Journal articles: 'Two-level alignment'

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Ji, Guo Li, Long Teng Chen, and Liang Liang Chen. "Two-Level Parallel Alignment Based on Sequence Parallel Vectorization." Applied Mechanics and Materials 490-491 (January 2014): 757–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.490-491.757.

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This paper proposed a way of two-level parallel alignment based on sequence parallel vectorization with GPU acceleration on the Fermi architecture, which integrates sequence parallel vectorization, parallel k-means clustering approximate alignment and parallel Smith-Waterman algorithm. The method converts sequence alignment into vector alignment by first. Then it uses k-means alignment to divide sequences into several groups and reduce the size of sequence data. The expected accurate alignment result is achieved using parallel Smith-Waterman algorithm. The high-throughput mouse T-cell receptor (TCR) sequences were used to validate the proposed method. Under the same hardware condition, comparing to serial Smith-Waterman algorithm and CUDASW++2.0 algorithm, our method is the most efficient alignment algorithm with high alignment accuracy.

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Tarafdar, Monideepa, and Sufian Qrunfleh. "IT-Business Alignment: A Two-Level Analysis." Information Systems Management 26, no. 4 (October 14, 2009): 338–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10580530903245705.

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Shu, Jian-Jun, Kian Yan Yong, and Weng Kong Chan. "An Improved Scoring Matrix for Multiple Sequence Alignment." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/490649.

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The way for performing multiple sequence alignment is based on the criterion of the maximum-scored information content computed from a weight matrix, but it is possible to have two or more alignments to have the same highest score leading to ambiguities in selecting the best alignment. This paper addresses this issue by introducing the concept of joint weight matrix to eliminate the randomness in selecting the best multiple sequence alignment. Alignments with equal scores are iteratively rescored with the joint weight matrix of increasing level (nucleotide pairs, triplets, and so on) until one single best alignment is eventually found. This method for resolving ambiguity in multiple sequence alignment can be easily implemented by use of the improved scoring matrix.

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Shallal, Mohammed. "Alignment of Curriculum Elements at the Course Level : Two Useful Tools." Academic Journal of Nawroz University 7, no. 3 (2018): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v7n3a204.

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Zinszer, Benjamin D., Andrew J. Anderson, Olivia Kang, Thalia Wheatley, and Rajeev D. S. Raizada. "Semantic Structural Alignment of Neural Representational Spaces Enables Translation between English and Chinese Words." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 28, no. 11 (November 2016): 1749–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01000.

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Two sets of items can share the same underlying conceptual structure, while appearing unrelated at a surface level. Humans excel at recognizing and using alignments between such underlying structures in many domains of cognition, most notably in analogical reasoning. Here we show that structural alignment reveals how different people's neural representations of word meaning are preserved across different languages, such that patterns of brain activation can be used to translate words from one language to another. Groups of Chinese and English speakers underwent fMRI scanning while reading words in their respective native languages. Simply by aligning structures representing the two groups' neural semantic spaces, we successfully infer all seven Chinese–English word translations. Beyond language translation, conceptual structural alignment underlies many aspects of high-level cognition, and this work opens the door to deriving many such alignments directly from neural representational content.

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Li, Huashan, Zhibin Lin, Mark T. Lusk, and Zhigang Wu. "Charge separation at nanoscale interfaces: Energy-level alignment including two-quasiparticle interactions." Journal of Chemical Physics 141, no. 15 (October 17, 2014): 154701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4898155.

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Kanagarajadurai, Karuppiah, Singaravelu Kalaimathy, Paramasivam Nagarajan, and Ramanathan Sowdhamini. "PASS2." International Journal of Knowledge Discovery in Bioinformatics 2, no. 4 (October 2011): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jkdb.2011100104.

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A detailed comparison of protein domains that belong to families and superfamilies shows that structure is better conserved than sequence during evolutionary divergence. Sequence alignments, guided by structural features, permit a better sampling of the protein sequence space and effective construction of libraries for fold recognition. Sequence alignments are useful evolutionary models in defining structure-function relationships for protein superfamilies. The PASS2 database, maintained by the authors, presents alignments of proteins related at the superfamily level and characterised by low sequence similarity. The number of new superfamilies increased to 47% compared with the previous PASS2 version, which shows the crucial importance of updating the PASS2 database. In the current release of the PASS2 database, they align protein superfamilies using a structural alignment protocol. The authors also introduce two alignment assessment methods that depend on the average structural deviations of domains and the extent of conserved secondary structures. They also integrate new and important structural and sequence features at the superfamily level into the database. These features are conserved-unconserved blocks in proteins, spatial distribution of sequences using principal component analysis and a statistical view for each superfamily. The authors suggest that highly structurally deviant superfamily members could be removed as outliers, so that such extreme distant relationships will not obscure the alignment. They report a nearly-automated, updated version of the superfamily alignment database, consisting of 1776 superfamilies and 9536 protein domains, that is in direct correspondence with the SCOP (1.73) database.

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Barlowe, Scott, Heather B. Coan, and Robert T. Youker. "SubVis: an interactive R package for exploring the effects of multiple substitution matrices on pairwise sequence alignment." PeerJ 5 (June 27, 2017): e3492. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3492.

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Understanding how proteins mutate is critical to solving a host of biological problems. Mutations occur when an amino acid is substituted for another in a protein sequence. The set of likelihoods for amino acid substitutions is stored in a matrix and input to alignment algorithms. The quality of the resulting alignment is used to assess the similarity of two or more sequences and can vary according to assumptions modeled by the substitution matrix. Substitution strategies with minor parameter variations are often grouped together in families. For example, the BLOSUM and PAM matrix families are commonly used because they provide a standard, predefined way of modeling substitutions. However, researchers often do not know if a given matrix family or any individual matrix within a family is the most suitable. Furthermore, predefined matrix families may inaccurately reflect a particular hypothesis that a researcher wishes to model or otherwise result in unsatisfactory alignments. In these cases, the ability to compare the effects of one or more custom matrices may be needed. This laborious process is often performed manually because the ability to simultaneously load multiple matrices and then compare their effects on alignments is not readily available in current software tools. This paper presents SubVis, an interactive R package for loading and applying multiple substitution matrices to pairwise alignments. Users can simultaneously explore alignments resulting from multiple predefined and custom substitution matrices. SubVis utilizes several of the alignment functions found in R, a common language among protein scientists. Functions are tied together with the Shiny platform which allows the modification of input parameters. Information regarding alignment quality and individual amino acid substitutions is displayed with the JavaScript language which provides interactive visualizations for revealing both high-level and low-level alignment information.

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Easa, Said M., and Essam Dabbour. "Design radius requirements for simple horizontal curves on three-dimensional alignments." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 30, no. 6 (December 1, 2003): 1022–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l03-022.

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Current North American design guides have established mathematical relationships to calculate the minimum radius required for horizontal curves as a function of design speed, maximum superelevation, and maximum side friction. For three-dimensional (3-D) alignments, the design guides consider the alignment as two separate horizontal and vertical alignments and consequently ignore the effect of vertical alignment. This paper evaluates the effect of vertical alignment on minimum radius requirements using computer simulation, with a focus on trucks. For 3-D alignments, the results showed that existing design guidelines for minimum radius need to be increased by as much as 20% to achieve the same comfort limit on flat horizontal curves. It is interesting to note that in some cases truck rollover occurred before the side-friction comfort level is reached. This indicates the need for developing a different design control for trucks on 3-D alignments than the comfort criterion used for passenger cars on flat horizontal curves. Based on the simulation results, mathematical models for design radius requirements for passenger cars and trucks were developed.Key words: geometric design, horizontal curve radius, three-dimensional alignments, vehicle stability.

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Lalwani, Soniya, Rajesh Kumar, and Kusum Deep. "Multi-objective two-level swarm intelligence approach for multiple RNA sequence-structure alignment." Swarm and Evolutionary Computation 34 (June 2017): 130–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.swevo.2017.02.002.

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Schroeder, P. G., C. B. France, J. B. Park, and B. A. Parkinson. "Energy level alignment and two-dimensional structure of pentacene on Au(111) surfaces." Journal of Applied Physics 91, no. 5 (March 2002): 3010–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1445286.

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Lalwani, Soniya, Rajesh Kumar, and Nilama Gupta. "A novel two-level particle swarm optimization approach for efficient multiple sequence alignment." Memetic Computing 7, no. 2 (February 22, 2015): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12293-015-0157-y.

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Roostaee, Meysam, Seyed Mostafa Fakhrahmad, and Mohammad Hadi Sadreddini. "Cross-language text alignment: A proposed two-level matching scheme for plagiarism detection." Expert Systems with Applications 160 (December 2020): 113718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2020.113718.

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Marchal, Nadège, Edoardo Mosconi, Gonzalo García-Espejo, Tahani M. Almutairi, Claudio Quarti, David Beljonne, and Filippo De Angelis. "Cation Engineering for Resonant Energy Level Alignment in Two-Dimensional Lead Halide Perovskites." Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 12, no. 10 (March 8, 2021): 2528–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03843.

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Lalwani, Soniya, Harish Sharma, and Kusum Deep. "An Implementation of Three-level Multi-objective ABC Algorithm for RNA Multiple Structural Alignment." Recent Advances in Computer Science and Communications 13, no. 1 (March 13, 2020): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2213275912666181128121104.

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Background: Structural alignment of ribose nucleic acid (RNA) is one of the most challenging multi-objective real world problems from the field of bioinformatics. Objective: RNA molecules are less stable; hence they require inclusion of most stable secondary structure during their alignment. Therefore, the structural alignment requires the consideration of similarity score and structure score, as two objectives. Trade-off between these two objectives exists since obtaining optimum similarity score at concurrent optimum structure score is not possible. This paper presents artificial bee colony algorithm based three level multi-objective approach for performing structural alignment of RNA sequences, namely MO-3LABC. Methods: Algorithm firstly builds the secondary structure of all sequences at minimum free energy (MFE). Then sequence alignment is performed in level one at average percent sequence identity (APSI) score based gap length, optimized by ABC algorithm. Level two now builds the secondary structure of these aligned sequences based on base-pair probability and co-variation. Now the scores of level one and level two move towards level three for multi-objective optimization at Pareto optimality criteria with few additional strategies. Results: The results of MO-3LABC are compared with an already established efficient strategy MO-TLPSO; multi-objective two level strategy based on particle swarm optimization. The outputs are compared for pairwise and multiple sequence alignment datasets at prediction accuracy and solution quality criteria. Conclusion: MO-3LABC is found significantly better than MO-TLPSO at all the four evaluation criteria for both the datasets.

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V. Graça, João, Kuzman Ganchev, and Ben Taskar. "Learning Tractable Word Alignment Models with Complex Constraints." Computational Linguistics 36, no. 3 (September 2010): 481–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00007.

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Word-level alignment of bilingual text is a critical resource for a growing variety of tasks. Probabilistic models for word alignment present a fundamental trade-off between richness of captured constraints and correlations versus efficiency and tractability of inference. In this article, we use the Posterior Regularization framework (Graça, Ganchev, and Taskar 2007) to incorporate complex constraints into probabilistic models during learning without changing the efficiency of the underlying model. We focus on the simple and tractable hidden Markov model, and present an efficient learning algorithm for incorporating approximate bijectivity and symmetry constraints. Models estimated with these constraints produce a significant boost in performance as measured by both precision and recall of manually annotated alignments for six language pairs. We also report experiments on two different tasks where word alignments are required: phrase-based machine translation and syntax transfer, and show promising improvements over standard methods.

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Wang, Guan-An, Tianzhu Zhang, Yang Yang, Jian Cheng, Jianlong Chang, Xu Liang, and Zeng-Guang Hou. "Cross-Modality Paired-Images Generation for RGB-Infrared Person Re-Identification." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 07 (April 3, 2020): 12144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i07.6894.

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RGB-Infrared (IR) person re-identification is very challenging due to the large cross-modality variations between RGB and IR images. The key solution is to learn aligned features to the bridge RGB and IR modalities. However, due to the lack of correspondence labels between every pair of RGB and IR images, most methods try to alleviate the variations with set-level alignment by reducing the distance between the entire RGB and IR sets. However, this set-level alignment may lead to misalignment of some instances, which limits the performance for RGB-IR Re-ID. Different from existing methods, in this paper, we propose to generate cross-modality paired-images and perform both global set-level and fine-grained instance-level alignments. Our proposed method enjoys several merits. First, our method can perform set-level alignment by disentangling modality-specific and modality-invariant features. Compared with conventional methods, ours can explicitly remove the modality-specific features and the modality variation can be better reduced. Second, given cross-modality unpaired-images of a person, our method can generate cross-modality paired images from exchanged images. With them, we can directly perform instance-level alignment by minimizing distances of every pair of images. Extensive experimental results on two standard benchmarks demonstrate that the proposed model favourably against state-of-the-art methods. Especially, on SYSU-MM01 dataset, our model can achieve a gain of 9.2% and 7.7% in terms of Rank-1 and mAP. Code is available at https://github.com/wangguanan/JSIA-ReID.

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Zhou, Xiongtu, Jie Hu, Junjun Li, Jian Shi, and Yong Chen. "Patterning of Two-Level Topographic Cues for Observation of Competitive Guidance of Cell Alignment." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 4, no. 8 (August 6, 2012): 3888–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am301237j.

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Liu, Jonathan J., Ripul R. Panchal, and Kee D. Kim. "Functional Spinal Unit Height and Sagittal Alignment of Two-Level CDA and ACDF Patients." Spine Journal 15, no. 10 (October 2015): S146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2015.07.153.

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Hu, Yutao, Xuhui Liu, Baochang Zhang, Jungong Han, and Xianbin Cao. "Alignment Enhancement Network for Fine-grained Visual Categorization." ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications 17, no. 1s (March 31, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3446208.

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Fine-grained visual categorization (FGVC) aims to automatically recognize objects from different sub-ordinate categories. Despite attracting considerable attention from both academia and industry, it remains a challenging task due to subtle visual differences among different classes. Cross-layer feature aggregation and cross-image pairwise learning become prevailing in improving the performance of FGVC by extracting discriminative class-specific features. However, they are still inefficient to fully use the cross-layer information based on the simple aggregation strategy, while existing pairwise learning methods also fail to explore long-range interactions between different images. To address these problems, we propose a novel Alignment Enhancement Network (AENet), including two-level alignments, Cross-layer Alignment (CLA) and Cross-image Alignment (CIA). The CLA module exploits the cross-layer relationship between low-level spatial information and high-level semantic information, which contributes to cross-layer feature aggregation to improve the capacity of feature representation for input images. The new CIA module is further introduced to produce the aligned feature map, which can enhance the relevant information as well as suppress the irrelevant information across the whole spatial region. Our method is based on an underlying assumption that the aligned feature map should be closer to the inputs of CIA when they belong to the same category. Accordingly, we establish Semantic Affinity Loss to supervise the feature alignment within each CIA block. Experimental results on four challenging datasets show that the proposed AENet achieves the state-of-the-art results over prior arts.

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Johnson, J. Patrick, Carl Lauryssen, Helen O. Cambron, Robert Pashman, John J. Regan, Neel Anand, and Robert Bray. "Sagittal alignment and the Bryan cervical artificial disc." Neurosurgical Focus 17, no. 6 (December 2004): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc.2004.17.6.14.

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Object The authors evaluated cervical spine radiographs to determine sagittal alignment in patients who underwent one- or two-level arthroplasty with the Bryan cervical artificial disc prosthesis. Methods The curvature of the surgically treated spinal segments and the overall curvature of the cervical spine were evaluated in 13 patients who underwent 16 cervical arthroplasty device placements. Preoperative and postoperative lateral radiographs were reviewed and compared using standardized techniques for measuring spinal curvature. Patients who underwent a single-level cervical arthroplasty had a 4.7° mean reduction (p < 0.05) in lordosis after cervical artificial disc replacement. The three patients who underwent two-level cervical arthroplasty had no significant changes in the sagittal alignment. Conclusions Patients who underwent arthroplasty with a Bryan cervical artificial disc had a focal loss of lordosis (that is, kyphosis) at the treated levels after single-level procedures. Nevertheless, there was no significant change in the overall sagittal curvature of the cervical spine after single-level artificial disc replacements. The patients who underwent two-level artificial disc placement had no significant changes in lordosis at the treated levels or in the overall curvature. The likely source of this outcome appears to be the endplate milling procedures that reorient the vertebral endplates.

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TROFIMOVICH, PAVEL, and SARA KENNEDY. "Interactive alignment between bilingual interlocutors: Evidence from two information-exchange tasks." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 17, no. 4 (January 31, 2014): 822–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728913000801.

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This study investigated the occurrence of interactive alignment between bilingual interlocutors communicating in a shared second language (L2). Thirty university-level students from various language backgrounds completed two information-exchange tasks in L2 English. Excerpts from the beginning and end of the interactions were presented to ten native-speaking listeners who rated each interlocutor individually and both interlocutors as a team for speech and personality variables, including degree of alignment. Results revealed interactive alignment which encompassed different aspects of interlocutors’ speech and personality characteristics in each task. Theoretical and practical implications for alignment as a sociocognitive phenomenon in lingua franca contexts are discussed.

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McAdam, Rodney, Shirley-Ann Hazlett, and Brendan Galbraith. "The role of performance measurement models in multi level alignment." International Journal of Operations & Production Management 34, no. 9 (August 26, 2014): 1153–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-09-2011-0313.

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Purpose – Market deregulation in the utilities sector has led to increased competition and rising customer expectations in both established and new markets. This, in turn, has forced organisations such as electricity and telecoms to make rapid, enterprise-wide changes on an increasingly frequent basis which in turn has led to problems with alignment. Misalignment can occur at many levels and can result in misused resources, loss of competitiveness, excessive cycle times, higher costs and loss of agility. The purpose of this paper is twofold. Given the lack of overarching theory, the paper begins by borrowing from contingency, dynamic capability and organisational learning constructs, to explore the role that performance measurement models can bring to improve the alignment between business strategy and functional strategy (level 1 alignment). Second, the paper analyses the role of performance measurement models in developing functional practices aligned with supply chain management (SCM) strategies (level 2 alignment). Design/methodology/approach – The study adopts an exploratory theory-building approach using four case studies. These are used as key supply chains in both established and new business areas within two longitudinal university-industry research partnerships (each of three years duration). Data from repeat interviews (n=42), focus groups (n=10), documentation and observations is analysed and forms the basis for the development of a conceptual framework and a set of related propositions. The data analysis followed Radnor and Boaden's (2004) method for analysing interpretive research. Findings – The findings show the role and impact of performance measurement models and methods on alignment at two levels, i.e. level 1 alignment – between business strategy and functional (SCM) strategy, and level 2 alignment – between the functional strategy (SCM) and SCM routines and practices. Originality/value – To date, there are few studies which explore the development of theory and practice in relation to the role and impact of performance measurement models and methods in improving organisational alignment. This exploratory theory building study makes a contribution to this gap through the development of the conceptual framework and propositions.

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Wu, Chung-Hsien, Jen-Chun Lin, and Wen-Li Wei. "Two-Level Hierarchical Alignment for Semi-Coupled HMM-Based Audiovisual Emotion Recognition With Temporal Course." IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 15, no. 8 (December 2013): 1880–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2013.2269314.

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Sun, Lihui, and Liangbo Li. "THE ALIGNMENT BETWEEN THIRD-GRADE PRIMARY SCHOOL SCIENCE TEXTBOOKS AND CURRICULUM STANDARDS IN CHINA AND JAPAN." Journal of Baltic Science Education 20, no. 3 (June 5, 2021): 507–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/jbse/21.20.507.

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This study applied the Porter’s alignment model to construct a localized two-dimensional framework based on Anderson's taxonomy. The research chose the third-grade primary school science textbooks from two representative presses in China and Japan, coded the textbooks and curriculum standards, calculated the alignment level between the textbooks of the two presses and their corresponding curriculum standards, and discussed the alignment level from the topic, cognitive demand, and emphasis. The results show that the B version in Japan is significantly aligned with the Japanese curriculum standard, but the A version in China does not have significant alignment with the Chinese curriculum standard. Besides, a common problem is that the ratios of life science in sample science textbooks both exceed the requirements of the curriculum standards, and the problems of exceeding the standard in cognitive demand and not highlighting the key points also need to be concerned. This study provides ideas and references for countries with similar educational situations to study the compilation of science textbooks and fills up the deficiency of the international comparison of the alignment between primary school science textbooks and curriculum standards by using the alignment model. Keywords: alignment evaluation, content analysis, curriculum standards, primary school, science textbooks

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Xue, Xingsi, Xiaojing Wu, and Junfeng Chen. "Optimizing Ontology Alignment Through an Interactive Compact Genetic Algorithm." ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems 12, no. 2 (June 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3439772.

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Ontology provides a shared vocabulary of a domain by formally representing the meaning of its concepts, the properties they possess, and the relations among them, which is the state-of-the-art knowledge modeling technique. However, the ontologies in the same domain could differ in conceptual modeling and granularity level, which yields the ontology heterogeneity problem. To enable data and knowledge transfer, share, and reuse between two intelligent systems, it is important to bridge the semantic gap between the ontologies through the ontology matching technique. To optimize the ontology alignment’s quality, this article proposes an Interactive Compact Genetic Algorithm (ICGA)-based ontology matching technique, which consists of an automatic ontology matching process based on a Compact Genetic Algorithm (CGA) and a collaborative user validating process based on an argumentation framework. First, CGA is used to automatically match the ontologies, and when it gets stuck in the local optima, the collaborative validation based on the multi-relationship argumentation framework is activated to help CGA jump out of the local optima. In addition, we construct a discrete optimization model to define the ontology matching problem and propose a hybrid similarity measure to calculate two concepts’ similarity value. In the experiment, we test the performance of ICGA with the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative’s interactive track, and the experimental results show that ICGA can effectively determine the ontology alignments with high quality.

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Park, Yung, Takeshi Maeda, Woojin Cho, and K. Daniel Riew. "Comparison of anterior cervical fusion after two-level discectomy or single-level corpectomy: sagittal alignment, cervical lordosis, graft collapse, and adjacent-level ossification." Spine Journal 10, no. 3 (March 2010): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2009.09.006.

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Waas, Daniel, Florian Rückerl, Martin Knupfer, and Bernd Büchner. "Energy-level alignment at interfaces between manganese phthalocyanine and C60." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 8 (April 25, 2017): 927–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.8.94.

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We have used photoelectron spectroscopy to determine the energy-level alignment at organic heterojunctions made of manganese phthalocyanine (MnPc) and the fullerene C60. We show that this energy-level alignment depends upon the preparation sequence, which is explained by different molecular orientations. Moreover, our results demonstrate that MnPc/C60 interfaces are hardly suited for application in organic photovoltaic devices, since the energy difference of the two lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) is rather small.

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Loukis, Euripidis, and Ioakim Sapounas. "Innovation, Information Systems Strategic Alignment and Business Value." International Journal of Strategic Information Technology and Applications 1, no. 2 (April 2010): 38–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jsita.2010040103.

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For more than two decades the strategic alignment of information systems (IS) is one of the most important issues that IS and business managers face and at the same time a major research topic in the IS domain. In this paper the authors present an empirical study of the business value of IS strategic alignment, which examines IS strategic alignment both at the strategy formulation and implementation level. Also, investigated in this paper are the effects of adopting an innovation strategy on IS strategic alignment. The study is based on firm-level data from Greek companies, which are used for estimating econometric models of firm output based on the Cobb-Douglas production function. It is concluded that IS strategic alignment, both at the strategy formulation and implementation level, generates significant business value, increasing considerably the contribution of ICT investment to firm output. Finally, the adoption of innovation strategy has a positive effect on the strategic alignment of IS both at the strategy formulation and implementation level, as it puts pressure on firms to direct their IS investment towards the support of their new innovative products/services, and increases the involvement of organizational units.

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AlSayed Hasan, Mohammad Moaffak A., Kinda Sultan, and Omar Hamadah. "Low-level laser therapy effectiveness in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement: A randomized controlled clinical trial." Angle Orthodontist 87, no. 4 (November 21, 2016): 499–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/062716-503.1.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement of crowded maxillary incisors. Materials and Methods: This two-arm, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial involved 26 patients with severe to extreme maxillary incisors irregularity according to Little's irregularity index, indicating two first premolars extraction. Patients were randomly assigned to either the laser group or the control group (13 each). Following premolars extraction, orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances was initiated for both groups. Immediately after insertion of the first archwire, patients in the laser group received a LLL dose from an 830-nm wavelength Ga-Al-As semiconductor laser device with energy of 2 J/point. The laser was applied to each maxillary incisor's root at four points (two buccal, two palatal). Application was repeated on days 3, 7, 14, and then every 15 days starting from the second month until the end of the leveling and alignment stage. Alignment progress was evaluated on the study casts taken before inserting the first archwire (T0), after 1 month of treatment commencement (T1), after 2 months (T2), and at the end of the leveling and alignment stage (T3). The outcome measures were the overall time needed for leveling and alignment and the leveling and alignment improvement percentage. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in the overall treatment time (P < .001) and the leveling and alignment improvement percentage at T1 (P = .004) and T2; (P = .001). Conclusion: LLLT is an effective method for accelerating orthodontic tooth movement.

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Benakli, Karim, Yifan Chen, and Gaëtan Lafforgue-Marmet. "Predicting Alignment in a Two Higgs Doublet Model." Proceedings 13, no. 1 (May 17, 2019): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019013002.

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We show that a non-abelian global S U ( 2 ) R R-symmetry acting on the quartic part of the two Higgs Doublet Model leads, at tree-level, to an automatic alignment without decoupling. An example of phenomenologically viable model with this feature is the the low energy effective field theory of the Minimal Dirac Gaugino Supersymmetric Model in the limit where the adjoint scalars are decoupled. We discuss here how the S U ( 2 ) R can be identified with the R-symmetry of the N = 2 supersymmetry in the gauge and Higgs sectors. We also review how the radiative corrections lead to a very small misalignment.

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Zhuang, Chenfan, Xintong Han, Weilin Huang, and Matthew Scott. "iFAN: Image-Instance Full Alignment Networks for Adaptive Object Detection." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 07 (April 3, 2020): 13122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i07.7015.

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Training an object detector on a data-rich domain and applying it to a data-poor one with limited performance drop is highly attractive in industry, because it saves huge annotation cost. Recent research on unsupervised domain adaptive object detection has verified that aligning data distributions between source and target images through adversarial learning is very useful. The key is when, where and how to use it to achieve best practice. We propose Image-Instance Full Alignment Networks (iFAN) to tackle this problem by precisely aligning feature distributions on both image and instance levels: 1) Image-level alignment: multi-scale features are roughly aligned by training adversarial domain classifiers in a hierarchically-nested fashion. 2) Full instance-level alignment: deep semantic information and elaborate instance representations are fully exploited to establish a strong relationship among categories and domains. Establishing these correlations is formulated as a metric learning problem by carefully constructing instance pairs. Above-mentioned adaptations can be integrated into an object detector (e.g. Faster R-CNN), resulting in an end-to-end trainable framework where multiple alignments can work collaboratively in a coarse-to-fine manner. In two domain adaptation tasks: synthetic-to-real (SIM10K → Cityscapes) and normal-to-foggy weather (Cityscapes → Foggy Cityscapes), iFAN outperforms the state-of-the-art methods with a boost of 10%+ AP over the source-only baseline.

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M., Nava Barathy, and Dejey D. "A Novel Protein Sequence Alignment-Based Patch Similarity Estimation for Two-Level Data Aggregation in WMSNs." Wireless Personal Communications 117, no. 3 (February 13, 2021): 2595–633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-021-08099-7.

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Nagoudi, El Moatez Billah, Ahmed Khorsi, Hadda Cherroun, and Didier Schwab. "2L-APD: A Two-Level Plagiarism Detection System for Arabic Documents." Cybernetics and Information Technologies 18, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 124–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cait-2018-0011.

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Abstract Measuring the amount of shared information between two documents is a key to address a number of Natural Language Processing (NLP) challenges such as Information Retrieval (IR), Semantic Textual Similarity (STS), Sentiment Analysis (SA) and Plagiarism Detection (PD). In this paper, we report a plagiarism detection system based on two layers of assessment: 1) Fingerprinting which simply compares the documents fingerprints to detect the verbatim reproduction; 2) Word embedding which uses the semantic and syntactic properties of words to detect much more complicated reproductions. Moreover, Word Alignment (WA), Inverse Document Frequency (IDF) and Part-of-Speech (POS) weighting are applied on the examined documents to support the identification of words that are most descriptive in each textual unit. In the present work, we focused on Arabic documents and we evaluated the performance of the system on a data-set of holding three types of plagiarism: 1) Simple reproduction (copy and paste); 2) Word and phrase shuffling; 3) Intelligent plagiarism including synonym substitution, diacritics insertion and paraphrasing. The results show a recall of 88% and a precision of 86%. Compared to the results obtained by the systems participating in the Arabic Plagiarism Detection Shared Task 2015, our system outperforms all of them with a plagiarism detection score (Plagdet) of 83%.

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Rajshekhar, Vedantam, Moses Joseph Arunkumar, and Samson Sujith Kumar. "Changes in Cervical Spine Curvature after Uninstrumented One- and Two-level Corpectomy in Patients with Spondylotic Myelopathy." Neurosurgery 52, no. 4 (April 1, 2003): 799–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000054218.50113.40.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE We studied changes in the cervical spine curvature in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy who underwent one- or two-level central corpectomy and iliac bone grafting without the use of instrumentation. METHODS Curvature of the fused segment and of the whole cervical spine was evaluated on preoperative and follow-up x-rays in 93 patients (30 underwent one-level corpectomy, and 63 underwent two-level corpectomy). In 59 patients, the changes in the cervical spine curvature were studied using one follow-up x-ray; in the other 34 patients, the changes were studied on x-rays obtained at two or more follow-up visits. The sagittal alignment of the fused segment was categorized as lordotic (>+5 degrees), straight (+5 to −5 degrees) or kyphotic (>−5 degrees). The whole spine curvature also was recorded as lordotic, straight, or kyphotic. RESULTS At a mean follow-up of 22.2 months (range, 6–71 mo), there was a mean change of −10.4 degrees in the segmental curvature (P< 0.001). The fused segment sagittal alignment also worsened (lordotic angles becoming straight or kyphotic and straight angles becoming kyphotic) in 44 patients (47%)(P< 0.001). However, serial studies in 34 patients (mean first and last follow-ups, 11.9 and 30.8 mo, respectively) did not demonstrate significant worsening of the kyphotic angle or the sagittal alignment over time (P= 0.9). Whole spine curvature worsened in 33 (35%) of the 93 patients (P< 0.001); serial studies did not reveal a significant change (P= 0.9). Patients improved in their functional status from a preoperative mean Nurick grade of 2.9 (range, 1–5) to a follow-up mean Nurick grade of 1.5 (range, 0–4) (P< 0.001). Patients with a kyphotic change in their whole spine curvature (n = 33) and those without such change (n = 60) had a similar functional outcome (mean change in Nurick grade, 1.5 and 1.4, respectively). CONCLUSION Cervical spine curvature tended to undergo a kyphotic change at the fused segment in 47% of patients and a kyphotic change of the whole spine curvature in 35% of patients who underwent one- or two-level uninstrumented central corpectomy. This kyphotic change in the cervical spine, which stabilizes within 1 year after surgery, is not progressive, and it does not affect neurological outcome in these patients.

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Kim, Miran, and Lori Repetti. "Bitonal pitch accent and phonological alignment in Sardinian." Probus 25, no. 2 (September 12, 2013): 267–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/probus-2013-0013.

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Abstract This study presents new data on pitch accent alignment in Sardinian, a Romance language spoken in Italy. We propose that what has been described as “stress shift” in encliticization processes is not a change in the word level stress, but variation in the association of the pitch accent. Our claim is that word level stress remains in situ, and the falling tune which our data exhibit can be interpreted as a bitonal pitch accent (HL*) associated with the entire verb + enclitic unit: the starred tone is associated with the rightmost metrically prominent syllable, and the leading tone is associated with the word-level stressed syllable. The research questions we address are twofold: (i) how are the landing sites of the two tonal targets phonetically identified; (ii) how are the phonetic facts reconciled with prosodic structure.

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Snowden, Ryan, Justin Miller, Tome Saidon, Joseph D. Smucker, K. Daniel Riew, and Rick Sasso. "Does index level sagittal alignment determine adjacent level disc height loss?" Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 31, no. 4 (October 2019): 579–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2019.4.spine181468.

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OBJECTIVEThe authors sought to compare the effect of index level sagittal alignment on cephalad radiographic adjacent segment pathology (RASP) in patients undergoing cervical total disc arthroplasty (TDA) or anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).METHODSThis was a retrospective study of prospectively collected radiographic data from 79 patients who underwent TDA or ACDF and were enrolled and followed prospectively at two centers in a multicenter FDA investigational device exemption trial of the Bryan cervical disc prosthesis used for arthroplasty. Neutral lateral radiographs were obtained pre- and postoperatively and at 1, 2, 4, and up to 7 years following surgery. The index level Cobb angle was measured both pre- and postoperatively. Cephalad disc degeneration was determined by a previously described measurement of the disc height/anteroposterior (AP) distance ratio.RESULTSSixty-eight patients (n = 33 ACDF; n = 35 TDA) had complete radiographs and were included for analysis. Preoperatively, there was no difference in the index level Cobb angle between the ACDF and TDA patients. Postoperatively, the ACDF patients had a larger segment lordosis compared to the TDA patients (p = 0.002). Patients who had a postoperative kyphotic Cobb angle were more likely to have undergone TDA (p = 0.01). A significant decrease in the disc height/AP distance ratio occurred over time (p = 0.035), by an average of 0.01818 at 84 months. However, this decrease was not influenced by preoperative alignment, postoperative alignment, or type of surgery.CONCLUSIONSIn this cohort of patients undergoing TDA and ACDF, the authors found that preoperative and postoperative sagittal alignment have no effect on RASP at follow-up of at least 7 years. They identified time as the only significant factor affecting RASP.

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Seo, Jongpil, Hyeonsu Kim, Jongmin Ahn, and Jaehak Chung. "Macrocell Protection Interference Alignment in Two-Tier Downlink Heterogeneous Networks." Mobile Information Systems 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7410546.

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Conventional interference alignment (IA) has been developed to mitigate interference problems for the coexistence of picocells and macrocells. This paper proposes a macrocell protection interference alignment (MCP-IA) in two-tier MIMO downlink heterogeneous networks. The proposed method aligns the interference of the macro user equipment (UE) and mitigates the interference of the pico-UEs with a minimum mean squared error interference rejection combining (MMSE-IRC) receiver. Compared to the conventional IA, the proposed MCP-IA provides an additional array gain obtained by the precoder design of the macro BS and a diversity gain achieved by signal space selections. The degrees of freedom (DoF) of the proposed MCP-IA are equal to or greater than that of the conventional IA and are derived theoretically. Link level simulations show the link capacity and the DoF of the macro UE, and also exhibit the proposed MCP-IA attaining additional array gain and diversity gain. The system level simulation illustrates that the proposed method prevents the interference of the macro UE completely and preserves the throughput of the pico-UE irrespective of the number of picocells. For 4×2 antenna configuration, the system level simulation demonstrates that the proposed MCP-IA throughput of the macro UE is not affected by the number of picocells and that the proposed MCP-IA throughput of the picocells approaches that of single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) with a 3% loss.

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DAHER, MURILO TAVARES, NILO CARRIJO MELO, VINÍCIO NUNES NASCIMENTO, PEDRO FELISBINO JR, BRENDA CRISTINA RIBEIRO ARAÚJO, SÉRGIO DAHER, and MARCELO FOUAD RABAHI. "WHAT IS THE BEST DISTAL LEVEL OF ARTHRODESIS IN LUMBAR FUSION IN PATIENTS WITH ADOLESCENT IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS: L3 OR L4?" Coluna/Columna 18, no. 3 (September 2019): 200–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1808-185120191803197205.

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ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate coronal alignment in patients with idiopathic adolescent scoliosis with structured lumbar curves submitted to surgical treatment by comparing coronal alignment in the group fusion up to L3 and the group fusion up to L4. Methods Retrospective cohort study. We evaluated patients submitted to surgical treatment with arthrodesis of the lumbar curve with high density of screws with at least 6 months of follow-up. Radiographically, coronal alignment, shoulder height and functional outcome were analyzed through SRS30 questionnaire. Results A total of 25 patients were analyzed, of which 23 were female and 2 were male, with a mean age of 15.2 years (12 to 29 years) at the time of surgery. The patients were divided into two groups. Group A, n = 15: Distal level of fusion in L3 and Group B, n = 10: distal level of fusion in L4. There was no statistically significant difference between Groups A and B when compared to coronal alignment (balanced vs. unbalanced). However, when compared with the coronal alignment (CA) values, lower values of CA were observed in Group A, with statistical significance. No difference was observed between Groups A and B with respect to the SRS30 questionnaire. Conclusions Patients with idiopathic adolescent scoliosis submitted to arthrodesis of the lumbar curve have a better coronal alignment when the distal fusion level is L3. Level of evidence III; Comparative Retrospective Study (based on prospectively collected data).

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Hou, Rui, Yang Xia, and Shenyuan Yang. "A Linear Relationship between the Charge Transfer Amount and Level Alignment in Molecule/Two-Dimensional Adsorption Systems." ACS Omega 5, no. 41 (October 9, 2020): 26748–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c03719.

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Park, Yeong Don, Jeong Ho Cho, Do Hwan Kim, Yunseok Jang, Hwa Sung Lee, Kyuwook Ihm, Tai-Hee Kang, and Kilwon Cho. "Energy-Level Alignment at Interfaces Between Gold and Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Films with Two Different Molecular Structures." Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters 9, no. 11 (2006): G317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2337862.

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CAFFARENA, GABRIEL, CARLOS PEDREIRA, CARLOS CARRERAS, SLOBODAN BOJANIC, and OCTAVIO NIETO-TALADRIZ. "FPGA ACCELERATION FOR DNA SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 16, no. 02 (April 2007): 245–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126607003575.

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In this paper, we present two new hardware architectures that implement the Smith–Waterman algorithm for DNA sequence alignment. Previous low-cost approaches based on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology are reviewed in detail and then improved with the goal of increased performance at the same cost (i.e., area). This goal is achieved through low level optimizations aimed to adapt the systolic structure implementing the algorithm to the regular structure of FPGAs, essentially finding the optimum granularity of the systolic cells. The proposed architectures achieve processing rates close to 1 Gbps, clearly outperforming previous approaches. Comparing to the reported FPGA results of the computation of the edit-distance between two DNA sequences, throughput is doubled for the same clock frequency with a minimum area penalty. The design has been implemented on an FPGA-based prototyping board integrated into a bioinformatics system. This has allowed validating the approach in a real system (i.e., including I/O and database access), and comparing the proposed hardware solution to purely software approaches. As shown in the paper, the results are outstanding even for slow-rate buses.

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Hajiha, Zohreh. "Effective Factors on Alignment of Accounting Information Systems in Manufacturing Companies: Evidence from Iran." Information Management and Business Review 3, no. 3 (September 15, 2011): 158–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v3i3.929.

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This study examines accounting information systems (AIS) alignment and its effective factors in the context of manufacturing companies in industries of food and beverage, sugar, materials and pharmaceutical companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE), in Iran. Strategic alignment is very important in increasing company's performance, however, few studies have been made to investigate the factors that affect alignment and therefore, in this study we aimed to identify different levels of AIS alignment of Iranian companies and then investigated the factors that affect in this alignment. We defined AIS alignment as adoption between AIS requirements and AIS capacity. Using a questionnaire, data from 81 companies (include their financial and executive managers) were gathered on nineteen accounting information specifications for both requirements and capacity of AIS. We applied moderation view for fitness between these two items. Then cluster analysis was applied to categorize companies in two groups of aligned and unaligned. The study then investigated some factors that might be related to AIS alignment. Findings indicate that AIS alignment was related to level of managerâ€™s accounting and IT knowledge; usage of accounting and audit firms as external experts of AIS; and usage of internal IT staff. The company size is also related to AIS alignment. It is important for companies to consider these effective factors on their AIS alignment so that opportunities can be recognized to improve AIS alignment that support their information needs in competitive environment.

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Stamov Roßnagel, Christian, Katrin Lo Baido, and Noleine Fitzallen. "Revisiting the relationship between constructive alignment and learning approaches: A perceived alignment perspective." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 24, 2021): e0253949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253949.

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The constructive alignment (CA) of university teaching is designed to encourage students to adopt a deep learning approach, which supports meaningful learning. The evidence is mixed, however, with some studies showing that students may adopt a surface approach even when teaching promotes deep learning. To add to the understanding of the relationships between CA and learning approaches, we explored with quantitative measures two potential implications from prior qualitative research. First, we assessed with a novel questionnaire if students’ CA perceptions predicted adaptation towards a deep learning approach. Second, we explored relationships between deep approach adaptation and learning motivation, as well as perceived mental workload. 56 students from two second-year courses in different study programmes completed a learning approach questionnaire in the second (T1), seventh (T2), and the final fourteenth (T3) course week. At T2 and T3, participants also rated the constructive alignment of the course, their learning motivation, and the mental workload. Regression analyses showed that ILO Clarity (i.e. being clear about the intended learning outcomes of the course) and receiving effective feedback were associated with a significant increase in deep approach scores from T2 to T3. That deep approach adaptation was in turn positively related to learning motivation in terms of higher ratings of one’s competence, the importance of high course performance, and course usefulness. Moreover, deep approach adaptation went with higher satisfaction of having accomplished one’s learning goals, but also with stronger feelings of insecurity and stress. Our findings suggest that students’ CA perceptions are meaningful predictors of learning approach adaptation that might eventually be developed into indicators of the effectiveness of CA implementation at the course level.

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Lintz, Francois, Louis Dagneaux, Maryama Dufrenot, Arne Burssens, Martinus Richter, Alexej Barg, and Cesar de Cesar Netto. "How Are Coronal Alignments of the Knee and Hindfoot Correlated?" Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 3, no. 3 (July 1, 2018): 2473011418S0032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011418s00322.

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Category: Hindfoot Introduction/Purpose: Hindfoot and knee coronal alignments have shown to be related in previous literature suggesting that there might be some degree of compensation between the two. However, previous studies have focused on the effects of knee surgery on hindfoot alignment, not on the preoperative relationship. Recent 3D weight bearing imaging technology may help to investigate this. The objective of this study was to analyse the preoperative relationships between knee and hindfoot coronal alignments using bilateral weight bearing CT (WBCT) and biplanar low dose radiography (BLDR). We hypothesized that hindfoot valgus and varus respectively compensates knee varus and valgus. Methods: Relevant ethical approval was obtained for this retrospective comparative level 3 study including 124 limbs in 62 patients (32 female, 30 male), mean age 56 (23-84). Mean BMI was 27 (20-38). Cases included had been referred continuously according to diagnostic protocols in our institution, for a combined WBCT and BLDR investigation. Age, gender and BMI were recorded. Cases with a history of trauma or surgery, which may have caused a change in lower limb alignment, were excluded. Hindfoot alignment was measured using a semi automatic software (TALAS, Curvebeam, Warrington PA, USA) and given as Foot Ankle Offset (FAO). Knee alignment was measured using the EOS platform (EOS Imaging, Paris, France) and given as HKA. Distribution and demographics of hindfoot alignment in the varus and valgus knee groups were studied. Correlations were investigated using linear regression and Bland and Altman plots. Results: Incidence of Varus hindfeet was 15.8% in the Valgus knee group and 25.5% in the Varus knee group but the difference was not significant (p=0.82). Bland and Altman plots did not yield any additional result. No linear correlation was found between hindfoot and knee coronal alignments in the study population. Conclusion: Our results do not confirm prior findings regarding compensatory valgus in varus knees, and do not confirm the hypothesis according to which linear compensatory mechanisms may relate knee and hindfoot alignments. In practice, these results suggest that in cases where knee and hindfoot misalignments are associated, the causes for each should be analyzed independently before any assumption is made as to hypothetical interactions. Furthermore, subsequent studies are warranted to investigate whether other kinds of non-linear correlations way be found in selected populations.

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Avila, Oscar, Virginie Goepp, and François Kiefer. "Addressing alignment concerns into the design of domain-specific information systems." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 29, no. 5 (August 13, 2018): 726–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-07-2017-0136.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to find alignment concerns (e.g. requirements, restrictions and issues) and addressing them into the design and development of domain-specific information systems (ISs) supporting product manufacturing. Design/methodology/approach The approach is based on two metamodels of the Strategic Alignment Model that formalise its underlying concepts. The metamodels are used to build specific alignment models that define the elements to be aligned and the corresponding alignment sequences. The models and alignment sequences are intended to guide the design and development of an “aligned” domain-specific IS. An industrial case study for the manufacturing industry shows the feasibility of this approach. Findings The instantiation of the alignment models components with information about the specific-domain IS project enabled us to deal with current and future concerns into the design of ISs aligned with the manufacturing strategy and infrastructures. Originality/value IS alignment is generally tackled at a strategic level, in this paper the operational and tactical levels are also addressed.

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Sydykova, Dariya K., and Claus O. Wilke. "Calculating site-specific evolutionary rates at the amino-acid or codon level yields similar rate estimates." PeerJ 5 (May 30, 2017): e3391. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3391.

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Site-specific evolutionary rates can be estimated from codon sequences or from amino-acid sequences. For codon sequences, the most popular methods use some variation of the dN∕dS ratio. For amino-acid sequences, one widely-used method is called Rate4Site, and it assigns a relative conservation score to each site in an alignment. How site-wise dN∕dS values relate to Rate4Site scores is not known. Here we elucidate the relationship between these two rate measurements. We simulate sequences with known dN∕dS, using either dN∕dS models or mutation–selection models for simulation. We then infer Rate4Site scores on the simulated alignments, and we compare those scores to either true or inferred dN∕dS values on the same alignments. We find that Rate4Site scores generally correlate well with true dN∕dS, and the correlation strengths increase in alignments with greater sequence divergence and more taxa. Moreover, Rate4Site scores correlate very well with inferred (as opposed to true) dN∕dS values, even for small alignments with little divergence. Finally, we verify this relationship between Rate4Site and dN∕dS in a variety of empirical datasets. We conclude that codon-level and amino-acid-level analysis frameworks are directly comparable and yield very similar inferences.

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Ostholt, Roman, Rafael Santos, Norbert Ambrosius, Daniel Dunker, and Jean-Pol Delrue. "Passive Die Alignment in Glass Embedded Fan-Out Packaging." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2019, no. 1 (October 1, 2019): 000152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4505-2019.1.000152.

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Abstract The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the feasibility of glass mounting substrates made by Laser Induced Deept Etching (LIDE) technology, which include newly developed passive die alignment structures. The aim of these structures is to compensate for potential die misalignments and die shift issues which become severe when moving to panel level fan-out packaging. The passive alignment structures are located at two adjacent edges of the rectangular cavity and are created in the same process step as the open cavities. The filigree spring-like alignment structures benefit from being processed in a crack- and stress-free manner. Although the spring elements have a minimal dimension of less than 100 μm, these structures show an outstanding break strength while deformed when active dies are placed in the mounting cavity. Depending on the design, the spring elements can have a stroke of several tenths of micrometer which enable the compensation of rather large die displacements. Here, we present examples for LIDE-processed mounting glass substrates with the described features. The performance of the proposed design and method was evaluated with a die accuracy study. Test dies with alignment marks were placed in the cavities and measured relatively to alignments marks on the mounting glass substrate. The Fan-Out packaging concept based on the research shown here combines several advantages: due to the relatively high Young's modulus of the glass, the reconstituted wafer shows less warpage than in the state-of-art; while the passive alignment structures reduce the die shift to a minimum (depending on dicing accuracies and through package vias for package-on-package or antenna-in-package application), and can be readily integrated.

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Cammisa, Frank P., Kai Zhang, Elizabeth R. Myers, and Federico Girardi. "P29. Two-year follow-up and effect of alignment on range of motion in Prodisc-L on one and two level patients." Spine Journal 5, no. 4 (July 2005): S123—S124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2005.05.244.

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Gonzalez-Benito, Javier, and Gustavo Lannelongue. "An integrated approach to explain the manufacturing function's contribution to business performance." International Journal of Operations & Production Management 34, no. 9 (August 26, 2014): 1126–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-08-2011-0297.

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Purpose – Prior research into the manufacturing function's contribution to business performance demonstrates two seemingly incompatible approaches: strategic alignment or the identification of best practices. In the former, practices are useful only if they are consistent with the strategy to be implemented; in the latter, better performance derives from certain practices, regardless of the strategic context. The purpose of this paper is to propose a theoretical framework to integrate these approaches according to two types of manufacturing alignment, external and internal, such that organizational performance depends on their interaction. Design/methodology/approach – The framework was tested over the information provided on a questionnaire by 148 Spanish companies in three industrial sectors: industrial and commercial machinery, electronic and other electrical equipment, and transportation equipment. Findings – The level of internal alignment depends on the manufacturing practices; some facilitate alignment under any competitive circumstances, whereas others only do so for specific competitive priorities. Originality/value – This study reinforces the idea that alignment between manufacturing capabilities and business strategy is fundamental, but it also recognizes some best practices that facilitate alignment in any circumstances. Therefore, it demonstrates that both, the approach based on strategic alignment and that based on the existence of best practices, can be combined to fully explain the potential of the manufacturing function.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Two-level alignment'

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