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1
Shim, Euijae. Integrated Photonics for Chip-scale Mid-Infrared Sources and Strain Modulation of Two-dimensional Materials. [publisher not identified], 2022.
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2
Manfred, Helm, ed. Long wavelength infrared emitters based on quantum wells and superlattices. Gordon & Breach, 2000.
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3
France. Convention between the government of the United States of America and the government of the French Republic for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income and capital: Message from the President of the United States transmitting convention between the government of the United States of America and the government of the French Republic for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income and capital, signed at Paris on August 31, 1994, together with two related exchanges of notes. U.S. G.P.O., 1994.
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4
France. Convention between the government of the United States of America and the government of the French Republic for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income and capital: Message from the President of the United States transmitting convention between the government of the United States of America and the government of the French Republic for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income and capital, signed at Paris on August 31, 1994, together with two related exchanges of notes. U.S. G.P.O., 1994.
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5
France. Convention between the government of the United States of America and the government of the French Republic for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income and capital: Message from the President of the United States transmitting convention between the government of the United States of America and the government of the French Republic for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income and capital, signed at Paris on August 31, 1994, together with two related exchanges of notes. U.S. G.P.O., 1994.
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6
Rogers, Hiromi T. Anjin - The Life and Times of Samurai William Adams, 1564-1620. Amsterdam University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9781898823858.
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The year is 1600. It is April and Japan’s iconic cherry trees are in full flower. A battered ship drifts on the tide into Usuki Bay in southern Japan. On board, barely able to stand, are twenty-three Dutchmen and one Englishman, the remnants of a fleet of five ships and 500 men that had set out from Rotterdam in 1598. The Englishman was William Adams, later to be known as Anjin Miura by the Japanese, whose subsequent transformation from wretched prisoner to one of the Shogun’s closest advisers is the centrepiece of this book. As a native of Japan, and a scholar of seventeenth-century Japanese history, the author delves deep into the cultural context facing Adams in what is one of the great examples of assimilation into the highest reaches of a foreign culture. Her access to Japanese sources, including contemporary accounts – some not previously seen by Western scholars researching the subject – offers us a fuller understanding of the life lived by William Adams as a high-ranking samurai and his grandstand view of the collision of cultures that led to Japan’s self-imposed isolation, lasting over two centuries. This is a highly readable account of Adams’ voyage to and twenty years in Japan and that is supported by detailed observations of Japanese culture and society at this time. New light is shed on Adams’ relations with the Dutch and his countrymen, including the disastrous relationship with Captain John Saris, the key role likely to have been played by the munitions, including cannon, removed from Adams’ ship De Liefde in the great battle of Sekigahara (September 1600), the shipbuilding skills that enabled Japan to advance its international maritime ambitions, as well as the scientific and technical support Adams was able to provide in the refining process of Japan’s gold and silver.
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Martin, Francis L., and Hubert M. Pollock. Microspectroscopy as a tool to discriminate nanomolecular cellular alterations in biomedical research. Edited by A. V. Narlikar and Y. Y. Fu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533053.013.8.
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This article considers the use of microspectroscopy for discriminating nanomolecular cellular alterations in biomedical research. It begins with an overview of some existing mid-infrared microspectroscopy techniques, including FTIR microspectroscopy and Raman microspectroscopy. It then discusses near-field techniques such as scanning near-field optical microscopy, near-field Raman microscopy, and photothermal microspectroscopy (PTMS). It also examines promising alternative sources of IR light, possible advantages of using normal atomic force microscopy probes, experimental procedures for PTMS, and prospects for high spatial resolution in near-field FTIR spectroscopy. Finally, it describes the spectroscopic detection of small particles, along with the use of the analysis paradigm to discriminate nanomolecular cellular alterations in biomedical research.
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Wright, A. G. Photocathodes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199565092.003.0002.
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Optical properties of photocathodes and their characterization in terms of absorptance, transparency, and reflectance in mixed dielectric media are presented. Photometric units and international standards are based on a specified white light source. The electromagnetic spectrum covers about a decade in wavelength and there is a relationship between photon energy and wavelength. Spectral responsivity can be specified in milliamps per watt or as quantum efficiency, η(λ), in terms of photoelectrons per incident photon. Empirical specifications, based on filtered light from a standard white light source give a measure of the photocathode response to blue, red, and infrared light. Bialkali photocathodes laid on a conducting substrate can operate at ultra-low temperatures approaching absolute zero, while others can survive operation at 200 °C. End window and side window photomultipliers are available in a range of diameters and photocathode types.
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Helm, Manfred. Long Wavelength Infrared Emitters Based on Quantum Wells and Superlattices. Taylor & Francis Group, 2000.
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10
Vurgaftman, Igor, Matthew P. Lumb, and Jerry R. Meyer. Bands and Photons in III-V Semiconductor Quantum Structures. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198767275.001.0001.
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Semiconductor quantum structures are at the core of many photonic devices such as lasers, photodetectors, solar cells etc. To appreciate why they are such a good fit to these devices, we must understand the basic features of their band structure and how they interact with incident light. This book takes the reader from the very basics of III-V semiconductors (some preparation in quantum mechanics and electromagnetism is helpful) and shows how seemingly obscure results such as detailed forms of the Hamiltonian, optical transition strengths, and recombination mechanisms follow. The reader does not need to consult other references to fully understand the material, although a few handpicked sources are listed for those who would like to deepen their knowledge further. Connections to the properties of novel materials such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides are pointed out, to help prepare the reader for contributing at the forefront of research. The book also supplies a complete, up-to-date database of the band parameters that enter into the calculations, along with tables of optical constants and interpolation schemes for alloys. From these foundations, the book goes on to derive the characteristics of photonic semiconductor devices (with a focus on the mid-infrared) using the same principles of building all concepts from the ground up, explaining all derivations in detail, giving quantitative examples, and laying out dimensional arguments whenever they can help the reader’s understanding. A substantial fraction of the material in this book has not appeared in print anywhere else, including journal publications.
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Reisner, Andrew. Two Theses about the Distinctness of Practical and Theoretical Normativity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198758709.003.0012.
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In a tradition linked to Aristotle and Kant, it has become common for contemporary philosophers to treat practical and theoretical normativity as constituting two genuinely distinct domains. Despite this, it remains unclear what it is, or would be, for practical and theoretical normativity to in fact be distinct domains. This chapter considers the question of what it is for normative domains to be distinct and proposes that there are two different ways that the distinctness thesis might be understood. One is by reference to final oughts: roughly, a normative domain is distinct because it has its own final ought. The other is by considering the relationship between reasons, what they are reasons for, and the sources of those reasons. The chapter explains important differences between the accounts and discusses some considerations that arise in light of those differences for more general normative theorizing.
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Omissi, Adrastos. ‘At last Roman, at last restored to the true light of Empire’. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824824.003.0004.
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This chapter begins by considering what made the late Roman state distinctive from the early Empire, exploring the political developments of the later third century, in particular the military, administrative, and economic reforms undertaken by the tetrarchs. It then explores the presentation of the war between the tetrarchy and the British Empire of Carausius and Allectus (286‒96), taking as its core sources Pan. Lat. X, XI, and VIII. These speeches are unique in the panegyrical corpus, in that two of them (X and XI) were delivered while the usurpation they describe was still under way, the third (VIII) after it was defeated. In this chapter, we see how the British Empire was ‘othered’ as piratical and barbarian, and how conflict with it helped to create the distinctive ideology of the tetrarchy.
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Scully, Jason. The Greek Sources for Isaac of Nineveh’s Development of Wonder and Astonishment. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803584.003.0005.
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This chapter shows that Isaac derives specific definitions for the ecstatic experience of wonder and astonishment from Syriac translations of two sources that were originally written in Greek: Pseudo-Dionysius’s Mystical Theology and a series of Evagrian texts. The first section of this chapter concludes that Isaac uses language from the first chapter of Pseudo-Dionysius’s Mystical Theology in order to establish a connection between language of light and darkness and the theme of the Shekinah, on the one hand, and wonder and astonishment on the other. The second section shows that Isaac explicitly equates either wonder or astonishment with two Evagrian technical terms—“solitary knowledge” and “purity of mind”—and two Evagrian concepts—the joy that occurs during prayer and angelic visitation.
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Chopra, Bhavna, and Stanley Goldfarb. Approach to the patient with kidney stones. Edited by Mark E. De Broe. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0200.
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A detailed history can identify some risk factors and narrows down the potential causes of kidney stone formation. Radiological investigations confirm the diagnosis and give information on likely stone type. Urine and serum biochemistry is invaluable, but a more comprehensive investigation is reserved for recurrent stone formers. In that case at least two 24h collections, remote from any acute event are recommended, measuring volume, pH, calcium, oxalate, citrate, uric acid and phosphate. Urinary crystals can shed light on some stone types.For single or recurrent stones, analysis of stones themselves is invaluable. Analysis may include X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and a number of other techniques. .Dietary evaluation is valuable in recurrent stone formers.
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Forrest, Stephen R. Organic Electronics. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198529729.001.0001.
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Organic electronics is a platform for very low cost and high performance optoelectronic and electronic devices that cover large areas, are lightweight, and can be both flexible and conformable to irregularly shaped surfaces such as foldable smart phones. Organics are at the core of the global organic light emitting device (OLED) display industry, and also having use in efficient lighting sources, solar cells, and thin film transistors useful in medical and a range of other sensing, memory and logic applications. This book introduces the theoretical foundations and practical realization of devices in organic electronics. It is a product of both one and two semester courses that have been taught over a period of more than two decades. The target audiences are students at all levels of graduate studies, highly motivated senior undergraduates, and practicing engineers and scientists. The book is divided into two sections. Part I, Foundations, lays down the fundamental principles of the field of organic electronics. It is assumed that the reader has an elementary knowledge of quantum mechanics, and electricity and magnetism. Background knowledge of organic chemistry is not required. Part II, Applications, focuses on organic electronic devices. It begins with a discussion of organic thin film deposition and patterning, followed by chapters on organic light emitters, detectors, and thin film transistors. The last chapter describes several devices and phenomena that are not covered in the previous chapters, since they lie outside of the current mainstream of the field, but are nevertheless important.
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Hertel, Shareen. Tethered Fates. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190903831.001.0001.
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Global supply chains extend throughout the developing world, but we know surprisingly little about company–community interaction. This book engages multiple sources of data to map the evolution and contemporary scope of “stakeholder dialogue” in the business and human rights arena. It draws on the 7,000-company database of the Business and Human Rights Resource Centre, and on original interviews with community members in two factory towns in the Dominican Republic, to illustrate economic rights challenges in light manufacturing communities. Tethered Fates maps trends in stakeholder dialogue by region and industry sector globally. It demonstrates that companies tend to engage stakeholders in sectors where the sunk costs are high (such as the extractive sector) rather than in sectors where the threat of exit looms large (such as light manufacturing). The book then offers a view into local community members’ perceptions of the prospects for dialogue with companies and the challenges of everyday life, through comparative case studies of two textile manufacturing towns in the Dominican Republic. Tethered Fates does more than simply explain why stakeholder dialogue often falls short as a vehicle for safeguarding economic rights and promoting community development; it also offers an assessment of the varieties of emerging policy alternatives for moving beyond the current state of practice.
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Carlson, Matt. Media Culpas: Prewar Reporting Mistakes at the New York Times and Washington Post. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252035999.003.0002.
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This chapter looks at how two newspapers used unnamed sources in reports leading up to the invasion of Iraq in March 2003. When Iraq's weapons of mass destruction failed to materialize, critics on the left and from within journalism chastised the New York Times and Washington Post for overly credulous, unnamed source-laden investigative reporting appearing on their front pages in the buildup to the war. The newspapers responded by revisiting their unnamed sourcing practices, but not until more than a year after the invasion. These self-assessments generated attention around two problems negatively impacting prewar coverage: the calculated press management strategies of the Bush administration, and the willingness of the competing newspapers to reproduce official statements anonymously. The complex problems marking the journalist-unnamed source exchange come to light through these efforts to attach blame both to the sources and the journalists.
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Sommer, Tim. Carlyle, Emerson and the Transatlantic Uses of Authority. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474491945.001.0001.
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This book examines the transatlantic writings and professional careers of Thomas Carlyle and Ralph Waldo Emerson. Building on recent research in literary studies, book history and cultural sociology, it explores how a range of different forms of authority – literary, cultural, political, legal – impacted on Anglo-American writing, publishing and lecturing. The book retraces nineteenth-century debates about race and nationhood, analyses the relationship between cultural nationalism and literary historiography and sheds light on Carlyle’s and Emerson’s professional identities as publishing authors and lecturing celebrities on both sides of the Atlantic. It reads canonical texts in conjunction with less familiar sources such as book paratexts, lecture manuscripts and periodical writing to re-evaluate two of the period’s key authors. Situating textual production at the intersection of institutional spheres and professional networks, Carlyle, Emerson and the Transatlantic Uses of Authority sheds light on intellectual and material exchanges between Victorian and antebellum literature and culture. The book’s first part focuses on discourses of ethnic identity and constructions of literary history; part two examines Carlyle’s and Emerson’s engagement with the mid-century transatlantic print market; part three discusses their careers as lecturing intellectuals. Bringing together these subjects and moving into the latter half of the century, the book’s epilogue considers the impact of the American Civil War on transatlantic literary relations and explores Carlyle’s and Emerson’s posthumous canonisation on both sides of the Atlantic.
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Robertson, William Glenn. River of Death--The Chickamauga Campaign. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469643120.001.0001.
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The Battle of Chickamauga was the third bloodiest of the American Civil War and the only major Confederate victory in the conflict’s western theatre. It pitted Braxton Bragg’s Army of Tennessee against William S. Rosecrans’s Army of the Cumberland and resulted in more than 34,500 casualties. In this first volume of an authoritative two-volume history of the Chickamauga Campaign, William Glenn Robertson provides a richly detailed narrative of military operations in southeastern and eastern Tennessee as two armies prepared to meet along the “River of Death.” Robertson tracks the two opposing armies from July 1863 through Bragg’s strategic decision to abandon Chattanooga on September 9. Drawing on all relevant primary and secondary sources, Robertson devotes special attention to the personalities and thinking of the opposing generals and their staffs. He also sheds new light on the role of railroads on operations in these landlocked battlegrounds, as well as the intelligence gathered and used by both sides. Delving deep into the strategic machinations, maneuvers, and smaller clashes that led to the bloody events of September 19-20, 1863, Robertson reveals that the road to Chickamauga was as consequential as the unfolding of the battle itself.
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Wright, A. G. Statistical processes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199565092.003.0004.
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Two statistical processes affect performance: one concerns photon detection at the photocathode (binomial); and the other, gain at each dynode (Poisson). The combined statistical processes dictate resolution, both timing and pulse height. They are best examined using generating functions that are both elegant and capable of providing answers more efficiently than traditional approaches. The requirement for steady and pulsed light sources is an important one for testing and setting up procedures. The use of moments to test the quality of performance is illustrated for a steady DC light source. Amplification provided by a dynode stack is a cascade process, leading to dispersion in gain, and is also ideally handled with generating functions. Theory is developed for essentially continuous pulse height distributions, such as those produced by a multichannel analyser. Arrival time statistics for scintillators are investigated analytically and by Monte Carlo simulation. Treatment is given for dead time and scaling.
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Wright, A. G. Linear performance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199565092.003.0009.
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This chapter is concerned with a single consideration: the degree of proportionality between a light signal and its resulting electrical output. This is formally referred to as linearity, which depends on the suitability of the chosen PMT and the mode of operation (pulsed or analogue). Applications fall into two groups: analogue operation (DC) and transient applications. Linearity in a pulsed mode of operation concerns both pulse height (charge) and the rate of events. Generally, in the DC mode, only the mean anode current is relevant. Methods for determining both forms of non-linearity are presented, based on actual measurements. Test methods using multiple light sources, bootstrapping, single step (piggyback), and shot noise are investigated. A method for uncovering non-linearity in high-Z scintillators by using coincident gamma emissions (60Co) is demonstrated. An analytical means for correcting results at the 1 % level is provided.
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Vlahakis, George N., Isabel Maria Coelho de Oliveira Malaquias, Nathan M. Brooks, M. François Regourd, Feza Gunergun, and David Wright. Imperialism and Science. ABC-CLIO, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400668944.
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A unique resource that synthesizes existing primary and secondary sources to provide a fascinating introduction to the development and dissemination of science within history's great empires, as well as the complex interaction between imperialism and scientific progress over two centuries. Imperialism and Scienceis a scholarly yet accessible chronicle of the impact of imperialism on science over the past 200 years, from the effect of Catholicism on scientific progress in Latin America to the importance of U.S. government funding of scientific research to America's preeminent place in the world. Spanning two centuries of scientific advance throughout the age of empire,Imperialism and Sciencesheds new light on the spread of scientific thought throughout the former colonial world. Science made enormous advances during this period, often being associated with anti-Imperialist struggle or, as in the case of the science brought to 19th-century China and India by the British, with Western cultural hegemony.
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Mandelbrote, Scott. Witches and Forgers. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806837.003.0014.
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Scepticism and loyalty represent the poles of van Dale’s career. Two contexts have been mentioned as relevant here: the seventeenth-century attack on magic and superstition, and the circles of friendship that created a contemporary Republic of Letters. This chapter evaluates both contexts, as well as others that may throw light on his relatively neglected attitude to the text of the Bible. It brings into focus two important intellectual episodes: his treatment of the account of the Witch of Endor (1 Samuel 28:3–25), and his engagement with Hellenistic sources relating to the text of the Old Testament, especially to the miraculous composition of the Septuagint. These issues brought van Dale to ask questions about God’s Word. The chapter explores the limits of his scepticism, the extent of his scholarship, and the role of friendship and isolation in his development. Finally, it draws attention to his place in contemporary Mennonite debates.
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Wollock, Jennifer G. Rethinking Chivalry and Courtly Love. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216008194.
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This book offers an overview of the origins, growth, and influence of chivalry and courtly love, casting new light on the importance of these medieval ideals for understanding world history and culture to the present day. Rethinking Chivalry and Courtly Love shows that these two interlinked medieval era concepts are best understood in light of each other. It is the first book to explore the multicultural origins of chivalry and courtly love in tandem, tracing their sources back to the ancient world, then follow their development—separately and together—through medieval life and literature. In addition to examining the history of chivalry and courtly love, this remarkable volume looks at their enduring legacy—not just in popular media but in molding our present-day concepts of human rights, professional ethics, military conduct, and gender relations. Readers will see how understanding the tenets of the chivalrous life helps us understand our own world today.
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Wooding, Jonathan, and Lynette Olson, eds. Prophecy, Fate and Memory in the Early Medieval Celtic World. Sydney University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30722/sup.9781743326732.
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Prophecy, Fate and Memory in the Early and Medieval Celtic World brings together a collection of studies that closely explore aspects of culture and history of Celtic-speaking nations. Non-narrative sources and cross-disciplinary approaches shed new light on traditional questions concerning commemoration, sources of political authority, and the nature of religious identity. Leading scholars and early-career researchers bring to bear hermeneutics from studies of religion and literary criticism alongside more traditional philological and historical methodologies. All the studies in this book bring to their particular tasks an acknowledgement of the importance of religion in the worldview of antiquity and the Middle Ages. Their approaches reflect a critical turn in Celtic studies that has proved immensely productive across the last two decades.
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Talbot, Ian, and Tahir Kamran. A World of Goods. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190642938.003.0006.
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The chapter discusses Indian elites’ emulation of European consumption patterns. The new suburban developments furthered this process with the demand for imported fans, baths and cars. The student population of Lahore created a demand for bicycles, pens, sports goods and watches. They also were consumers of both imported and locally produced medical products. Even poorer Indians exhibited new consumption patterns with everyday use of tea and cigarettes. The chapter discusses the role of advertising in encouraging consumer needs as well as the extent to which these sources can shed light on the social life of the colonial city. There are case studies of the advertisements featured in two leading English language newspapers, which were published from Lahore, namely Tribune and Eastern Times.
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Polliack, Meira. Medieval Karaism. Edited by Martin Goodman. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199280322.013.0012.
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Karaism is best defined as a Jewish religious movement of a scripturalist and messianic nature, which crystallized in the second half of the ninth century in the areas of Persia-Iraq and Palestine. This article highlights new developments and breakthroughs in research, with specific emphasis on the state of manuscript sources, and the fields of Karaite history and hermeneutics. It also attempts to redefine the major impetus behind the Karaite movement. It concludes by reviewing the issues that have been raised and outlines the major paradigmatic shift in the current understanding of Karaism. Two separate modes of explanation have traditionally been pursued in the light of comparative religious phenomena. One identifies the major motivation underlying Karaism as intrinsic to Judaism, drawn from earlier scripturalist models, and the other identifies it as external to Judaism, borrowed or grafted onto it from heterodox Islamic models.
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Bădescu, Ilie, and Joseph Livni. Civil Society with no Hierarchy. The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781666982442.
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Ilie Badescu and Joseph Livni follow the footsteps of two giants who pioneered the field: H. H. Stahl of Romania, who studied the sociology of communal societies, and D. J. Elazar of the United States, who studied the political science of covenantal societies. This collection sheds light on obscure corners of the field, gathering up thoughts and concepts of many other sources of past and contemporary research in the field. In this volume, the reader will find answers to difficult questions like: How did acephalous societies penetrate civilization? How did they manage to preserve their egalitarian ethos? Why did powerful hierarchies work in partnership with them? And, most importantly, how did covenantal societies work around the constraints of a civilized reality? The history of civilization consists of various degrees of stratified configurations ranging from oligarchic city states to powerful pyramidal empires.
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Nelson, Thomas J., Giuseppe Pezzini, and Stefano Rebeggiani, eds. Pergamon and Rome: Culture, Identity, and Influence. Oxford University PressOxford, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/9780198912071.001.0001.
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Abstract This interdisciplinary volume provides the first comprehensive study of Rome’s relationship with the kingdom and city of Pergamon. It surveys the rich and diverse interactions between these two cities from the late third century bce to the fourth century ce, ranging across multiple cultural spheres (including art and architecture, history and politics, literature and poetry, philosophy and thought, scholarship and rhetoric). The book reassesses the nature, scope, and extent of Pergamon and Rome’s so-called ‘special relationship’, shedding light on much-discussed problems, offering new evidence for their cultural interactions, and questioning long-established assumptions. One recurrent theme concerns the limitations of our enquiry: extant evidence is limited and often skewed by later Roman sources, and it is frequently very difficult to identify and define cultural features that are distinctively ‘Pergamene’. Nevertheless, there was certainly an important relationship between these two cities, which this volume seeks to map out with greater nuance and precision, setting it within a wider interconnected Hellenistic context. As a whole, the volume reflects on the scholarly reception of Pergamon, uncovering how and when a certain view of ‘Pergamene culture’ took shape in modern scholarship and what factors, prejudices, and assumptions undergirded its creation. It also challenges and rethinks the frameworks that shape our view of cultural activity in the Hellenistic world, emphasizing the porousness of cultural movements across political boundaries.
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Story, Joanna. Lands and Lights in Early Medieval Rome. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777601.003.0025.
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This chapter analyses the text and epigraphy of two monumental inscriptions in Rome; both are important sources of information on landholding in early medieval Italy, and both shed light on the development of the Patrimony of St Peter and the evolving power of the popes as de facto rulers of Rome and its environs in the seventh and eighth centuries. Pope Gregory the Great (d. 604) commissioned the earlier of the two inscriptions for the basilica of St Paul, where it still survives (MEC I, XII.1). The inscription preserves the full text of a letter from Gregory to Felix, rector of the Appian patrimony (Ep. XIV.14). It ordered Felix to transfer the large estate (massa) of Aquae Salviae, with all its farms (fundi) as well as other nearby properties, from the patrimony into the direct control of the basilica of St Paul in order to fund the provision of its lighting; it was one of the last letters that Gregory wrote. The patron of the second inscription was Gregory’s eighth-century namesake and successor, Pope Gregory II (715–31), indignus servus (MEC I, XIV.1). This one is fixed in the portico of the basilica of St Peter, where it stands alongside another eighth-century inscription, namely, the epitaph of Pope Hadrian I that was commissioned by Charlemagne after Hadrian’s death in 795. Gregory II’s inscription also records a donation in Patrimonio Appiae, this time to provide oil for the lights of St Peter’s. This chapter investigates the form, content, and historical context of the production and display of these two inscriptions, analysing parallels and differences between them. It considers what they reveal about estate organization and the development of the territorial power of the papacy in this formative period, as well as the role of Gregory the Great as an exemplar for the early eighth-century popes.
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Keown, Damien. Euthanasia. Edited by Daniel Cozort and James Mark Shields. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198746140.013.19.
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This chapter explores the Buddhist perspective on euthanasia in the light of scriptural teachings and contemporary opinions. The chapter is divided into four parts. The first considers what does—and does not—constitute euthanasia, and includes a discussion of views expressed by contemporary Tibetan teachers. The second part discusses two moral values often invoked in support of euthanasia, autonomy and compassion. The third part considers how euthanasia is regarded in early textual sources. The fourth part offers a brief survey of contemporary attitudes to euthanasia in Japan and Thailand. It concludes that euthanasia is contrary to Buddhist teachings in that it involves intentional killing contrary to the First Precept. Buddhists rarely call for the legalization of euthanasia: their concerns centre instead on ‘dysthanasia’, or the unnecessary prolongation of the dying process. In response to this concern it is suggested that Buddhism imposes no obligation to preserve life at all costs.
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Gamberini, Andrea. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824312.003.0001.
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The introduction gives a critical rereading of the historiographical debate regarding the processes of state building at the end of the Middle Ages, highlighting its limitations in the lack of interest shown in the ideal reasons for the political conflict. This then gives rise to the interpretative proposal that forms the basis of the present work, which aims to shed light on the many conflicts that, in relation to legitimacy of power, tore medieval society apart. With this in mind, the introduction focuses on an analysis of the sources that are potentially useful for the study of these particular aspects, on the risks underlying their use, and on the expected results. The last part discusses the structure of the work and justifies the decision to divide it into two, clearly divided parts, dedicated to the communal age on the one hand and the post-communal era on the other.
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Womack, Deanna Ferree. Re-inventing Islam. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/9780197699195.001.0001.
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Abstract From the end of the American Civil War to the start of World War II, the Protestant missionary movement unintentionally tilled the soil in which American Islamophobia would eventually take root. Re-inventing Islam explores the deep roots of this recent phenomenon, using gender as a lens and focusing specifically on the historical role of Protestant leaders and missionaries in transmitting ideas about Islam. Looking beyond typical studies of texts that male clergy and theologians wrote, this book identifies gendered discourses, images, and performances as key in Protestant portrayals of Islam. To understand the unique ways in which nineteenth- and twentieth-century American and British missionaries shaped the ideas they inherited from the Reformation, Re-inventing Islam begins in the sixteenth century, long before any systematic Protestant attempt to evangelize Muslim societies. The four central chapters then turn to the modern missionary movement. Two chapters examine the gender discourses in missionary texts for adults and children, and two chapters explore the visual and material sources that missionaries used to shape their constituents’ ideas about and behavior toward Muslims. Each chapter sheds light on the role of women missionaries and their use of gender constructs to re-invent Islam through appropriation and adaptation of existing ideas about Muslims for new purposes—ultimately influencing American views of Muslims. Through more closely examining this history, identifying problematic legacies, and highlighting surprising instances of interfaith appreciation, in the end the book offers new pathways toward dialogue and Christian-Muslim understanding.
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Dellmuth, Lisa, Jan Aart Scholte, Jonas Tallberg, and Soetkin Verhaegen. Citizens, Elites, and the Legitimacy of Global Governance. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192856241.001.0001.
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Abstract Contemporary society has witnessed major growth in global governance, yet the legitimacy of global governance remains deeply in question. This book offers the first full comparative investigation of citizen and elite legitimacy beliefs toward global governance. Empirically, it provides a comprehensive analysis of public and elite opinion toward global governance, building on two uniquely coordinated surveys covering multiple countries and international organizations. Theoretically, it develops an individual-level approach, exploring how a person’s characteristics in respect of socioeconomic status, political values, geographical identification, and domestic institutional trust shape legitimacy beliefs toward global governance. The book’s central findings are threefold. First, there is a notable and general elite–citizen gap in legitimacy beliefs toward global governance. While elites on average hold moderately high levels of legitimacy toward international organizations, the general public is decidedly more skeptical. Second, individual-level differences in interests, values, identities, and trust dispositions provide significant drivers of citizen and elite legitimacy beliefs toward global governance, as well as the gap between the two groups. Most important on the whole are differences in the extent to which citizens and elites trust domestic political institutions, which shape how these groups assess the legitimacy of international organizations. Third, both patterns and sources of citizen and elite legitimacy beliefs vary across organizations and countries. These variations suggest that institutional and societal contexts condition attitudes toward global governance. The book’s findings shed light on future opportunities and constraints in international cooperation, suggesting that current levels of legitimacy point neither to a general crisis of global governance nor to a general readiness for its expansion.
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Nijhawan, Shobna. Hindi Publishing in Colonial Lucknow. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199488391.001.0001.
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Investigating the emergence of Hindi publishing in colonial Lucknow, long a stronghold of Urdu and Persian literary culture, Shobna Nijhawan offers a detailed study of literary activities emerging out of the publishing house Gaṅgā Pustak Mālā in the first half of the twentieth century. Closely associated with it was the Hindi monthly Sudhā, a literary, socio-political, and illustrated periodical, in which Hindi writings were promoted and developed for the education and entertainment of the reader. In charting the literary networks established by Dularelal Bhargava, the proprietor of Gaṅgā Pustak Mālā and chief editor of Sudhā, this volume sheds light on his role in the development of Hindi language and literature, creation of canonical literature, and commercialization and nationalization of books and periodicals in the north Indian Hindi public sphere. Using vernacular primary sources and drawing on scholarship on periodicals and publishing houses as well as editor-publishers that has emerged over the past two decades, Nijhawan shows how one publishing house singlehandedly impacted the role of Hindi in the public sphere.
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Botti, Daniele. John Rawls and American Pragmatism. Rowman & Littlefield, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781666997538.
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The textual and contextual connections between John Rawls's intellectual figure and American pragmatism (broadly conceived) have become topics of discussion only recently. This is at least in part due to the fact that Rawls seemed to have taken a "pragmatic turn" in his intellectual trajectory—from A Theory of Justice (1971) to Political Liberalism (1993). John Rawls and American Pragmatism: Between Engagement and Avoidance intervenes in these discussions with two unconventional claims corroborated by archival research. First, Daniele Botti shows that Rawls's thinking owes more to the American pragmatists' views than is generally recognized. Second, and in the light of the pragmatist sources of Rawls's thinking, Botti argues that we should reverse the common narrative about Rawls's alleged pragmatic turn and interpret it as a quite "un-pragmatic" one. By making the case for interpreting Rawls as an American pragmatist, this book profoundly transforms not only a widely held interpretation about Rawls's intellectual trajectory, but also our understanding of American philosophical vicissitude in the second half of the twentieth century.
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Vladimir, Wozniuk. Annotated We. The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781611464146.
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The AnnotatedWe represents the first fully annotated translation of Evgeny Zamiatin’s classic novel in English. Generally recognized as the first modern anti-utopian novel, Zamiatin’s We has puzzled scholars and critics alike, for it is both serious and playful, full of games. Long considered to be enigmatic, it stands out as unique among his works, and its importance is beyond doubt, for it not only holds the distinction of being the first work of its kind, but is also widely believed to have provided thematic elements for the two most famous dystopian works of the twentieth century, Aldous Huxley's Brave New World and George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four. This new English translation employs language and syntax that mirror the precision and economy of Zamiatin’s Russian in his“poem in prose.” The commentary that accompanies the text sheds light on Zamiatin’s use of language as well as on the broad array of allusions that mark it, while at the same time suggesting many previously unacknowledged sources for the novel’s playfulness.
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Rywiková, Daniela, and Michaela Antonín Malaníková, eds. Premodern History and Art through the Prism of Gender in East-Central Europe. The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc., 2021. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781978723856.
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Premodern History and Art through the Prism of Gender in East-Central Europe is a representative collection of current Czech research in premodern history and art history, using gender as a tool of analysis. The common denominators of the texts collected in this volume are the art history of the premodern period, gender perspectives, and, to a certain degree, the Czech milieu. The book is divided into four parts, based on area of interest, time frame, and research perspective. The first part sheds light on the state of research in the field of women's history—along with the implementation of the concept of gender—and highlights a certain paradigmatic conservatism of Czech art historiography. The second gathers contributions that analyze visual sources of Czech origin. The third includes texts that analyze gender issues on the level of literary representation. The final part presents two case studies that involve analysis of the premodern West European source base. Rywiková and Malaníková present this volume as an innovative way to introduce this specific segment of Central European art history to a broader audience in global academia.
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Zanetti Domingues, Lidia Luisa. Confession and Criminal Justice in Late Medieval Italy. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192844866.001.0001.
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This monograph provides an in-depth comparison of lay and religious sources produced in Siena (1260-1330) on criminal justice, conflict and violence. Two main trends have been highlighted in the development of criminal justice in late medieval Italy. Firstly, that the practice of revenge was still popular among members of all social classes. Secondly, that crime was increasingly perceived as a public matter that needed to be dealt with by the government, and not by private citizens. These two aspects are partly contradictory, and the extent to which these models reflect the reality of communal justice is still open to debate. The book sheds light on this question through the contribution of religious sources, which scholars have started comparing only very recently to secular ones with regard to these topics. The underlying argument is that religious people were an effective pressure group with regards to criminal justice, thanks both to the literary works they produced and their direct intervention in political affairs, and their contributions have not received the attention they deserve. It is suggested that the dichotomy between theories and practices of ‘private justice’ (e.g. revenge) and of ‘public justice’ (trials) should be substituted by a framework in which three models, or discourses, of criminal justice are recognised as present in late medieval Italian communes: in addition to the trends described above, also a specifically religious approach to criminal justice based on penitential spirituality should be recognised as an influence on the policies of the communes. This case study shows that, although the models were competing, they also influenced each other; and none of them managed, in this period, to eliminate the others, but they coexisted.
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Mujanovic, Jasmin. The Bosniaks. Oxford University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197775370.001.0001.
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Abstract For the first time in nearly two centuries, one ethnic group now constitutes an absolute majority of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s population: the Bosniaks. It is an unlikely development given that, scarcely thirty years ago, they were targeted for extermination and expulsion by Serbia’s Slobodan Milošević. Even as the Bosniak community fought to survive these atrocities, it simultaneously came under attack from militants led by Croatian president Franjo Tuđman, who attempted to partition Bosnia and Herzegovina between Zagreb and Belgrade. Improbably, the Bosniaks and the Bosnian state survived these campaigns. But the country’s fractious sectarian post-war order has produced the world’s most convoluted constitutional regime, always teetering on the brink of collapse. Jasmin Mujanović illuminates the sources of contemporary Bosniak political identity, tracing the evolution of a religious community into a secular nation, and shedding light on the future of a nation at a crossroads. He explores the idea of Bosnia and Herzegovina as a “national homeland,” considers how narratives of genocide influence self-identity, and probes how demographic changes are putting pressure on the country’s political framework. The fate of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s peace and democracy rests on the Bosniaks’ shoulders--and with it, the stability of all Southeastern Europe.
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Tsomu, Yudru. Rise of Gönpo Namgyel in Kham. Lexington Books, 2014. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781978737174.
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This book examines the ascendancy of a minor nineteenth-century Tibetan chieftain Gönpo Namgyel who hailed from Eastern Kham, a frontier region situated between the power centers of Central Tibet and Qing China. For most of the nineteenth century, Gönpo Namgyel dominated the politics of Kham and posed a serious challenge to both the Qing and Lhasa regimes. The study explores the dynamics of local and national politics, as well as the tensions over power and authority between the two power centers. Drawing upon both Tibetan and Chinese primary sources, the study sheds new light on the governance and polity of the Kham region, enhancing our understanding of Sino-Tibetan conflicts regarding Kham from the nineteenth century, up to the mid-twentieth century. The book focuses on local events, rather than seeing history as shaped solely by the power centers. The rise of Gönpo Namgyel is situated within the context of the local politics of Kham while taking into consideration its relations with mid-nineteenth century Qing and Central Tibet. It further explores the social-cultural milieu that gave rise to this charismatic and controversial chief. A series of questions emerge concerning traditional historiographical practice, including the historical practices of Chinese and Tibetan scholars as well as approaches to the history of China and Tibet by Western scholars. Probing into history from a local perspective adds a new dimension to the study of nineteenth-century Sino-Tibetan relations. This research reveals that there is no single force determining history, nor are persons in the periphery mere passive observers of national events. The kings, governors, and chieftains in Kham were active in shaping their own regional identity and asserting their own terms in relation to the two power centers, demonstrating that the peripheries are equal partners in central-periphery relations, rather than passive recipients as has commonly been represented in earlier historical narratives.
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Sng, Zachary. Middling Romanticism. Fordham University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823288410.001.0001.
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The book examines the “middling” work performed by writers of the Romantic period such as Lessing, Kleist, P. B. Shelley, and Hölderlin. It traces their attempts to re-imagine the middle as a constitutive principle, which begin with dislodging terms such as medium, moderation, and mediation from their conventional roles as self-evident, self-effacing tools that conduct from one pole to another or provide a compromise between two extremes. What they offer instead is a dwelling in and with the middle: an attention to intervals, interstices, and gaps that recognize their centrality to the concept of relation. This produces a profound medial ambivalence that underpins romanticism’s re-writing of conceptual pairs such as origin and destination, speaker and addressee, deficit and surplus, self and other. In this light, we might also ask what it means for us to recognize our mediated relationship to romanticism. To address this question, the readings consider romantic writing in the context of a double juxtaposition: alongside the legacy of romantic middling in the twentieth century but the classical sources about the middle that romanticism draw on. The challenge is to see romanticism as neither ancient nor modern, but as the historical hinge upon which such distinctions turn, the mirror in which our own image is mediated and cast back to us.
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Dorraj, Manochehr, and Ken Morgan, eds. Global Impact of Unconventional Energy Resources. Lexington Books, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781666992748.
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The chapters in this volume represent the latest thinking on the development and exploration of unconventional energy resources in the U.S., Canada, Australia, Europe, Russia, Asia Pacific, Middle East, Latin America, and Africa and shed light on its potential and future prospects in these respective regions. The diversity of thinking about the “shale revolution” is also evident in our case studies. Throughout many countries in Europe for example, there is a strong preference for investment in renewable sources of energy over the fossil fuels. In addition to environmental concerns, the falling price of renewables, have also made them more attractive financially. Consequently, global investment in renewables is outpacing that of fossil fuel two to one. Watching this trend, in 2017, the Chinese government has pledged to invest $360 billion on renewable energy. This would make China the largest investor in development of renewables in the world. Other obstacles to development of shale oil and gas in other parts of the world include, lack of adequate shale resources (Africa), the abundance of conventional energy resources (Middle East and North Africa), high cost of production (Russia, China, Japan) and political opposition to hydraulic fracturing (France and Poland). Despite these sentiments the economic imperatives (providing employment) also play a significant role in determining the future prospects for unconventional energy resources globally.
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Bernstein, Zachary. Thinking In and About Music. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190949235.001.0001.
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Milton Babbitt (1916–2011) was, at once, one of the century’s foremost composers and a founder of American music theory. These two aspects of his creative life—“thinking in” and “thinking about” music, as he would put it—nourished each other. Theory and analysis inspired fresh compositional ideas, and compositional concerns focused theoretical and analytical inquiry. Accordingly, this book undertakes an excavation of the sources of his theorizing as a guide to analysis of his music. Babbitt’s idiosyncratic synthesis of ideas from Heinrich Schenker, analytic philosophy, and cognitive science—at least as much as more obviously relevant, and more frequently cited, predecessors such as Arnold Schoenberg—provide insight into his aesthetics and compositional technique. Examination of Babbitt’s newly available sketch materials sheds additional light on his procedures. But a close look at his music reveals a host of concerns unaccounted for in his theories, some of which seem to directly contradict theoretical expectations. New analytical models are needed to complement those suggested by Babbitt’s theories. Departing from the serial logic of Babbitt’s writings, his compositional procedures, and most previous work on the subject—and in an attempt to discuss Babbitt’s music as it is actually heard rather than just deciphered—the book brings to bear theories of gesture and embodiment, rhetoric, text setting, and temporality. The result is a richly multifaceted look at one of the twentieth century’s most fascinating musical minds.
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Herrera, Eduardo. Elite Art Worlds. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190877538.001.0001.
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Between 1962 and 1971, the Centro Latinoamericano de Altos Estudios Musicales (CLAEM) of the Di Tella Institute in Buenos Aires became the central hub of Latin American avant-garde music. With the support of the Rockefeller Foundation and the wealthy Di Tella family, CLAEM offered two-year fellowships to some of the most recognized young composers of the region to undertake graduate studies in a unique privileged setting under the direction of Alberto Ginastera and with permanent and visiting faculty that included Gerardo Gandini, Francisco Kröpfl, Mario Davidovsky, Iannis Xenakis, Luigi Nono, Aaron Copland, Luigi Dallapiccola, Bruno Maderna, Riccardo Malipiero, Olivier Messiaen, Roger Sessions, and Earle Brown. This book combines oral histories, ethnographic research, and archival sources to reveal CLAEM as a meeting point of US and Argentine philanthropy, local experiences in transnational currents of artistic experimentation and innovation, and regional discourses of musical Latin Americanism. The story of CLAEM shows how musical avant-gardes were articulated, embodied, resignified, and institutionalized in Latin America; how composers during the 1960s engaged with discourses of Latin Americanism as professional strategy, identification marker, and musical style; and sheds light into the role of art in the legitimation and construction of elite status and identity. By looking at CLAEM as both an artistic and a philanthropic project, the book illuminates the relationships among foreign policy, corporate interests, and funding for the arts concerning Latin America and the United States in the mid-twentieth century.
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Field, Clive D. Counting Religion in Britain, 1970-2020. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192849328.001.0001.
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Counting Religion in Britain, 1970–2020, the fourth volume in the author’s chronological history of British secularization, sheds significant new light on the nature, scale, and timing of religious change in Britain during the past half-century, with particular reference to quantitative sources. Adopting a key performance indicators approach, twenty-one facets of personal religious belonging, behaving, and believing are examined, offering a much wider range of lenses through which the health of religion can be viewed and appraised than most contemporary scholarship (which is typically confined to one or two measures). Summative analysis of these indicators, by means of a secularization dashboard, leads to a reaffirmation of the validity of secularization (in its descriptive sense) as the dominant narrative and direction of travel since 1970, while acknowledging that it is an incomplete process and without endorsing all aspects of the paradigmatic expression of secularization as a by-product of modernization. The appendix of 173 tables, a discrete statistical reference work in its own right, besides supporting (and being cross-referenced in) the main text, is designed as an extension to 2020 of the appendix of tables to 1970 in the acclaimed 1977 Clarendon Press volume Churches and Churchgoers: Patterns of Church Growth in the British Isles since 1700, by Robert Currie, Alan Gilbert, and Lee Horsley. As well as covering statistics generated by faith communities and the state, as did the 1977 book, the appendix to Counting Religion in Britain, 1970–2020 includes a wide variety of time series from national sample surveys.
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Horsley, Adam. Libertines and the Law. British Academy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197267004.001.0001.
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Following the assassination of Henri IV in 1610, the political turbulence of Louis XIII's early reign led to renewed efforts to police the book trade. Yet it also witnessed a golden age of 'libertine' literature, including a plethora of sexually explicit and irreverent poetry as well as works of free-thinking that cast doubt on the dogma of Church and State. As France moved towards absolutism, a number of unorthodox writers were forced to defend themselves before the law courts. Part I offers a conceptual history of libertinism, as well as an exploration of literary censorship and the mechanics of the criminal justice system in this period. Part II examines the notorious trials of three subversive authors. The Italian philosopher Giulio Cesare Vanini was brutally executed for blasphemy by the Parlement de Toulouse in 1619. Jean Fontanier was burned at the stake two years later in Paris for authoring a text to convert Christians to Judaism. The trial of the infamous poet Théophile de Viau for irreligion, obscenity, and poems describing homosexuality was a landmark in French literary and social history, despite him eventually escaping the death penalty in 1625. Drawing from rarely explored sources, archival discoveries and legal manuals, it provides new insights into the censorship of French literature and thought from the perspectives of both the defendants and the magistrates. Through a diverse corpus including poetry, philosophical texts, religious polemics, Jewish teachings, and private memoirs, it sheds new light on this crucial period in literary, legal, and intellectual history.
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Lawrence, Mark. Anglo-Hispania beyond the Black Legend. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350366251.
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This book traces and analyses the relationship between Britain and Spain in its various forms since 1489. So often viewed as antagonistic rivals in history, the two countries are here compared and contrasted in order to shed light on their international connection and how this has evolved over time. Mark Lawrence reflects on the similarities of their composite monarchies, their roles as successive projectors of European global power, and the common fondness for peculiarly patriotic expressions of Christianity through the ages. At the same time, Lawrence is alert to recognising other ways in which Britain and Spain have seemed worlds apart in their respective corners of the European continent. He examines how British Protestants excoriated Spain in a ‘Black Legend’, while Catholic propagandists dismissed rising English power as the work of pirates and heretics during the early modern period. In a series of chronological chapters rich with a diverse range of sources, Anglo-Hispania beyond the Black Legend considers the cultural exchanges which flourished amidst the growth of travel and new ideas in the 18th century, the surprising alliances of the 19th century and the shared international causes of the 20th. Whereas Spaniards feared or admired Britain for its successful political and fiscal system, the book convincingly argues, Britons romanticised Iberia for its supposed failures. It ultimately concludes that British campaigns in the 1700s and 1800s established a Romantic Spain in memoir culture which the 20th century gradually dissolved in the ideological cauldron of the 1930s and the advent of mass tourism.
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Ojanperä, Sanna, Eduardo López, and Mark Graham, eds. Human Development and the Data Revolution. Oxford University PressOxford, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198879145.001.0001.
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Abstract Human Development and the Data Revolution tackles a topic that in the age of data and digitalization has become timely in global development: what are the potential uses of large-scale data in the contexts of development, in particular, what techniques, data sources, and possibilities exist for harnessing large datasets and new online data to address persistent concerns regarding human development, inequality, exclusion, and participation. It also sheds light into the challenges and obstacles related to the safe and effective use of big data and computational approaches in development, given that safeguarding privacy and security as well as ensuring accurate insights are crucial principles when addressing development issues that often concern vulnerable or underserved populations. The book employs a global perspective to explore the latest advances at the intersection of big data analysis and human development. Bringing together pioneering voices from academia, development practice, civil society organizations, government, and the private sector, the book has a two-pronged focus on theoretical and practical research on big data and computational approaches in human development. It details the potentials of big data analysis for development and discusses how the challenges or barriers to the adoption of big data analysis might present limitations for its usefulness in contexts of development. The book reviews a range of relevant methods and tools and presents research results of projects employing big data in contexts of development in a language that is accessible to development researchers, scholars, practitioners, policymakers, and anyone interested in the topic.
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Mehta, Smith, Alisa Perren, Michael Curtin, et al. The New Screen Ecology in India. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781839025693.
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This book provides an in depth look into the digital transformation of the Indian media industries, arguing that it has primarily been facilitated by the advent of social media platforms and a resulting shift in the creator dynamics of contemporary film and television production. Drawing on first-hand research within three categories of agents: creators, platform and portal executives, and intermediaries (talent agents, and multi-channel networks), Smith Mehta develops the concept of the ‘new screen ecology’ to show how the Indian screen industries are affected by social relations between these actors and how industrial practices blur the amateur-professional divide through creator and content interdependencies. Mehta interrogates the production practices of 13 different platforms and portals, including Hotstar, Netflix, YouTube, and TVFPlay, analyzing the extent to which they benefit from the lack of censorship and restrictive industrial practices characteristic of traditional media structures. In doing so, he examines the dynamics of digital transformation in the screen industries in a region-specific context and contributes to a body of literature on Indian digital production cultures. This book investigates the political, social and economic transactions that led to the digital transformation of the Indian audio-visual industries. It traces the interdependences between two social (YouTube, Facebook) and eleven digital (Hotstar, Spuul, Hoichoi, Addatimes, TVFPlay, Reliance Jio, Zee5, Voot, Netflix, Amazon Prime Video, AltBalaji) video streaming services, in platforming content drawn from both professional and professionalizing-amateur sources. Drawing on approaches from critical media industries studies, political economy and cultural studies, it interrogates the shifting creator dynamics in contemporary Indian film and television production with the advent of internet-based local and global video distribution services. In doing so, it brings to light the contribution of Indian intermediaries such as talent agents and third-party service providers that manage YouTube channels, also referred to as multichannel networks, in facilitating the localisation strategies of global portals such as Netflix and Amazon Prime, enabling the movement of creators from platforms to portals and expanding their value propositions through investments in content and talent-led ventures.