Academic literature on the topic 'Two-level alignment'
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Journal articles on the topic "Two-level alignment"
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Ji, Guo Li, Long Teng Chen, and Liang Liang Chen. "Two-Level Parallel Alignment Based on Sequence Parallel Vectorization." Applied Mechanics and Materials 490-491 (January 2014): 757–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.490-491.757.
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This paper proposed a way of two-level parallel alignment based on sequence parallel vectorization with GPU acceleration on the Fermi architecture, which integrates sequence parallel vectorization, parallel k-means clustering approximate alignment and parallel Smith-Waterman algorithm. The method converts sequence alignment into vector alignment by first. Then it uses k-means alignment to divide sequences into several groups and reduce the size of sequence data. The expected accurate alignment result is achieved using parallel Smith-Waterman algorithm. The high-throughput mouse T-cell receptor (TCR) sequences were used to validate the proposed method. Under the same hardware condition, comparing to serial Smith-Waterman algorithm and CUDASW++2.0 algorithm, our method is the most efficient alignment algorithm with high alignment accuracy.
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Tarafdar, Monideepa, and Sufian Qrunfleh. "IT-Business Alignment: A Two-Level Analysis." Information Systems Management 26, no. 4 (October 14, 2009): 338–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10580530903245705.
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Shu, Jian-Jun, Kian Yan Yong, and Weng Kong Chan. "An Improved Scoring Matrix for Multiple Sequence Alignment." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/490649.
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The way for performing multiple sequence alignment is based on the criterion of the maximum-scored information content computed from a weight matrix, but it is possible to have two or more alignments to have the same highest score leading to ambiguities in selecting the best alignment. This paper addresses this issue by introducing the concept of joint weight matrix to eliminate the randomness in selecting the best multiple sequence alignment. Alignments with equal scores are iteratively rescored with the joint weight matrix of increasing level (nucleotide pairs, triplets, and so on) until one single best alignment is eventually found. This method for resolving ambiguity in multiple sequence alignment can be easily implemented by use of the improved scoring matrix.
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Shallal, Mohammed. "Alignment of Curriculum Elements at the Course Level : Two Useful Tools." Academic Journal of Nawroz University 7, no. 3 (2018): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v7n3a204.
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Zinszer, Benjamin D., Andrew J. Anderson, Olivia Kang, Thalia Wheatley, and Rajeev D. S. Raizada. "Semantic Structural Alignment of Neural Representational Spaces Enables Translation between English and Chinese Words." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 28, no. 11 (November 2016): 1749–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01000.
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Two sets of items can share the same underlying conceptual structure, while appearing unrelated at a surface level. Humans excel at recognizing and using alignments between such underlying structures in many domains of cognition, most notably in analogical reasoning. Here we show that structural alignment reveals how different people's neural representations of word meaning are preserved across different languages, such that patterns of brain activation can be used to translate words from one language to another. Groups of Chinese and English speakers underwent fMRI scanning while reading words in their respective native languages. Simply by aligning structures representing the two groups' neural semantic spaces, we successfully infer all seven Chinese–English word translations. Beyond language translation, conceptual structural alignment underlies many aspects of high-level cognition, and this work opens the door to deriving many such alignments directly from neural representational content.
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Li, Huashan, Zhibin Lin, Mark T. Lusk, and Zhigang Wu. "Charge separation at nanoscale interfaces: Energy-level alignment including two-quasiparticle interactions." Journal of Chemical Physics 141, no. 15 (October 17, 2014): 154701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4898155.
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Kanagarajadurai, Karuppiah, Singaravelu Kalaimathy, Paramasivam Nagarajan, and Ramanathan Sowdhamini. "PASS2." International Journal of Knowledge Discovery in Bioinformatics 2, no. 4 (October 2011): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jkdb.2011100104.
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A detailed comparison of protein domains that belong to families and superfamilies shows that structure is better conserved than sequence during evolutionary divergence. Sequence alignments, guided by structural features, permit a better sampling of the protein sequence space and effective construction of libraries for fold recognition. Sequence alignments are useful evolutionary models in defining structure-function relationships for protein superfamilies. The PASS2 database, maintained by the authors, presents alignments of proteins related at the superfamily level and characterised by low sequence similarity. The number of new superfamilies increased to 47% compared with the previous PASS2 version, which shows the crucial importance of updating the PASS2 database. In the current release of the PASS2 database, they align protein superfamilies using a structural alignment protocol. The authors also introduce two alignment assessment methods that depend on the average structural deviations of domains and the extent of conserved secondary structures. They also integrate new and important structural and sequence features at the superfamily level into the database. These features are conserved-unconserved blocks in proteins, spatial distribution of sequences using principal component analysis and a statistical view for each superfamily. The authors suggest that highly structurally deviant superfamily members could be removed as outliers, so that such extreme distant relationships will not obscure the alignment. They report a nearly-automated, updated version of the superfamily alignment database, consisting of 1776 superfamilies and 9536 protein domains, that is in direct correspondence with the SCOP (1.73) database.
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Barlowe, Scott, Heather B. Coan, and Robert T. Youker. "SubVis: an interactive R package for exploring the effects of multiple substitution matrices on pairwise sequence alignment." PeerJ 5 (June 27, 2017): e3492. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3492.
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Understanding how proteins mutate is critical to solving a host of biological problems. Mutations occur when an amino acid is substituted for another in a protein sequence. The set of likelihoods for amino acid substitutions is stored in a matrix and input to alignment algorithms. The quality of the resulting alignment is used to assess the similarity of two or more sequences and can vary according to assumptions modeled by the substitution matrix. Substitution strategies with minor parameter variations are often grouped together in families. For example, the BLOSUM and PAM matrix families are commonly used because they provide a standard, predefined way of modeling substitutions. However, researchers often do not know if a given matrix family or any individual matrix within a family is the most suitable. Furthermore, predefined matrix families may inaccurately reflect a particular hypothesis that a researcher wishes to model or otherwise result in unsatisfactory alignments. In these cases, the ability to compare the effects of one or more custom matrices may be needed. This laborious process is often performed manually because the ability to simultaneously load multiple matrices and then compare their effects on alignments is not readily available in current software tools. This paper presents SubVis, an interactive R package for loading and applying multiple substitution matrices to pairwise alignments. Users can simultaneously explore alignments resulting from multiple predefined and custom substitution matrices. SubVis utilizes several of the alignment functions found in R, a common language among protein scientists. Functions are tied together with the Shiny platform which allows the modification of input parameters. Information regarding alignment quality and individual amino acid substitutions is displayed with the JavaScript language which provides interactive visualizations for revealing both high-level and low-level alignment information.
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Easa, Said M., and Essam Dabbour. "Design radius requirements for simple horizontal curves on three-dimensional alignments." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 30, no. 6 (December 1, 2003): 1022–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l03-022.
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Current North American design guides have established mathematical relationships to calculate the minimum radius required for horizontal curves as a function of design speed, maximum superelevation, and maximum side friction. For three-dimensional (3-D) alignments, the design guides consider the alignment as two separate horizontal and vertical alignments and consequently ignore the effect of vertical alignment. This paper evaluates the effect of vertical alignment on minimum radius requirements using computer simulation, with a focus on trucks. For 3-D alignments, the results showed that existing design guidelines for minimum radius need to be increased by as much as 20% to achieve the same comfort limit on flat horizontal curves. It is interesting to note that in some cases truck rollover occurred before the side-friction comfort level is reached. This indicates the need for developing a different design control for trucks on 3-D alignments than the comfort criterion used for passenger cars on flat horizontal curves. Based on the simulation results, mathematical models for design radius requirements for passenger cars and trucks were developed.Key words: geometric design, horizontal curve radius, three-dimensional alignments, vehicle stability.
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Lalwani, Soniya, Rajesh Kumar, and Kusum Deep. "Multi-objective two-level swarm intelligence approach for multiple RNA sequence-structure alignment." Swarm and Evolutionary Computation 34 (June 2017): 130–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.swevo.2017.02.002.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Two-level alignment"
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Marhatta, Ramesh. "Circular polarization spectroscopy disorientation cross-section in the 133Cs 6p2 P3/2 level by using two-photon two-color nano-second pulsed laser /." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1185434201.
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Marhatta, Ramesh. "Circular Polarization Spectroscopy: Disorientation Cross-Section in the 133Cs 6p2 P3/2 Level by Using Two-Photon Two-Color Nano-Second Pulsed Laser." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1185434201.
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Pedralho, André de Souza. "Extração automática de dados de páginas HTML utilizando alinhamento em dois níveis." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2011. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/2897.
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Previous issue date: 2011-07-28There is a huge amount of information in the World Wide Web in pages composed by similar objects. E-commerce Web sites and on-line catalogs, in general, are examples of such data repositories. Although this information usually occurs in semi-structured texts, it is designed to be interpreted and used by humans and not processed by machines. The identification of these objects inWeb pages is performed by external applications called extractors or wrappers. In this work we propose and evaluate an automatic approach to the problem of generating wrappers capable of extracting and structuring data records and the values of their attributes. It uses the Tree Alignment Algorithm to find in the Web page examples of objects of interest. Then, our method generates regular expressions for extracting objects similar to the examples given using the Multiple Sequence Alignment Algorithm. In a final step, the method decomposes the objects in sequences of text using the regular expression and common formats and delimiters, in order to identify the value of the attributes of the data records. Experiments using a collection composed by 128 Web pages from different domains have demonstrated the feasibility of our extraction method. It is evaluated regarding the identification of blocks of HTML source code that contain data records and regarding record extraction and the value of its attributes. It reached a precision of 83% and a recall of 80% when extracting the value of attributes. These values mean a gain in precision of 43.37% and in recall of 68.75% when compared to similar proposals.
Existe uma grande quantidade de informação na World Wide Web em páginas compostas por objetos similares. Web sites de comércio eletrônico e catálogos online, em geral, são exemplos destes repositórios de dados. Apesar destes dados serem apresentados em porções de texto semi-estruturados, são projetados para serem interpretados e utilizados por humanos e não processados por máquinas. A identificação destes objetos em páginas Web é feita por aplicações externas chamadas extratores ou wrappers. Neste trabalho propomos e avaliamos um método automático para o problema de extrair e estruturar registros e valores de seus atributos presentes em páginas Web ricas em dados. O método utiliza um Algoritmo de Alinhamento de Árvores para encontrar nestas páginas exemplos de registros que correspondem a objetos de interesse. Em seguida, o método gera expressões regulares para extrair objetos similares aos exemplos dados usando o Algoritmo de Alinhamento de Múltiplas Sequências. Em um passo final, o método decompõe os registros em sequências de texto aplicando a expressão regular criada e formatações e delimitadores comuns, com o intuito de identificar os valores dos atributos dos registros. Experimentos utilizando uma coleção composta por 128 páginasWeb de diferentes domínios demonstram a viabilidade do nosso método de extração. O método foi avaliado em relação à identificação de blocos de código HTML que contêm os registros e quanto à extração dos registros e dos valores de seus atributos. Obtivemos precisão de 83% e revocação de 80% na extração de valores de atributos. Estes valores significam um ganho na precisão de 43,37% e na revocação de 68,75%, em relação a propostas similares
Books on the topic "Two-level alignment"
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Hawkins, Angus. Political Parties. Edited by David Brown, Gordon Pentland, and Robert Crowcroft. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198714897.013.32.
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This chapter examines the emergence, roles, and meanings of ‘party’ within British politics from the late eighteenth century to the present day. It traces the transition from ‘mixed’ government to ‘parliamentary’ government and ultimately to ‘party’ government. The altered function and nature of political parties within these shifting constitutional contexts is assessed. How parties functioned at the parliamentary and local level is also explored. It moves on to consider how historians have approached different aspects of party activity—their organization of the contest for power in Parliament; specific party histories; embodiments of ideology; how parties have organized themselves; winning elections—and evaluates the role of the idea of a ‘two-party system’ within British politics and historiography as the ‘natural’ alignment of party activity.
Book chapters on the topic "Two-level alignment"
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Huang, Jia, Hao Ding, Xiaohua Hu, and Yong Liu. "A Two-level Approach for Subtitle Alignment." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 468–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06028-6_43.
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Kim, Seonho, Juntae Yoon, and Dong-Yul Ra. "Two-Level Alignment by Words and Phrases Based on Syntactic Information." In Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing, 309–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24630-5_38.
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Sartori, Nicolò. "EU–Turkey Energy Dialogue: Moving Beyond the Accession Negotiations Framework." In EU-Turkey Relations, 373–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70890-0_15.
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AbstractEnergy has long been perceived as a policy field where mutual strategic interests could lead to progressive policy convergence and enhanced cooperation between the EU and Turkey. This chapter evaluates the evolution of energy relations between the EU and Turkey, starting from early 2000s, paying specific attention to the key energy policies and the main bilateral dynamics in place in the energy domain. It analyzes the energy profiles and interests of Brussels and Ankara in order to evaluate whether or not the EU and Turkey have adopted mutually beneficial initiatives that foster convergence between the parties. Despite Ankara’s attempt to link energy cooperation primarily to the accession negotiations process, the EU has been able to keep the two tracks separated through the launch of parallel institutional initiatives which led to progressive policy alignment as long as the bilateral political conditions allowed it to maintain a structured dialogue. In recent years, the stalemate in accession negotiations and the rising tensions in the Eastern Mediterranean brought EU–Turkey energy dialogue to its historical low. Bottom-up technical and regulatory collaboration represents the most effective way to progress in bilateral energy cooperation, by decoupling energy dialogue from the formal accession negotiation process and underplaying the effects of high level political conflicts.
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Aversano, Lerina, Carmine Grasso, and Maria Tortorella. "ALBIS." In Sociotechnical Enterprise Information Systems Design and Integration, 188–206. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-3664-4.ch012.
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The evaluation of the alignment level existing between a business process and the supporting software systems is a critical concern for an organization, as the higher the alignment level is, the better the process performance is. Monitoring the alignment implies the characterization of all the items it involves and definition of measures for evaluating it. This is a complex task, and the availability of automatic tools for supporting evaluation and evolution activities may be precious. This chapter presents the ALBIS Environment (Aligning Business Processes and Information Systems), designed to support software maintenance tasks. In particular, the proposed environment allows the modeling and tracing between business and software entities and the measurement of their alignment degree. An information retrieval approach is embedded in ALBIS based on two processing phases including syntactic and semantic analysis. The usefulness of the environment is discussed through two case studies.
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Lightfoot, Kenneth, and David Schwager. "Alignment of Course Objectives and Assessment Items." In Cases on Distance Delivery and Learning Outcomes, 97–109. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-870-3.ch007.
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This case study examines how achieving close alignment between course objectives and course assessments should be an essential goal in the course design/revision process regardless of what mode of delivery is involved. By examining the revision of two courses (Western Civilization I & II) offered at Thomas Edison State College, the authors demonstrate how the application of sound instructional design principles to achieve this alignment resulted in the measurable improvement of student learning outcomes. The major issue examined in this study is how to achieve a close correlation between what a course states that a student should be able to do after successful completion, what practice it offers them to achieve this proficiency, and how they are assessed to determine what level of proficiency they have attained.
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Vidyasagar, M. "Blast Theory." In Hidden Markov Processes. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691133157.003.0009.
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This chapter deals with BLAST theory. BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) is a widely used statistical method for finding similarities between sequences of symbols from finite alphabets. While the theory is completely general, the most widely used applications are to comparing sequences of nucleotides and sequences of amino acids. The fundamental objective of BLAST theory is to align sequences as well as possible, and then make a determination as to the level of statistical significance of the alignment. Thus one computes a “maximal segmental score” of the alignment between the two sequences, and tests to see whether the maximal segmental score could have been obtained purely as a matter of chance. The chapter presents the main results of BLAST theory, focusing on the moment generating function and application of the results. It also presents the proofs of the main results.
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Gomes, Jorge, and Mário Romão. "Aligning Information Systems and Technology with Benefit Management and Balanced Scorecard." In Strategic IT Governance and Alignment in Business Settings, 112–31. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0861-8.ch005.
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Investments in Information Systems and Technology (IS/IT) have not always generated the business value or the financial revenue that should be expected. Some authors argue that the result of those studies that related investments in IS/IT to increased organisational performance over the last thirty years were far from true. Others say that the amount spent on IS/IT and business success has no direct connection. The relationship between IS/IT and performance is widely discussed, but is little understood. Organizations today need to deliver more complex products and demanding services in a better, faster, and cheaper way. The challenges that companies address today require enterprise-wide solutions that call for an integrated approach and the effective management of organizational resources in order to achieve business objectives. Benefits Management (BM) approach proposes a continuous mapping of the benefits of IS/IT investments, implementing and monitoring intermediate results. Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is an innovative approach that considers the financial and non-financial perspectives in determining the performance level of an organization. Not only does it represent a measurement tool, but it is also a multi-dimensional system of performance management which focusses on the alignment of all business initiatives with the strategy. In this paper, the authors propose a link between these two approaches to improve the management of business benefits and to ensure that actions taken along the investment life-cycle lead to foreseen benefits realization. The goal of this integration is to propose a framework that combines the “best of” the both methods. A key issue of this combination lies in the fact that all involved stakeholders must understand more clearly what is required, what is realistically expected, and what is possible to achieve from these investments.
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Li, Peilin, Sang-Heon Lee, and Hung-Yao Hsu. "Use of Bi-Camera and Fusion of Pairwise Real Time Citrus Fruit Image for Classification Application." In Computer Vision and Image Processing in Intelligent Systems and Multimedia Technologies, 54–81. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6030-4.ch004.
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In this chapter, the use of two images, the near infrared image and the color image, from a bi-camera machine vision system is investigated to improve the detection of the citrus fruits in the image. The application has covered the design of the bi-camera vision system to align two CCD cameras, the online acquisition of the citrus fruit tree image, and the fusion of two aligned images. In the system, two cameras have been registered with alignment to ensure the fusion of two images. A fusion method has been developed based on the Multiscale Decomposition Analysis (MSD) with a Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) application for the two dimensional signal. In the fusion process, two image quality issues have been addressed. One is the detail noise from the background, which is bounded with the envelope spectra and with similar spectra to orange citrus fruit and spatial variance property. The second is the enhancement of the fundamental envelope spectra using two source images. With level of MSD estimated, the noise is reduced by zeroing the high pass coefficients in DWT while the fundamental envelope spectra from the color image are enhanced by an arithmetic pixel level fusion rule. To evaluate the significant improvement of the image quality, some major classification methods are applied to compare the classified results from the fused image with the results from the types of color image. The misclassification error is measured by the empirical type errors using the manual segmentation reference image.
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Zhou, Taomo. "Revolutionary Diplomacy and Diasporic Politics." In Migration in the Time of Revolution, 1–16. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501739934.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter provides a background of the intertwined histories of the People's Republic of China and Indonesia. During the Cold War, the PRC and Indonesia were connected by two kinds of ties. On the state-to-state level, in the early 1960s Beijing and Jakarta forged a strategic alignment built on a shared past of anticolonial struggle and an anticipated future of independence from the Cold War superpowers. On the transnational level, even though China and Indonesia do not share geographical borders, the existence of 2.5 million ethnic Chinese in Indonesia—many of whom had economic influence but an unclear citizenship status—gave rise to a porous social frontier. This book then interweaves the evolution of diplomatic relations with the sociopolitical lives of the Chinese in Indonesia. The overseas Chinese were, and still are, an important but highly controversial resource for the PRC's advancement of political and economic interests abroad. However, the precise extent of the PRC's control over the diaspora remains obscure.
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Hamer, Rebecca, and Erik Jan van Rossum. "Students' Conceptions of Understanding and Its Assessment." In Innovative Practices for Higher Education Assessment and Measurement, 140–61. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0531-0.ch008.
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Understanding means different things to different people, influencing what and how students learn and teachers teach. Mainstream understanding of understanding has not progressed beyond the first level of constructivist learning and thinking, ie academic understanding. This study, based on 167 student narratives, presents two hitherto unknown conceptions of understanding matching more complex ways of knowing, understanding-in-relativism and understanding-in-supercomplexity requiring the development of more complex versions of constructive alignment. Students comment that multiple choice testing encourages learning focused on recall and recognition, while academic understanding is not assessed often and more complex forms of understanding are hardly assessed at all in higher education. However, if study success depends on assessments-of-learning that credit them for meaning oriented learning and deeper understanding, students will put in effort to succeed.
Conference papers on the topic "Two-level alignment"
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Li, Ang, Jianzhong Qi, Rui Zhang, Xingjun Ma, and Kotagiri Ramamohanarao. "Generative Image Inpainting with Submanifold Alignment." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/114.
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Image inpainting aims at restoring missing regions of corrupted images, which has many applications such as image restoration and object removal. However, current GAN-based generative inpainting models do not explicitly exploit the structural or textural consistency between restored contents and their surrounding contexts. To address this limitation, we propose to enforce the alignment (or closeness) between the local data submanifolds (subspaces) around restored images and those around the original (uncorrupted) images during the learning process of GAN-based inpainting models. We exploit Local Intrinsic Dimensionality (LID) to measure, in deep feature space, the alignment between data submanifolds learned by a GAN model and those of the original data, from a perspective of both images (denoted as iLID) and local patches (denoted as pLID) of images. We then apply iLID and pLID as regularizations for GAN-based inpainting models to encourage two different levels of submanifold alignments: 1) an image-level alignment to improve structural consistency, and 2) a patch-level alignment to improve textural details. Experimental results on four benchmark datasets show that our proposed model can generate more accurate results than state-of-the-art models.
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"ARCHETYPE ALIGNMENT - A Two-level Driven Semantic Matching Approach to Interoperability in the Clinical Domain." In International Conference on Health Informatics. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0001541502160221.
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Park, Yeong Don, Jeong Ho Cho, Do Hwan Kim, Wi Hyoung Lee, and Kilwon Cho. "Energy-Level Alignment at Interfaces between Gold and Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Films with two Different Molecular Structures." In SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION: Ninth International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2436377.
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Ji, Zhong, Kexin Chen, and Haoran Wang. "Step-Wise Hierarchical Alignment Network for Image-Text Matching." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/106.
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Image-text matching plays a central role in bridging the semantic gap between vision and language. The key point to achieve precise visual-semantic alignment lies in capturing the fine-grained cross-modal correspondence between image and text. Most previous methods rely on single-step reasoning to discover the visual-semantic interactions, which lacks the ability of exploiting the multi-level information to locate the hierarchical fine-grained relevance. Different from them, in this work, we propose a step-wise hierarchical alignment network (SHAN) that decomposes image-text matching into multi-step cross-modal reasoning process. Specifically, we first achieve local-to-local alignment at fragment level, following by performing global-to-local and global-to-global alignment at context level sequentially. This progressive alignment strategy supplies our model with more complementary and sufficient semantic clues to understand the hierarchical correlations between image and text. The experimental results on two benchmark datasets demonstrate the superiority of our proposed method.
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Pei, Shichao, Lu Yu, and Xiangliang Zhang. "Improving Cross-lingual Entity Alignment via Optimal Transport." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/448.
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Cross-lingual entity alignment identifies entity pairs that share the same meanings but locate in different language knowledge graphs (KGs). The study in this paper is to address two limitations that widely exist in current solutions: 1) the alignment loss functions defined at the entity level serve well the purpose of aligning labeled entities but fail to match the whole picture of labeled and unlabeled entities in different KGs; 2) the translation from one domain to the other has been considered (e.g., X to Y by M1 or Y to X by M2). However, the important duality of alignment between different KGs (X to Y by M1 and Y to X by M2) is ignored. We propose a novel entity alignment framework (OTEA), which dually optimizes the entity-level loss and group-level loss via optimal transport theory. We also impose a regularizer on the dual translation matrices to mitigate the effect of noise during transformation. Extensive experimental results show that our model consistently outperforms the state-of-the-arts with significant improvements on alignment accuracy.
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Ren, Fuxin, Zhongbao Zhang, Jiawei Zhang, Sen Su, Li Sun, Guozhen Zhu, and Congying Guo. "BANANA: when Behavior ANAlysis meets social Network Alignment." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/200.
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Recently, aligning users among different social networks has received significant attention. However, most of the existing studies do not consider users’ behavior information during the aligning procedure and thus still suffer from the poor learning performance. In fact, we observe that social network alignment and behavior analysis can benefit from each other. Motivated by such an observation, we propose to jointly study the social network alignment problem and user behavior analysis problem. We design a novel end-to-end framework named BANANA. In this framework, to leverage behavior analysis for social network alignment at the distribution level, we design an earth mover’s distance based alignment model to fuse users’ behavior information for more comprehensive user representations. To further leverage social network alignment for behavior analysis, in turn, we design a temporal graph neural network model to fuse behavior information in different social networks based on the alignment result. Two models above can work together in an end-to-end manner. Through extensive experiments on real-world datasets, we demonstrate that our proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in the social network alignment task and the user behavior analysis task, respectively.
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Zhou, Heyu, Weizhi Nie, Wenhui Li, Dan Song, and An-An Liu. "Hierarchical Instance Feature Alignment for 2D Image-Based 3D Shape Retrieval." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/117.
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2D image-based 3D shape retrieval has become a hot research topic since its wide industrial applications and academic significance. However, existing view-based 3D shape retrieval methods are restricted by two settings, 1) learn the common-class features while neglecting the instance visual characteristics, 2) narrow the global domain variations while ignoring the local semantic variations in each category. To overcome these problems, we propose a novel hierarchical instance feature alignment (HIFA) method for this task. HIFA consists of two modules, cross-modal instance feature learning and hierarchical instance feature alignment. Specifically, we first use CNN to extract both 2D image and multi-view features. Then, we maximize the mutual information between the input data and the high-level feature to preserve as much as visual characteristics of an individual instance. To mix up the features in two domains, we enforce feature alignment considering both global domain and local semantic levels. By narrowing the global domain variations we impose the identical large norm restriction on both 2D and 3D feature-norm expectations to facilitate more transferable possibility. By narrowing the local variations we propose to minimize the distance between two centroids of the same class from different domains to obtain semantic consistency. Extensive experiments on two popular and novel datasets, MI3DOR and MI3DOR-2, validate the superiority of HIFA for 2D image-based 3D shape retrieval task.
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Zhu, Qiannan, Xiaofei Zhou, Jia Wu, Jianlong Tan, and Li Guo. "Neighborhood-Aware Attentional Representation for Multilingual Knowledge Graphs." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/269.
Full textAbstract:
Multilingual knowledge graphs constructed by entity alignment are the indispensable resources for numerous AI-related applications. Most existing entity alignment methods only use the triplet-based knowledge to find the aligned entities across multilingual knowledge graphs, they usually ignore the neighborhood subgraph knowledge of entities that implies more richer alignment information for aligning entities. In this paper, we incorporate neighborhood subgraph-level information of entities, and propose a neighborhood-aware attentional representation method NAEA for multilingual knowledge graphs. NAEA devises an attention mechanism to learn neighbor-level representation by aggregating neighbors' representations with a weighted combination. The attention mechanism enables entities not only capture different impacts of their neighbors on themselves, but also attend over their neighbors' feature representations with different importance. We evaluate our model on two real-world datasets DBP15K and DWY100K, and the experimental results show that the proposed model NAEA significantly and consistently outperforms state-of-the-art entity alignment models.
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Shah, Jami J., Steven M. Smith, Noe Vargas-Hernandez, David R. Gerkens, and Muqi Wulan. "Empirical Studies of Design Ideation: Alignment of Design Experiments With Lab Experiments." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/dtm-48679.
Full textAbstract:
Although various Idea Generation (IG) methods exist for conceptual design, the ideation process is still hardly understood. There is a need for a Design Ideation Model that explains the variables and processes occurring during IG. Cognitive Science provides models and theories, but these are usually derived from simple tasks or problems. On the other hand, Design Research simulates real world design better, but experimentation at the design level is time consuming and is difficult to isolate due to interactions of the variables involved. This paper introduces an approach for the alignment of experiments at the design level with lab experiments in cognitive psychology. Two key concepts that make this alignment possible are: ideation components (mechanisms believed to promote IG) recognized in Design Research and Cognitive Science, and uniform measures. The long-term objective of this research is the creation of a Design Ideation Model; this will require the testing and modeling of several of these ideation components. This paper presents results from Design and Lab Experiments for a selected component: incubation. Results are discussed and their significance explained in the context of the Design Ideation Model. This study found that, based on the correlation at both the Lab and Design Experiments, incubation had a positive impact on Design Ideation. Further, the alignment approach followed proved to be appropriate for the individual modeling of ideation components.
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Vetturi, David, Matteo Lancini, and Ileana Bodini. "How Geometrical Tolerances Affect the Measurement of Reciprocal Alignment of Two Different Assemblies: A Case Study." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-24759.
Full textAbstract:
Often a designer has the problem to apply a suitable system of geometrical and dimensional tolerances to an assembly. The right solution is not unique, in fact it depends on the chosen parameters. If the tolerances have to be optimized, some important parameters have to be taken into account, e.g. the efficiency of each prescription, or if this last is reachable, or it can be verified and how much the realization costs. The authors opinion is that a statistical approach based on the Monte Carlo Method is very useful when the tolerances chains are complex. This paper shows an application of this method in order to verify the functional alignment between two assemblies and a critical analysis of the uncertainty in phase both of the component design and test. This study has been developed thanks to the strict requirements imposed by ESA (European Space Agency) on the components that Thales Alenia Space has to realize within the LISA Pathfinder experiment. The very critical aspect of this work is to reciprocally align two cylindrical elements of two different assemblies. The specifications require 100 μm as maximum linear displacement and 300 μrad as maximum angular displacement. Moreover this prescriptions have to be verified also when the two elements are independently moving. To be able to reach such strict accuracy level the components have been assembled in an ISO 100 class cleanroom and the work space was a 3D Coordinate-Measuring Machine (CMM). The cylindrical elements have a 10 mm diameter, so the value of the measurement uncertainty associated with the alignment check is fundamental. Starting from the different uncertainty sources, the measurability and verifiability of the alignment have been considered and evaluated. The overall uncertainty has been assessed by numerical simulations which have taken into account the dimensional, geometrical and form tolerances as well as the instrumental uncertainty of the 3D CMM. This estimation has been positively validated by a session of repeated measurements. Numerical simulations have also allowed performing a sensitivity analysis, in order to give information about which sources more contribute to the overall uncertainty.
Reports on the topic "Two-level alignment"
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Atuhurra, Julius, and Michelle Kaffenberger. System (In)Coherence: Quantifying the Alignment of Primary Education Curriculum Standards, Examinations, and Instruction in Two East African Countries. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2020/057.
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Improvements in instructional coherence have been shown to have large impacts on student learning, yet analysis of such coherence, especially in developing countries and at a systems level, is rare. We use an established methodology, the Surveys of Enacted Curriculum (SEC), and apply it to a developing country context to systematically analyze and quantify the content and coherence of the primary curriculum standards, national examinations, and actual teaching delivered in the classroom in Uganda and Tanzania. We find high levels of incoherence across all three instructional components. In Uganda, for example, only four of the fourteen topics in the English curriculum standards appear on the primary leaving exam, and two of the highest-priority topics in the standards are completely omitted from the exams. In Tanzania, only three of fourteen English topics are covered on the exam, and all are assessed at the “memorization” level. Rather than aligning with either the curriculum standards or exams, teachers’ classroom instruction is poorly aligned with both. Teachers tend to cover broad swathes of content and levels of cognitive demand, unrelated to the structure of either the curriculum standards or exams. An exception is Uganda mathematics, for which standards, exams, and teacher instruction are all well aligned. By shedding light on alignment deficits in the two countries, these results draw attention to a policy area that has previously attracted little (if any) attention in many developing countries’ education policy reform efforts. In addition to providing empirical results for Uganda and Tanzania, this study provides a proof-of-concept for the use of the SEC methodology as a diagnostic tool in developing countries, helping education systems identify areas of instructional (in)coherence and informing efforts to improve coherence for learning.
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Lavadenz, Magaly, and Gisela O’Brien. District Administrators' Perspectives on the Impact of The Local Control Funding Formula on English Learners. Loyola Marymount University, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15365/ceel.policy.6.
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Two years into implementation, this policy brief examines how California’s Local Control Funding Formula (LCFF) and its accompanying Local Control Accountability Plan (LCAP) meet the needs of English Learners (ELs). Researchers seek to understand district administrator perspectives on the impact of LCFF for ELs through interviews and focus groups with administrators that represent districts from Northern, Central, and Southern California. Findings reveal that although the LCAP serves as a mechanism to increase personnel and PD efforts to address EL needs, it is still largely viewed as a compliance document that requires alignment with other strategic documents and is sensitive to changes in leadership. The following policy recommendations are made as a result of these findings: 1) re-design the LCAP to support districts in specifying EL learning goals, services, assessments and expected outcomes; 2) differentiate support for district administrators; and 3) invest (long-term) in district-level and site-level professional development with a focus on EL success.
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Spano, Christian, Paolo Natali, Charles Cannon, Suzanne Greene, Osvaldo Urzúa, Carlos Sucre, and Adriana Unzueta. Latin America and the Caribbean 2050: Becoming a Global Low-Carbon Metals and Solutions Hub. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003412.
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This report evaluates scope 3 emissions along the copper and iron ore value chains and the opportunities that Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) has to become a low carbon metals and solutions hub. The report presents four carbon emission scenarios that represent different sets of decisions for policy-makers and investors. Two scenarios fall short of aligning with Paris targets: (1) the business as usual (BaU) scenario with no further abatement action; and (2) a BaU scenario with the current level of emission reduction potential from players in the value chain (BaU Possible). The other two scenarios deliver the required carbon reductions to be compliant with the Paris Agreement by 2060, but through different strategies: (3) the BaU Paris scenario. where alignment with Paris targets is achieved by keeping BaU volumes and reducing carbon intensity per tonne of metal; and (4) the Decoupled scenario, where carbon intensity reductions are relaxed and compensated by a reduction in primary supply to align the value chain emissions to a Paris trajectory. All scenarios require LACs leaders to consider investments in low-carbon technology in different degrees. The report argues that, given its competitive position in the cost curve for copper and iron ore and an abundance of enabling factors for low carbon strategies, the region could become a key source of low carbon metals and solutions as long as it is proactive in adopting all the necessary measures from public sector and industry perspectives. Finally, the report concludes that myriad opportunities exist for LAC, including new business models, technologies and products, and that these could yield a greater economic and social contribution to the region than the BaU trajectories.
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African Open Science Platform Part 1: Landscape Study. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2019/0047.
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This report maps the African landscape of Open Science – with a focus on Open Data as a sub-set of Open Science. Data to inform the landscape study were collected through a variety of methods, including surveys, desk research, engagement with a community of practice, networking with stakeholders, participation in conferences, case study presentations, and workshops hosted. Although the majority of African countries (35 of 54) demonstrates commitment to science through its investment in research and development (R&D), academies of science, ministries of science and technology, policies, recognition of research, and participation in the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI), the following countries demonstrate the highest commitment and political willingness to invest in science: Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. In addition to existing policies in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), the following countries have made progress towards Open Data policies: Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, South Africa and Uganda. Only two African countries (Kenya and South Africa) at this stage contribute 0.8% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) to R&D (Research and Development), which is the closest to the AU’s (African Union’s) suggested 1%. Countries such as Lesotho and Madagascar ranked as 0%, while the R&D expenditure for 24 African countries is unknown. In addition to this, science globally has become fully dependent on stable ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) infrastructure, which includes connectivity/bandwidth, high performance computing facilities and data services. This is especially applicable since countries globally are finding themselves in the midst of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is not only “about” data, but which “is” data. According to an article1 by Alan Marcus (2015) (Senior Director, Head of Information Technology and Telecommunications Industries, World Economic Forum), “At its core, data represents a post-industrial opportunity. Its uses have unprecedented complexity, velocity and global reach. As digital communications become ubiquitous, data will rule in a world where nearly everyone and everything is connected in real time. That will require a highly reliable, secure and available infrastructure at its core, and innovation at the edge.” Every industry is affected as part of this revolution – also science. An important component of the digital transformation is “trust” – people must be able to trust that governments and all other industries (including the science sector), adequately handle and protect their data. This requires accountability on a global level, and digital industries must embrace the change and go for a higher standard of protection. “This will reassure consumers and citizens, benefitting the whole digital economy”, says Marcus. A stable and secure information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure – currently provided by the National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) – is key to advance collaboration in science. The AfricaConnect2 project (AfricaConnect (2012–2014) and AfricaConnect2 (2016–2018)) through establishing connectivity between National Research and Education Networks (NRENs), is planning to roll out AfricaConnect3 by the end of 2019. The concern however is that selected African governments (with the exception of a few countries such as South Africa, Mozambique, Ethiopia and others) have low awareness of the impact the Internet has today on all societal levels, how much ICT (and the 4th Industrial Revolution) have affected research, and the added value an NREN can bring to higher education and research in addressing the respective needs, which is far more complex than simply providing connectivity. Apart from more commitment and investment in R&D, African governments – to become and remain part of the 4th Industrial Revolution – have no option other than to acknowledge and commit to the role NRENs play in advancing science towards addressing the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals). For successful collaboration and direction, it is fundamental that policies within one country are aligned with one another. Alignment on continental level is crucial for the future Pan-African African Open Science Platform to be successful. Both the HIPSSA ((Harmonization of ICT Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa)3 project and WATRA (the West Africa Telecommunications Regulators Assembly)4, have made progress towards the regulation of the telecom sector, and in particular of bottlenecks which curb the development of competition among ISPs. A study under HIPSSA identified potential bottlenecks in access at an affordable price to the international capacity of submarine cables and suggested means and tools used by regulators to remedy them. Work on the recommended measures and making them operational continues in collaboration with WATRA. In addition to sufficient bandwidth and connectivity, high-performance computing facilities and services in support of data sharing are also required. The South African National Integrated Cyberinfrastructure System5 (NICIS) has made great progress in planning and setting up a cyberinfrastructure ecosystem in support of collaborative science and data sharing. The regional Southern African Development Community6 (SADC) Cyber-infrastructure Framework provides a valuable roadmap towards high-speed Internet, developing human capacity and skills in ICT technologies, high- performance computing and more. The following countries have been identified as having high-performance computing facilities, some as a result of the Square Kilometre Array7 (SKA) partnership: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Tunisia, and Zambia. More and more NRENs – especially the Level 6 NRENs 8 (Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, and recently Zambia) – are exploring offering additional services; also in support of data sharing and transfer. The following NRENs already allow for running data-intensive applications and sharing of high-end computing assets, bio-modelling and computation on high-performance/ supercomputers: KENET (Kenya), TENET (South Africa), RENU (Uganda), ZAMREN (Zambia), EUN (Egypt) and ARN (Algeria). Fifteen higher education training institutions from eight African countries (Botswana, Benin, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania) have been identified as offering formal courses on data science. In addition to formal degrees, a number of international short courses have been developed and free international online courses are also available as an option to build capacity and integrate as part of curricula. The small number of higher education or research intensive institutions offering data science is however insufficient, and there is a desperate need for more training in data science. The CODATA-RDA Schools of Research Data Science aim at addressing the continental need for foundational data skills across all disciplines, along with training conducted by The Carpentries 9 programme (specifically Data Carpentry 10 ). Thus far, CODATA-RDA schools in collaboration with AOSP, integrating content from Data Carpentry, were presented in Rwanda (in 2018), and during17-29 June 2019, in Ethiopia. Awareness regarding Open Science (including Open Data) is evident through the 12 Open Science-related Open Access/Open Data/Open Science declarations and agreements endorsed or signed by African governments; 200 Open Access journals from Africa registered on the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ); 174 Open Access institutional research repositories registered on openDOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories); 33 Open Access/Open Science policies registered on ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies); 24 data repositories registered with the Registry of Data Repositories (re3data.org) (although the pilot project identified 66 research data repositories); and one data repository assigned the CoreTrustSeal. Although this is a start, far more needs to be done to align African data curation and research practices with global standards. Funding to conduct research remains a challenge. African researchers mostly fund their own research, and there are little incentives for them to make their research and accompanying data sets openly accessible. Funding and peer recognition, along with an enabling research environment conducive for research, are regarded as major incentives. The landscape report concludes with a number of concerns towards sharing research data openly, as well as challenges in terms of Open Data policy, ICT infrastructure supportive of data sharing, capacity building, lack of skills, and the need for incentives. Although great progress has been made in terms of Open Science and Open Data practices, more awareness needs to be created and further advocacy efforts are required for buy-in from African governments. A federated African Open Science Platform (AOSP) will not only encourage more collaboration among researchers in addressing the SDGs, but it will also benefit the many stakeholders identified as part of the pilot phase. The time is now, for governments in Africa, to acknowledge the important role of science in general, but specifically Open Science and Open Data, through developing and aligning the relevant policies, investing in an ICT infrastructure conducive for data sharing through committing funding to making NRENs financially sustainable, incentivising open research practices by scientists, and creating opportunities for more scientists and stakeholders across all disciplines to be trained in data management.