nm limit of linear SIM. By combining patterned depletion with rsEGFP2, we achieved 2D-NSIM imaging of live U2OS cells with 75 nm resolution.
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Obando-Vásquez, Sofía, René Restrepo, Carlos Trujillo, and Ana Doblas. "Structured Illumination Digital Holographic Microscopy via two integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometers." In 3D Image Acquisition and Display: Technology, Perception and Applications. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/3d.2024.dth5f.3.
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We propose two Match-Zehnder interferometers coupled to create a structured illumination digital holographic microscope with tunable modulation frequency capability, expanding the system's numerical aperture regardless of the microscope objective lens used.
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Wang, Yu, Letian Zhang, Yingchun Wu, et al. "Two-view tomographic off-axis holography for burning aluminum droplet field measurement." In Digital Holography and Three-Dimensional Imaging. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/dh.2024.w5b.2.
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A 50 kHz high-speed two-view tomographic digital off-axis holography with pulsed illumination is developed, and applied to measure the 3D positions of burning aluminum droplets in solid propellant combustion with high accuracy.
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Kozera, R., A. Prokopenya, L. Noakes, and A. Śluzek. "Bifurcations in two-image photometric stereo for orthogonal illuminations." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS (ICNAAM 2016). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4992578.
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Funamizu, Hideki, Yusei Onodera, Jun Uozumi, and Yoshihisa Aizu. "Digital holographic microscopy using speckle illuminations and two-wavelength method." In Biomedical Imaging and Sensing Conference, edited by Osamu Matoba, Yasuhiro Awatsuji, Toyohiko Yatagai, and Yoshihisa Aizu. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2317061.
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Cheng, Hong, YaoLi Gao, HuiLong Deng, QianQian Lu, and Chuan Shen. "Phase retrieval based on transport of intensity equation with two-wavelength illuminations." In 2017 Chinese Automation Congress (CAC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cac.2017.8243133.
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Lazar, Mihael, and Aleš Hladnik. "Improved reconstruction of the reflectance spectra from RGB readings using two instead of one digital camera." In 11th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2022-p96.
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The colour of an observed object can be described in many different manners, and the description by its reflectance provides the unambiguous colour representation. The reflectance description can be acquired by expensive multispectral cameras or, e.g., with time-sequential multispectral illumination. In our experiment, we propose that under the condition of constant and uniform illumination, the reflectance can be deduced from the object's RGB camera readouts, captured alongside the set of colour patches with known spectral characteristics. Translation from a colour description in RGB space into reflectance spectra, independent of illuminant and camera sensor characteristics, was performed with the help of an artificial neural network (ANN). In our study, the hypothesis was proposed that the ANN's performance of reflectance reconstruction can be enhanced by employing richer learning datasets using RGB input sets of two cameras instead of just one. Additional second camera information would be adequate only if the equivalent channels of cameras used are linearly independent. A quantitative measure of nonlinearity (QMoN), which is the metric primarily developed for use in chemistry, was employed to estimate the degree of nonlinearity. Additional attention was paid to ANN training, structure and learning set sizes. Two ANN training algorithms have been utilised, a faster GPU executed standard backpropagation and an order of magnitude slower CPU based, but with significantly better convergence Levenberg-Marquardt training algorithm. The number of neurons in the hidden ANN layer varied from the size of the input layer to a number greater than the number in the output layer. The complete set of colour samples was divided into five learning sets of different sizes, with the smaller sets being subsets of the larger ones. To assess performances of the resulting ANNs, mean squared error, the goodness of fit and colour differences calculated from original and reconstructed reflectances assuming several standard illuminations have been compared. A noticeable reflectance performance improvement has been found by using two cameras, even though the cameras' equivalent channels exerted only small degrees of nonlinearity.
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Schirillo, James A., and Steven K. Shevell. "Perceived brightness, but not lightness, is influenced by retinally non-adjacent coplanar surfaces." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1992.tuc4.
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We previously reported (OSA, 1991; ARVO, 1992) that perceived brightness of an achromatic surface is influenced by information about the illuminant derived from perceptually coplanar but retinally noncontiguous surfaces. A 6:1 luminance range on a CRT screen simulated the surface reflectances of a single Mondrian. Corresponding spatial locations in a second Mondrian were assigned luminances that were one-fifth that of the first Mondrian. This created the appearance of two Mondrians with identical reflectances, but different illuminations. When viewed through a haploscope each Mondrian was perceived in a separate stereoscopic depth plane. The test appeared in either the depth plane of the far, dimly illuminated Mondrian or the depth plane of the near, brightly illuminated Mondrian. The previous results confound changes of reflectance and illumination. We obtained lightness judgments by using the same stimuli to isolate perceived reflectance. The results show that brightness of the test changed with depth, but not lightness. This supports the claim that brightness measures are due to perceived illumination differences across depth planes.
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Sturari, Mirco, Luca Esposto, Christian Spurio, Domenico Tigano, Adriano Mancini, and Primo Zingaretti. "Vehicle Tracking and Classification From Videos Under Illumination Changes and Occlusions." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-68004.
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Vehicle tracking and classification algorithms that remain robust under illuminations changes and occlusions remain a challenging task for vehicle recognition systems. A vehicle which reappears in the scene after disappearing behind an obstacle or a bigger vehicle has to re-obtain the previous identification number assigned by the system. In other circumstances, two or more vehicles overlapping each other are recognized by the system as a single entity: for this reason, after splitting, the system has to reassign pending identification numbers to the respective vehicles. In this paper we propose a three steps (vehicle identification with removal of headlight reflections, tracking with occlusion management and classification with size and speed estimation) algorithm operating in presence of illumination changes, reflections and occlusions. The experimental results obtained by processing a video recorded from a static camera show that the approach is able to successfully manage occlusions in over 90% of cases and to satisfactory classify vehicles into four classes, depending on their length/dimension.
Reports on the topic "Two illuminations"
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Asenath-Smith, Emily, Emma Ambrogi, Lee Moores, Stephen Newman, and Jonathon Brame. Leveraging chemical actinometry and optical radiometry to reduce uncertainty in photochemical research. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42080.
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Subtle aspects of illumination sources and their characterization methods can introduce significant uncertainty into the data gathered from light-activated experiments, limiting their reproducibility and technology transition. Degradation kinetics of methyl orange (MO) and carbamazepine (CM) under illumination with TiO₂ were used as a case study for investigating the role of incident photon flux on photocatalytic degradation rates. Valerophenone and ferrioxalate actinometry were paired with optical radiometry in three different illumination systems: xenon arc (XE), tungsten halogen (W-H), and UV fluorescent (UV-F). Degradation rate constants for MO and CM varied similarly among the three light systems as k W-H < kiv-F < kXE, implying the same relative photon flux emission by each light. However, the apparent relative photon flux emitted by the different lights varied depending on the light characterization method. This discrepancy is shown to be caused by the spectral distribution present in light emission profiles, as well as absorption behavior of chemical actinometers and optical sensors. Data and calculations for the determination of photon flux from chemical and calibrated optical light characterization is presented, allowing us to interpret photo-degradation rate constants as a function of incident photon flux. This approach enabled the derivation of a calibrated ‘rate-flux’ metric for evaluating and translating data from photocatalysis studies.
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CORSCADDENorscadden, Louise, and Arpaporn Sutipatanasomboon. The Definite Guide to Flow Cytometry for Scientists. ConductScience, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55157/cs20221213.
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Flow cytometry is an analytical technique that examines cells suspended in fluids. It uses a built-in laser beam to illuminate individual cells as the fluid passes through. The illumination causes fluorescence and scattered lights, which are emitted and reflected from the examining cell. These lights are split and filtered onto detectors and converted into electrical signals.
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Halevy, Orna, Zipora Yablonka-Reuveni, and Israel Rozenboim. Enhancement of meat production by monochromatic light stimuli during embryogenesis: effect on muscle development and post-hatch growth. United States Department of Agriculture, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7586471.bard.
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The original objectives were: A. To determine the critical embryonic age for monochromatic green light stimulation. B. To follow the ontogeny of embryos exposed to monochromatic green light vs. darkness. C. To investigate the effects of monochromatic green light illumination on myoblast and fiber development in the embryo. D. To investigate the stimulatory effect of light combinations during embryo and post-hatch periods on growth and meat production. E. To evaluate the direct effect of monochromatic green light on cultured embryonic and adult myoblasts. The overall purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of monochromatic light stimuli during incubation period of broilers on muscle development and satellite cell myogenesis. Based on previous studies (Halevy et al., 1998; Rozenboim et al., 1999) that demonstrated the positive effects of green-light illumination on body and muscle growth, we hypothesized that monochromatic light illumination accelerates embryo and muscle development and subsequently enhances muscle growth and meat production. Thus, further decreases management costs. Under the cooperation of the laboratories at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and University of Washington we have conducted the following: 1. We have established the critical stage for exposure to green monochromatic light which has the maximal effect on body and muscle growth (Objective A). We report that embryonic day 5 is optimal for starting illumination. The optimal regime of lighting that will eliminate possible heat effects was evaluated by monitoring egg core temperature at various illumination periods. We found that intermitted lighting (15 min. on; 15 min. off) is optimal to avoid heat effects. 2. We have evaluated in detail gross changes in embryo development profile associated to green light stimuli vs. darkness. In addition, we have investigated the stimulatory effect of light combinations during embryo and post-hatch periods on body and muscle growth (Objective B,D). 3. We have studied the expression profile of muscle regulatory proteins during chicken muscle cell differentiation in cultures using newly developed antibodies. This study paved the way for analyzing the expression of these proteins in our photo stimulation experiments (Objective C). 4. We have studied the pattern ofPax7 expression during myogenesis in the posthatch chicken. Experimental chick pectoralis muscles as well adult myoblast cultures were used in this study and the results led us to propose a novel model for satellite cell differentiation and renewal. 5. The effects of monochromatic green light illumination during embryogenesis have been studied. These studies focused on fetal myoblast and satellite cell proliferation and differentiation at pre- and posthatch periods and on the effects on the expression of muscle regulatory proteins which are involved in these processes. In addition, we have analyzed the effect of photo stimulation in the embryo on myofiber development at early posthatch (Objective C). 6. In follow the reviewers' comments we have not conducted Objective E. The information gathered from these studies is of utmost importance both, for understanding the molecular basis of muscle development in the posthatch chicks and for applied approach for future broiler management. Therefore, the information could be beneficial to agriculture in the short term on the one hand and to future studies on chick muscle development in the embryo and posthatch on the other hand.
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Bachmann, Felix, Len Bass, and Mark Klein. Illuminating the Fundamental Contributors to Software Architecture Quality. Defense Technical Information Center, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada407778.
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Matthews, Lisa, Guanming Wu, Robin Haw, et al. Illuminating Dark Proteins using Reactome Pathways. Reactome, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3180/poster/20221027matthews.
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Diseases are often the consequence of proteins or protein complexes that are non-functional or that function improperly. An active area of research has focused on the identification of molecules that can interact with defective proteins and restore their function. While 22% percent of human proteins are estimated to be druggable, less than fifteen percent are targeted by FDA-approved drugs, and the vast majority of untargeted proteins are understudied or so-called "dark" proteins. Elucidation of the function of these dark proteins, particularly those in commonly drug-targeted protein families, may offer therapeutic opportunities for many diseases. Reactome is the most comprehensive, open-access pathway knowledgebase covering 2585 pathways and including 14246 reactions, 11088 proteins, 13984 complexes, and 1093 drugs. Placing dark proteins in the context of Reactome pathways provides a framework of reference for these proteins facilitating the generation of hypotheses for experimental biologists to develop targeted experiments, unravel the potential functions of these proteins, and then design drugs to manipulate them. To this end, we have trained a random forest with 106 protein/gene pairwise features collected from multiple resources to predict functional interactions between dark proteins and proteins annotated in Reactome and then developed three scores to measure the interactions between dark proteins and Reactome pathways based on enrichment analysis and fuzzy logic simulations. Literature evidence via manual checking and systematic NLP-based analysis support predicted interacting pathways for dark proteins. To visualize dark proteins in the context of Reactome pathways, we have also developed a new website, idg.reactome.org, by extending the Reactome web application with new features illustrating these proteins together with tissue-specific protein and gene expression levels and drug interactions.
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Asenath-Smith, Emily, Emma Ambrogi, Eftihia Barnes, and Jonathon Brame. CuO enhances the photocatalytic activity of Fe₂O₃ through synergistic reactive oxygen species interactions. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42131.
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Iron oxide (α-Fe₂O₃, hematite) colloids were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and investigated as catalysts for the photodegradation of an organic dye under broad-spectrum illumination. To enhance photocatalytic performance, Fe₂O₃ was combined with other transition-metal oxide (TMO) colloids (e.g., CuO and ZnO), which are sensitive to different regions of the solar spectrum (far visible and ultraviolet, respectively), using a ternary blending approach for compositional mixtures. For a variety of ZnO/Fe₂O₃/CuO mole ratios, the pseudo-first-order rate constant for methyl orange degradation was at least double the sum of the individual Fe₂O₃ and CuO rate constants, indicating there is an underlying synergy governing the photocatalysis reaction with these combinations of TMOs. A full compositional study was carried out to map the interactions between the three TMOs. Additional experiments probed the identity and role of reactive oxygen species and elucidated the mechanism by which CuO enhanced Fe₂O₃ photodegradation while ZnO did not. The increased photocatalytic performance of Fe2O3 in the presence of CuO was associated with hydroxyl radical ROS, consistent with heterogeneous photo-Fenton mechanisms, which are not accessible by ZnO. These results imply that low-cost photocatalytic materials can be engineered for high performance under solar illumination by selective pairing of TMOs with compatible ROS.
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Delwiche, Michael, Yael Edan, and Yoav Sarig. An Inspection System for Sorting Fruit with Machine Vision. United States Department of Agriculture, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7612831.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Concepts for real-time grading of fruits and vegetables were developed, including multi-spectral imaging with structured illumination to detect and distinguish surface defects from concavities. Based on these concepts, a single-lane conveyor and inspection system were designed and evaluated. Image processing algorithms were developed to inspect and grade large quasi-spherical fruits (peaches and apples) and smaller dried fruits (dates). Adjusting defect pixel thresholds to achieve a 25% error rate on good apples, classification errors for bruise, crack, and cut classes were 51%, 42%, and 46%, respectively. Comparable results for bruise, scar, and cut peach clases were 48%, 22%, and 58%, respectively. Acquiring more than two images of each fruit and using more than six lines of structured illumination per fruit would reduce sorting errors. Doing so, potential sorting error rates for bruise, crack, and cut apple classes were estimated to be 38%, 38%, and 33%, respectively. Similarly, potential error rates for the bruitse, scar, and cut peach classes were 9%, 3%, and 30%, respectively. Date size classification results were good: 68% within one size class and 98% within two size classes. Date quality classification results were not adequate due to the problem of blistering. Improved features were discussed. The most significant contribution of this research was the on-going collaboration with producers and equipment manufacturers, and the resulting transfer of research ideas to expedite the commercial application of machine vision for postharvest inspection and grading of agricultural products.
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Angrist, Joshua. Empirical Strategies in Economics: Illuminating the Path from Cause to Effect. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w29726.
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Bloomgarden, David R., Norah Sullivan, Donald F. Terry, and Steven R. Wilson. MIF at 15: Building Income and Assets for the Majority. Inter-American Development Bank, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006590.
Full textAbstract:
MIF has benefited from fifteen years of intense testing, experimentation, and searching. During this time MIF and its partners have put over two billion dollars to work in Latin America and the Caribbean through over 1100 grant projects and around 150 investments, illuminating the many intersections between private opportunity and the public good throughout the region. MIF at Fifteen provides an overview of this rich experience, looking at what MIF has done and where it's going.
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none,. Energy Savings Potential of Solid-State Lighting in General Illumination Applications 2010 to 2030. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1218446.
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