Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Two-Photon Polymerization (2PP) / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Two-Photon Polymerization (2PP).

Journal articles on the topic 'Two-Photon Polymerization (2PP)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Two-Photon Polymerization (2PP).'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Sänger, Johanna Christiane, Martin Schwentenwein, Raúl Bermejo, and Jens Günster. "Hybridizing Lithography-Based Ceramic Additive Manufacturing with Two-Photon-Polymerization." Applied Sciences 13, no. 6 (2023): 3974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13063974.

Full text

Abstract:

Stereolithography processes such as lithography-based ceramic manufacturing (LCM) are technologies that can produce centimeter-sized structures in a reasonable time frame. However, for some parts specifications, they lack resolution. Two-photon-polymerization (2PP) ensures the highest geometric accuracy in additive manufacturing so far. Nevertheless, building up parts in sizes as large as a few millimeters or even centimeters is a time-consuming process, which makes the production of 2PP printed parts very costly. Regarding feedstock specification, the requirements for 2PP are different to tho

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Marino, Attilio, Carlo Filippeschi, Virgilio Mattoli, Barbara Mazzolai, and Gianni Ciofani. "Biomimicry at the nanoscale: current research and perspectives of two-photon polymerization." Nanoscale 7, no. 7 (2015): 2841–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4nr06500j.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Journal, Baghdad Science. "Three-Dimensional Microfabrication With Conjugated Polymers." Baghdad Science Journal 5, no. 1 (2008): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.5.1.101-106.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper we reported the microfabrication of three-dimensional structures using two-photon polymerization (2PP) in a mixture of MEH-PPV and an acrylic resin. Femtosecond laser operating at 800nm was employed for the two-photon polymerization processes. As a first step in this project we obtained the better composition in order to fabricate microstructers of MEH-PPV in the resin via two-photon polymerzation. Acknowledgement:This research is support by Mazur Group, Harvrad Universirt.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Jamal, Raied K., C. R. Mendonca, P. Tayalia, and E. Mazur. "Three-Dimensional Microfabrication With Conjugated Polymers." Baghdad Science Journal 5, no. 1 (2008): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2008.5.1.101-106.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper we reported the microfabrication of three-dimensional structures using two-photon polymerization (2PP) in a mixture of MEH-PPV and an acrylic resin. Femtosecond laser operating at 800nm was employed for the two-photon polymerization processes. As a first step in this project we obtained the better composition in order to fabricate microstructers of MEH-PPV in the resin via two-photon polymerzation. Acknowledgement:This research is support by Mazur Group, Harvrad Universirt.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Couto, Filipe A., Marcelo B. Andrade, Adriano J. G. Otuka, Sebastião Pratavieira, Sergio R. Muniz, and Cleber R. Mendonça. "Integrating Fluorescent Nanodiamonds into Polymeric Microstructures Fabricated by Two-Photon Polymerization." Nanomaterials 13, no. 18 (2023): 2571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13182571.

Full text

Abstract:

Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) and other color centers in diamond have attracted much attention as non-photobleaching quantum emitters and quantum sensors. Since microfabrication in bulk diamonds is technically difficult, embedding nanodiamonds with color centers into designed structures is a way to integrate these quantum emitters into photonic devices. In this study, we demonstrate a method to incorporate fluorescent nanodiamonds into engineered microstructures using two-photon polymerization (2PP). We studied the optimal concentration of nanodiamonds in the photoresist to achieve structures with at

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Leong, Stephen, Aykut Aksit, Sharon J. Feng, Jeffrey W. Kysar, and Anil K. Lalwani. "Inner Ear Diagnostics and Drug Delivery via Microneedles." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 18 (2022): 5474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11185474.

Full text

Abstract:

Objectives: Precision medicine for inner ear disorders has seen significant advances in recent years. However, unreliable access to the inner ear has impeded diagnostics and therapeutic delivery. The purpose of this review is to describe the development, production, and utility of novel microneedles for intracochlear access. Methods: We summarize the current work on microneedles developed using two-photon polymerization (2PP) lithography for perforation of the round window membrane (RWM). We contextualize our findings with the existing literature in intracochlear diagnostics and delivery. Resu

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Bardakova, Kseniia N., Yaroslav V. Faletrov, Evgenii O. Epifanov, et al. "A Hydrophobic Derivative of Ciprofloxacin as a New Photoinitiator of Two-Photon Polymerization: Synthesis and Usage for the Formation of Biocompatible Polylactide-Based 3D Scaffolds." Polymers 13, no. 19 (2021): 3385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13193385.

Full text

Abstract:

A hydrophobic derivative of ciprofloxacin, hexanoylated ciprofloxacin (CPF-hex), has been used as a photoinitiator (PI) for two-photon polymerization (2PP) for the first time. We present, here, the synthesis of CPF-hex and its application for 2PP of methacrylate-terminated star-shaped poly (D,L-lactide), as well a systematic study on the optical, physicochemical and mechanical properties of the photocurable resin and prepared three-dimensional scaffolds. CPF-hex exhibited good solubility in the photocurable resin, high absorption at the two-photon wavelength and a low fluorescence quantum yiel

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Oellers, Martin, Frank Bunge, Frieder Lucklum, Sander van den Driesche, and Michael J. Vellekoop. "Novel Design of Additively Manufactured Micromixer in a Microchannel Comprising Mounting and Sealing Elements." Proceedings 2, no. 13 (2018): 1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131000.

Full text

Abstract:

An additively manufactured three-dimensional mixing element (3DME) integrated in a microchannel is presented. The 3DME increases the interfacial contact-surface by swapping the positions of the incoming streaming liquids. The novel design incorporates important design alterations to a prior prototype. These alterations significantly improve the integration of microelements written by two-photon polymerization (2pp) into photolithographically defined microchannels. Anchor-structures for increased strength as well as a roof to compensate for height-discrepancies between the lithographically defi

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

El Aadad, Halima, Hicham El Hamzaoui, Yves Quiquempois, and Marc Douay. "Additive Manufacturing of Binary and Ternary Oxide Systems Using Two-Photon Polymerization and Low-Temperature Sintering." Nanomaterials 14, no. 23 (2024): 1977. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14231977.

Full text

Abstract:

Multicomponent oxide systems have many applications in different fields such as optics and medicine. In this work, we developed new hybrid photoresists based on a combination of an organic acrylate resin and an inorganic sol, suitable for 3D printing via two-photon polymerization (2PP). The inorganic sol contained precursors of a binary SiO2-CaO or a ternary SiO2-CaO-P2O5 system. Complex microstructures were 3D printed using these hybrid photoresists and 2PP. The obtained materials were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and sc

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Czich, Steffen, Thomas Wloka, Holger Rothe, et al. "Two-Photon Polymerized Poly(2-Ethyl-2-Oxazoline) Hydrogel 3D Microstructures with Tunable Mechanical Properties for Tissue Engineering." Molecules 25, no. 21 (2020): 5066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25215066.

Full text

Abstract:

The main task of tissue engineering (TE) is to reproduce, replicate, and mimic all kinds of tissues in the human body. Nowadays, it has been proven useful in TE to mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) by an artificial ECM (scaffold) based on synthetic or natural biomaterials to regenerate the physiological tissue/organ architecture and function. Hydrogels have gained interest in the TE community because of their ability to absorb water similar to physiological tissues, thus mechanically simulating the ECM. In this work, we present a novel hydrogel platform based on poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazo

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Florea, Larisa, Eva Blasco, and Virgilio Mattoli. "New Frontiers in Materials and Technologies for 3D Two Photon Polymerization." Advanced Functional Materials 33 (September 26, 2023): 2305697. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15087629.

Full text

Abstract:

Two-photon polymerization (2PP), also known as two photon lithograpy (2PL) or direct laser writing (DLW) is a microfabrication technique established in the last decade, which combines the advantages of 3D-printing with sub-micron resolution.[1] Micromachinery, photonics, surface design, microrobotics, and biomedical sciences are just some of the fields mostly impacted by the technology (see Figure 1). Recent developments in both materials[2,3] and methods[4] have shown the potential to realize structures with unprecedented complexity, innovative functionality, and dynamic functions. Great effo

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Zhao, Wenzheng, and Lufan Huang. "3D printed micro-optical structures: Design and optimization of microlens arrays and gratings for high-precision sensing and display systems." Advances in Engineering Innovation 14, no. 1 (2024): 7–11. https://doi.org/10.54254/2977-3903/2024.18126.

Full text

Abstract:

The use of 3D printing in micro-optics manufacturing presents new possibilities for precision, flexibility and customisation in manufacturing advanced optical devices. It describes the design and optimisation of 3D-printed MLAs and gratings for high-resolution sensing and display devices. Comparing stereolithography (SLA) and two-photon polymerization (2PP) as primary fabrication methods we find the strengths and weaknesses of each, with 2PP being sub-micron resolution and best suited for complex micro-optical design. A hybrid approach combining SLA for coarse structures and 2PP for finer stru

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Panusa, Giulia, Ye Pu, Jieping Wang, Christophe Moser, and Demetri Psaltis. "Fabrication of Sub-Micron Polymer Waveguides through Two-Photon Polymerization in Polydimethylsiloxane." Polymers 12, no. 11 (2020): 2485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112485.

Full text

Abstract:

Flexible ultra-compact low-loss optical waveguides play a vital role in the development of soft photonics. The search for suitable materials and innovative fabrication techniques to achieve low loss long polymer optical waveguides and interconnects has proven to be challenging. In this paper, we demonstrate the fabrication of submicron optical waveguides in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using divinylbenzene (DVB) as the photopolymerizable monomer through two-photon polymerization (2PP). We show that the commercial oxime ester photoinitiator Irgacure OXE02 is suitable for triggering the DVB photo

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Srinivasaraghavan Govindarajan, Rishikesh, Stanislav Sikulskyi, Zefu Ren, Taylor Stark, and Daewon Kim. "Characterization of Photocurable IP-PDMS for Soft Micro Systems Fabricated by Two-Photon Polymerization 3D Printing." Polymers 15, no. 22 (2023): 4377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15224377.

Full text

Abstract:

Recent developments in micro-scale additive manufacturing (AM) have opened new possibilities in state-of-the-art areas, including microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) with intrinsically soft and compliant components. While fabrication with soft materials further complicates micro-scale AM, a soft photocurable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) resin, IP-PDMS, has recently entered the market of two-photon polymerization (2PP) AM. To facilitate the development of microdevices with soft components through the application of 2PP technique and IP-PDMS material, this research paper presents a comprehensiv

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Obata, Kotaro, Ayman El-Tamer, Lothar Koch, Ulf Hinze, and Boris N. Chichkov. "High-aspect 3D two-photon polymerization structuring with widened objective working range (WOW-2PP)." Light: Science & Applications 2, no. 12 (2013): e116-e116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/lsa.2013.72.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Jorge, Gabriel H. A., Filipe A. Couto, Juliana M. P. Almeida, Victor A. S. Marques, Marcelo B. Andrade, and Cleber R. Mendonça. "Active Optical Tuning of Azopolymeric Whispering Gallery Mode Microresonators for Filter Applications." Photonics 11, no. 2 (2024): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics11020167.

Full text

Abstract:

Light confinement provided by whispering gallery mode (WGM) microresonators is especially useful for integrated photonic circuits. In particular, the tunability of such devices has gained increased attention for active filtering and lasering applications. Traditional lithographic approaches for fabricating such devices, especially Si-based ones, often restrict the device’s tuning due to the material’s inherent properties. Two-photon polymerization (2PP) has emerged as an alternative fabrication technique of sub-diffraction resolution 3D structures, in which compounds can be incorporated to fur

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Isaakidou, Aikaterini, Iulian Apachitei, Lidy Elena Fratila-Apachitei, and Amir Abbas Zadpoor. "High-Precision 3D Printing of Microporous Cochlear Implants for Personalized Local Drug Delivery." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 14, no. 10 (2023): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb14100494.

Full text

Abstract:

Hearing loss is a highly prevalent multifactorial disorder affecting 20% of the global population. Current treatments using the systemic administration of drugs are therapeutically ineffective due to the anatomy of the cochlea and the existing blood–labyrinth barrier. Local drug delivery systems can ensure therapeutic drug concentrations locally while preventing adverse effects caused by high dosages of systemically administered drugs. Here, we aimed to design, fabricate, and characterize a local drug delivery system for the human cochlea. The design was relevant to the size of the human ear,

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Prosposito, Paolo, Sonia Melino, Matteo Ciocci, et al. "Photolithography of 3D Scaffolds for Artificial Tissue." Materials Science Forum 879 (November 2016): 1519–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.1519.

Full text

Abstract:

The present study is focused on the design and fabrication of novel functional 3D-hydrogel scaffolds for regenerative medicine. In order to critically analyzing the effect of the microarchitecture of 3D scaffolds for driving the cellular fate and diffusion of progenitor stem cells we have fabricate a number of scaffolds with different geometry, stiffness and composition. The physical characteristics of the scaffold determine indeed, as well the biochemical factors, the fate of the cells. We use an innovative composite material consisting of hydrogel with different molecular weight and with sui

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Zabidi, Adi Z., Shuguang Li, Reda M. Felfel, et al. "Computational mechanical characterization of geometrically transformed Schwarz P lattice tissue scaffolds fabricated via two photon polymerization (2PP)." Additive Manufacturing 25 (January 2019): 399–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2018.11.021.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Hauptmann, Nicole, Johanna Ludolph, Holger Rothe та ін. "Poly-Alanine-ε-Caprolacton-Methacrylate as Scaffold Material with Tuneable Biomechanical Properties for Osteochondral Implants". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, № 6 (2022): 3115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23063115.

Full text

Abstract:

An aging population and injury-related damage of the bone substance lead to an increasing need of innovative materials for the regeneration of osteochondral defects. Biodegradable polymers form the basis for suitable artificial implants intended for bone replacement or bone augmentation. The great advantage of these structures is the site-specific implant design, which leads to a considerable improvement in patient outcomes and significantly reduced post-operative regeneration times. Thus, biomechanical and biochemical parameters as well as the rate of degradation can be set by the selection o

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Chen, Zhengwei, Baoxuan Tao, and Steven T. Wereley. "Enhancing Accuracy In 3D Defocusing Particle Tracking Using 3D-Printed Ramp." Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Application of Laser and Imaging Techniques to Fluid Mechanics 21 (July 8, 2024): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.55037/lxlaser.21st.211.

Full text

Abstract:

Three-dimensional defocusing particle tracking velocimetry (3D DPTV) is an emerging tool for investigating fluid motion within microfluidic devices, where observation is typically limited to a single direction. This technique enables the reconstruction of 3D flow fields by analyzing the defocused particle images. The accuracy of 3D DPTV significantly relies on the collection of a proper calibration image stack containing particle images with precisely known defocus distances. One major challenge is to insert a microscale calibration target inside the microfluidic devices due to the small lengt

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Hoskins, Julia K., Patrick M. Pysz, Julie A. Stenken, and Min Zou. "Multiscale 2PP and LCD 3D Printing for High-Resolution Membrane-Integrated Microfluidic Chips." Nanomanufacturing 5, no. 3 (2025): 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/nanomanufacturing5030011.

Full text

Abstract:

This study presents a microfluidic chip platform designed using a multiscale 3D printing strategy for fabricating microfluidic chips with integrated, high-resolution, and customizable membrane structures. By combining two-photon polymerization (2PP) for submicron membrane fabrication with liquid crystal display printing for rapid production of larger components, this approach addresses key challenges in membrane integration, including sealing reliability and the use of transparent materials. Compared to fully 2PP-based fabrication, the multiscale method achieved a 56-fold reduction in producti

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Vakili, Mohammad, Johan Bielecki, Juraj Knoška, et al. "3D printed devices and infrastructure for liquid sample delivery at the European XFEL." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 29, no. 2 (2022): 331–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577521013370.

Full text

Abstract:

The Sample Environment and Characterization (SEC) group of the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (EuXFEL) develops sample delivery systems for the various scientific instruments, including systems for the injection of liquid samples that enable serial femtosecond X-ray crystallography (SFX) and single-particle imaging (SPI) experiments, among others. For rapid prototyping of various device types and materials, sub-micrometre precision 3D printers are used to address the specific experimental conditions of SFX and SPI by providing a large number of devices with reliable performance. This work

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Kim, Minsu, Eun Song Oh, and Moon Kyu Kwak. "Shrinkage-Considered Mold Design for Improvement of Micro/Nano-Structured Optical Element Performance." Micromachines 11, no. 10 (2020): 941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11100941.

Full text

Abstract:

Polymer shrinkage in nano-imprint lithography (NIL) is one of the critical issues that must be considered in order to produce a quality product. Especially, this condition should be considered during the manufacture of optical elements, because micro/nano-structured optical elements should be controlled to fit the desired shape in order to achieve the intended optical performance. In this paper, during NIL, we characterized the shrinkage of polymeric resin on micro lens array (MLA), which is one of the representative micro/nano-structured optical elements. The curvature shape and optical perfo

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Zhou, Pengwei, Yangfan Lv, Jiamin Zhou, and Yuqi Zheng. "Research on Image Mapping Spectrometer Based on Ultra-Thin Glass Layered Mapping." Sensors 24, no. 6 (2024): 1763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24061763.

Full text

Abstract:

The imaging quality of the Mapping Imaging Spectrometer (IMS) is crucial for spectral identification and detection performance. In IMS, the image mapper significantly influences the imaging quality. Traditional image mappers utilize a single-point diamond machining process. This process leads to inevitable edge eating phenomena that further results in noticeable deficiencies in imaging, impacting spectral detection performance. Therefore, we propose a manufacturing process for the image mapper based on ultra-thin layered glass. This process involves precision polishing of ultra-thin glass with

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Houbertz, R., P. Declerck, S. Passinger, A. Ovsianikov, J. Serbin, and B. N. Chichkov. "Investigations on the generation of photonic crystals using two-photon polymerization (2PP) of inorganic-organic hybrid polymers with ultra-short laser pulses." physica status solidi (a) 204, no. 11 (2007): 3662–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.200776416.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Demelius, Lisanne, Li Zhang, Anna Maria Coclite, and Mark D. Losego. "ZnO vapor phase infiltration into photo-patternable polyacrylate networks for the microfabrication of hybrid organic–inorganic structures." Materials Advanced 5 (September 18, 2024): 8464–74. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15087822.

Full text

Abstract:

Photopatterning of polymers enables the microfabrication of numerous microelectronic, micromechanical,and microchemical systems. The incorporation of inorganics into a patterned polymer material can generate many new interesting properties such as enhanced stability, optical performance, or electrical properties. Vapor phase infiltration (VPI) allows for the creation of hybrid organic–inorganic materials by infiltrating polymers with gaseous metalorganic precursors. This study seeks to explore the potential of integrating VPI with existing photopatterning techniques to achieve top-down h

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Barin, N., H. E. Balcioglu, A. Accardo, and P. French. "P26.08.B LASER-ASSISTED FABRICATION OF AN IN VITRO 3D-ENGINEERED BLOOD-BRAIN/TUMOR BARRIER MODEL." Neuro-Oncology 26, Supplement_5 (2024): v134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noae144.456.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract BACKGROUND Efficient drug delivery to brain tumors is greatly hindered by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Although different in vitro BBB models have been developed, they do not capture the capillary dimensions, incorporate multiple cell types, feature biomimetic flows, and/or provide sufficient 3D cell-to-cell contact. We aimed to develop a model for the blood-brain/tumor barrier (BBTB) that incorporates these characteristics simultaneously. MATERIALS AND METHODS 3D micro-porous capillary-like structures (µPCs) that mimic the brain capillary dimensions were fabricated using two-photon

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Miller, Philip R., Matthew Moorman, Ryan D. Boehm, et al. "Fabrication of Hollow Metal Microneedle Arrays Using a Molding and Electroplating Method." MRS Advances 4, no. 24 (2019): 1417–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2019.147.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT:The need for hollow microneedle arrays is important for both drug delivery and wearable sensor applications; however, their fabrication poses many challenges. Hollow metal microneedle arrays residing on a flexible metal foil substrate were created by combining additive manufacturing, micromolding, and electroplating approaches in a process we refer to as electromolding. A solid microneedle with inward facing ledge was fabricated with a two photon polymerization (2PP) system utilizing laser direct write (LDW) and then molded with polydimethylsiloxane. These molds were then coated with

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Kopinski-Grünwald, O., O. Guillaume, A. Arslan, S. Van Vlierberghe, and A. Ovsianikov. "HIGH-RESOLUTION 3D-PRINTED MICROSCAFFOLDS FOR BOTTOM-UP CARTILAGE TISSUE ENGINEERING." Orthopaedic Proceedings 105-B, SUPP_8 (2023): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/1358-992x.2023.8.148.

Full text

Abstract:

In the field of tissue engineering (TE), mainly two approaches have been widely studied and utilised throughout the last two decades. Ovsianikov et al. proposed a third strategy for tissue engineering to combine the advantages of the scaffold-based and scaffold-free approach [1].We utilise the third strategy for TE by fabrication of cell spheroids that are reinforced by microscaffolds, called tissue units (TUs). Aim of the presented study is to differentiate TUs towards a chondrogenic phenotype to show the self-assembly of a millimetre sized cartilage-like tissue in a bottom-up TE approach in

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Ennis, Alexa, Deanna Nicdao, Srikanth Kolagatla, et al. "Two-Photon Polymerization of Sugar Responsive 4D Microstructures." March 9, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202213947.

Full text

Abstract:

Stimuli-responsive hydrogels have attracted much attention owing to the versatility of their programmed response in offering intelligent solutions for biomimicry applications, such as soft robotics, tissue engineering, and drug delivery. To achieve the complexity of biomimetic structures, two photon polymerization (2PP) has provided a means of fabricating intricate 3D structures from stimuli-responsive hydrogels. Rapid swelling hydrogel microstructures are advantageous for osmotically driven stimuli-response, where actuation speed, that is reliant on the diffusion of analytes or bioanalytes, c

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Christ, Fabian, Gabriel Schaumann, Nils Schott, Johanna Vetter, Andreas Blaeser, and Markus Roth. "Two-photon polymerization for inertial fusion energy target fabrication." Applied Physics A 131, no. 7 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-025-08657-x.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This study focuses on optimizing the fabrication of foam targets for laser-driven inertial fusion energy using two-photon polymerization (2PP). 2PP offers nanoscale precision, enabling the fabrication of foams with precise control over structure, strut thickness, and pore size distribution. Due to its repeatable and deterministic fabrication, 2PP is a promising technique for studying crucial target parameters on the path towards a fusion power plant. However, 2PP faces challenges such as stitching errors in large prints, data limitations, and extended printing times, which limit it to

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Halendy, Monika, Sławomir Ertman, Quandong Huang, Xinyong Dong, Perry Ping Shum, and Tomasz R. Woliński. "Dual‐Refractive‐Index Photonic Crystal Waveguides Fabricated by Combining Two‐Photon Polymerization 3D Nanoprinting with Dose‐Modified One‐Photon Polymerization." Advanced Optical Materials, May 15, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202500500.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractA difference in refractive indices between polymers produced by two‐photon polymerization (2PP) and one‐photon polymerization (1PP) opens up a possibility for fabricating multi‐refractive‐index nanostructures. It significantly expands the design capabilities of 3D nanoprinting technologies based on 2PP‐enabled direct laser writing (DLW). One key application is waveguide design, where the refractive index contrast between the core and the cladding materials determines light propagation properties. This study demonstrates the combination of 2PP and 1PP to fabricate photonic crystal fiber

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Kumpfmueller, Josef, Klaus Stadlmann, Zhiquan Li, Valentin Satzinger, Juergen Stampfl, and Robert Liska. "Flexible Optical Interconnects via Thiol-ene Two-photon-induced Polymerization." MRS Proceedings 1438 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2012.1408.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTTwo-photon polymerization (2PP) is an emerging tool in the field of additive manufacturing technologies, which allows for the elegant 3D lithographic production by means of photosensitive resins. One key advantage of 2PP is the achievable feature resolution. A few tens of nanometers are currently the resolution limit for this novel technique. Fields of applications are as diverse as photonics, microfluidics and biomedicine.A challenging photonics application for 2PP are optical interconnects, where optical elements on printed circuit boards are connected with waveguides. The possibilit

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Infuehr, Robert, Jurgen Stampfl, Stefan Krivec, et al. "3D-structuring of Optical Waveguides with Two Photon Polymerization." MRS Proceedings 1179 (2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-1179-bb01-07.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractTwo photon photopolymerization (2PP) is a new and modern method in solid freeform fabrication. 2PP allows the fabrication of sub-micron structures from a photopolymerizable resin. By the use of near-infrared (NIR) lasers it is possible to produce 3D structures with a spatial feature resolution as good as 200 nm. This technique can be used in polymer-based photonic and micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), for 3D optical data storage or for the inscription of optical waveguides based on a local refractive index change upon laser exposure. Since the 2PP only takes place inside the focu

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Alubaidy, M., K. Venkatakrishnan, B. Tan, and Abdulsalam Mahmood. "Nanofiber Plasmon Enhancement of Two-Photon Polymerization Induced by Femtosecond Laser." Journal of Nanotechnology in Engineering and Medicine 1, no. 4 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4002747.

Full text

Abstract:

The nanofiber plasmon effect on the two-photon polymerization (2PP) induced by a femtosecond laser is reported for the first time in this paper. The nanofibers were generated using a femtosecond laser, which was also used to construct microfeatures through two-photon polymerization of a nanofiber dispersed polymer resin. Nanofiber plasmon resonant effect greatly enhances local field intensities, resulting in increased particle scattering cross sections. This leads to a drastic enhancement of two-photon-like absorption processes, allowing much lower incident radiation intensities to be used. Th

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Koch, Thomas, Wenxin Zhang, Thomas T. Tran, et al. "Approaching Standardization: Mechanical Material Testing of Macroscopic two‐photon Polymerized Specimens." Advanced Materials, February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.202308497.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractTwo‐photon polymerization (2PP) is becoming increasingly established as additive manufacturing technology for micro‐fabrication due to its high‐resolution and the feasibility of generating complex parts. Until now, the high resolution of 2PP was also its bottleneck, as it limited throughput and therefore restricted the application to the production of micro‐parts. Thus, mechanical properties of 2PP materials could only be characterized using non‐standardized specialized micro‐testing methods. Due to recent advances in 2PP technology, it is now possible to produce parts in the size of s

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Ertugrul, Ishak, and Tayyab Waqar. "Fabrication of Bidirectional Electrothermal Microactuator by Two-Photon Polymerization." Current Nanoscience 16 (December 17, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573413716666201217123735.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Alternative micro/nanofabrication methods are being investigated actively due to the cost, time consumption and complexities involving in conventional MEMS fabrication practices. Objective: The majority of fabrication techniques are based on several strictly followed steps, thus demanding more extended periods and attention. Methods: One of the fabrication techniques that emerged to address those issues mentioned above is called Two-Photon Polymerization (2PP). In this work, 2PP based 3D printing technique has been utilized to perform the fabrication of an electrothermal microactua

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Torgersen, Jan, Xiao-Hua Qin, Zhiquan Li, Aleksandr Ovsianikov, Robert Liska, and Jürgen Stampfl. "Hydrogels for Two-Photon Polymerization: A Toolbox for Mimicking the Extracellular Matrix." January 11, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201203880.

Full text

Abstract:

The natural extracellular matrix (ECM) represents a complex and dynamic environment. It provides numerous spatio-temporal signals mediating many cellular functions including morphogenesis, adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. The cell–ECM interaction is bidirectional. Cells dynamically receive and process information from the ECM and remodel it at the same time. Theses complex interactions are still not fully understood. For better understanding, it is indispensable to deconstruct the ECM up to the point of investigating isolated characteristics and cell responses to physical, ch

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Faraji Rad, Zahra, Philip D. Prewett, and Graham J. Davies. "High-resolution two-photon polymerization: the most versatile technique for the fabrication of microneedle arrays." Microsystems & Nanoengineering 7, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41378-021-00298-3.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractMicroneedle patches have received much interest in the last two decades as drug/vaccine delivery or fluid sampling systems for diagnostic and monitoring purposes. Microneedles are manufactured using a variety of additive and subtractive micromanufacturing techniques. In the last decade, much attention has been paid to using additive manufacturing techniques in both research and industry, such as 3D printing, fused deposition modeling, inkjet printing, and two-photon polymerization (2PP), with 2PP being the most flexible method for the fabrication of microneedle arrays. 2PP is one of th

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Qin, Xiao-Hua, Jan Torgersen, Robert Saf, et al. "Three-dimensional microfabrication of protein hydrogels via two-photon-excited thiol-vinyl ester photopolymerization." September 2, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1002/pola.26903.

Full text

Abstract:

Engineering three-dimensional (3D) hydrogels with well-defined architectures has become increasingly important for tissue engineering and basic research in biomaterials science. To fabricate 3D hydrogels with (sub)cellular-scale features, two-photon polymerization (2PP) shows great promise although the technique is limited by the selection of appropriate hydrogel precursors. In this study, we report the synthesis of gelatin hydrolysate vinyl esters (GH-VE) and its copolymerization with reduced derivatives of bovine serum albumin (acting as macrothiols). Photorheology of the thiol-ene copolymer

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Amruth, C., Anuj Kumar Singh, Anirudh Sharma, Daniel Corzo, and Derya Baran. "Micro‐3D Printed Conductive Polymer Composite via Two‐Photon Polymerization for Sensing Applications." Advanced Materials Technologies, June 5, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/admt.202400290.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractTwo‐photon Polymerization (2PP) process for high‐resolution 3D printing presents an opportunity to design micro‐scale structures with a high surface‐to‐volume ratio for highly responsive devices. However, these acrylate or thiol‐based resins are electrically insulating and non‐functional in nature, therefore limiting their widespread application in biosensing and biotechnology. Here, a novel conductive polymeric composite resin to print conductive 3D micro‐structures via the 2PP technique is developed and its application in sensing are demonstrated. The composite consists of acrylate‐b

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Qin, Xiao-Hua, Peter Gruber, Marica Markovic, et al. "Enzymatic synthesis of hyaluronic acid vinyl esters for two-photon microfabrication of biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogel constructs." August 1, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4PY00792A.

Full text

Abstract:

Two-photon polymerization (2PP) allows 3D microfabrication of biomaterial scaffolds with user-defined geometry. This technique is highly promising for 3D cell culture and tissue engineering. However, biological applications of 2PP require photopolymerizable hydrogels with high reactivity and low cytotoxicity. This paper describes a novel hydrogel system based on hyaluronic acid vinyl esters (HA-VE), which enabled fast 2PP-fabrication of 3D hydrogel constructs with μm-scale accuracy. A series of HA-VE macromers with tunable degrees of substitution were synthesized by lipase-catalyzed transes

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Tian, Yinan, Hyukjoon Kwon, Yung C. Shin, and Galen B. King. "Fabrication and Characterization of Photonic Crystals in Photopolymer SZ2080 by Two-Photon Polymerization Using a Femtosecond Laser." Journal of Micro and Nano-Manufacturing 2, no. 3 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4027737.

Full text

Abstract:

Two-photon polymerization (2PP) is a powerful technique in fabricating three-dimensional subdiffraction-limited structures. In this paper, 2PP was applied to generate woodpile structures, one kind of photonic crystal, using SZ2080, which is widely used in 2PP due to its negligible shrinkage. First, the relationship between scanning speed, laser power, and resolution was determined through fabricating free-hanging lines by theoretical and experimental study. Based on this relationship, woodpile structures with different period distances were fabricated with high uniformity as shown by scanning

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Chichkov, B. N., J. Koch, A. Ovsianikov, S. Passinger, C. Reinhardt, and J. Serbin. "Direct-Write Micro- and Nanostructuring with Femtosecond Lasers." MRS Proceedings 850 (2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-850-mm2.5.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractOur recent progress in the direct-write femtosecond laser material processing technologies, nanostructuring, and fabrication of photonic devices is reviewed. Special attention is given to the sub-wavelength microstructuring of metals and two-photon polymerization (2PP) technique. Formation of microbumps and nanojets on thin metal films under single pulse laser irradiation is discussed. Microstructuring of different photosensitive materials by 2PP technique is demonstrated. Numerous applications of this technology for the fabrication of 3d structures, waveguides, photonic crystals, etc.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Uppal, Nitin, and Panos S. Shiakolas. "Process Sensitivity Analysis and Resolution Prediction for the Two Photon Polymerization of Micro/Nano Structures." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 131, no. 5 (2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4000097.

Full text

Abstract:

Two photon polymerization (2PP) is a rapid prototyping technique for the fabrication of micro/nano structures from photosensitive polymers. The polymerization process and its resolution depend on the combination of various chemical and physical process parameters. In this research, statistical techniques are employed to evaluate the sensitivity of the 2PP process on the applied laser power, scanning speed, and concentration of photoinitiator. The experiments were performed using the ethoxylated (6) trimethylolpropane triacrylate (SR499-Sartomer) monomer and acyl phosphine oxide (Lucirin TPO-L-

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Colombo, Federico, Mohammadreza Taale, Fereydoon Taheri, et al. "Two‐Photon Laser Printing to Mechanically Stimulate Multicellular Systems in 3D." Advanced Functional Materials, March 4, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202303601.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractBiological activities take place in 3D environments, where cells interact in various directions in a defined, often microstructured, space. A sub‐millimeter‐sized stretching device is developed to mechanically stimulate a structurally restricted, soft multicellular microenvironment to investigate the effect of defined cyclic mechanical forces on a multicellular system. It consists of a multi‐material 3D microstructure made of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and gelatine‐based hydrogel, which is printed using the 2‐photon polymerization (2PP) method. The printed structures are first charact

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

de Winter, Jikke, Tomás Manzaneque, and Murali Krishna Ghatkesar. "Damping of 3D-printed polymer microbeam resonators." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, November 2, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6439/ad08ef.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The emerging high-resolution 3D printing technique called two-photon polymerization (2PP) enables to print devices bottom-up rapidly, contrary to the top-down lithography-based fabrication methods. In this work, various polymer microbeams are 3D printed and their resonant characteristics are analyzed to understand the origin of damping. The 2PP printed polymer resonators have shown less damping than other polymer devices reported earlier, with tensile-stressed clamped-clamped beams reaching a record quality factor of 1819. The resonant energy loss was dominant by bulk friction damping

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Jiménez-Díaz, Edgar, Cindy Peto-Gutiérrez, Mathieu Hautefeuille, and Tatiana Fiordelisio. "Two-Photon Polymerization-Based Fabrication of High Aspect Ratio Pillars for Quantifying Pituitary Pericytes Contractility." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, July 2, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6439/adeab9.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Two-photon polymerization (2PP) enables the fabrication of complex three dimensional microstructures with submicron precision, making it a powerful tool for mechanobiology studies. In this work we present a highly reproducible 2PP- based method to fabricate high aspect ratio micropillars, achieving aspect ratios up to 1:20 while maintaining structural stability. These micropillars were employed to quantify the contractile forces exerted by pituitary pericytes in response to ATP stimulation, providing novel insights into their mechanobiology. Using a custom-designed perfusion chamber a

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Li, Tongqing, Gary Chi-Pong Tsui, Chi-Ho Wong, Chak-Yin Tang, Kai Tang, and Youhua Tan. "Stimulus-responsive gradient hydrogel micro-actuators fabricated by two-photon polymerization-based 4D printing." Nanotechnology Reviews 14, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2025-0145.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The growing field of 4D printing has spurred extensive exploration into applications of stimulus-responsive materials, such as hydrogels for micro-actuators. However, the hydrogel-based micro-actuators fabricated by one-step, single-material printing are typically bilayer, and their actuation capabilities are limited. This study proposes a novel gradient printing strategy via two-photon polymerization (2PP) based 4D printing to enhance the actuation performance of stimulus-responsive hydrogel micro-actuators. The feasibility of this approach was demonstrated by investigating the shrin

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!