Academic literature on the topic 'Two photo microfabrication'

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Journal articles on the topic "Two photo microfabrication"

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Yang, Da, Shalin J. Jhaveri, and Christopher K. Ober. "Three-Dimensional Microfabrication by Two-Photon Lithography." MRS Bulletin 30, no. 12 (December 2005): 976–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2005.251.

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AbstractThe controlled formation of submicrometer-scale structures in three dimensions is of increasing interest in many applications. Not intended to produce the smallest structures, but instead aimed at complex topographies, two-photon lithography is an intrinsic 3D lithography technique that enables the fabrication of structures difficult to access by conventional single-photon processes with far greater spatial resolution than other 3D microfabrication techniques. By tightly focusing a femtosecond laser beam into a resin, subsequent photo-induced reactions such as polymerization occur only in the close vicinity of the focal point, allowing the fabrication of a 3D structure by directly writing 3D patterns. The current research effort in two-photon lithography is largely devoted to the design and synthesis of high-efficiency photoinitiators and sensitizers, as well as the development of new materials and systems. This article provides an overview of the progress in two-photon processes for the formation of complex images and the development of patterned structures.
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Loebel, Claudia, Nicolas Broguiere, Mauro Alini, Marcy Zenobi-Wong, and David Eglin. "Microfabrication of Photo-Cross-Linked Hyaluronan Hydrogels by Single- and Two-Photon Tyramine Oxidation." Biomacromolecules 16, no. 9 (August 7, 2015): 2624–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00363.

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Flemming, Jeb H., Kevin Dunn, James Gouker, Carrie Schmidt, and Colin Buckley. "Cost effective Precision 3D Glass Microfabrication for Electronic Packaging." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2011, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 000199–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2011-tp1-paper3.

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The most singular focus of the electronics industry during the last 50 years has been to miniaturize ICs by miniaturization of transistors and on-chip interconnections. Two major problems are foreseen with this approach; (1) electrical leakage and (2) the lack of improved electrical performance beyond 16nm. As a result, the industry is transitioning from the current SOC-based approach to a through-silicon-via (TSV) based 3D IC-stacked approach. However, a major challenge remains; these 3D ICs need to be interconnected to other ICs with a much higher number of I/Os than are available with current ceramic or organic interposers. While silicon interposers currently in development can provide these high I/Os, they cannot do so at low enough cost. In this extended abstract, 3D Glass Solutions, a division of Life BioScience, Inc., presents our efforts in glass interposer microfabrication. Glass interposers possess many advantages over silicon interposers including: cost, production time, and scale. 3D Glass Solution’s APEX™ Glass ceramic is a photo-sensitive material used to create high density arrays of through glass vias (TGVs) using three simple processing steps: exposure, baking, and etching. To date, we have been successful in producing large arrays of 12 micron diameter TGVs, with 14 micron center-to-center pitch, in 125 micron thick APEX™ Glass ceramic. This extended abstract covers (1) on our efforts producing high aspect ratio TGVs in ultra thin (75–250 micron) APEX™ Glass ceramic wafers, (2) maximum TGV aspect ratios, and (3) TGV fidelity and limits of manufacturing.
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Wei, Peng, Ning Li, and Lishuang Feng. "A Type of Two-Photon Microfabrication System and Experimentations." ISRN Mechanical Engineering 2011 (January 26, 2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/278095.

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After the femtosecond laser was invented, two-photon microfabrication technology has been recognized as an important method to fabricate the nanostructure and microstructure. In this paper, the two-photon microfabrication system is described, and some experiments are done. From the experiment results, it can be seen that the resolution of the two-photon microfabrication system can be improved by the expose time, the laser power, and the diffractive superresolution element (DSE). Finally, some three-dimensional (3D) microstructure models are fabricated to show the potential of the two-photon microfabrication method.
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Paoli, Roberto, Davide Di Giuseppe, Maider Badiola-Mateos, Eugenio Martinelli, Maria Jose Lopez-Martinez, and Josep Samitier. "Rapid Manufacturing of Multilayered Microfluidic Devices for Organ on a Chip Applications." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 16, 2021): 1382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041382.

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Microfabrication and Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) soft-lithography techniques became popular for microfluidic prototyping at the lab, but even after protocol optimization, fabrication is yet a long, laborious process and partly user-dependent. Furthermore, the time and money required for the master fabrication process, necessary at any design upgrade, is still elevated. Digital Manufacturing (DM) and Rapid-Prototyping (RP) for microfluidics applications arise as a solution to this and other limitations of photo and soft-lithography fabrication techniques. Particularly for this paper, we will focus on the use of subtractive DM techniques for Organ-on-a-Chip (OoC) applications. Main available thermoplastics for microfluidics are suggested as material choices for device fabrication. The aim of this review is to explore DM and RP technologies for fabrication of an OoC with an embedded membrane after the evaluation of the main limitations of PDMS soft-lithography strategy. Different material options are also reviewed, as well as various bonding strategies. Finally, a new functional OoC device is showed, defining protocols for its fabrication in Cyclic Olefin Polymer (COP) using two different RP technologies. Different cells are seeded in both sides of the membrane as a proof of concept to test the optical and fluidic properties of the device.
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Wei, P., Yu Zhu, Q. F. Tan, G. H. Duan, and G. H. Gao. "Discussion on the Radial Superresolution of the Two-Photon Microfabrication." Key Engineering Materials 329 (January 2007): 601–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.329.601.

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In order to improve the radial superresolution of the two-photon microfabrication, the superresolution diffraction theory was introduced in detail. The theoretical analysis of the photosensitive resist based on the exciting power and concentration of free radical was given.. And the superresolution diffractive optical element was applied in the two-photon microfabrication system. Simulation results indicated that the radial superresolution of the two-photon microfabrication can be improved with the superresolution diffractive optical element.
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Wei, P., O. F. Tan, Y. Zhu, and G. H. Duan. "Axial superresolution of two-photon microfabrication." Applied Optics 46, no. 18 (May 31, 2007): 3694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.46.003694.

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Yan, Yunxing, Xutang Tao, Guibao Xu, Huaping Zhao, Yuanhong Sun, Chuankui Wang, Jiaxiang Yang, Xiaoqiang Yu, Xian Zhao, and Minhua Jiang. "Synthesis, Characterization, and Non-Linear Optical Properties of Two New Symmetrical Two-Photon Photopolymerization Initiators." Australian Journal of Chemistry 58, no. 1 (2005): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch04111.

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Two new symmetrical two-photon free-radical photopolymerization initiators, 1,4-bis-{2-[4-(2-pyridin-4-ylvinyl)phenyl]vinyl}-2,5-bisdimethoxybenzene 6 and 1,4-bis-{2-[4-(2-pyridin-4-ylvinyl)phenyl]vinyl}-2,5-bisdodecyloxybenzene 7, were synthesized using an efficient Wittig and Pd-catalyzed Heck coupling methodology. One-photon fluorescence, one-photon fluorescence quantum yields, one-photon fluorescence lifetimes, and two-photon fluorescence have been investigated. Experimental results show that both compounds were good two-photon absorbing chromophores and effective two-photon photopolymerization initiators. Two-photon polymerization microfabrication experiments have been studied and the possible photopolymerization mechanism is discussed.
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Qi, Fengjie, Yan Li, Hengchang Guo, Hong Yang, and Qihuang Gong. "Wavy lines in two-photon photopolymerization microfabrication." Optics Express 12, no. 20 (2004): 4725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/opex.12.004725.

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Niesler, Fabian, and Martin Hermatschweiler. "Two-Photon Polymerization - A Versatile Microfabrication Tool." Optik & Photonik 11, no. 2 (April 2016): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/opph.201600018.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Two photo microfabrication"

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Wang, Yiqing. "Grafted and Crosslinkable Polyphenyleneethynylene: Synthesis, Properties and Their Application." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-11282005-115303/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006.
Tolbert, Laren, Committee Member ; Perahia, Dorva, Committee Member ; Perry, Joseph, Committee Member ; Collard, David, Committee Member ; Bunz, Uwe, Committee Chair.
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Young, Aaron Cody. "Optical applications of two-photon and microexplosion lithography /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9780.

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Yanez, Ciceron. "SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL FLUORENE-BASED TWO-PHOTON ABSORBING MOLECULES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN OPTICAL DATA STORAGE, MICROFABRICATIO." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3573.

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Two-photon absorption (2PA) has been used for a number of scientific and technological applications, exploiting the fact that the 2PA probability is directly proportional to the square of the incident light intensity (while one-photon absorption bears a linear relation to the incident light intensity). This intrinsic property of 2PA leads to 3D spatial localization, important in fields such as optical data storage, fluorescence microscopy, and 3D microfabrication. The spatial confinement that 2PA enables has been used to induce photochemical and photophysical events in increasingly smaller volumes and allowed nonlinear, 2PA-based, technologies to reach sub-diffraction limit resolutions. The primary focus of this dissertation is the development of novel, efficient 2PA, fluorene-based molecules to be used either as photoacid generators (PAGs) or fluorophores. A second aim is to develop more effective methods of synthesizing these compounds. As a third and final objective, the new molecules were used to develop a write-once-read many (WORM) optical data storage system, and stimulated emission depletion probes for bioimaging. In Chapter I, the microwave-assisted synthesis of triarylsulfonium salt photoacid generators (PAGs) from their diphenyliodonium counterparts is reported. The microwave-assisted synthesis of these novel sulfonium salts afforded reaction times 90 to 420 times faster than conventional thermal conditions, with photoacid quantum yields of new sulfonium PAGs ranging from 0.01 to 0.4. These PAGs were used to develop a fluorescence readout-based, nonlinear three-dimensional (3D) optical data storage system (Chapter II). In this system, writing was achieved by acid generation upon two-photon absorption (2PA) of a PAG (at 710 or 730 nm). Readout was then performed by interrogating two-photon absorbing dyes, after protonation, at 860 nm. Two-photon recording and readout of voxels was demonstrated in five and eight consecutive, crosstalk-free layers within a polymer matrix, generating a data storage capacity of up to 1.8 x 1013 bits/cm3. The possibility of using these PAGs in microfabrication is described in Chapter III, where two-photon induced cationic ring-opening polymerization (CROP) crosslinking of an SU8 resin is employed to produce free-standing microstructures. Chapter IV describes the investigation of one- and two-photon stimulated emission transitions by the fluorescence quenching of a sulfonyl-containing fluorene compound in solution at room temperate using a picosecond pump-probe technique. The nature of stimulated transitions under various fluorescence excitation and quenching conditions were analyzed theoretically, and good agreement with experimental data was demonstrated. Two-photon stimulated transitions S1 to S0 were shown at 1064 nm. The two-photon stimulated emission cross section of the sulfonyl fluorophore was estimated as aproximately 240 - 280 GM, making this compound a good candidate for use in two-photon stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy.
Ph.D.
Department of Chemistry
Sciences
Chemistry PhD
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Gomes, Vinicius Tribuzi Rodrigues Pinheiro. "Microfabricação por fotopolimerização via absorção de dois fótons." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76131/tde-24032010-141822/.

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Neste trabalho usamos pulsos de femtossegundos na fabricação de estruturas poliméricas em escala microscópica, através da técnica de fotopolimerização via absorção de dois fótons. Graças ao confinamento espacial da polimerização, resultante do processo de absorção de dois fótons, este método permite a fabricação de microestruturas tridimensionais complexas, com alta resolução, visando diversas aplicações tecnológicas, de fotônica até biologia. Inicialmente, desenvolvemos a técnica de fotopolimerização via absorção de dois fótons, desde a implantação da montagem óptica até a confecção dos sistemas de movimentação e controle do posicionamento do feixe laser. Através da fabricação e caracterização de microestruturas, produzidas em resinas acrílicas, o sistema foi aperfeiçoado permitindo a produção de microestruturas da pordem de 30um com razoável resolução espacial. Uma vez que a maior parte as microestruturas reportadas na literatura são elementos passivos, ou seja, suas propriedades ópticas não podem ser controladas por meios externos, numa segunda etapa deste projeto produzimos microestruturas opticamente ativas. Neste caso, a microfabricação foi feita em resinas acrílicas dopadas Rodamina B, exibindo, portanto, fluorescência quando excitadas com luz de comprimento de onda em torno de 540nm. Finalmente, visando a produção eficiente de estruturas em escala milimétrica para aplicações biológicas, implementamos também um sistema de fotopolomerização via absorção de um fóton.
In this work we used femtosecond pulses to fabricate polymeric structures at microscopic scale, by using the two-photon photopolymerization technique. Due to the spatial confinement of the polymerization, provided by the two-photon absorption, this method allows for the fabrication of complex three-dimensional microstructures, with high resolution, aiming to several technological applications, from photonics to biology. Initially, we developed the two-photon polimerization technique, from the optical setup to the mechanical systems to control the movement and the positioning of the laser beam. Through the fabrication and characterization os microestrutures, produced in acrylic resin, the apparatus was improved, allowing the fabriation of 30-um microstructures with reasonable spatial resolution. Since most the report in the literature are passive elements that is, their optical properties cannot be altered by any external means, in a second stage of this project we fabricated optical active microstructures. In this case, the microfabrication was carried out in acrylic resins doped with Rodamine B, exhibiting, consenquently, fluorescence when excited with light at 540nm. Finally, in order to eficiently produce milimetric structures for biological applications, we also implemented a one-photon polimerization setup.
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Yanez, Ciceron. "Synthesis of novel fluorene-based two-photon absorbing molecules and their applications in optical data storage, microfabrication, and stimulated emission depletion." Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0002913.

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Hobeika, Nelly. "Photophysique et Réactivité de Photoamorceurs Activables à Deux Photons : Application à Microfabrication Multiphonique." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MULH8693.

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L’avènement des lasers impulsionnels nanosecondes à femtosecondes a permis un développement rapide de techniques permettant de sonder et/ou de transformer les matériaux à l’échelle locale par des processus d’absorption non linéaire. Ce saut technologique a vu l’émergence de nombreuses applications associées au phénomène de confinement spatial. La stéréolithographie 3D par photopolymérisation biphotonique constitue un exemple typique d’application à forte valeur ajoutée qui offre de prometteuses perspectives en terme d’écriture à l’échelle nanométrique. Un enjeu fondamental constitue alors l’élaboration de nouveaux photoamorceurs très réactifs et activables à deux photons. Dans ce contexte, ce manuscrit présente une étude photophysique et photochimique de deux séries de photoamorceurs biphotoniques ‘Donneur/Accepteur’ intégrants des stilbènes comme relais électroniques avec pré-organisation dans des structures bichromophores. Les processus primaires photoinduits, les mécanismes de photoamorçage, la photoréactivité à l’echelle locale sont décrits et étudiés méthodiquement. Enfin, le potentiel appliqué de cette nouvelle génération de photoamorceurs est mis en évidence en microfabrication multiphotonique à travers l’élaboration de structure 3D à l’échelle µm
The advent of pulsed laser technologies has promoted the rapid growth of new emerging research domains which aim at probing and/or transforming materials at local scale using non linear absorption processes. A large range of applications takes benefit of the inherent spatial containment observed in non linear absorption processes so as to control photoreactions at nm-scale. The field of multiphoton fabrication (or stereolithography) addresses this fundamental issue and has developed rapidly so that it is no longer a rapid prototyping technology but a real manufacturing technique that is commercially available. The development of multiphoton stereolitography also requires highly reactive two-photon activable (2PA) initiators whose design and elaboration are the subject of considerable molecular engineering research. In this context, the present manuscript describes the photophysical and photochemical properties of two series of 2PA initiators. Such novel D--A structures have be designed by associating distinctive Donor and Acceptor groups into stilbene arms used as ‘electron relay’ and organized into a (multi)branched architecture. The photoinduced primary processes, the global photoinitiating mechanisms as well as the photoreactivity are described methodically. We finally demonstrate the applied potential of this new type of two-photon initiators in multiphoton stereolitography
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Vergote, Thomas. "Synthèse de générateurs de photoacides activables par absorption biphotonique pour la microfabrication à trois dimensions." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MULH7514.

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Depuis les années 60, la génération d’acide fort de Brönsted par un processus photoinduit à un photon est utilisée dans des nombreux domaines de recherche de plus en plus nombreux. Cependant, de tels acides peuvent-être facilement obtenus par voie biphotonique ce qui présente de nombreux avantages comme par exemple : une meilleure réactivité via une excitation direct du photoacide, l’utilisation possible d’une atmosphère non contrôlée, l’utilisation de microlasers à impulsions sub-nanosecondes peu couteux, mais aussi l’augmentation de la résolution spatiale des micro-objets 3D fabriqués. La génération d’acide se fait généralement par transfert d’électron entre un sensibilisateur et un générateur de photoacide (PAG). Une approche prometteuse consiste à associer, sur une même molécule, un PAG et un chromophore actif à deux photons. Il a donc semblé intéressant de développer de nouveaux PAG capables, par excitation biphotonique, d’amorcer directement la photopolymérisation. Nous avons choisi de préparer des systèmes capto-datifs stilbéniques, de nature neutre ou ionique. Aussi, une série de PAG neutres substitués par des groupements diphénylamino- donneur et iminosulfonates -cyanés accepteurs a été synthétisée. Nous avons également commencé, mais non achevé, la synthèse de PAG neutres portant des groupements iminosulfonates -trifluorométhylés. Puis, nous avons cherché à synthétiser des PAG ioniques substitués soit par un groupement éthoxy soit par un groupement diphénylamino soit par un groupement julolidine. Néanmoins, la dernière étape de la synthèse est pour l’instant un verrou synthétique
Since the 60’s, the generation of strong Brönsted acids by a one-proton photoinduced process has been used in more and more research areas. Recently, it has been shown, that such acids are easily obtained by a two-photon process. This offers many advantages such as: i) a better reactivity owing to a direct excitation of the photoacid, ii) the possible use of a non-controlled atmosphere, iii) the use of inexpensive microlasers with sub-nanosecond impulsions, iv) the increase of spatial resolution in 3D microfabrication. The acid generation generally proceeds through a photo-induced electro transfer from an excited sensitizer to the photoacid generator (PAG). A promising approach should be the introduction on a single molecule of both a PAG and a two-photon active chromophore moiety. In this context, we have developed new PAGs able to initiate photopolymerisation through a two-photon activation process. The syntheses were focused on stilbenic push-pull systems having either a neutral or an ionic nature. A series of neutral PAGs bearing a diphenylamino donor group and an α-cyano iminosulfonate acceptor moiety has been synthesized. The preparation of neutral PAGs bearing iminosulfonate α-trifluoromethylated groups were not yet completed. The syntheses of ionic PAGs substituted by an ethoxy group, a diphenylamino group or a julolidine one, could not be completed either
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Chen, Vincent W. "Fabrication and chemical modifications of photonic crystals produced by multiphoton lithography." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45918.

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This thesis is concerned with the fabrication methodology of polymeric photonic crystals operating in the visible to near infrared regions and the correlation between the chemical deposition morphologies and the resultant photonic stopband enhancements of photonic crystals. Multiphoton lithography (MPL) is a powerful approach to the fabrication of polymeric 3D micro- and nano-structures with a typical minimum feature size ~ 200 nm. The completely free-form 3D fabrication capability of MPL is very well suited to the formation of tailored photonic crystals (PCs), including structures containing well defined defects. Such structures are of considerable current interest as micro-optical devices for their filtering, stop-band, dispersion, resonator, or waveguiding properties. More specifically, the stop-band characteristics of polymer PCs can be finely controlled via nanoscale changes in rod spacings and the chemical functionalities at the polymer surface can be readily utilized to impart new optical properties. Nanoscale features as small as 65 ± 5 nm have been formed reproducibly by using 520 nm femtosecond pulsed excitation of a 4,4'-bis(di-n-butylamino)biphenyl chromophore to initiate crosslinking in a triacrylate blend. Dosimetry studies of the photoinduced polymerization were performed on chromophores with sizable two-photon absorption cross-sections at 520 and 730 nm. These studies show that sub-diffraction limited line widths are obtained in both cases with the lines written at 520 nm being smaller. Three-dimensional multiphoton lithography at 520 nm has been used to fabricate polymeric woodpile photonic crystal structures that show stop bands in the visible to near-infrared spectral region. 85 ± 4 nm features were formed using swollen gel photoresist by 730 nm excitation MPL. An index matching oil was used to induce chemical swelling of gel resists prior to MPL fabrication. When swollen matrices were subjected to multiphoton excitation, a similar excitation volume is achieved as in normal unswollen resins. However, upon deswelling of the photoresist following development a substantial reduction in feature size was obtained. PCs with high structural fidelity across 100 µm × 100 µm × 32 layers exhibited strong reflectivity (>60% compared to a gold mirror) in the near infrared region. The positions of the stop-bands were tuned by varying the swelling time, the exposure power (which modifies the feature sizes), and the layer spacing between rods. Silver coatings have been applied to PCs with a range of coverage densities and thicknesses using electroless deposition. Sparse coatings resulted in enhanced reflectivity for the stop band located at ~5 µm, suggesting improved interface reflectivity inside the photonic crystal due to the Ag coating. Thick coatings resulted in plasmonic bandgap behavior with broadband reflectivity enhancement and PC lattice related bandedge at 1.75 µm. Conformal titania coatings were grown onto the PCs via a surface sol-gel method. Uniform and smooth titania coatings were achieved, resulting in systematically red-shifted stopbands from their initial positions with increasing thicknesses, corresponding to the increased effective refractive index of the PC. High quality titania shell structures with modest stopbands were obtained after polymer removal. Gold replica structures were obtained by electroless deposition on the silica cell walls of naturally occurring diatoms and the subsequent silica removal. The micron-scaled periodic hole lattice originated from the diatom resulted in surface plasmon interferences when excited by infrared frequencies. The hole patterns were characterized and compared with hexagonal hole arrays fabricated by focused ion beam etching of similarly gold plated substrate. Modeling of the hole arrays concluded that while diatom replicas lack long-ranged periodicity, the local hole to hole spacings were sufficient to generate enhanced transmission of 13% at 4.2 µm. The work presented herein is a step towards the development of PCs with new optical and chemical functionalities. The ability to rapidly prototype polymeric PCs of various lattice parameters using MPL combined with facile coating chemistries to create structures with the desired optical properties offers a powerful means to produce tailored high performance photonic crystal devices.
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Gomes, Vinicius Tribuzi Rodrigues Pinheiro. "Fabricação de microestruturas poliméricas opticamente ativas integradas com nanofibras de vidro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76131/tde-12062013-111227/.

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Este trabalho demonstra o uso da fotopolimerização via absorção de dois fótons na produção de microestruturas dopadas com compostos orgânicos e nanopartículas de Au. A capacidade de produção de microestruturas com propriedades variadas é extremamente relevante, pois viabiliza o desenvolvimento de uma nova geração de dispositivos ópticos. Além disso, realizamos a conexão entre as microestruturas fabricadas e fontes de excitação, por meio de nanofibras de vidro. A integração entre essas estruturas, e destas com meios externos de excitação e detecção, é um passo essencial para o desenvolvimento de microcircuitos fotônicos, que podem representar uma nova revolução tecnológica, a exemplo do que foram os microcircuitos eletrônicos. Exploramos as possibilidades de dopagem da resina usando: (i) um composto fluorescente, (ii) um composto com birrefringência fotoinduzida e (iii) nanopartículas de ouro. Microestruturas contendo Rodamina B apresentaram boa integridade estrutural e fluorescência, tendo sido usadas para demonstrar a conexão dos microelementos com meios externos de excitação. Através de nanofibras e de micromanipuladores, comprovamos a capacidade de excitação seletiva de microestruturas através do guiamento da luz de um laser de Ar+. Estruturas birrefringentes foram obtidas pela dopagem com o azopolímero HEMA-DR13. Montamos um aparato que permite a observação da dinâmica de indução de birrefringência nas microestruturas, o qual representa um grande passo na caracterização deste tipo de microelementos. Com base nesse estudo, foi possível alcançar uma fração de birrefringência residual nas microestruturas de 35%. Por fim, propomos um método para a dopagem de microestruturas poliméricas com nanopartículas de ouro. Por se tratar de um método de dopagem indireta, ele evita interferências das nanopartículas no processo de microfabricação. Dessa forma, este trabalho abre possibilidades para a fabricação de microdispositivos funcionais com diversas propriedades especiais, bem como a integração desses microdispositivos em circuitos fotônicos.
This work demonstrates the use of two-photon photopolymerization in the fabrication of microstructures doped with organic compounds and gold nanoparticles. The ability to produce microstructures with different properties is extremely relevant, because it opens the possibility for the development of a new generation of optical devices. Besides, we have accomplished the connection between fabricated microstructures and excitation sources by means of silica nanowires. The connection among structures and with external means of detection and excitation is an essential step towards the development of new technological breakthrough in photonic microcircuits. We have explored the resin doping possibilities by using: (i) a fluorescent compound, (ii) a photoinduced birefringent compound and (iii) gold nanoparticles. Rhodamine B doped microstructures present good structural integrity and fluorescence, and were able to demonstrate the connection of microelements with external means of excitation. Through the use of nanofiber tapers and micromanipulators, we have shown the selective excitation capability of this method by guiding Ar+ laser light onto one single microstructure. Birefringent samples were obtained by doping the resin with the azopolymer HEMA-DR13. We have assembled an apparatus that allows observing the photoinduced birefringence dynamics, which represents a great step towards a better characterization of these kinds of microelements. Based on this study we were able to achieve a residual birefringence fraction of 35% in microscopic samples. Finally, we have proposed a new method for the doping of polymeric microstructures with gold nanoparticles. Because it is an indirect doping technique, it prevents gold nanoparticles from interfering with the microfabrication process. Thus, the work presented here paves the way for the fabrication of functional microdevices with a wide range of special properties, as well as for the connection of these microstructures for photonic microcircuit.
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Arnoux, Caroline. "Optimisation d'un procédé d'impression 3D haute résolution à deux photons basé sur la fabrication en parallèle dans des résines photosensibles non-linéaires." Thesis, Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSEN004.

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La structuration sub-micrométrique de grandes surfaces avec une très bonne résolution spatiale pourrait ouvrir de nouvelles frontières dans de nombreux domaines, tels que le stockage de données optiques 3D, la biomédecine ou les micro-dispositifs mécaniques et optiques. Parmi les différentes techniques de fabrication additive, la polymérisation biphotonique a suscité un grand intérêt en raison de sa résolution spatiale, sous la limite de diffraction de la longueur d'onde considérée. Néanmoins, cette technique souffre d'une vitesse d'écriture limitée et d'un coût d'exploitation élevé qui ralentissent son entrée sur le marché. Le but de ce projet de thèse est d'accroitre la vitesse de fabrication par polymérisation biphotonique en fabriquant plusieurs structures en parallèle grâce à la combinaison d’une source laser appropriée et d’éléments optiques diffractifs (EOD) avec une résine à faible seuil de polymérisation. Dans ce cadre, deux nouveaux photoamorceurs biphotoniques ont été synthétisés et caractérisés finement au moyen de multiples techniques (spectroscopies linéaire et non-linéaire, spectroscopie de résonance paramagnétique électronique, voltampérométrie cyclique, microfabrication, spectroscopie Raman). Leur utilisation au sein d’un mélange de monomères acrylates choisis a permis de mettre en évidence le fort potentiel de ces nouveaux amorceurs, comparé à ceux de la littérature. Les seuils de polymérisation ainsi que les dimensions des structures fabriquées ont été déterminés et corrélés à un modèle mathématique. Une méthode de quantification des rendements quantiques de photoamorçage combinant l'actinométrie chimique et la spectroscopie RMN du fluor a été proposée. L’impression simultanée en parallèle de 121 structures a été réalisée, nous conduisant à soulever les problèmes liés aux effets de proximité dans de telles conditions de fabrication ainsi qu’à proposer des voies d’amélioration
The fast patterning of sub-micrometric structures with high three-dimensional (3D) spatial resolution over a large area could open new frontiers in many fields such as 3D optical data storage, biomedicine or mechanical and optical micro-devices. Among the various additive manufacturing techniques, two-photon polymerization (TPP) has attracted a high level of interest due to the spatial resolution it offers, below the diffraction limit of the wavelength used. Nevertheless, this technique suffers from a limited writing speed and a high operating cost which slow down its entry on the market.The goal of this thesis project is to increase the building speed of TPP by fabricating several structures in parallel thanks to the combination of an appropriate laser source and diffractive optical elements (DOE) with a low polymerization threshold resin. In this framework, two new two-photon photoinitiators were synthesized and finely characterized using multiple techniques (linear and nonlinear spectroscopies, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, TPP microfabrication, Raman spectroscopy), highlighting their strong potential compared to benchmarks. The polymerization thresholds and the dimensions of the manufactured structures were determined and correlated to a mathematical model. A method for quantifying photoinduced radical generation quantum efficiencies by combining chemical actinometry and 19F NMR spectroscopy has been proposed. Simultaneous parallel printing of 121 structures was performed, revealing issues related to the proximity effects under such fabrication conditions, which we partially solved
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Books on the topic "Two photo microfabrication"

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Baldacchini, Tommaso. Three-Dimensional Microfabrication Using Two-Photon Polymerization. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2015.

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Three-Dimensional Microfabrication Using Two-photon Polymerization. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2014-0-01016-7.

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Three-Dimensional Microfabrication Using Two-Photon Polymerization. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2018-0-00278-9.

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Book chapters on the topic "Two photo microfabrication"

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Sun, Hong-Bo, and Satoshi Kawata. "Two-Photon Photopolymerization and 3D Lithographic Microfabrication." In NMR 3D Analysis Photopolymerization, 169–273. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b94405.

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Baldacchini, Tommaso. "Three-Dimensional Microfabrication by Two-Photon Polymerization." In Generating Micro- and Nanopatterns on Polymeric Materials, 107–40. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527633449.ch7.

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Ovsianikov, Aleksandr, and Boris N. Chichkov. "Three-Dimensional Microfabrication by Two-Photon Polymerization Technique." In Computer-Aided Tissue Engineering, 311–25. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-764-4_19.

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Wei, P., Y. Zhu, Q. F. Tan, G. H. Duan, and G. H. Gao. "Discussion on the Radial Superresolution of the Two-Photon Microfabrication." In Advances in Abrasive Technology IX, 601–6. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-416-2.601.

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Yanez, Ciceron O., Carolina D. Andrade, Sheng Yao, Gheorghe Luchita, Mykhailo V. Bondar, and Kevin D. Belfield. "Photosensitive Polymeric Materials for Two-Photon 3D WORM Optical Data Storage and Microfabrication." In Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications, 111–28. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2010-1039.ch008.

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Weiß, T., A. Berg, S. Fiedler, G. Hildebrand, R. Schade, M. Schnabelrauch, and K. Liefeith. "Two-Photon Polymerization for Microfabrication of Three-Dimensional Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Application." In IFMBE Proceedings, 140–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03900-3_41.

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LaFratta, Christopher N., and Linjie Li. "Making two-photon polymerization faster." In Three-Dimensional Microfabrication Using Two-Photon Polymerization, 385–408. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-817827-0.00009-6.

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Fourkas, John T. "Fundamentals of two-photon fabrication." In Three-Dimensional Microfabrication Using Two-Photon Polymerization, 57–76. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-817827-0.00051-5.

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Fourkas, John T. "Fundamentals of Two-Photon Fabrication." In Three-Dimensional Microfabrication Using Two-photon Polymerization, 45–61. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-35321-2.00003-0.

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LaFratta, Christopher N., and Linjie Li. "Making Two-Photon Polymerization Faster." In Three-Dimensional Microfabrication Using Two-photon Polymerization, 221–41. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-35321-2.00011-x.

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Conference papers on the topic "Two photo microfabrication"

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Zhou, Ming, Li-Peng Liu, Qi-Xun Dai, and Chuan-Peng Pan. "Microfabrication technology by femtosecond laser direct scanning using two-photon photo-polymerization." In Photonics Asia 2004, edited by Yangyuan Wang, Jun-en Yao, and Christopher J. Progler. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.574589.

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Wei, Peng, Yu Zhu, and Guanghong Duan. "Research of the new optical diffractive super-resolution element of the two-photon microfabrication." In Sixth International Symposium on Instrumentation and Control Technology: Signal Analysis, Measurement Theory, Photo-Electronic technology, and Artificial Intelligence, edited by Jiancheng Fang and Zhongyu Wang. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.717280.

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Perry, Joseph W., Vincent W. Chen, Wojciech Haske, Joel M. Hales, Wenting Dong, Jian Zhou, Yadong Zhang, Kelly J. Perry, Stephen Barlow, and Seth R. Marder. "Advances in Two-Photon 3D Microfabrication." In CLEO 2007. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleo.2007.4452829.

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DeVoe, Robert J., Harvey W. Kalweit, Catherine A. Leatherdale, and Todd R. Williams. "Voxel shapes in two-photon microfabrication." In International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology, edited by Kevin D. Belfield, Stephen J. Caracci, Francois Kajzar, Christopher M. Lawson, and Alan T. Yeates. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.459028.

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Belfield, Kevin, Xiaobin Ren, David J. Hagan, Eric W. Stryland, Vladislav Dubikovsky, and Edward J. Miesak. "Two-photon photoinitiated polymer processing and microfabrication." In Organic Thin Films. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/otf.1999.sub2.

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Cumpston, Brian H., Jeffrey E. Ehrlich, Stephen M. Kuebler, Matthew Lipson, Seth R. Marder, D. McCord-Maughon, Joseph W. Perry, Harold Roeckel, and Maria Cristina Rumi. "Three-dimensional microfabrication using two-photon polymerization." In Micromachining and Microfabrication, edited by Craig R. Friedrich and Yuli Vladimirsky. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.324052.

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Tanaka, T., and S. Kawata. "Three-dimensional microfabrication by two-photon initiated photopolymerization." In CLEO 2001. Technical Digest. Summaries of papers presented at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Postconference Technical Digest. IEEE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleo.2001.947510.

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Otuka, Adriano J., Daniel S. Côrrea, and Cleber R. Mendonça. "Two-photon Polymerization Microfabrication of Double Doped Structures." In Latin America Optics and Photonics Conference. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/laop.2010.we15.

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Gao, Guohua, Yu Zhu, Guanghong Duang, and Yingxing Fang. "High Precision Formation for Two-Photon 3D Microfabrication." In 2006 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/robio.2006.340178.

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Maruo, Shoji. "Three-dimensional microfabrication with two-photon absorbed photopolymerization." In 17th Congress of the International Commission for Optics: Optics for Science and New Technology. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2298963.

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