Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Two sea outfalls

Contents

Journal articles
Dissertations / Theses
Book chapters
Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Two sea outfalls'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 6 July 2025

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Two sea outfalls.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Two sea outfalls"

1

McGlashan, J. E., and D. C. Macleod. "The Effect of Sewage Sludge Disposal to Sea through Pipelines Previously Discharging only Settled Effluent." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 11 (1986): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0145.

Full text

Abstract:

The City of Durban has two submarine outfall sewers designed for the disposal of approximately 365 000 m3/d of domestic and industrial effluents. Until recently these outfall sewers were only permitted to discharge settled effluents, the resultant sludge having to be treated and disposed of on land in the one instance and incinerated in the other. As the result of a two year programme of research the city has been permitted to discharge settled effluent from both outfalls to which the underflow from the sedimentation basins has been reintroduced. Retention of the sedimentation basins has permitted effective removal of floatable material. The pipelines were operated during the research period by discharging only settled effluent from the one whilst from the other the discharge consisted of the settled effluent stream to which the sludge had been reintroduced. Halfway through the programme the roles of the two pipelines were reversed. This paper briefly reviews marine disposal in South Africa, the Durban submarine outfalls, the events which preceded the research project, the design of the research programme and the results of the study in terms of bacteriological, biological and chemical monitoring, current measurements in the immediate vicinity of the pipelines and dilution calculations with the aid of more rigorous mathematical treatment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Ali, K. H. M., R. Burrows, and A. E. Wose. "Sedimentation in long sea outfalls." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 2 (1995): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0086.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper presents results of analytical and experimental investigations of sediment motion and bed morphology in circular outfalls. Behaviour of prototype and model sediments were studied in detail. A two-dimensional finite difference approach has been shown to provide qualitative representation of the experimental observations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Sayinli, Teoman, and Selahattin Yigit. "The Üsküdar and Baltalimani sea outfalls of the Istanbul sewerage project: A construction case history." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 2 (1995): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0106.

Full text

Abstract:

The Baltalimani (BL) and Üsküdar (Ü) Sea Outfalls are situated on two coasts of the Bosphorus and are 2×300 m and 270 m long with nominal diameter ⌈ 1727 mm and ø 1219 mm, respectively. These outfalls were constructed by the Alarko Company for ISKI in the years 1988-1993 to discharge the pretreated or treated waste waters to the bottom current of the Bosphorus. The submarine pipelines have been installed by a) bottom pulling in the dredged trench, b) short launch-way (L/W) very close to the shore, c) pulling from the same coast via an anchored pulley in Ü, and d) pulling from the other coast of the Bosphorus in BL. Preparation of the pipes, comprising of corrosion coating, cathodic protection, assembly and concrete weight coating, was performed at the Kadìköy Site. Following dredging of the offshore trenches, bedding material was laid. Meanwhile the L/Ws were fabricated and erected. Installations of the pipelines were executed by placing the pipe sections on the L/Ws, making the field joints and pulling towards the sea into the trench. After testing, the submarine pipelines were covered; first with a layer of gravel then with a layer of armour stone and connected to the landline. Ü outfall was put into operation satisfactorily immediately upon completion.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Rodriguez, A., A. Sánchez-Arcilla, J. M. Redondo, E. Bahia, and J. P. Sierra. "Pollutant dispersion in the nearshore region: modelling and measurements." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 9-10 (1995): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0682.

Full text

Abstract:

Some results on pollutant dispersion modelling and tracer measurements for the Mediterranean Spanish coast are presented. Two hydrodynamic models have been used to simulate wind and wave induced circulation in the nearshore and surf zones respectively. A “near field” model has been used in order to simulate the initial conditions for the local “far field” dispersion model. Two study cases are presented: The first one shows the mixing of conservative tracers in a Mediterranean surf zone from an experimental and numerical models used to predict bacterial dispersion from the main sea outfalls of Barcelona City. The comparison between dye dispersion experiments and model in the surf zone is good, while the outfall predictions show the importance of accurately modelling the effects of buoyancy on the plume.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Pecly, J. O. G., and J. S. F. Roldão. "Dye tracers as a tool for outfall studies: dilution measurement approach." Water Science and Technology 67, no. 7 (2013): 1564–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.027.

Full text

Abstract:

Dye tracer technique is well established and of wide application for assessment of outfalls and for delineation of near field and far field extensions. Common goals of a tracer study include the measurement of the dilution factor, estimation of the dispersion coefficients, measurement of the effluent discharge and calibration of a contaminant transport model. This paper presents a brief review of the methods involving the use of dye tracer for outfall assessment and illustrates the methods of slug release and continuous injection based on two real cases of campaigns carried out on Brazilian coastal waters. Slug injection on the surface of the water body was used for preliminary dispersion studies aiming at outfall positioning. During the operational phase of an outfall, the continuous injection of dye tracer was used to determine effluent dilution in different seasons. In coastal waters of Rio de Janeiro city, sea current pattern, tidal modulation and thermal stratification explained the main features of the dilution field.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Larsen, Torben. "Diffuser design for marine outfalls in areas with strong currents, high waves and sediment transport." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 2 (1995): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0113.

Full text

Abstract:

The design of marine outfalls is often based on environmental criteria for a minimum initial dilution. Accordingly advanced diffuser arrangement are designed to fulfil these requirements. A large number of examples of malfunction and blocking in sea outfalls have occurred around the world as a result of this uncompromising consent to environmental demands. Two examples of unconventional design are given in this paper. Both cases involved risk of blockage of the diffuser section because of wave and current induced sediment transport. The paper also discusses how acceptable far field dilution conditions can be achieved even if normally accepted initial criteria are not fulfilled.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Zhao, Hong Bo, Ting Xu, and Bing Yan. "Study on Cooling Water Temperature Simulation for Multiple Projects in Forked Bays." Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 3027–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.3027.

Full text

Abstract:

Cooling water from some plant raises the water temperature. It disrupts the water environment balance, and affects the cooling efficiency of the plant. Therefore, it is important to learn the water environment temperature and predict temperature rise design outfall for feasibility of project. In the project sea area, there are some outfalls existed, so it is possible that the water temperature will be higher than the design value of the project and influence water environment further. In this paper, based on site survey data, the feasibility study are carried out by mathematic model simulation. The result shows that the byland make the water of two parts in the bay exchange rarely. The water temperature of CTA intake is below design temperature, and the water temperature of cooling water of CTA mainly influences about 1 km area that no serious influence to other intakes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Moore, D. C., and I. M. Davies. "Monitoring the effects of the disposal at sea of Lothian Region sewage sludge." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 93, no. 3-4 (1987): 467–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000006886.

Full text

Abstract:

SynopsisUntil the late 1970s Edinburgh and the surrounding areas employed a series of relatively short sea outfalls to dispose of sewage to tidal waters. A centralised sewage treatment facility was provided in 1977, with disposal of liquid effluent by long sea outfall. The residual wet solids are dumped at two sites in the North Sea off the Firth of Forth. The sites, one near Bell Rock (56 25N 02 10W) and one ten miles north of St Abb's Head (56 04·5N 02 07·25W) are used on a rotational basis. The macrofauna at both sites shows a normal polychaete-dominated community exhibiting the normal low number/high diversity characteristics of many unimpacted communities in the North Sea. In general, seasonal differences in mean concentrations of lead, copper and zinc in sediments were small and within the limits of statistical variation. The concentrations of mercury and cadmium were mainly low and close to the detection limits of the analytical methods employed. The monitoring data from Bell Rock and St Abb's Head demonstrate that the dumping operation has had little effect on the benthic environment and that the macrobenthos showed no signs of stress due to the addition of sewage sludge.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Chen, Zhijie, Ziqing Wang, Zhi Zeng, and Junjian Tang. "Comparative Study on the Diffusion of Thermal Discharge from Coastal Power Plants in Different Geographical Environments." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 13, no. 2 (2025): 383. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13020383.

Full text

Abstract:

The diffusion characteristics of thermal discharge from coastal power plants were studied by analyzing the Ningde Nuclear Power Plant and Kemen Power Plant, which are located in different geographical regions in China. The former is in the open sea, and the latter is in a well-sheltered bay. In the vicinity of the outfall areas of the two power plants, large-area surface temperature observations and tidal current observations were conducted. The results indicate that the thermal discharge diffusion characteristics of coastal power plants located in different geographical environments are significantly different. In the well-sheltered sea area of the Kemen Power Plant, the water temperature diffuses faster along the coast, in line with the direction of tidal movement, and slower in the offshore direction under the influence of rectilinear tidal currents within the bay, resulting in a significantly greater longitudinal diffusion distance of thermal discharge along the shore than the transverse diffusion distance offshore. In the area surrounding the Ningde Nuclear Power Plant, rotational currents diffuse the thermal discharge in various directions, causing the range of temperature rise to expand toward the outer sea. Dominant tidal currents within the tidal cycle in the sea area can influence the distribution of high-temperature rise zones near outfalls. The distribution of high-temperature rise zones predominantly occurs on the side with the higher average tidal velocity, either the ebb tide side if its velocity is greater than that of the flood tide or the flood tide side otherwise.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Bach, H. K., D. Orhon, O. K. Jensen, and I. S. Hansen. "Environmental model studies for the Istanbul Master Plan. Part II: water quality and eutrophication." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 2 (1995): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0092.

Full text

Abstract:

A comprehensive environmental modelling study has been carried out to support the Istanbul Master Plan Study reviewing the waste water strategy for the period up to year 2030, at which time the sewerage system is expected to be extended to serve about 20 million people. Already today the local marine areas suffer from pollution effects caused by sewage discharge. The affected areas in particular are the Bosphorus Strait and the Bosphorus Strait-Sea of Marmara junction area, which are also the natural receiving waters for the sewage from the planned new development areas of Istanbul. The general conditions of the entire Sea of Marmara are also of concern. The object of the study was to determine the effects of the waste water effluent on the marine system and to evaluate alternative plans for sewage treatment and location of outfalls. An advanced 3-Dimensional model of the Black Sea-Bosphorus Strait-Marmara Sea junction area has been set-up and used for studying the immediate effects on oxygen conditions for a two week long design period. A 3-Dimensional model has been set up for the Sea of Marmara with the purpose of studying the effects of eutrophication over a one year period, which is necessary in order to describe the processes involved. These models are based on SYSTEM 3, a general modelling system for baroclinic flow, including modules describing water quality and biological/eutrophication processes. The various loading scenarios evaluated included variation in outfall location horizontally and vertically, e.g. in top layer versus halocline or bottom layer trapping and variation in treatment strategy, e.g. no treatment, biological and tertiary treatment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Two sea outfalls"

1

Shannon, Naomi Ruth. "Development and validation of a two-dimensional CFD model of the saline intrusion in a long sea outfall." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343162.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Book chapters on the topic "Two sea outfalls"

1

Bermúdez, Alfredo. "Some Case Studies in Environmental and Industrial Mathematics." In SEMA SIMAI Springer Series. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86236-7_2.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThis presentation deals with four case studies in environmental and industrial mathematics developed by the mathematical engineering research group (mat+i) from the University of Santiago de Compostela and the Technological Institute for Industrial Mathematics (ITMATI). The first case involves environmental fluid mechanics: optimizing the location of submarine outfalls on the coast. This work, related to shallow water equations with variable depth, led us to develop a theory for numerical treatment of source terms in nonlinear first order hyperbolic balance laws. More recently, these techniques have been applied to solve Euler equations with source terms arising from numerical simulation of gas transportation networks when topography via gravity force is considered in the model. The last two problems concerns electromagnetism. One of them is related to nondestructive testing of car parts by using magnetic nanoparticles (the so-called magnetic particle inspection, MPI): mathematical modelling of magnetic hysteresis to simulate demagnetization. Finally, we present a mathematical procedure to reduce the computing time needed to achieve the stationary state of an induction electric machine when using transient numerical simulation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

"Outfall discharge." In Environmental Hydraulics and Sustainable Water Management, Two Volume Set. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16814-72.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

"Improvement in preconditioning treatment system of Santos Submarine Outfall." In Environmental Hydraulics, Two Volume Set. CRC Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b10553-100.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

"Parameter sensitivity analysis of the performance of Galician Submarine Outfalls: Physical modeling." In Environmental Hydraulics, Two Volume Set. CRC Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b10553-99.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Niu, H., T. Husain, B. Veitch, and N. Bose. "Probabilistic modeling of produced water outfall." In Environmental Hydraulics and Sustainable Water Management, Two Volume Set. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16814-76.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Wei, Wu, Xia Ji-Hong, and Yan Zhong-Min. "2-D numerical simulation of saline intrusion in marine sewage outfalls." In Environmental Hydraulics and Sustainable Water Management, Two Volume Set. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16814-75.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Xibin, Huang. "The characteristics of flow and concentration fields near bank outfall." In Environmental Hydraulics and Sustainable Water Management, Two Volume Set. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16814-64.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

"Methodology for the implementation of the WFD combined approach: Environmental Mixing Zones for outfall discharges into coastal waters." In Environmental Hydraulics, Two Volume Set. CRC Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b10553-98.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Two sea outfalls"

1

Verros, Panagiotis, Saad Zayed Al-Marri, Alexios Kyriakopoulos, and Lefteris Alvanitopoulos. "Design Considerations of MPSO Marine Outfall and Diffuser Field." In The 2nd International Conference on Civil Infrastructure and Construction. Qatar University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/cic.2023.0172.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of the Musaimeer Pump Station and Outfall (MPSO) project is to receive storm water runoff and groundwater flows from the Abu Hamour Tunnel and to provide a pumping station, a marine outfall tunnel and a diffuser field to dispose of the flows into the sea. Musaimeer outfall tunnel is one of the longest storm water tunnels in the world with a total length of 10.2 km. The tunnel is connected via a drop shaft to the main pump station. This system will accommodate surface and storm water received from the drainage networks of 190 km2 of urban areas in southern Doha. The outfall tunnel comprised precast segmental lining with internal diameter of 3700 mm sloped at 0.05% upward to the riser shaft. The riser shaft, which is located at the end of the outfall tunnel, is connected to a diffuser field positioned on the Arabian Gulf seabed. This paper will focus on the design considerations and recommendations related Marine outfall riser shaft, distribution manifolds and diffuser field. to The MPSO marine outfall was designed in two phases, first comprising installation of riser shaft, primary and secondary manifolds, 3 lines of HDPE piping with variable internal diameter, 84 diffuser duckbill valves, 84 diffuser protection boxes and scour protection. The diffuser is laid in an area of 280mX40m 15m beneath the sea water level. Second phase of marine outfall design included the meticulous connection works between GRP riser shaft and 10.2km TBM tunnel 15m beneath the seabed. Design considerations and final conclusions of such marine design works will be presented.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!