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Journal articles on the topic 'Two-Phase Immersion cooling'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Bar-Cohen, Avram, and Karl J. L. Geisler. "Cooling the Electronic Brain." Mechanical Engineering 133, no. 04 (2011): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2011-apr-3.

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This article discusses findings of some immersion cooling studies carried out to define the potential of direct liquid cooling of three-dimensional chip stacks. Four possible immersion cooling strategies were assessed. These included two active cooling strategies and two passive cooling strategies. The cooling densities for all four immersion cooling techniques were determined assuming the use of Fluorinert FC-72, a commonly used perfluorinated dielectric liquid. For passive systems, the cooling densities ranged from 25 W/cm3 for natural convection to 200–400 W/cm3 for pool boiling. For active
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2

Yuki, Kazuhisa. "Two-Phase Immersion Cooling for Power Electronics with High Heat Flux Generation." Journal of The Japan Institute of Electronics Packaging 21, no. 2 (2018): 122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5104/jiep.21.122.

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3

Saylor, J., A. Bar-Cohen, Tien-Yu Lee, T. Simon, Wei Tong, and Pey-Shey Wu. "Fluid Selection and Property Effects in Single-and Two-Phase Immersion Cooling." IEEE Transactions on Components, Hybrids, and Manufacturing Technology 11, no. 4 (1988): 557–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tchmt.1988.1134923.

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4

Kanbur, Baris Burak, Chenlong Wu, Simiao Fan, Wei Tong, and Fei Duan. "Two-phase liquid-immersion data center cooling system: Experimental performance and thermoeconomic analysis." International Journal of Refrigeration 118 (October 2020): 290–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2020.05.026.

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5

Liu, Cheng, and Hang Yu. "Evaluation and Optimization of a Two-Phase Liquid-Immersion Cooling System for Data Centers." Energies 14, no. 5 (2021): 1395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051395.

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An efficient cooling system for data centers can boost the working efficiency of servers and promote energy savings. In this study, a laboratory experiment and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation were performed to explore the performance of a two-phase cooling system. The coefficient of performance (COP) and partial power usage effectiveness (pPUE) of the proposed system was evaluated under various IT (Information Technology) loads. The relationship between the interval of the two submerged servers and their surface temperatures was evaluated by CFD analysis, and the minimum interval
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6

Saylor, J. R., A. Bar-Cohen, Lee Tien-Yu, T. W. Simon, Tong Wei, and Wu Pey-Shey. "Fluid selection and property effects in single- and two-phase immersion cooling (of electronic components)." IEEE Transactions on Components, Hybrids, and Manufacturing Technology 11, no. 4 (1988): 557–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/33.16697.

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7

Pérez, Sergio, Patricia Arroba, and José M. Moya. "Energy-conscious optimization of Edge Computing through Deep Reinforcement Learning and two-phase immersion cooling." Future Generation Computer Systems 125 (December 2021): 891–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2021.07.031.

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8

Knight, Roy W., Seth Fincher, Sushil H. Bhavnani, Daniel K. Harris, and R. Wayne Johnson. "A Numerical Study of Single Phase Dielectric Fluid Immersion Cooling of Multichip Modules." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2012, no. 1 (2012): 000581–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2012-wa22.

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Immersion, single phase free convection cooling of multichip modules on a printed circuit board in a pool of dielectric fluid was examined numerically, with experimental verification of baseline cases. A multi-chip module with multiple thermal test cells with temperature sensing capability was simulated. The commercially available computational fluid dynamics program from ANSYS, Fluent, was used with the electronics packaging front end, Icepak, employed to create the models and compact conduction modules. Simulations were first performed of an experimental test vehicle which had five 18 mm by
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9

Ren, Linyuan, Yanan Wang, Zihao Yang, and Weidong Ding. "High power and high repetition frequency sub-nanosecond pulse generator with two-phase immersion cooling technique." Review of Scientific Instruments 92, no. 3 (2021): 034716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0046770.

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10

Kanbur, Baris Burak, Chenlong Wu, and Fei Duan. "Multi‐criteria thermoeconomic and thermodynamic assessments of the desalination‐integrated two‐phase liquid‐immersion data center cooling system." International Journal of Energy Research 44, no. 13 (2020): 10453–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.5677.

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11

Bajare, D., J. Kazjonovs, and A. Korjakins. "The Thermal Characteristics Of Gypsum Boards With Phase Change Materials (PCM)." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 2 (August 5, 2015): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2011vol2.963.

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Two types of PCM were investigated for use in phase change gypsum boards: salt hydrate and paraffin. The transition temperatures, or melting temperatures, of the PCM is near to standard or suggested room temperatures 20-21 °C for heating-dominated climates or 25-27 °C for cooling-dominated climates. Phase change gypsum boards were produced by using three different methods: simple immersion for 1 hour and direct incorporation of raw and microencapsulated PCMs in 5 and 10% of composition mass. PCM were tested and the effects of energy conservation of PCM gypsum boards were determined. Also some
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12

Li, Xingping, Lucang Lv, Xinyue Wang, and Ji Li. "Transient thermodynamic response and boiling heat transfer limit of dielectric liquids in a two-phase closed direct immersion cooling system." Thermal Science and Engineering Progress 25 (October 2021): 100986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsep.2021.100986.

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13

Tsuji, Rikako, Kazuhisa Yuki, Kio Takai, et al. "Effect of Groove Size on Heat Transfer Performance of Two-phase Immersion Cooling with Lotus Copper Jointed onto a Grooved Heat Transfer Surface." Proceedings of the Thermal Engineering Conference 2018 (2018): 0187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeted.2018.0187.

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14

DeMott, Paul J., Ottmar Möhler, Daniel J. Cziczo, et al. "The Fifth International Workshop on Ice Nucleation phase 2 (FIN-02): laboratory intercomparison of ice nucleation measurements." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 11, no. 11 (2018): 6231–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6231-2018.

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Abstract. The second phase of the Fifth International Ice Nucleation Workshop (FIN-02) involved the gathering of a large number of researchers at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology's Aerosol Interactions and Dynamics of the Atmosphere (AIDA) facility to promote characterization and understanding of ice nucleation measurements made by a variety of methods used worldwide. Compared to the previous workshop in 2007, participation was doubled, reflecting a vibrant research area. Experimental methods involved sampling of aerosol particles by direct processing ice nucleation measuring systems from
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15

Lu, Fengxia, Meng Wang, Weizhen Liu, Heyun Bao, and Rupeng Zhu. "CFD-based calculation method of convective heat transfer coefficient of spiral bevel gear in intermediate gearbox under splash lubrication." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 73, no. 3 (2021): 470–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-07-2020-0233.

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Purpose This paper aims to propose a numerical method to calculate the convective heat transfer coefficient of spiral bevel gears under the condition of splash lubrication and to reveal the lubrication and temperature characteristics between the gears and the oil-air two-phase flow. Design/methodology/approach Based on computational fluid dynamics, the multiple reference frames (MRF) method was used to simulate the rotational characteristics of gears and the motions of their surrounding fluid. The lubrication and temperature characteristics of gears were studied by combining the MRF method wit
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16

Date, Hidefumi. "Effect of Strain Rates on the Transformation Behavior of Ni-Ti Alloy." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 3231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.3231.

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In order to clarify the effect of strain rates on phase transformation behaviors of Ni-Ti alloy, a compressive test using a cylindrical specimen of polycrystalline Ni-Ti alloy of Ti-50.69 at% Ni was carried out at a high strain rate and a low strain rate. The transformation temperatures were determined by a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) using a sample cut from a compressed specimen. The transformation temperatures of the specimens before deformation were Ms= 303 K, Mf = 287 K, As = 297 K and Af = 319 K, respectively. The compressive test was carried out using specimen heated from liq
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17

YUKI, Kazuhisa, Risako KIBUSHI, Rikako TSUJI, et al. "Thermal management of automotive SiC-based on-board inverter with 500 W/cm2 in heat flux, and Two-phase immersion cooling by breathing phenomenon spontaneously induced by lotus porous copper jointed onto a grooved heat transfer surface." Journal of Thermal Science and Technology 15, no. 1 (2020): JTST0012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jtst.2020jtst0012.

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18

Umo, Nsikanabasi Silas, Robert Wagner, Romy Ullrich, et al. "Enhanced ice nucleation activity of coal fly ash aerosol particles initiated by ice-filled pores." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 13 (2019): 8783–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8783-2019.

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Abstract. Ice-nucleating particles (INPs), which are precursors for ice formation in clouds, can alter the microphysical and optical properties of clouds, thereby impacting the cloud lifetimes and hydrological cycles. However, the mechanisms with which these INPs nucleate ice when exposed to different atmospheric conditions are still unclear for some particles. Recently, some INPs with pores or permanent surface defects of regular or irregular geometries have been reported to initiate ice formation at cirrus temperatures via the liquid phase in a two-step process, involving the condensation an
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19

Torres, C. A. A., E. A. M. Amorim, L. S. Amorim, J. K. Graham, and M. Meyers. "96 EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION WITH TUNA OIL ON THE LIPID COMPOSITION OF BOAR SPERMATOZOA AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SEMEN." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 20, no. 1 (2008): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv20n1ab96.

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In most mammals, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is the dominant polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), although, in several species, docosapentaenoic acid is also a major component of the sperm cell membranes. The amount of DHA in spermatozoa is positively correlated with sperm motility. The effect of dietary supplementation with tuna oil (TO) on the lipid and fatty acid composition of boar spermatozoa and the relationship between the changes in composition and boar semen characteristics were studied. Twenty-four boars were distributed in a completely randomized factorial design (2 � 3) with two oil s
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20

Ramakrishnan, Bharath, Husam Alissa, Ioannis Manousakis, et al. "CPU Overclocking: A Performance Assessment of Air, Cold Plates, and Two-Phase Immersion Cooling." IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology, 2021, 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcpmt.2021.3106026.

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21

Pal, Aniruddha, and Yogendra Joshi. "Boiling of Water at Subatmospheric Conditions With Enhanced Structures: Effect of Liquid Fill Volume." Journal of Electronic Packaging 130, no. 1 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2837523.

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Liquid cooling with phase change has been demonstrated to be a very efficient technique for thermal management of electronics because it has the potential to achieve high heat transfer coefficients compared to single phase liquid cooling. Previous studies on liquid immersion cooling with fluorocarbons have shown the effectiveness of boiling enhancement structures in lowering boiling incipience, raising the critical heat flux, and reducing evaporator size. Two-phase thermosyphons are an alternative to liquid immersion cooling, where phase change liquid cooling can be implemented within a closed
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22

Gess, Joshua, Sushil Bhavnani, and R. Wayne Johnson. "Single- and Two-Phase Particle Image Velocimetry Characterization of Fluid Flow Within a Liquid Immersion Cooled Electronics Module." Journal of Electronic Packaging 138, no. 4 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4034854.

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With the growth and acceptance of liquid immersion cooling as a viable thermal management technique for high performance microelectronics, fundamental questions regarding the nature of the flow within the system will need to be addressed. Among these are how the coolant is directed toward components of primary interest as well as how other elements within the electronics package may affect the delivery of fluid to these more critical locations. The proposed study seeks to experimentally address these issues with particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements of unheated and heated flow within a
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23

Wang, Yanan, Linyuan Ren, Zihao Yang, Zichen Deng, and Weidong Ding. "Application of Two-phase Immersion Cooling Technique for Performance Improvement of High Power and High Repetition Avalanche Transistorized Sub-Nanosecond Pulse Generators." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2021, 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2021.3111348.

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24

Ghaffari, Omidreza, Wei Tong, Yaser Nabavi Larimi, et al. "Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Heat Spreading on Boiling of a Dielectric Liquid for Immersion Cooling of Electronics." Journal of Electronic Packaging 143, no. 4 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4051943.

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Abstract This paper investigated the effect of heat spreading on the boiling of the Novec 649™ for two-phase immersion cooling of electronics. Reference pool boiling tests were performed by attaching a 25.4 mm by 25.4 mm square copper plate to a same-sized heater, thus minimizing lateral heat spreading. Experimental measurements showed that the critical heat flux (CHF) happened at a heat flux of 17.4±0.8 W/cm2. Then, lateral heat spreading through the heat spreader was studied by attaching larger (47 mm by 47 mm) spreaders with four different thicknesses to the copper plate. With an increase i
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