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Journal articles on the topic 'Two-layered and three-layered tissue models'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Pei, Na, Zhiyan Hao, Sen Wang, et al. "3D Printing of Layered Gradient Pore Structure of Brain-like Tissue." International Journal of Bioprinting 7, no. 3 (2021): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/ijb.v7i3.359.

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The pathological research and drug development of brain diseases require appropriate brain models. Given the complex, layered structure of the cerebral cortex, as well as the constraints on the medical ethics and the inaccuracy of animal models, it is necessary to construct a brain-like model in vitro. In this study, we designed and built integrated three-dimensional (3D) printing equipment for cell printing/culture, which can guarantee cell viability in the printing process and provide the equipment foundation for manufacturing the layered structures with gradient distribution of pore size. B

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Deaconescu, Delia, and Simona Miclăuş. "A Computational Study of 2.4 and 3.7 GHz Radiations Deposition Inside Models Made of Human Tissues Placed Nearby a Microstrip Antenna." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 26, no. 3 (2020): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kbo-2020-0121.

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AbstractThe interest for GHz frequency range in present wireless communication devices is high. Therefore, a continuous need to observe peculiarities of electromagnetic power deposition in human tissues, when they are exposed to signals in this range, is obvious. In this paper, by using an electromagnetic field simulation software, we aimed to highlight the differences between specific absorption rates (SAR) of energy absorption and their geometric distribution in four cases: at two different frequencies and in two tissue models (plane and anthropomorphic). First step was to design and analyse

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Sekine, Waki, Yuji Haraguchi, Tatsuya Shimizu, Masayuki Yamato, Akihiro Umezawa, and Teruo Okano. "Chondrocyte Differentiation of Human Endometrial Gland-Derived MSCs in Layered Cell Sheets." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/359109.

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Recently, regenerative medicine using engineered three-dimensional (3D) tissues has been focused. In the fields of cell therapy and regenerative medicine, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are attractive autologous cell sources. While, in bioengineered tissues, a 3D environment may affect the differentiation of the stem cells, little is known regarding the effect of 3D environment on cellular differentiation. In this study, MSC differentiation inin vitro3D tissue models was assessed by human endometrial gland-derived MSCs (hEMSCs) and cell sheet technology. hEMSC sheets were layered into cell-dens

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Nowakowski, Sophia, Freia F. Schmidt, and Petra J. Kluger. "Development of an in vitro three-layered skin wound healing model for pre-clinical testing." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 10, no. 4 (2024): 461–64. https://doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2024-2113.

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Abstract Skin wound healing involves many cell types in a stepwise process of tissue regeneration. Reepithelialization is an essential characteristic of successful healing. In tissue engineering, mimicking the complex process of injury repair in vitro is challenging and requires the development of advanced skin models. In this study, a simple and reproducible method for wounding three-layered skin models on membranes with different pore sizes (0.4, 1, 3 μm) was established. The model allows the investigation of reepithelialization processes in a more complex environment. Hemalaun-eosin (HE) an

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Früh, Anton, Bernd Rolauffs, and Michael Seidenstuecker. "Parametric Numerical Modeling and Fabrication of PCL Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications." Applied Sciences 12, no. 23 (2022): 12280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122312280.

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Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is an interdisciplinary discipline that focuses on bone structure–function relationships for improving the replacement and/or regeneration of bone tissues. Thereby, the architecture and load-bearing capacity of embedded scaffolds play an important role in the generation of artificial tissues. The aim of this study was to develop a parametric numerical model and the accompanying fabrication of polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds for BTE applications. Therefore, we manufactured layered PCL-based constructs using three-dimensional (3D) printing. The material properties

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Rajasekhar, Suraj, and Karthik Vishwanath. "Recovery of Optical Transport Coefficients Using Diffusion Approximation in Bilayered Tissues: A Theoretical Analysis." Photonics 12, no. 7 (2025): 698. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12070698.

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Time-domain (TD) diffuse reflectance can be modeled using diffusion theory (DT) to non-invasively estimate optical transport coefficients of biological media, which serve as markers of tissue physiology. We employ an optimized N-layer DT solver in cylindrical geometry to reconstruct optical coefficients of bilayered media from TD reflectance generated via Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. Optical properties for 384 bilayered tissue models representing human head or limb tissues were obtained from the literature at three near-infrared wavelengths. MC data were fit using the layered DT model to simu

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Dieterich, C., M. Schandar, M. Noll, et al. "In vitro reconstructed human epithelia reveal contributions of Candida albicans EFG1 and CPH1 to adhesion and invasion." Microbiology 148, no. 2 (2002): 497–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00221287-148-2-497.

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The individual and synergistic contributions of two transcription factors, EFG1 and CPH1, have been characterized with regard to adhesion to, and invasion of, human epithelia by Candida albicans. For this purpose two in vitro reconstructed tissue models were developed. A multi-layered model of human epidermis was used to simulate superficial infections of the skin, whereas a reconstructed human intestinal model was used to mimic the first steps of systemic infections. It was shown that C. albicans deleted for both transcription factors CPH1 and EFG1, in contrast to the congenic clinical isolat

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Nowicki, Andrzej. "Safety of ultrasonic examinations; thermal and mechanical indices." Medical Ultrasonography 22, no. 2 (2020): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.11152/mu-2372.

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This review article combines the reports on the biophysical effects in ultrasonography and provides the rationale behind the mechanical index (MI) and thermal index (TI) complying with the Output Display Standard (ODS). Safe ultrasonic doses are determined according to specific rules, and the screen displays the associated quantities MI and TI. The introduced indices MI and TI take into account the physical mechanism of interaction between ultrasounds and biological tissue, which depends on the temporal and spatial parameters of the acoustic field generated by ultrasound transducers. The predi

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Paolillo, Colombo, Serra, et al. "Stem-like Cancer Cells in a Dynamic 3D Culture System: A Model to Study Metastatic Cell Adhesion and Anti-cancer Drugs." Cells 8, no. 11 (2019): 1434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8111434.

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Metastatic spread is mainly sustained by cancer stem cells (CSC), a subpopulation of cancer cells that displays stemness features. CSC are thought to be derived from cancer cells that undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), thus acquiring resistance to anoikis and anti-cancer drugs. After detachment from the primary tumor mass, CSC reach the blood and lymphatic flow, and disseminate to the target tissue. This process is by nature dynamic and in vitro models are quite far from the in vivo situation. In this study, we have tried to reproduce the adhesion process of CSC to a target ti

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Ahmad, Ashfaq, Farooq Faisal, Sadiq Ullah, and Dong-You Choi. "Design and SAR Analysis of a Dual Band Wearable Antenna for WLAN Applications." Applied Sciences 12, no. 18 (2022): 9218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12189218.

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This paper presents the design of three types of dual band (2.5 & 5.2 GHz) wearable microstrip patch antennas. The first one is based on a conventional ground plane, whereas the other two antennas are based on two different types of two-dimensional electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures. The design of these two different dual-band EBG structures using wearable substrates incorporates several factors in order to improve the performance of the proposed conventional ground plane (dual band) wearable antenna. The second EBG with plus-shaped slots is about 22.7% more compact in size relative

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Wu, Kevin Y., Rahma Osman, Natalie Kearn, and Ananda Kalevar. "Three-Dimensional Bioprinting for Retinal Tissue Engineering." Biomimetics 9, no. 12 (2024): 733. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9120733.

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Three-dimensional bioprinting (3DP) is transforming the field of regenerative medicine by enabling the precise fabrication of complex tissues, including the retina, a highly specialized and anatomically complex tissue. This review provides an overview of 3DP’s principles, its multi-step process, and various bioprinting techniques, such as extrusion-, droplet-, and laser-based methods. Within the scope of biomimicry and biomimetics, emphasis is placed on how 3DP potentially enables the recreation of the retina’s natural cellular environment, structural complexity, and biomechanical properties.

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Dr.Devaraj Verma C, Shruthishree S. H, Dr Harshvardhan Tiwari,. "AlexResNet+: A Deep Hybrid Featured Machine Learning Model for Breast Cancer Tissue Classification." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 6 (2021): 2420–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i6.5686.

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The exponential rise in cancer diseases, primarily the breast cancer has alarmed academia-industry to achieve more efficient and reliable breast cancer tissue identification and classification. Unlike classical machine learning approaches which merely focus on enhancing classification efficiency, in this paper the emphasis was made on extracting multiple deep features towards breast cancer diagnosis. To achieve it, in this paper A Deep Hybrid Featured Machine Learning Model for Breast Cancer Tissue Classification named, AlexResNet+ was developed. We used two well known and most efficient deep

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Shrestha, Sunil, Vinod Kumar Reddy Lekkala, Prabha Acharya, Darshita Siddhpura, and Moo-Yeal Lee. "Recent advances in microarray 3D bioprinting for high-throughput spheroid and tissue culture and analysis." Essays in Biochemistry 65, no. 3 (2021): 481–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/ebc20200150.

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Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture in vitro has proven to be more physiologically relevant than two-dimensional (2D) culture of cell monolayers, thus more predictive in assessing efficacy and toxicity of compounds. There have been several 3D cell culture techniques developed, which include spheroid and multicellular tissue cultures. Cell spheroids have been generated from single or multiple cell types cultured in ultralow attachment (ULA) well plates and hanging droplet plates. In general, cell spheroids are formed in a relatively short period of culture, in the absence of extracellu

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Takahashi, Yuki, Yumi Nomura, Yuma Yokokawa, et al. "Abstract 4565: Drug screening by layered 3D co-cultured tumor model including vascularized stromal tissue." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (2023): 4565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-4565.

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Abstract Introduction: In vivo, tumor microenvironments consist of not only cancer cells but also extracellular matrix and stromal tissues, such as fibroblasts, blood vessels, and so on. The interactions between cancer cells and stromal tissue have been reported to affect the behavior of cancer cells. So that ex vivo model recapturing the tumor microenvironment is needed to evaluate the efficacy of drugs under the condition mimicking the patient tumor tissue. Here, we developed the unique tissue engineering technique, which easily enables the construction of cell - stacked three dimensional (3

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Rioux, Geneviève, Florence Turgeon, Gaëtan Le-Bel, Camille Grenier, Sylvain L. Guérin, and Roxane Pouliot. "Gene Profiling of a 3D Psoriatic Skin Model Enriched in T Cells: Downregulation of PTPRM Promotes Keratinocyte Proliferation through Excessive ERK1/2 Signaling." Cells 11, no. 18 (2022): 2904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11182904.

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Psoriasis is a complex, immune-mediated skin disease involving a wide range of epithelial and immune cells. The underlying mechanisms that govern the epidermal defects and immunological dysfunction observed in this condition remain largely unknown. In recent years, the emergence of new, more sophisticated models has allowed the evolution of our knowledge of the pathogenesis of psoriasis. The development of psoriatic skin biomaterials that more closely mimic native psoriatic skin provides advanced preclinical models that will prove relevant in predicting clinical outcomes. In this study, we use

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Dutta, Jaideep, and Balaram Kundu. "Two-dimensional hybrid analytical approach for the investigation of thermal aspects in human tissue undergoing regional hyperthermia therapy." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 234, no. 20 (2020): 3951–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406220919460.

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The formation of the present work is based on the development of the exact analytical solution of two-dimensional temperature response by employing the hyperbolic heat conduction bioheat model in a single-layered human skin tissue subjected to the regional hyperthermia therapy (RHT) for cancer treatment. The mathematical approach has been utilized as a hybrid form of ‘separation of variables’ and ‘finite integral transform’ method. Three kinds of surface heat fluxes (constant, sinusoidal and cosine) have been employed as an external heat source on the therapeutic surface of the square-shaped s

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Nowakowski, Tomasz J., and Sofie R. Salama. "Cerebral Organoids as an Experimental Platform for Human Neurogenomics." Cells 11, no. 18 (2022): 2803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11182803.

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The cerebral cortex forms early in development according to a series of heritable neurodevelopmental instructions. Despite deep evolutionary conservation of the cerebral cortex and its foundational six-layered architecture, significant variations in cortical size and folding can be found across mammals, including a disproportionate expansion of the prefrontal cortex in humans. Yet our mechanistic understanding of neurodevelopmental processes is derived overwhelmingly from rodent models, which fail to capture many human-enriched features of cortical development. With the advent of pluripotent s

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STERN, AMBER RATH, MATTHEW M. STERN, and MARK E. VAN DYKE. "TRANSDUCTION OF STRAIN TO CELLS SEEDED ONTO SCAFFOLDS EXPOSED TO UNIAXIAL STRETCHING: A THREE DIMENSIONAL FINITE ELEMENT STUDY." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 12, no. 01 (2012): 1250022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519412004491.

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When preparing tissue engineering and regenerative medicine constructs, a commonly encountered problem is the failure of seeded cells to infiltrate the scaffold. In an increasing number of cases, constructs are being mechanically preconditioned with the expectation that preconditioning will enhance the construct's maturation and effectiveness by pre-exposing seeded cells to stimuli the tissue of interest experiences in vivo. However, whether or not mechanostimulation of a scaffold actually results in transmission of stimuli to the seeded cells remains poorly understood. The purpose of this res

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Throop, Alexis, Durwash Badr, Michael Durka, Martina Bukač, and Rana Zakerzadeh. "Analyzing the Effects of Multi-Layered Porous Intraluminal Thrombus on Oxygen Flow in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms." Oxygen 2, no. 4 (2022): 518–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/oxygen2040034.

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Determination of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture risk involves the accurate prediction of mechanical stresses acting on the arterial tissue, as well as the wall strength which has a correlation with oxygen supply within the aneurysmal wall. Our laboratory has previously reported the significance of an intraluminal thrombus (ILT) presence and morphology on localized oxygen deprivation by assuming a uniform consistency of ILT. The aim of this work is to investigate the effects of ILT structural composition on oxygen flow by adopting a multilayered porous framework and comparing a two-lay

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Barker, Emilia, Lina AlQobaly, Zahab Shaikh, et al. "Biological Evaluation of Oral Care Products Using 3D Tissue-Engineered In Vitro Models of Plaque-Induced Gingivitis." Dentistry Journal 12, no. 5 (2024): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj12050126.

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Background: The aim of this study was to investigate and visualize the anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effects of different oral care products using an infected and inflamed 3D tissue-engineered gingival mucosal model. Methods: A 3D full-thickness oral mucosal model was engineered inside tissue culture inserts using collagen hydrogels populated with human gingival fibroblasts and THP-1 monocytes and layered with oral epithelial cell lines. Oral saliva bacteria were cultured and added to the surface of the models and inflammation was further simulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Esche

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Wang, Ming, Yalong Yang, Dilay Cansever, et al. "Two populations of self-maintaining monocyte-independent macrophages exist in adult epididymis and testis." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 1 (2020): e2013686117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2013686117.

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Macrophages are the principal immune cells of the epididymis and testis, but their origins, heterogeneity, development, and maintenance are not well understood. Here, we describe distinct populations of epididymal and testicular macrophages that display an organ-specific cellular identity. Combining in vivo fate-mapping, chimeric and parabiotic mouse models with in-depth cellular analyses, we found that CD64hiMHCIIlo and CD64loMHCIIhi macrophage populations of epididymis and testis arise sequentially from yolk sac erythro-myeloid progenitors, embryonic hematopoiesis, and nascent neonatal monoc

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Emmanouil Dandoulakis. "Next-generation 3D-printed bioengineered skin grafts: From experimental validation to clinical implementation." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 23, no. 1 (2025): 369–80. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2025.23.1.0694.

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Bioengineering Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has revolutionized tissue engineering by enabling the 3D printing of bioengineered skin grafts with a tissue architecture similar to that of native skin. These grafts, composed of layered cellular constructs containing keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and bioactive hydrogels, have indeed provided an alternative to traditional autografts and allografts, addressing the issues of donor source morbidity and immune rejection. The article provides a detailed overview of the achievements observed by 3D-printed skin grafts on their way to clinical use. Simi

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Barcena, Allan John R., Kashish Dhal, Parimal Patel, Prashanth Ravi, Suprateek Kundu, and Karthik Tappa. "Current Biomedical Applications of 3D-Printed Hydrogels." Gels 10, no. 1 (2023): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels10010008.

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Three-dimensional (3D) printing, also known as additive manufacturing, has revolutionized the production of physical 3D objects by transforming computer-aided design models into layered structures, eliminating the need for traditional molding or machining techniques. In recent years, hydrogels have emerged as an ideal 3D printing feedstock material for the fabrication of hydrated constructs that replicate the extracellular matrix found in endogenous tissues. Hydrogels have seen significant advancements since their first use as contact lenses in the biomedical field. These advancements have led

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Silva-Pedrosa, Rita, António José Salgado, and Pedro Eduardo Ferreira. "Revolutionizing Disease Modeling: The Emergence of Organoids in Cellular Systems." Cells 12, no. 6 (2023): 930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12060930.

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Cellular models have created opportunities to explore the characteristics of human diseases through well-established protocols, while avoiding the ethical restrictions associated with post-mortem studies and the costs associated with researching animal models. The capability of cell reprogramming, such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) technology, solved the complications associated with human embryonic stem cells (hESC) usage. Moreover, iPSCs made significant contributions for human medicine, such as in diagnosis, therapeutic and regenerative medicine. The two-dimensional (2D) models

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ZHONG, QI, WENHUA ZENG, XIAOYANG HUANG, BOLIANG WANG, and MING CAI. "FINITE ELEMENT MODELING OF THE HUMAN MITRAL VALVE: IMPLICATIONS OF MORPHOLOGIES AND DYNAMICS OF THE ANNULUS AND THE CHORDAE TENDINEAE." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 14, no. 04 (2014): 1450057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519414500572.

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Objectives: To investigate the influences caused by special morphologies and dynamics of the substructures of mitral valve by the explicit finite element program LS-DYNA. Methods: A new finite element model for the mitral apparatus characterized by layered structure of leaflets tissue, saddle shape and contraction of annulus, an approximately accurate morphology of chordae tendineae was developed. The coaptation length, leaflets stress and strain of the present model were compared with those of two auxiliary models, one with planar annulus and the other with fixed annulus. The tensile function

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Pawar, Sadhana, Kajal Pawade, Sonali Nipate, et al. "Preclinical evaluation of the diabetic wound healing activity of phytoconstituents extracted from Ficus racemosa Linn. leaves." International Journal of Experimental Research and Review 32 (August 30, 2023): 365–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2023.v32.032.

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Human body has several multi-layered organs, but skin is one of biggest and easiest to access. It serves as body's primary line of defense alongside various skin diseased conditions. Despite receiving sufficient and appropriate care, diabetes wounds heal slowly and may take a week to complete. A progression of connective tissue patch up is the body's natural defense against tissue damage. Fresh leaves of Ficus racemosa were utilized for the study. In this study, two distinct models were employed to compare how well different Ficus racemosa leaf extracts healed wounds. Excision wounds healed mo

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Galeazzo, Ludovica. "Venice's Nissology. Mapping and Modelling Venice's Aquascape in a Historical Perspective." STORIA URBANA, no. 173 (January 2024): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/su2022-173003.

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In the historical tradition, Venice is a city without walls and gates, and hence lacking suburbs. The project Venice's Nissology (VeNiss) reverses this trope by examining the urban, political, and cultural patterns connecting the capital with its lagoon archipelago through a web interactive 3D map, intended for researchers and the wider public alike. This is a geo-spatial semantic infrastructure that, as a sort of historical Google maps, enables a journey through time and space to discover and visualise the layered histories of Venice's over sixty ‘domestic' islands. VeNiss tells a story of h

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Sonawane, Amol, and Dattatraya Bormane. "4G based SAR analysis for anatomically based human head model using mobile phone antenna." Multidisciplinary Science Journal 6, no. 4 (2023): 2024053. http://dx.doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2024053.

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Mobile phone handsets utilized by individuals of all ages been heavily grows popular as a wireless communication device. Every mobile phone produces electromagnetic radiation at radio frequencies (RF). The specific absorption rate is used to calculate how much of this energy is absorbed by the human skull. Standard guidelines state that sold phones must fall below a specified SAR. This paper aims to evaluate the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) and E-field strength for mobile phone radiation exposure on a head model who is 40 years old and a 5-year-old child. The human skull is represented in th

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Jogalekar, Manasi P., and Elba E. Serrano. "Morphometric analysis of a triple negative breast cancer cell line in hydrogel and monolayer culture environments." PeerJ 6 (February 16, 2018): e4340. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4340.

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Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a belligerent carcinoma that is unresponsive to targeted receptor therapies. Development of new treatment strategies would benefit from an expanded repertoire of in vitro cell culture systems, such as those that support tridimensional growth in the presence of hydrogel scaffolds. To this end, we established protocols for maintenance of the TNBC cell line HCC70 in monolayer culture and in a commercially available basement membrane matrix hydrogel. We evaluated the general morphology of cells grown in both conditions with light microscopy, and examined the

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Harris, Nathaniel, Charles Miller, and Min Zou. "A Versatile Platform for Designing and Fabricating Multi-Material Perfusable 3D Microvasculatures." Micromachines 16, no. 6 (2025): 691. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16060691.

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Perfusable microvasculature is critical for advancing in vitro tissue models, particularly for neural applications where limited diffusion impairs organoid growth and fails to replicate neurovascular function. This study presents a versatile fabrication platform that integrates mesh-driven design, two-photon lithography (TPL), and modular interfacing to create multi-material, perfusable 3D microvasculatures. Various 2D and 3D capillary paths were test-printed using both polygonal and lattice support strategies. A double-layered capillary scaffold based on the Hilbert curve was used for compara

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Park, Sehhoon, Jongchan Park, Minuk Ma, et al. "Abstract 5399: Deep learning-based ensemble model using H&E images for the prediction of KRAS G12C mutations in non-small cell lung cancer." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (2023): 5399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-5399.

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Abstract Background: As the KRAS G12C mutation became targetable in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), tissue based KRAS mutation test is now an essential practice for the treatment decision. Recently, predicting KRAS mutations using deep-learning models with H&E images to potentially increase the pre-test probability has been reported with modest performance. Herein, we conducted a novel approach to improve the performance of KRAS G12C prediction based on an ensemble model trained not solely on H&E images, but also with multi-layered semantic content produced by a pre-trained artific

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Perel, Efrat, and Uri Yechiali. "FINITE TWO LAYERED QUEUEING SYSTEMS." Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences 30, no. 3 (2016): 492–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269964816000139.

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We study layered queueing systems comprised two interlacing finite M/M/• type queues, where users of each layer are the servers of the other layer. Examples can be found in file sharing programs, SETI@home project, etc. Let Li denote the number of users in layer i, i=1, 2. We consider the following operating modes: (i) All users present in layer i join forces together to form a single server for the users in layer j (j≠i), with overall service rate μjLi (that changes dynamically as a function of the state of layer i). (ii) Each of the users present in layer i individually acts as a server for

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Takahashi, Yuki, Kei Tsukamoto, Rii Morimura, et al. "A unique ex vivo tumor model: 3D cocultured system with cancer and stromal cells including blood microvessels." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 4_suppl (2020): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.4_suppl.211.

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211 Background: Importance of interaction between cancer and stromal cells has been widely recognized in tumor progression and tolerance against treatment. Although 2D culture and spheroid consisting only cancer cells still remains the preferred platform for most laboratory preclinical studies while these provide only limited information about tumor microenvironment. In order to mimic the patient tumor tissue, ex vivo model which recaptures the tumor microenvironment is required. Methods: Layered 3D stromal tissues comprising microvascular network were produced by culturing fibroblasts and end

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You, Yuru, Feng Xu, Lingling Liu, Songyue Chen, Zhengmao Ding, and Daoheng Sun. "Construction of Thick Myocardial Tissue through Layered Seeding in Multi-Layer Nanofiber Scaffolds." Polymers 16, no. 18 (2024): 2664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16182664.

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A major challenge in myocardial tissue engineering is replicating the heart’s highly complex three-dimensional (3D) anisotropic structure. Heart-on-a-chip (HOC) is an emerging technology for constructing myocardial tissue in vitro in recent years, but most existing HOC systems face difficulties in constructing 3D myocardial tissue aligned with multiple cell layers. Electrospun nanofibers are commonly used as scaffolds for cell growth in myocardial tissue engineering, which can structurally simulate the extracellular matrix to induce the aligned growth of myocardial cells. Here, we developed an

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Vishwanath, Karthik, and Mary-Ann Mycek. "Time-resolved photon migration in bi-layered tissue models." Optics Express 13, no. 19 (2005): 7466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/opex.13.007466.

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FEKETE, SÁNDOR P., and JOSEPH S. B. MITCHELL. "TERRAIN DECOMPOSITION AND LAYERED MANUFACTURING." International Journal of Computational Geometry & Applications 11, no. 06 (2001): 647–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218195901000687.

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We consider a problem that arises in generating three-dimensional models by methods of layered manufacturing: How does one decompose a given model P into a small number of sub-models each of which is a terrain polyhedron? Terrain polyhedra have a base facet such that, for each point of the polyhedron, the line segment joining the point to its orthogonal projection on the base facet lies within the polyhedron. Terrain polyhedra are exactly the class of polyhedral models for which it is possible to construct the model using layered manufacturing (with layers parallel to the base facet), without

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Palo, Mirja, Sophie Rönkönharju, Kairi Tiirik, Laura Viidik, Niklas Sandler, and Karin Kogermann. "Bi-Layered Polymer Carriers with Surface Modification by Electrospinning for Potential Wound Care Applications." Pharmaceutics 11, no. 12 (2019): 678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11120678.

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Polymeric wound dressings with advanced properties are highly preferred formulations to promote the tissue healing process in wound care. In this study, a combinational technique was investigated for the fabrication of bi-layered carriers from a blend of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and sodium alginate (SA). The bi-layered carriers were prepared by solvent casting in combination with two surface modification approaches: electrospinning or three-dimensional (3D) printing. The bi-layered carriers were characterized and evaluated in terms of physical, physicochemical, adhesive properties and for the s

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Barthold, Jeanne E., Kaitlin P. McCreery, Jaylene Martinez, et al. "Particulate ECM biomaterial ink is 3D printed and naturally crosslinked to form structurally-layered and lubricated cartilage tissue mimics." Biofabrication 14, no. 2 (2022): 025021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1758-5090/ac584c.

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Abstract Articular cartilage is a layered tissue with a complex, heterogeneous structure and lubricated surface which is challenging to reproduce using traditional tissue engineering methods. Three-dimensional printing techniques have enabled engineering of complex scaffolds for cartilage regeneration, but constructs fail to replicate the unique zonal layers, and limited cytocompatible crosslinkers exist. To address the need for mechanically robust, layered scaffolds, we developed an extracellular matrix particle-based biomaterial ink (pECM biomaterial ink) which can be extruded, polymerizes v

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Kober, Johanna, Alfred Gugerell, Melanie Schmid, Lars-Peter Kamolz, and Maike Keck. "Generation of a Fibrin Based Three-Layered Skin Substitute." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/170427.

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A variety of skin substitutes that restore epidermal and dermal structures are currently available on the market. However, the main focus in research and clinical application lies on dermal and epidermal substitutes whereas the development of a subcutaneous replacement (hypodermis) is often disregarded. In this study we used fibrin sealant as hydrogel scaffold to generate a three-layered skin substitute. For the hypodermal layer adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and mature adipocytes were embedded in the fibrin hydrogel and were combined with another fibrin clot with fibroblasts for the constr

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Lai, Bo-Wei, Yin-Yu Chang, Tzong-Ming Shieh, and Heng-Li Huang. "Biocompatibility and Microstructure-Based Stress Analyses of TiNbZrTa Composite Films." Materials 15, no. 1 (2021): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15010029.

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Background: the clinical application of orthopedic or dental implants improves the quality of the lives of patients. However, the long-term use of implants may lead to implant loosening and related complications. The purpose of this study is to deposit titanium (Ti)-niobium (Nb)-zirconium (Zr)-tantalum (Ta) alloys on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V to increase structural strength and biocompatibility for the possible future application of implants. Materials and methods: Ti, Nb, Zr, and Ta served as the materials for the surface modification of the titanium alloy. TiNbZr and TiNbZrTa coatings were pr

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Sugiyama, Tomoyo, Yoshihisa Kanaji, Masahiro Hoshino, et al. "Relationship of OCT-defined plaque characteristics with CCTA-derived coronary inflammation and CMR-derived global coronary flow reserve in patients with acute coronary syndrome." PLOS ONE 18, no. 5 (2023): e0286196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0286196.

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Background The relationship of layered plaque detected by optical coherence tomography (OCT) with coronary inflammation and coronary flow reserve (CFR) remains elusive. We aimed to investigate the association of OCT-defined layered plaque with pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) inflammation assessed by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and global (G)-CFR assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods We retrospectively investigated 88 patients with first ACS who underwent preprocedural CCTA, OCT imaging of the culprit

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Panieraki, Argyro, Nasim Mahmoodi, Carl Anthony, Rosemary J. Dyson, and Lauren E. J. Thomas-Seale. "Exploring the Mechanical Properties of Bioprinted Multi-Layered Polyvinyl Alcohol Cryogel for Vascular Applications." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 9, no. 6 (2025): 173. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp9060173.

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Polyvinyl alcohol cryogels (PVA-C) are promising materials for vascular tissue engineering due to their biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, and tuneable mechanical properties. This study investigates the mechanical performance of multi-layered PVA-C constructs fabricated via sub-zero extrusion-based three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting. Samples with two, four, and six alternating layers were evaluated to assess the effect of layered architecture on elastic and viscoelastic behaviour. Uniaxial tensile testing revealed that increasing the number of layers led to a moderate reduction in stiffness; fo

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Swartling, Johannes, Antonio Pifferi, Annika M. K. Enejder, and Stefan Andersson-Engels. "Accelerated Monte Carlo models to simulate fluorescence spectra from layered tissues." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 20, no. 4 (2003): 714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.20.000714.

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Iwase, Masaki, Masumi Yamada, Emi Yamada, and Minoru Seki. "Formation of Cell Aggregates Using Microfabricated Hydrogel Chambers for Assembly into Larger Tissues." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 25, no. 4 (2013): 682–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2013.p0682.

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This paper presents a fabrication process for cell aggregates with controlled shapes that can be used as building units for constructing relatively large tissue models. Microfabricated hydrogel-based chambers with non-adhesive surface characteristics were prepared via a micromolding process. Alginate was used as the hydrogel matrix, which facilitated the efficient formation of aggregates from cells retained inside the microchamber. We employed several types of toroidal and lattice-shaped hydrogel microchambers with different geometries. We examined the effect of cell type on the aggregate form

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Cao, Wei, Zhiyong Xiao, Fanglu Luo, Yizhen Ma, and Rui Xu. "Comparison of Topographic Roughness of Layered Deposits on Mars." Remote Sensing 15, no. 9 (2023): 2272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15092272.

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Impact craters with layered ejecta deposits are widespread on Mars. Prevailing views suggest that such ejecta were formed due to the involvement of target water and/or water ice in the impact excavation and/or the post-deposition movement of the impact ejecta. The long-runout landslides and lobate debris aprons that are likely formed due to the involvement of water ice are used as analogs to compare roughness at multiple scales, considering that these three landforms share some similarities in their geomorphology. Analog studies of the morphological similarities and differences of layered ejec

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Sorin, Valery. "Accuracy study of velocity estimation in 3-D layered models." GEOPHYSICS 60, no. 5 (1995): 1567–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443889.

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Velocity estimation is examined in 3-D layered structures formed by plane and curved interfaces. The applied technique of coherency inversion tests the layer velocity through the repeating sequence of ray migration/coherency measurement. The reconstructed velocity‐depth model fits zero‐offset reflection times and maximizes semblance on input common midpoint (CMP) gathers. The correctness of layer velocity analysis disregarding the three‐dimensionality of the structures is under consideration. Using the 2-D coherency inversion technique, velocity is correctly determined in the upper layer of th

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Egeler, Sabine, Anna Johnson, Winona Wu, et al. "En bloc Resection of Solitary Cranial Tumors: An Algorithmic Reconstructive Approach." Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery Open 04, no. 01 (2019): e14-e23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1678703.

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Background This study analyzes the surgical outcomes for single setting surgeries involving en-bloc solitary calvarial tumor resection in combination with three-layered reconstruction, presenting a novel planning algorithm. Methods Data were retrieved for all patients undergoing single-stage tumor excision, using our novel three-layered reconstructive approach (duraplasty, cranioplasty, and soft tissue reconstruction) between 2005 and 2017 at a single tertiary hospital center. Patients ≥18 years with a Karnofsky Performance score (KPS) >70 and a life expectancy of > 2 months were include

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Li, Yurun, Zhixin Liu, Cuiru Sun, et al. "Quasi-Static Mechanical Biomimetics Evaluation of Car Crash Dummy Skin." Biomimetics 9, no. 12 (2024): 762. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9120762.

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Accurate replication of soft tissue properties is essential for the development of car crash test dummy skin to ensure the precision of biomechanical injury data. However, the intricacy of multi-layer soft tissue poses challenges in standardizing the development and testing of dummy skin materials to emulate soft tissue properties. This study presents a comprehensive testing and analysis of the compressive mechanical properties of both single and multi-layered soft tissues and car crash dummy skin materials, aiming to enhance the biofidelity of dummy skin. We presented one-term Ogden hyperelas

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Jomaah, Muyasser M., and Diyaree J. Ghaidan. "Energy Absorption Capacity Of Layered Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Beams With Openings In Web." Civil Engineering Journal 5, no. 3 (2019): 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2019-03091279.

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This research presents the flexural behavior on reinforced concrete beam with transverse web opening constructed from layered concrete. The layered concrete combining normal concrete and lightweight aggregate concrete (LWC) are depended in present study. In the experimental program, 13 models of normal and layered reinforced concrete beams are tested under the effect of four-point loads. All beams had the same overall geometrical dimensions and main longitudinal top and bottom with internal diagonal reinforcement provided around the openings. One of the beam specimen is tested as control beam

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Wang, Jing Yi, and Yu Kun Bai. "Analysis of Dispersion Properties of Chirped Long-Period Fiber Grating Based on Two Fiber Analysis Models." Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.20.

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In this paper, the difference of core-mode effective refractive indices (RIs) and the long-period fiber grating (LPFG) resonant wavelength in an uniaxial-crystal fiber resulted from two fiber analysis models were demonstrated and analyzed. The two models are two-layered medium model which is normally used for conventional single-mode optical communications fiber and three-layered medium model. Using Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) based on Coupled-Mode Theory (CMT), the different dispersion properties of chirped long-period fiber gratings (CLPFG) calculated by both models were compared. The resul

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