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Journal articles on the topic 'Two sea outfalls'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

McGlashan, J. E., and D. C. Macleod. "The Effect of Sewage Sludge Disposal to Sea through Pipelines Previously Discharging only Settled Effluent." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 11 (1986): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0145.

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The City of Durban has two submarine outfall sewers designed for the disposal of approximately 365 000 m3/d of domestic and industrial effluents. Until recently these outfall sewers were only permitted to discharge settled effluents, the resultant sludge having to be treated and disposed of on land in the one instance and incinerated in the other. As the result of a two year programme of research the city has been permitted to discharge settled effluent from both outfalls to which the underflow from the sedimentation basins has been reintroduced. Retention of the sedimentation basins has permi

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2

Ali, K. H. M., R. Burrows, and A. E. Wose. "Sedimentation in long sea outfalls." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 2 (1995): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0086.

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This paper presents results of analytical and experimental investigations of sediment motion and bed morphology in circular outfalls. Behaviour of prototype and model sediments were studied in detail. A two-dimensional finite difference approach has been shown to provide qualitative representation of the experimental observations.

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3

Sayinli, Teoman, and Selahattin Yigit. "The Üsküdar and Baltalimani sea outfalls of the Istanbul sewerage project: A construction case history." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 2 (1995): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0106.

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The Baltalimani (BL) and Üsküdar (Ü) Sea Outfalls are situated on two coasts of the Bosphorus and are 2×300 m and 270 m long with nominal diameter ⌈ 1727 mm and ø 1219 mm, respectively. These outfalls were constructed by the Alarko Company for ISKI in the years 1988-1993 to discharge the pretreated or treated waste waters to the bottom current of the Bosphorus. The submarine pipelines have been installed by a) bottom pulling in the dredged trench, b) short launch-way (L/W) very close to the shore, c) pulling from the same coast via an anchored pulley in Ü, and d) pulling from the other coast o

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4

Rodriguez, A., A. Sánchez-Arcilla, J. M. Redondo, E. Bahia, and J. P. Sierra. "Pollutant dispersion in the nearshore region: modelling and measurements." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 9-10 (1995): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0682.

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Some results on pollutant dispersion modelling and tracer measurements for the Mediterranean Spanish coast are presented. Two hydrodynamic models have been used to simulate wind and wave induced circulation in the nearshore and surf zones respectively. A “near field” model has been used in order to simulate the initial conditions for the local “far field” dispersion model. Two study cases are presented: The first one shows the mixing of conservative tracers in a Mediterranean surf zone from an experimental and numerical models used to predict bacterial dispersion from the main sea outfalls of

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Pecly, J. O. G., and J. S. F. Roldão. "Dye tracers as a tool for outfall studies: dilution measurement approach." Water Science and Technology 67, no. 7 (2013): 1564–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.027.

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Dye tracer technique is well established and of wide application for assessment of outfalls and for delineation of near field and far field extensions. Common goals of a tracer study include the measurement of the dilution factor, estimation of the dispersion coefficients, measurement of the effluent discharge and calibration of a contaminant transport model. This paper presents a brief review of the methods involving the use of dye tracer for outfall assessment and illustrates the methods of slug release and continuous injection based on two real cases of campaigns carried out on Brazilian co

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6

Larsen, Torben. "Diffuser design for marine outfalls in areas with strong currents, high waves and sediment transport." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 2 (1995): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0113.

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The design of marine outfalls is often based on environmental criteria for a minimum initial dilution. Accordingly advanced diffuser arrangement are designed to fulfil these requirements. A large number of examples of malfunction and blocking in sea outfalls have occurred around the world as a result of this uncompromising consent to environmental demands. Two examples of unconventional design are given in this paper. Both cases involved risk of blockage of the diffuser section because of wave and current induced sediment transport. The paper also discusses how acceptable far field dilution co

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7

Zhao, Hong Bo, Ting Xu, and Bing Yan. "Study on Cooling Water Temperature Simulation for Multiple Projects in Forked Bays." Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 3027–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.3027.

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Cooling water from some plant raises the water temperature. It disrupts the water environment balance, and affects the cooling efficiency of the plant. Therefore, it is important to learn the water environment temperature and predict temperature rise design outfall for feasibility of project. In the project sea area, there are some outfalls existed, so it is possible that the water temperature will be higher than the design value of the project and influence water environment further. In this paper, based on site survey data, the feasibility study are carried out by mathematic model simulation

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8

Moore, D. C., and I. M. Davies. "Monitoring the effects of the disposal at sea of Lothian Region sewage sludge." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 93, no. 3-4 (1987): 467–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000006886.

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SynopsisUntil the late 1970s Edinburgh and the surrounding areas employed a series of relatively short sea outfalls to dispose of sewage to tidal waters. A centralised sewage treatment facility was provided in 1977, with disposal of liquid effluent by long sea outfall. The residual wet solids are dumped at two sites in the North Sea off the Firth of Forth. The sites, one near Bell Rock (56 25N 02 10W) and one ten miles north of St Abb's Head (56 04·5N 02 07·25W) are used on a rotational basis. The macrofauna at both sites shows a normal polychaete-dominated community exhibiting the normal low

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Chen, Zhijie, Ziqing Wang, Zhi Zeng, and Junjian Tang. "Comparative Study on the Diffusion of Thermal Discharge from Coastal Power Plants in Different Geographical Environments." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 13, no. 2 (2025): 383. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13020383.

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The diffusion characteristics of thermal discharge from coastal power plants were studied by analyzing the Ningde Nuclear Power Plant and Kemen Power Plant, which are located in different geographical regions in China. The former is in the open sea, and the latter is in a well-sheltered bay. In the vicinity of the outfall areas of the two power plants, large-area surface temperature observations and tidal current observations were conducted. The results indicate that the thermal discharge diffusion characteristics of coastal power plants located in different geographical environments are signi

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10

Bach, H. K., D. Orhon, O. K. Jensen, and I. S. Hansen. "Environmental model studies for the Istanbul Master Plan. Part II: water quality and eutrophication." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 2 (1995): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0092.

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A comprehensive environmental modelling study has been carried out to support the Istanbul Master Plan Study reviewing the waste water strategy for the period up to year 2030, at which time the sewerage system is expected to be extended to serve about 20 million people. Already today the local marine areas suffer from pollution effects caused by sewage discharge. The affected areas in particular are the Bosphorus Strait and the Bosphorus Strait-Sea of Marmara junction area, which are also the natural receiving waters for the sewage from the planned new development areas of Istanbul. The genera

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11

Sinke, M. D. "The Design and Construction of the “Houtrust” Waste Water Treatment Plant in the Hague." Water Science and Technology 24, no. 10 (1991): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0288.

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Until a century ago, The Hague's waste water was discharged directly into the city's canals. However, the obnoxious smell and resultant pollution of local waters and beaches then necessitated the implementation of a policy of collecting and transferring waste water by means of a system of sewers. By 1937, it was being discharged, via a 400 metre-long sea outfall, directly into the North Sea. By 1967, however, the increasing volume of waste water being generated by The Hague and the surrounding conurbations called for the construction of a primary sedimentation plant. This had two sea outfalls,

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12

Robertson, Hugh A. "Trends in the numbers and distribution of coastal birds in Wellington Harbour." Notornis 39, no. 4 (1992): 263. https://doi.org/10.63172/726396lkxzxc.

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The Wellington branch of the Ornithological Society of New Zealand counted coastal birds along the shores of Wellington Harbour every month for two years in 1975-77 and again in 1986-88. Between the two surveys, giant petrels and Black-backed Gulls, which feed on offal, showed significant population declines; however, most other key species increased, particularly Little Shags, Little Black Shags and Mallards, presumably as the health of the harbour improved as discharges from abattoirs and sewer outfalls were reduced. The distribution of some species changed markedly between the surveys, away

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13

Bushaibah, O., A. Al-Haddad, M. Khajah, F. Dashti, and E. Ibrahim. "Preliminary Assessment of Wastewater Quality near Emergency Outfalls in Kuwait Bay." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 14, no. 1 (2023): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijesd.2023.14.1.1415.

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Twenty-two wastewater discharging emergency outfalls located within Kuwait Bay have the ability to pollute marine life. The quality of wastewater discharged to the sea has a direct and significant impact on the ecosystem including marine organisms, and an indirect effect on human health. The current study aims to evaluate the quality of wastewater discharged at selected sites of Kuwait Bay and to compare the obtained results with the standards of the Environmental Public Authority (EPA) for discharging treated wastewater to Kuwait Bay. Five locations were selected near emergency outfalls, and

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Hansen, I. S., H. J. Vested, and M. A. Latif. "Environmental model studies for the Istanbul master plan. Part I: hydrodynamical design basis and marine disposal of wastewater." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 2 (1995): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0090.

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A modelling study of the hydrodynamics and spreading of wastewater from existing and future outfalls in the Bosphorus region has been conducted applying a 3-Dimensional model. The modelling is based on SYSTEM 3, which is a general modelling system for baroclinic flow simulating unsteady currents, waterlevels, salinity and temperature within the model area. The model set-up covers the Black Sea-Bosphorus-Marmara Sea junction area. The set-up is calibrated by data from a dedicated field program and previous field experience. The model is designed to describe the characteristic features of the fl

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15

Rathbone, P. A., D. J. Livingstone, and M. M. Calder. "Surveys monitoring the sea and beaches in the vicinity of Durban, South Africa: a case study." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 12 (1998): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0531.

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A microbiological surveillance programme was initiated in Durban, South Africa, to provide an objective assessment of changes in the local seawater quality before and after the commissioning of two submarine outfalls in 1969 and has been ongoing until the present day. A classification system including Escherichia coli I, helminthic parasite ova, pathogenic staphylococci, salmonellae, shigellae, and salinity was used. This system, functioning as an audit, has proved useful in detecting problem areas which may have passed unnoticed in the routine E coli I assessments performed by the Durban Muni

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16

Adel Al-Haddad, Fatemah Dashti, Ohoud Bushaibah,. "Wastewater Effluent from Outfalls in Kuwait Bay: A Threat to Recreational Water Quality." Journal of Electrical Systems 20, no. 4s (2024): 2015–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/jes.2306.

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The implications of wastewater discharge into marine ecosystems are gravely concerning due to their ability to trigger a chain reaction of contaminants that pose severe risks to both humans and aquatic life. Kuwait Bay is no exception, with numerous wastewater outfalls posing a threat to the marine environment on its southern coasts. This study sought to extensively evaluate the recreational water quality adjacent to wastewater outfalls at five specified sites and compare the results according to the KEPA's (Kuwait's Environmental Public Authority) guidelines. Field measurements and laboratory

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17

Chambers, B., R. E. Chapman, and R. T. Cross. "Integrated waste disposal strategy for the Orkney Islands - a case study." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 9-10 (1995): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0681.

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The Orkney Islands are situated several miles off the north east coast of Scotland and comprise about 40 separate islands, of which about 16 have a significant number of inhabitants. The total population is about 20,000 with 7,500 living in Kirkwall, the main town. The EU Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive (UWWTD) has presented the Orkney Islands Council with an opportunity to develop an integrated waste disposal strategy for the entire group of islands. The problems which must be overcome are common to many island communities with limited land availability and seasonal industries based on

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18

Flint, M. V., E. G. Arashkevich, A. V. Drits, S. G. Poyarkov, A. A. Nedospasov, and T. A. Schuka. "Structure and Trophic Characteristics of Zooplankton Communities of the East Siberian Sea." Oceanology 63, no. 6 (2023): 806–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0001437023320012.

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Abstract Research on the structure and trophic characteristics of zooplankton communities of the East Siberian Sea (ESS) was performed within the program “Marine Ecosystems of the Siberian Arctic” during cruise 69 of the R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh. The material was collected on two quasimeridional transects conducted in the latitudinal range ~71°00′–75°30′ N from the inner shelf adjacent to the Indigirka and Kolyma outfalls to the outer shelf during September 5–9, 2017. The list of species and larger taxa, as well as their biomass and trophic characteristics, are presented, and the peculiar

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19

E, Weimann,. "Citizen Research Highlights: Blue Flag Beach is not a Reliable Eco-Label to Protect Bathers in Cape Town." Journal of Environment and Ecology 9, no. 2 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jee.v9i2.13478.

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Background: Every day over 50 million liters of raw sewage are pumped into the Atlantic Ocean at several marine outfalls around the Cape Peninsula. They are in proximity to Blue Flag beaches and marine coastal nature reserves. This wastewater disposal poses severe health risks to citizens and recreational bathers. Moreover, sea food is contaminated by germs, pharmaceuticals, chemicals and other toxic substances. Caused by the wastewater pollution the marine ecosystem is under threat and deteriorating. Furthermore, Cape Town experiences recurrent droughts and the wastewater disposal puts additi

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20

Kvesić, Marija, Marin Vojković, Toni Kekez, Ana Maravić, and Roko Andričević. "Spatial and Temporal Vertical Distribution of Chlorophyll in Relation to Submarine Wastewater Effluent Discharges." Water 13, no. 15 (2021): 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13152016.

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The vertical distribution of chlorophyll in coastal waters is influenced by a combination of the hydrodynamic environment and different biotic and abiotic processes. The spatial and temporal occurrences of chlorophyll profiles provide a good representation of the changes in the marine environment. The majority of studies in the Adriatic Sea have so far been conducted in areas unaffected by anthropogenic pressure. Our study site is located near two marine outfalls, which are part of the public sewage system. This study aims to characterize the chlorophyll vertical distribution and describe its

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21

Miao, Xiaobo, Mou Lv, Fengchao Liang, Chunjiao Jiao, and Luohua Wang. "Diagnose Urban Drainage Network Problem Based on Internet of Things and Big Data." MATEC Web of Conferences 246 (2018): 02024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824602024.

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Urban drainage pipe network is an important foundation project in urban construction. It has a vital impact on urban waterlogging prevention and water pollution. However, in the current practice, there are many hidden problems in the pipe network, and it is difficult to check the pipe network problem, which restricts the understanding of the drainage system problem to a certain extent. In order to solve the two technical problems of drainage network survey and data statistics, the monitoring technology based on Internet of things and big data is adopted in this study. Taking the sponge city pi

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22

Khaled-Khodja, Soumeya, Hassen Cheraitia, Karima Rouibah, et al. "Identification of the Contamination Sources by PCBs Using Multivariate Analyses: The Case Study of the Annaba Bay (Algeria) Basin." Molecules 28, no. 19 (2023): 6841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28196841.

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Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), particularly the indicator polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), were first quantified in water and sediments of two wadis, Boujemaâ and Seybouse, as well as in the effluents from a fertilizer and phytosanitary production industrial plant (Fertial). Since these contaminated discharges end in Annaba Bay (Algeria) in the Mediterranean Sea, with a significant level of contamination, all the potential sources should be identified. In this work, this task is conducted by a multivariate analysis. Liquid–liquid extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–

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23

Head, P. C., D. H. Crawshaw, and S. K. Rasaratnam. "Fylde Coast Bathing Water Improvements – Storm Water Management for Compliance with Bathing Water Directive." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 10-11 (1990): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0308.

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As part of the investigations to determine the most appropriate scheme to bring the Fylde Coast bathing waters up to the quality required by the EC Bathing Water Directive, mathematical models have been used to examine the hydraulic behaviour of the sewerage system and the subsequent dispersion of effluent in the receiving waters. The discharge characteristics of the existing sewerage systems were examined by means of an extensive WASSP model, validated by means of flow measurements gathered from critical points of the sewer network. This model was then used, in conjunction with a time series

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Chapman, P. M., A. D. Arthur, M. D. Paine, and L. A. Taylor. "Sediment Studies Provide Key Information on the Need to Treat Sewage Discharged to Sea by a Major Canadian City." Water Science and Technology 28, no. 8-9 (1993): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0624.

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Relatively untreated (screened) municipal wastes from the City of Victoria, B.C. and environs are discharged to the sea as effluent from two long outfall pipes, only one of which (Macaulay Point) discharges to a depositional zone. Sediments along transects away from the Macaulay Point outfall were collected and the following parameters determined: contamination (selected chemicals of concern), toxicity (polychaete survival and growth, amphipod survival, and bivalve larvae abnormalities), and benthic infaunal community structure. Significant sediment contamination was restricted to within 100-4

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Maurer, Don, Charles Phillips, and George Robertson. "Trace Metal Bioaccumulation in Epibenthic Macroinvertebrates (EMI) from the San Pedro Shelf, California." International Review of Hydrobiology 84, no. 1 (1999): 73–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iroh.199900010.

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AbstractTrace metal/metalloid (As, Ag, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se, Zn) bioaccumulation was measured over a period of ten years (1985–1995) in five species of epibenthic macroinvertebrates (EMI) from the San Pedro Shelf, California. Four of the species are numerical dominants in the Southern California Bight (SCB) and two species are commercially harvested. Among three echinoderms, a predatory sea star yielded highest tissue concentrations compared to a sea cucumber and a sea urchin, and concentrations measured in a mantid shrimp exceeded those from a prawn. Comparison of trace metal bioaccumul

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26

Melis, Romana, Massimo Celio, Vincent M.P. Bouchet, et al. "Seasonal response of benthic foraminifera to anthropogenic pressure in two stations of the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic Sea, Italy): the marine protected area of Miramare versus the Servola water sewage outfall." Mediterranean Marine Science 20, no. 1 (2019): 120–41. https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.16154.

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Melis, Romana, Celio, Massimo, Bouchet, Vincent M.P., Varagona, Gabriella, Bazzaro, Matteo, Crosera, Matteo, Pugliese, Nevio (2019): Seasonal response of benthic foraminifera to anthropogenic pressure in two stations of the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic Sea, Italy): the marine protected area of Miramare versus the Servola water sewage outfall. Mediterranean Marine Science 20 (1): 120-141, DOI: 10.12681/mms.16154, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.16154

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27

Artiyasa, Marina, Anang Suryana, Muhammad Shobirin, et al. "Sistem Monitoring dan Kontrol Katup Pendingin terhadap Temperatur Air Outfall PLTU." Circuit: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Teknik Elektro 7, no. 1 (2023): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/crc.v7i1.15449.

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The Pelabuhan Ratu Steam Power Plant (PLTU) is a large-scale power plant that generates a lot of heat energy. Sea water is one of the cooling systems or cooling systems that can be used, but the continuous use of sea water as a cooling system media at the power plant has a negative impact because if the cooling system output water has a hot temperature that exceeds the provisions, it will disrupt marine life near the water disposal area. A cooling system, also known as an outfall or downstream channel. In order to address these issues, a study titled the monitoring and control system of the co

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Poppema, Daan Willem, Sierd de Vries, Ad Reniers, and Alessandro Antonini. "HYBRID DUNE STRUCTURES AROUND THE WORLD: A NEW OVERVIEW AND LESSONS LEARNED." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 38 (May 29, 2025): 150. https://doi.org/10.9753/icce.v38.management.150.

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Shore protection strategies worldwide increasingly incorporate hybrid dunes, which combine sandy dunes with hard structures. These hybrid dunes often intentionally combine classic erosion-resistant hard elements (rock, concrete elements, sea walls, etc) with sandy dunes. Hereby they aim to combine the best two worlds, as hard structures need less space and have less uncertainty in performance, while sandy dunes enable recreation and nature and can be more resilient under sea level rise. At times, hard elements such as buildings or outfall pipelines are introduced for other purposes, but uninte

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Kim, Dong Jun, Kyung Min Choi, Yang Ho Song, and Jung Ho Lee. "Establishment of a Flood Nomograph in Coastal Areas Considering Sea-Level Rise." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 21, no. 6 (2021): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2021.21.6.313.

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Climate change caused by global warming is raising the average sea level. The rise in sea level leads to an increase in river water levels within the affected range, which increases the possibility of flooding in water due to erosion of outfall to the coast and rivers. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize in advance the risk of occurrence of domestic flooding, which is aggravated by the effect of rising sea levels, and to construct new boundary conditions for predicting urban flooding accordingly. In this study, Flood Nomograph for two research areas was selected in consideration of the reg

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Kim, Dong Jun, Kyung Min Choi, Yang Ho Song, and Jung Ho Lee. "Assessment of Prevention Performance Target Rainfall in Coastal Cities with Sea Level Rise." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 21, no. 6 (2021): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2021.21.6.303.

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The rise in average sea level due to climate change aggravates the vulnerability of coastal areas, increasing the likelihood of flooding due to erosion of outfall to the coast and rivers. Therefore, the design standards of defense facilities should be strengthened to address such increased risk of flooding. Accordingly, in this study, a plan to adjust the disaster prevention performance target rainfall for two research areas was selected in consideration of the regional characteristics of the coastal area and the average sea level rise predicted for 2050, and the disaster prevention performanc

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Toms, G. "Marine Outfall Studies in Development Areas of South Africa." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 11 (1986): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0138.

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A recent policy of decentralizing growth in South Africa has led to the designation of neu coastal development areas. Growth of such areas, stimulated by the attraction of industries should be accompanied by a careful assessment of possible associated marine pollution problems. In particular, the disposal of industrial and/or domestic effluents to sea may initially appear an attractive option to planners and developers. Consequently the investigation of the feasibility of the marine disposal option is an essential component of the planning process. An on-going series of such studies in nominat

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Tianina, Elena. "INHABITANTS OF THE HOLY RIVER OF NOVGOROD: THE VOLKHOV IN THE HISTORIC, CULTURAL AND MYTHOLOGICAL TRADITION OF MEDIEVAL NOVGOROD." Culture Crossroads 5 (November 14, 2022): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.55877/cc.vol5.221.

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The River Volkhov, connecting Lake Ilmen and Lake Ladoga, used to be atransportation line of utmost importance in northern Russia (Fig. 1). As earlyas the 8th–9th century AD, the water route along the Volkhov was masteredby the Slavs – migrants from the southern shores of the Baltic Sea. During theViking epoch, two major townships of northern Russia appeared at the headand the outfall of the Volkhov: they were Ladoga and the predecessor of Novgorod, Rurik’s Township. And in the second quarter of the 10th centuryNovgorod the Great was founded. For the city’s population, the River Volkhovwas not

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Tseng, Li-Chun, Ram Kumar, Hans-Uwe Dahms, et al. "Copepod community structure over a marine outfall area in the north-eastern South China Sea." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 88, no. 5 (2008): 955–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315408001574.

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This study focuses on the dynamics of copepod abundances and species composition in the upper water column of a marine outfall area Tso-Ying (T-Y) in the boundary waters of the north-eastern South China Sea and the Taiwan Strait as an example. Zooplankton samples were collected in March, June and September 2002. Mean copepod abundance at all stations ranged from a minimum of 9.4 (individuals m−3) in March to a maximum of 1685 (individuals m−3) in June. A total of 66 copepod species belonging to 31 genera and 19 families were identified during three cruises. Copepod assemblages were dominated b

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Andhika, Randi, Purwanto Purwanto, and Fuad Muhammad. "Modeling The Distribution of Wastewater and Determining Zone of Initial Dilution from Waste Discharge Into The Sea From Fuel Terminal Activities in Balikpapan Bay." Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas 47, no. 2 (2024): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.29017/scog.47.2.1623.

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Sea water quality in Balikpapan Bay is determined by two driving factors: river flow and sea tides. This study aimed to conduct predictive modeling of wastewater distribution from industrial activities with the potential for seawater pollution, specifically for fuel terminals in Balik Papan Bay. The data source used was primary data for the initial environmental baseline, which was taken from the results of the analysis of 1 liter sample each from the wastewater treatment outlet, outfall, and three points representing three sea areas receiving wastewater, and secondary data obtained from the B

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MRŠA HABER, IVA, TARZAN LEGOVIĆ, LADO KRANJČEVIĆ, and MARIJAN CUKROV. "Simulation of pollutants spreading from a sewage outfall in the Rijeka Bay." Mediterranean Marine Science 21, no. 1 (2020): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.20467.

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Results from a 3D numerical simulation of wind-induced currents and pollution spreading from a sewage outfall are described.The goal was to predict seawater sanitary quality in the Rijeka Bay, Adriatic Sea. A sea motion model was coupled with a modelof transport and chemical reactions of fecal coliforms (FC), fecal streptococci (FS) and dissolved oxygen. The selected simulationperiod of 36 hours following wastewater discharge was found to be sufficient for a significant extinction of bacteria. The simulationwas carried out for eight wind directions and two intensities (moderate and high). Mesh

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Kim, Dong Jun, Yang Ho Song, and Jung Ho Lee. "Potential Performance Assessment of Coastal Urban Sewer Network according to Sea Level Rise." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 23, no. 1 (2023): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2023.23.1.199.

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The rise in sea levels due to climate change causes a decrease in the discharge capacity of sewer pipes and an increase in the risk of urban inundation due to the encroaching of outfall to the coast. Therefore, it is crucial to quantitatively evaluate and predict the increasing degree of risk to properly respond to the risk of inundation that is aggravated by the effects of rising sea levels. In this study, two research areas were selected in consideration of the regional characteristics of the coastal area and the sea level rise scenarios. In the selected research areas, the performance of th

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Matos, J., A. Monteiro, P. Costa, et al. "Wastewater diffusion in the estoril coast: theoretical calculations and field studies." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 10 (1998): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0420.

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The Costa do Estoril sewerage system is located on the west side of the Lisbon region, off the mouth of the Tagus river. This system was planned in order to free the pleasant beaches of the region from any wastewater discharge and is prepared to serve, at the final phase, more than one million inhabitants. In the Costa do Estoril a long sea outfall with two diffusers is used for final wastewater disposal. This system has been operating since 1994. In this paper nearfield dilution corresponding to present working conditions are presented. For simulation of nearfield dilution CORMIX 1 and CORMIX

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Webster, J., and I. Ridgway. "The application of the equilibrium partitioning pproach for establishing sediment quality criteria at two UK sea disposal and outfall sites." Marine Pollution Bulletin 28, no. 11 (1994): 653–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326x(94)90300-x.

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Christodoulou, George C., Arthanassios E. Kouloumbis, and Alice O. Aza. "2 - D CIRCULATION IN THE SARONIC GULF." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 20 (1986): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v20.182.

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The paper refers to mathematical modeling of the 2-D hydrodynamic circulation in the Saronic Gulf, in Greece. The finite element method is followed to evaluate the flow behaviour. Two grids are employed, a coarse one for initial model adaptation and a finer one for a more detailed study of circulation patterns. Actual tide data are obtained at the boundary of the domain and a typical compound tide is introduced; however residual tidal currents are found to be negligible. Wind-generated flow fields under several prevailing wind directions are determined and their comparison to qualitative field

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Christodoulou, G. C., I. Ioakeim, and K. Ioannou. "Modeling of pollution from the wastewater discharge of the city of Limassol." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 9-10 (1995): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0685.

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The paper presents a numerical modeling study aimed at a preliminary assessment of the impact of the planned sea outfall of the city of Limassol, Cyprus, on the waters of Akrotiri bay. First the local meteorological and oceanographic conditions as well as the loading characteristics are briefly reviewed. Two-dimensional finite element hydrodynamic and dispersion models are subsequently applied to the study area. The results of the former show an eastbound flow pattern under the prevailing westerly winds, in general agreement with available field observations. The spread of BOD and N under cont

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Vesal, Seyed Ehsan, Federica Nasi, Rocco Auriemma, and Paola Del Negro. "Effects of Organic Enrichment on Bioturbation Attributes: How Does the Macrofauna Community Respond in Two Different Sedimentary Impacted Areas?" Diversity 15, no. 3 (2023): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15030449.

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We assessed the influence of different organic matter (OM) inputs associated with terrigenous/freshwater allochthonous and sewage derive on bioturbation and irrigation potential community indices (BPc and IPc) of the soft-bottom macrofauna community. The macrofauna was sampled from two different sedimentary impacted areas, in front of the Po River Delta (northern Adriatic Sea) and sewage discharge diffusion zone (Gulf of Trieste). The highest values of BPc and IPc were observed at the northward sampling stations of the prodelta and the stations 25 m distance in front of the main sewage outfall

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Mahessar, A. A., K. Ansari, G. M. Arain, S. M. Kori, S. Qureshi, and A. L. Qureshi. "Impact of Right Bank Outfall Drain-I (RBOD-I) / Main Nara Valley Drain (MNVD) on Manchar Lake, Sindh, Pakistan." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, no. 6 (2019): 5074–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3219.

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The lakes of Sindh are in poor environmental condition due to the massive disposal of effluents. This paper presents the impact of water quality in Manchar Lake due to climate change and anthropogenic intervention. The lake is one of the biggest natural lakes in Sindh, Pakistan. The lake has three major sources of water supply: Indus River, hill torrents from the Khirthar Mountain range and the Right Bank Outfall Drain (RBOD-I)/Main Nara Valley Drain (MNVD). The water supply of the lake from the first two sources has been reduced due to morphological and climate changes. Hence, there is only o

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Mahessar, A. A., K. Ansari, G. M. Arain, S. M. Kori, S. Qureshi, and A. L. Qureshi. "Impact of Right Bank Outfall Drain-I (RBOD-I) / Main Nara Valley Drain (MNVD) on Manchar Lake, Sindh, Pakistan." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, no. 6 (2019): 5074–79. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3566591.

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The lakes of Sindh are in poor environmental condition due to the massive disposal of effluents. This paper presents the impact of water quality in Manchar Lake due to climate change and anthropogenic intervention. The lake is one of the biggest natural lakes in Sindh, Pakistan. The lake has three major sources of water supply: Indus River, hill torrents from the Khirthar Mountain range and the Right Bank Outfall Drain (RBOD-I)/Main Nara Valley Drain (MNVD). The water supply of the lake from the first two sources has been reduced due to morphological and climate changes. Hence, there is only o

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Liu, Mengdi, Xiaobin Yin, Qing Xu, Yuxiang Chen, and Bowen Wang. "Monitoring of Fine-Scale Warm Drain-Off Water from Nuclear Power Stations in the Daya Bay Based on Landsat 8 Data." Remote Sensing 12, no. 4 (2020): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12040627.

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Monitoring the drain-off water from nuclear power stations by high-resolution remote sensing satellites is of great significance for ensuring the safe operation of nuclear power stations and monitoring environmental changes. In order to select the optimal algorithm for Landsat 8 Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) data to monitor warm drain-off water from the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station (DNPS) and the Ling Ao Nuclear Power Station (LNPS) located on the southern coast of China, this study applies the edge detection method to remove stripes and produces estimates of four Sea Surface Temperature (S

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Herut, B., N. Kress, and H. Hornung. "Nutrient pollution at the lower reaches of Mediterranean coastal rivers in Israel." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 1-2 (2000): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0306.

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This study represents the first attempt to evaluate the nutrient load introduced into the coastal waters by the rivers along the Mediterranean coast of Israel. Measurements of nutrient concentrations (phosphate, ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, silicic acid) at two or three stations along the lower river reaches (11 rivers) were carried out annually from 1990 up to 1998. Combining the nutrient concentrations with the monthly riverine discharges we assessed the nutrient load. In general, most of the coastal rivers contain high nutrient contamination level, compared to the criteria adopted by NOAA (U

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Fan, Chenchen, Peng Zhang, Gangfu Song, Huaru Wang, and Bingyi Wang. "Traceability and Emission Reduction of Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen in Minjiang Estuary, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (2021): 10017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910017.

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The accumulation of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in estuaries has become a global environmental problem. A two-dimensional, hydrodynamic water quality model was constructed in this study to investigate the sources of DIN pollution in the Minjiang Estuary. The concentration response field between the stream input and DIN in the estuary was established by using the surveyed source data of the study area. A sharing coefficient method was used to calculate the contribution percentage of each outfall to derive and propose a reasonable nitrogen reduction plan. The results showed that the input

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Lo, Shih-Hsing, Wen-Tai Wen, Jia-Lin Chen, and Po Hung Yeh. "QUANTIFYING THE EFFICIENCY OF TIDAL EXCHANGE AND SALT DISPERSION IN A HARBOR BASIN." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 38 (May 29, 2025): 126. https://doi.org/10.9753/icce.v38.management.126.

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Desalination contributes to the climate change adaption and increases resilience in all those circumstances in which water scarcity has been exacerbated severely in recent decades. Desalination is the process of removing salt from seawater or brackish water for a range of usage, including drinking. However, desalination produces a by- product, brine (a concentrated salt solution) that must be properly disposed of to avoid adverse impacts on the marine environment. In fact, emergency desalination facilities are popular when a sudden drought happens; it’s easy to install and can provide instant

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Comes, F., M. C. Huau, and P. Kloninger. "Impact de la desinfection de l'effluent d'une station depuration en zone cotiere mediterraneenne - The Impact of Disinfection of the Effluent of a Wastewater Treatment Plant on the Mediterranean Coast." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 12 (1992): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0344.

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The removal of microorganisms from the wastewater of municipal treatment plants is more and more in demand in order to comply with the effluents standards required for the ecotoxicological protection of the receiving water, especially to levels of seaside resorts and shellfish breeding marine areas. Therefore, in these sensitive coastal areas close to seaside resorts, the study of the bacteriological pollution of the effluents has become a priority because of the inefficiency of the traditional wastewater treatment processes for microbic contamination. The bacterial concentration levels of the

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Crispino, Marwin, and Eligia Clemente. "PENINJAUAN STATUS LINGKUNGAN EKSISTING SUNGAI MARIKINA, FILIPINA." Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan 26, no. 2 (2020): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/j.tl.2020.26.2.5.

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Abstract: The physico-chemical characteristics of the Marikina River in an urban area of Metro Manila, Philippines was determined to evaluate the current degree of pollution. The study focused on one source at the site with general coordinates of 14°38’07.95” N, 121°05’36.33” E based on the World Geodetic System (WGS), at an average surface water elevation of around 9 m above mean sea level (AMSL). The area was chosen because of its proximity to a main road and the presence of an outfall from a cemented pipe near a major shopping mall. Comparing the results from the sampling source with the DE

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Tayyab, Muhammad, Yasir Abbas, and Muhammad Waqas Hussain. "Management Options for Large Metropolitans on the Verge of a Water Stress." Journal of Human, Earth, and Future 3, no. 3 (2022): 333–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/hef-2022-03-03-06.

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Karachi is the largest metropolitan area in Pakistan and houses about 14.91 million people (2017 census). It is the industrial hub and financial capital of Pakistan, but unfortunately, it is facing the worst water crisis in its history. Pakistan is bestowed with extensive water resources, but making use of them requires a paradigm shift in water policy and management. Karachi is facing a water crisis situation over the period of three decades, not due to the shortage of natural resources but to mismanagement on the part of the planners and managers, and the situation is getting worse with no i

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