Relevant bibliographies by topics / Two stage anaerobic reactor

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Academic literature on the topic 'Two stage anaerobic reactor'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Two stage anaerobic reactor"

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Wang, Jing, Jian An Hao, Ai Jun Zhang, Bo Yang, Tian Xiang Jiang, Xiu Zhi Zhang, Xiao Qing Zhang, and Yu Shan Zhang. "Startup of Seawater Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation Reactor." Advanced Materials Research 884-885 (January 2014): 582–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.884-885.582.

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Muds and water samples collected from the Bohai Sea were selected to build seawater anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor. The reaction volume was 18 L. The startup of reactor was divided into two stages. The first stage lasted five months and hydraulic retention time was 18L/7 d. The second stage lasted a month and hydraulic retention time was 18L/14 d. Ammonia and nitrite of influent and effluent were monitored. During the first stage, the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen was around 50% and the nitrite nitrogen increased by 50%. During the second stage, the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen reached more than 75% and the removal rate of nitrite nitrogen reached more than 90%. The removal ratio of ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen was about 1:1.17. These results suggested reactor start-up successful. Microbial community in reactor was monitored by polymerase chain reaction. Once the reactor started, specific bands of anaerobic ammonia oxidation microorganisms were found.
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Deswaef, S., T. Salmon, S. Hiligsmann, X. Taillieu, N. Milande, Ph Thonart, and M. Crine. "Treatment of gypsum waste in a two stage anaerobic reactor." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 5-6 (September 1, 1996): 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0572.

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The reduction of high concentrations of gypsum (up to 110 kg/m3) is investigated in a two stage immobilised cell bioreactor. The first stage is mainly colonised by a consortium of acidogenic bacteria and sulphate reducing bacteria oxidising volatile fatty acids with more than 2 carbons (mainly, butyrate and propionate). The gypsum consumption rate is rather high (11 kg/m3.day). Most of acetate remains unconverted in this first stage. It is partially converted in the second stage (residence time : 12 days) which is predominantly colonised by acetate oxidising bacteria. The gypsum consumption rate is much lower than in the first stage: 3 kg/m3.day. With both stages, it is possible to reach an almost complete conversion of gypsum with an overall capacity of 6.1 kg gypsum/m3.day. We propose also a very simple model to describe the different transformation rates. It allows us to clearly identify the activity levels of the different types of sulphate reducing bacteria in both stages.
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Rodríguez-Pimentel, R., F. Ramírez-Vives, A. De Jesús-Rojas, F. J. Martínez-Valdez, S. Rodríguez-Pérez, and O. Monroy-Hermosillo. "Two-Phase Anaerobic Digestion of Municipal Organic Solid Wastes." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 3, no. 2 (July 30, 2013): 210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jbt.v3i2.1681.

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Two stages anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (OFMSW) is proposed using a batch anaerobic trickling bed (BATB) reactor in the first hydrolysis and acidogenesis stage. At total solids loading of 135 g/L and reaction times around 30 days, total solids (ηTS) and chemical oxygen demand (ηCOD) removal efficiencies above 46% were obtained independently of pH (between 4.1 and 6.4). Dependent on pH were methane production, four times more at pH 6.4 than at 4.8 and four times more volatile fatty acids (VFA) production at 6.4 than at 4.1 and twice than at 4.8. Leachates generated in the BATB reactor were diluted with municipal wastewater and fed to an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor at volumetric organic loading rates from 11 to 28 g/L.d where 90% COD removal efficiencies (ηCOD) and 11.4 g CODCH4./L.d were obtained. Two stages anaerobic digestion results in high rates of solids removal and methane production (0.63 kWhr/kg TS fed).
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Ráduly, B., L. Gyenge, Sz Szilveszter, A. Kedves, and S. Crognale. "Treatment of corn ethanol distillery wastewater using two-stage anaerobic digestion." Water Science and Technology 74, no. 2 (May 5, 2016): 431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.185.

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In this study the mesophilic two-stage anaerobic digestion (AD) of corn bioethanol distillery wastewater is investigated in laboratory-scale reactors. Two-stage AD technology separates the different sub-processes of the AD in two distinct reactors, enabling the use of optimal conditions for the different microbial consortia involved in the different process phases, and thus allowing for higher applicable organic loading rates (OLRs), shorter hydraulic retention times (HRTs) and better conversion rates of the organic matter, as well as higher methane content of the produced biogas. In our experiments the reactors have been operated in semi-continuous phase-separated mode. A specific methane production of 1,092 mL/(L·d) has been reached at an OLR of 6.5 g TCOD/(L·d) (TCOD: total chemical oxygen demand) and a total HRT of 21 days (5.7 days in the first-stage, and 15.3 days in the second-stage reactor). Nonetheless the methane concentration in the second-stage reactor was very high (78.9%); the two-stage AD outperformed the reference single-stage AD (conducted at the same reactor loading rate and retention time) by only a small margin in terms of volumetric methane production rate. This makes questionable whether the higher methane content of the biogas counterbalances the added complexity of the two-stage digestion.
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Damayanti, Sri Ismiyati, Dian Fitriani Astiti, Chandra Wahyu Purnomo, Sarto Sarto, and Wiratni Budhijanto. "Inoculum Selection and Micro-Aeration for Biogas Production in Two-Stage Anaerobic Digestion of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME)." Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan 8, no. 1 (July 24, 2019): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v8i1.16318.

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Two-stage anaerobic fluidized bed is an innovation in anaerobic digestion technology intended to handle liquid waste with high organic loading and complex substrate. The process is based on separation between acidogenic/acetogenic and methanogenic processes. The first stage is anaerobic process to convert substrate (represented as soluble chemical oxygen demand/sCOD) into volatile fatty acids (VFA). The second stage is methanogenic process to convert VFA into biogas. This study aimed to separate acidogenic/acetogenic and methanogenic processes by means of limited injection of air (micro-aeration) and inoculum selection. Micro-aeration was introduced in acidogenic/acetogenic stage because the relevant microbes were facultative so that the obligate anaerobic methanogens will be suppressed. On the other hand, the methanogenic reactor was kept completely anaerobic to ensure methanogenic dominance over acidogenic/acetogenic ones. Two sources of inoculums were used in this study, i.e. anaerobically digested biodiesel waste and anaerobically digested cow manure. Both inoculums were taken from active biogas reactor treating biodiesel waste and cow manure, respectively. Experiments were run in batch reactors treating palm oil mill effluent (POME) as the substrate for the acidogenic/acetogenic reactor. After the reaction in the first stage reached the minimum substrate concentration, the content of the reactor was used as the substrate for the methanogenic reactor as the second stage. Routine measurements were taken for sCOD and VFA concentrations, biogas production, and methane concentration in the biogas. Results confirmed that micro-aeration maintained good performance of acidogenic/acetogenic process, which was indicated by peaks in VFA accumulation, while suppressing methanogenic activities as no methane produced in this stage. Digested biodiesel waste was superior inoculum to be compared to digested cow manure with respect to sCOD removal. In the methanogenic stage, digested biodiesel waste also performed better as inoculum as it led to higher VFA conversion, higher biogas production rate, and higher methane content in the biogas.
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Qu, Yuan Yuan, Wan Qian Guo, Jie Ding, and Nan Qi Ren. "Feasibility of Hydrogen Production by a Continuous Two-Stage (Dark/Dark) Fermentation System." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 1000–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.1000.

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Anaerobic hydrogen production in a continuous two-stage fermentation system was studied. Two continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTR) were employed to evaluate performances of the system. The first stage was fed with molasses wastewater, and the effluent discharged from the first stage was subsequently fed into the second stage. The hydrogen production rate (HPR) in the second stage achieved a remarkable increase from 1.76 L/d to 6.45 L/d during the operation by re-utilizing the residual substrates from the first reactor effluent. The two stages showed a similar metabolic pathway for biohydrogen fermentation. The hydrogen production yield (HY) and acidification efficiency increased markedly by more than 70% and 50% respectively, which indicated the hydrogen recovery and anaerobic acidification of organic substrates can be improved by the combined continuous two-stage hydrogen production process.
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Mota, V. T., and M. Zaiat. "Two- vs. single-stage anaerobic reactors: evaluation of effluent quality and energy production potential using sucrose-based wastewater." Water Science and Technology 78, no. 9 (November 12, 2018): 1966–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.470.

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Abstract Two- and single-stage anaerobic treatment systems were assessed for treatment performance and for bioenergy production from sucrose-based wastewater. In the two-stage system, a hydrogen-producing upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (HU reactor) was used in the acidogenic phase. The methanogenic reactor of the two-stage system (MF reactor) and the single-stage reactor (SSF reactor) were structured fixed-bed reactors. The two-stage system showed superior performance, evidenced by lower organic acids, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and suspended solids concentrations in the effluent, and higher biogas methane content and yield. Continuous and stable H2 production was obtained in the acidogenic reactor. At the end of operation, the organic loading rates applied to the two- and single-stage systems were 6.4 and 5.2 gCOD L−1 d−1, respectively. Under these conditions, the effluent soluble COD and volatile suspended solids (VSS) concentrations were 165 and 92 mg L−1 in the two-stage system, and 256 and 244 mg L−1 in the single-stage system, respectively. The energy yield of the two-stage system was 20.69 kJ g−1CODadded, which was 34% higher than the yield of the single-stage system. The sequencing analyses showed that the archaeal distribution changed little between the inoculum and sludge from the MF reactor, in which acetoclastic Methanosaeta was predominant. However, hydrogenotrophic Methanospirillum was found most, followed by Methanosaeta, in the sludge from the SSF reactor.
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Kang, Xing Sheng, Chang Qing Liu, Li Zhu Huang, Gong Fa Chang, Zhong Qiao, Bo Zhang, and Xue Jun Bi. "The Different Metabolic Activity of Activated Sludge Samples Taken from Reversed A2/O Process and Conventional A2/O Process." Advanced Materials Research 183-185 (January 2011): 1476–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.183-185.1476.

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The metabolic activity of sludge samples taken from two pilot scale activated sludge reactor was studied. The two reactors were of the same size and structure. One was operated according to the reversed A2/O process (R-reactor) and another was operated according to conventional A2/O process (C-reactor). The activities of dehydrogenase (DHA) and electron transport system (ETS) and the specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) of sludge taken from R-reactor were 34.98%, 22.44% and 12.70% higher than those of the sludge taken from C-reactor. As for the R-reactor, the sludge undergoes aerobic condition right after anaerobic experience. Compared to entering aerobic stage from anoxic stage (C-reactor), entering aerobic stage from anaerobic stage can significantly enhance the activity of microbes, accelerate the decomposition of organics and improve the SOUR of the sludge.
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Liu, H. W., S. N. Lo, and H. C. Lavallée. "Theoretical Study on Two-Stage Anaerobic-Aerobic Biological Treatment of a CTMP Effluent: Part 2: Optimization of Treatment System." Water Quality Research Journal 31, no. 1 (February 1, 1996): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1996.002.

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Abstract A general method based upon the Monod kinetic model for optimizing the two-stage sequential anaerobic-aerobic treatment system was established. Using this method, the total treatment time required for a fixed overall treatment efficiency for a CTMP effluent was minimized with respect to the substrate removal in the anaerobic stage, and the corresponding optimal reactor volume ratio between the two stages was determined. The effects of the principal operating conditions (concentration of microorganisms and initial substrate concentration) on the minimum total treatment time and the optimal reactor volume ratio required for the two-stage treatment of the CTMP effluent were demonstrated. Procedures in consideration of both BOD5 and RFA removals for optimizing the two-stage treatment of the CTMP effluent are presented.
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Riungu, Joy, Mariska Ronteltap, and Jules B. van Lier. "Volatile fatty acids build-up and its effect on E. coli inactivation during excreta stabilisation in single-stage and two-stage systems." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 8, no. 2 (March 19, 2018): 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2018.160.

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Abstract Digestion and co-digestion of faecal matter collected from urine diverting dehydrating toilet faeces (UDDT-F) and mixed organic market waste (OMW) was studied in single stage pilot scale mesophilic plug-flow anaerobic reactors at UDDT-F:OMW ratios 4:1 and 1:0. Escherichia coli inactivation and volatile fatty acids (VFA) build-up was monitored at sampling points located along the reactor profile. When applying UDDT-F:OMW ratio of 4:1 at 12% total solids (TS), E. coli inactivation achieved was 2.3 log times higher than that achieved in UDDT-F:OMW ratio of 1:0. In subsequent trials, a two-stage reactor was researched, applying a UDDT-F:OMW ratio of 4:1 and 10 or 12% TS slurry concentrations. Highest VFA concentrations of 16.3 ± 1.3 g/L were obtained at a pH of 4.9 in the hydrolysis/acidogenesis reactor, applying a UDDT-F:OMW ratio of 4:1 and 12% TS, corresponding to a non-dissociated (ND)-VFA concentration of 6.9 ± 2.0 g/L. The corresponding decay rate reached a value of 1.6 per day. In the subsequent methanogenic plug-flow reactor, a decay rate of 1.1 per day was attained within the first third part of the reactor length, which declined to 0.6 per day within the last third part of the reactor length. Results show that a two-stage system is an efficient way to enhance pathogen inactivation during anaerobic digestion.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Two stage anaerobic reactor"

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Pereira, Edson Rivelino. "Desempenho e caracterização microbiana do processo de dois estágios com reatores anaeróbios de fluxo ascendente com manta de lodo (UASB) tratando águas residuárias de suinocultura." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-26022007-170703/.

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Foram operados dois reatores UASB de bancada (volumes de 39,0 e 10,5 L) instalados em série, alimentados com águas residuárias de suinocultura com concentração de sólidos suspensos totais (SST), no primeiro reator, em torno de 5000 mg/L, com temperatura controlada (de 25 a 30 graus Celsius) e com tempo de detenção hidráulica (TDH) no primeiro reator de 62 a 16 h e no segundo de 16 a 4 h. O objetivo foi avaliar o desempenho e caracterizar física e microbiologicamente o lodo dos reatores UASB operados em dois estágios. Os resultados obtidos no ensaio 1, com TDH de 62 h no primeiro reator e SST no afluente de 5240 mg/L, mostraram eficiências de remoção de DQO total de 86% e 59% e SST de 82% e 57%, no primeiro e segundo reatores, respectivamente. A eficiência de remoção de DQO total e SST no sistema, no ensaio 1, foi de 95% e 94%. No ensaio 2, com TDH de 31 h no primeiro reator e SST de 5000 mg/L no afluente, observou-se eficiência de remoção de DQO total de 86% e 43% e SST de 85% e 58%, no primeiro e segundo reatores, respectivamente. A eficiência de remoção de DQO total e SST no sistema, no ensaio 2, foi de 92% e 94%. No ensaio 3, com TDH de 16 h no primeiro reator e SST de 5490 mg/L no afluente, observou-se eficiência de remoção de DQO total de 73% e 23% e SST de 65% e 20%, no primeiro e segundo reatores, respectivamente. A eficiência de remoção de DQO total e SST no sistema, no ensaio 3, foi de 79% e 73%. A TCOV aplicada no primeiro reator, no ensaio 1, foi de 4,55 kg DQO total/\'M POT.3\'.d, no ensaio 2 de 8,75 kg DQO total/\'M POT.3\'.d e no ensaio 3 de 18,65 kg DQO total/\'M POT.3\'.d. A produção de \'CH IND.4\' no primeiro reator foi de 17,50 a 68,20 L \'CH IND.4\'/d e no segundo reator de 1,62 a 5,50 L \'CH IND.4\'/d com a diminuição do TDH. Os reatores UASB instalados em série foram eficientes na remoção da fração dissolvida e, principalmente, da fração devido à concentração de SST do afluente. Para TCOV de 4,55 kg DQO/\'M POT.3\'.d no primeiro reator, pôde-se obter eficiências de remoção de DQO total e de SST acima de 90% e de DQO dissolvida acima de 85%. Para TCOV de 18,65 kg DQO/\'M POT.3\'.d no primeiro reator, as eficiências de remoção de DQO total e de SST foram acima de 70% e DQO dissolvida acima de 75%. As maiores produções específicas de metano foram obtidas com TCOV de 2,55 kg DQO/\'M POT.3\'.d para o segundo reator e de 8,65 kg DQO/\'M POT.3\'.d para o primeiro reator. A operação dos reatores UASB com valores de concentração de SST no afluente em torno de 5000 mg/L foram prejudiciais ao processo de granulação do lodo. Os grânulos apresentaram distribuição dispersa das morfologias microbianas ao longo da parede, não caracterizando a divisão em camadas definidas. As arqueas metanogênicas predominantes foram as semelhantes à Methanosaeta.
Two bench scale UASB reactors (volumes of 39,0 and 10,5 L) were operated in sequence, fed with swine wastewater with total suspended solids (TSS) concentration around 5000 mg/L in the first reactor, with controlled temperature (from 25 to 30 Celsius degrees) and operating with hydraulic detention time (HDT) in the first reactor varying from 62 to 16 h and in the second reactor from 16 to 4 h. The objective was to evaluate the performance and to characterize physically and microbiologically the sludge from UASB reactors operated in two stages treating swine wastewater. The results obtained in phase 1, with HDT of 62 h in the first reactor and TSS in the influent of 5240 mg/L, presented total COD removal efficiencies of 86% and 59% and TSS reduction efficiency of 82% and 57%, in the first and second reactors, respectively. The removal efficiency of total COD and TSS in the system, in phase 1, was 95% and 94%, respectively. In the phase 2, using HDT of 31 h in the first reactor and TSS of 5000 mg/L in the influent, it was observed a total COD removal efficiency of 86% and 43% and TSS reduction efficiency of 85% and 58%, in the first and second reactors, respectively. The system removal efficiency of total COD and TSS in phase 2, was 92% and 94%, respectively. In phase 3, with a HDT of 16 h in the first reactor and TSS of 5490 mg/L in the influent, it was observed a total COD removal efficiency of 73% and 23% and TSS reduction efficiency of 65% and 20%, in the first and second reactors, respectively. The total COD removal efficiency and TSS reduction efficiency in the system, in phase 3, was 79% and 73%, respectively. The volumetric organic loading rate (VOLR) applied in the first reactor, in phase 1, was 4,55 kg total COD/\'M POT.3\'.d, in phase 2 was 8,75 kg total COD/\'M POT.3\'.d and in phase 3 was 18,65 kg total COD/\'M POT.3\'.d. The \'CH IND.4\' production in the first reactor was from 17,50 to 68,20 L \'CH IND.4\'/d and in the second reactor from 1,62 to 5,50 L \'CH IND.4\'/d decreasing the HDT in the experiment phases. The UASB reactor installed in sequence were efficient in the dissolved fraction removal and, mainly, to the fraction due to the TSS influent concentration. The total VOL value of 4,55 kg COD/\'M POT.3\'.d was measured in the first reactor, it was achieved TSS and total COD removal efficiencies above 90% and dissolved COD above 85%. For the OVL of 18,65 kg COD/\'M POT.3\'.d in the first reactor the TSS and total COD removal were above 70% and dissolved COD above 75%. The larger methane specific production was obtained with a total VOL of 2,55 kg COD/\'M POT.3\'.d in the second reactor and 8.65 kg COD/\'M POT.3\'.d in the first reactor. The UASB reactors operation with the TSS concentration values of 5000 mg/L in the influent was prejudicing the sludge granulation process. The granules present a microbial morphology disperse distribution that doesn\'t characterize a layers defined distribution. The predominant metonogenic archeas were similar to Methanosaeta.
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Ariunbaatar, Javkhlan. "Methods to enhance anaerobic digestion of food waste." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1176/document.

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Le traitement des déchets alimentaires (FW) par digestion anaérobie peut conduire à une production d'énergie couplée à une réduction des émissions de volume et de gaz à effet de serre à partir de ce type de déchets. Néanmoins, l'obtention de la récupération du méthane la plus élevée possible dans un temps plus court avec un fonctionnement stable est difficile. Pour surmonter les obstacles de la MA de divers procédés de pré-traitement FW, la supplémentation en oligo-éléments, bioaugmentation utilisant la bouse des animaux de zoo et la comparaison des configurations de réacteurs, y compris une étape ou en deux réacteurs à cuve agités en continu (CSTR) et un réacteur à membrane anaérobie (AnMBR ) ont été étudiées dans le cadre de la présente recherche. Sur la base des résultats des expériences de traitement par lots, de pré-traitement thermique à 80 ° C pendant 1,5 heure cédés> 50% augmentation de la production de biométhane, et il a été trouvé à être plus économe en énergie que l'ozonation ou prétraitements de choc thermophiles. Parmi les différentes concentrations testées et les oligo-éléments, Fe (II) et Se (VI) des concentrations de 25 à 50 ug / L ont donné lieu à 39 et 35% d'augmentation de la production de biométhane, respectivement. Une meilleure solubilisation des protéines (6,96 ± 2,76% de plus) et de glucides récalcitrants (344,85 ± 54,31 mg / L par rapport à zéro) pourrait être obtenue avec bioaugmentation de girafe fumier (30% en volume), qui a donné un 11,24 ± 4,51% de plus production de biométhane. Un CSTR à deux étages avec digestat re-circulation de meilleurs résultats que d'un stade en raison de sa (i) une meilleure capacité d'auto-ajustement du pH; (ii) une plus grande résistance aux chocs de charge organique; (iii) de près de 100% de matières solides volatiles a été destryoed par rapport à 71% en CSTR une étape; (iv) 50 à 60% de teneur en méthane a été obtenu, alors qu'il était de 40 à 50% en une seule étape CSTR; (c) une petite quantité d'hydrogène a également été détectée à partir de la première étape du réacteur à deux étages qui en fait un système attrayant pour la production de biohythane. Bien que la séparation physique des méthanogènes rendus plus sensibles à des facteurs inhibiteurs, tels que l'ammonium et l'acide propionique. En outre, le temps de rétention hydraulique (HRT) est encore une chute de ces systèmes, d'où une AnMBR équipé d'une membrane de fluorure de vinylidène courant latéral a été proposé et exploité avec succès pour 100 d. Merci de membranes HRT a pu être réduite de 20 d à 1d, tout en conservant un rendement global d'élimination de> 97% de la demande en oxygène influent chimique (COD) et a abouti à une production de biogaz supérieure à 70% de teneur en méthane
Treatment of food waste by anaerobic digestion can lead to an energy production coupled to a reduction of the volume and greenhouse gas emissions from this waste type. Nevertheless, obtaining the highest possible methane recovery in a shorter time with a stable operation is challenging. To overcome the hurdles of AD of FW various pretreatment methods, supplementation of trace elements, bioaugmentation using zoo animals' dung and comparison of reactor configurations including one-stage and two-stage continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTR) as well as anaerobic membrane reactor (AnMBR) were studied in the scope of this research. Based on the results of the batch experiments, thermal pretreatment at 80°C for 1.5 hours yielded 46 – 52% higher biomethane production, and it is more energy efficient than ozonation or thermophilic shock pretreatments. Among the various tested concentrations and trace elements Fe (II) and Se (VI) concentrations of 25-50 ug/L resulted in 39 and 35% increase of biomethane production, respectively. A better solubilization of proteins (6.96 ± 2.76% more) and recalcitrant carbohydrates (344.85 ± 54.31 mg/L as compared to zero) could be obtained with bioaugmentation of giraffe dung (30% by volume), which yielded a 11.24 ± 4.51% higher biomethane production. A two-stage CSTR with digestate re-circulation performed better than one-stage with (i) a better pH self-adjusting capacity; (ii) a higher resistance to organic loading shocks; (iii) almost 100% volatile solids was destroyed as compared to 71% in one-stage CSTR; (iv) 50-60% methane content was obtained, while it was 40-50% in one-stage CSTR; (v) a small amount of hydrogen was also detected from the first stage of the two-stage reactor making it an attractive biohythane production system. Although physically separating the methanogens made them more sensitive to inhibitory factors, such as ammonium and propionic acid. Moreover, the long hydraulic retention time (HRT) is still the problem with these systems, hence an AnMBR equipped with a side-stream polyvinylidene fluoride membrane was proposed and a successful operation was achieved. Thanks to the membranes the HRT was able to be reduced from 20 d to 1d, while maintaining an overall removal efficiency of >97% of the influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) and yielded a higher biogas production with 70% methane content
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Yeshanew, Martha Minale. "Amélioration des rendements de traitement des déchets par digestion anaérobie : rôle d'un pré-traitement thermique et d'un traitement en bioréacteur en deux étapes." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1166.

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La digestion anaérobie est utilisée depuis près d’un siècle comme un traitement efficace des déchets organiques. L’intérêt de ce traitement en anaérobie est en essor, car il présente des avantages significatifs sur les traitements alternatifs biologiques et d’autres options d’élimination des déchets. Cette étude se focalise sur l’optimisation du processus de digestion anaérobie en utilisant deux stratégies différentes. La première vise à augmenter la biodégradabilité du substrat par un prétraitement thermique. La seconde technique repose sur l’utilisation d’un système de biofilms pour augmenter le taux de production de biogaz et minimiser la taille du réacteur.Les déchets alimentaires sont principalement utilisés comme substrat modèle de par leur composition, leur abondance et leur renouvellement. Dans ces travaux de thèse, l’influence de la température des prétraitements thermiques sur la solubilisation de la matière organique, ainsi que la production de méthane des déchets alimentaires sous différentes conditions ont été étudié. Une amélioration significative de la solubilisation et de la biodégradabilité des déchets alimentaires ont été observés pour tous les prétraitements thermiques sur les déchets alimentaires comparativement aux déchets non traités. La plus importante amélioration (28%) de la biodégradabilité a été observée pour les déchets alimentaires traités à la plus basse température de prétraitements (80°C). Les résultats montrent une corrélation forte entre le type de substrats (carbohydrate, protéines et teneur en lipides), la température de prétraitement thermique et son efficacité dans l’amélioration de la biodégradabilité.Dans une seconde partie, une opération prolongée d’un système intégré à deux étages, incluant une cuve agitée en continu et un réacteur à biofilm anaérobie a été réalisé pour produire du biohytane (biohydrogène et méthane) à partir de déchets alimentaires. Le réacteur à biofilm anaérobie a été utilisé pour remédier au lessivage de la biomasse du réacteur. La formation d’une biomasse mature et équilibrée a amélioré de façon importante la stabilité du processus, ce dernier n’ayant pas été affecté par un raccourcissement du temps de rétention hydraulique (HRT) de 6 à 3,7 jours dans le premier réacteur, et de 20 à 1,5 jours dans le second réacteur. De plus, le système à deux étages, constitué d’un pilote à l’échelle d’un batch pour la fermentation sombre et d’un réacteur à biofilm anaérobie, coproduisant de l’hydrogène et du méthane à partir de la fraction organique des déchets solide ménagers (OFMSW), a été utilisé afin de déterminer la capacité d’un réacteur à biofilm anaérobie à supporter un choc de charge organique. Les résultats montrent une récupération plus rapide du réacteur à biofilm anaérobie après un évènement de charge organique
Anaerobic digestion (AD) has been used over a century for an effective treatment of organic wastes. Interest in anaerobic treatment is continually increasing since it presents significant advantages when compared to alternative biological treatments and waste disposal options. This research study was mainly focused on optimization of the AD process, that was achieved through two different strategies. The first aimed at increasing the substrate biodegradability by a means of thermal pretreatment. The second was focused on the application of a biofilm based system to improve the biogas production rates and minimize the reactor size.Food waste (FW) was mainly used as a model substrate due to its suitable composition, abundance and renewability. In this thesis the influence of thermal pretreatment temperature on organic matter solubilization and methane yield of FW under different operational conditions was investigated. Significant improvement of the FW solubilization and biodegradability were observed for all thermally pretreated FW compared to the untreated FW. The highest biodegradability enhancement, i.e. + 28 %, was observed for FW treated at the lowest thermal pretreatment temperature, i.e. 80 ⁰C. The results showed a strong correlation between the substrate type (e.g. carbohydrate, protein and lipid content), the thermal pretreatment temperature and its effectiveness in promoting the biodegradability.In the second part of the work, a prolonged operation of an integrated two-stage system, including a continuously stirred tank and an anaerobic biofilm reactor, was carried out to produce biohythane (biohydrogen and methane) from the FW. The anaerobic biofilm reactor was employed to overcome the biomass wash-out from the reactor. The formation of a well-matured and balanced AD biomass greatly improved the process stability, which was not affected by shortening the hydraulic retention time (HRT) from 6 to 3.7 days in the first reactor and from 20 to 1.5 days in the second reactor. Moreover a two-stage system, comprised of a pilot scale batch dark fermenter and an anaerobic biofilm reactor co-producing hydrogen and methane from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW), was used to assess the capability of the anaerobic biofilm reactor to face an organic shock loads. The results showed a faster recovery of anaerobic biofilm reactor performance after the shock load events
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4

Ramos, Elsa Dolores Chacin. "Treatment characteristics of two phase anaerobic system using an UASB reactor." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.633074.

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During this project, the treatment of a simulated wastewater from soluble starch by a two-phase anaerobic system using an UASB reactor was examined under mesophilic conditions. Prior to seeding the reactors, the pregranulated sludge which was to be used as the inoculum for the acidogenic reactor, was acidified to pH 4.3, using a mixture of volatile fatty acids, to improve the spatial bacteria separation in the system. The two-phase system was studied, first under different organic loads and secondly, in terms of its resistance to the addition of heavy metals. For the first experimetal studies, different organic load were applied to the system, and changes to the microbial ecology of the acidogenic and the methanogenic phase was assessed. The biomass in the methanogenic reactor was mainly composed of fluorescent methanogenic bacteria. In the acidogenic reactor after the start-up period elapsed, no fluorescent bacteria were observed. Two different runs were performed and for each individual run, different OLR were used. For the first run, the organic loads applied to the system were from 3.83 to 30.63 kg COD/m3d, this gave organic loads for the methanogenic reactor of between 4.56 to 44.3 kg COD/m3d. In the second run, the OLR used were from 10 to 16.6 kg COD/m3d for the overall system, and from 13 to 23.35 kg COD/m3d for the methanogenic reactor. Organic loads greater than 15 kg COD/m3d, caused biomass wash-out from both the acidogenic and methanogenic reactor. The best COD removal efficiencies and gas production rates were achieved by the system under OLR of 13.31 kg COD/m3d, with pCOD removal efficiency of 95 % and methane production of 80.2 %. The biogas production was 0.33 m3CH4/kg COD removed. Under high applied organic load, the microbial population of the methanogenic reactor changed, and filamentous foaming bacteria were isolated both from the sludge and the foam that was produced. The species found to be responsible for the foam formation in the anaerobic methanogenic reactor was Microthrix parvicella, which was identified using the Neisser test and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). For the second part of this experimental work, copper and lead were used as toxic elements. These two heavy metals were choose due to the fact that they are subproducts of many industries and can cause significant environmental problems. Copper and lead were used as the acetates and chlorides to study the effect of these heavy metals when they were combined with different anions. It was found that the combination of copper and lead as chlorides were more toxic to the anaerobic treatment than when they were present as acetate. Also, it was found that the two heavy metals used were toxic to the acidogenic phase and not to the methanogenic phase.
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Chelliapan, Shreeshivadasan. "Treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater containing macrolide antibiotics by Up-Flow Anaerobic Stage Reactor (UASR)." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427280.

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Stampfli, John J. "Design of a two-stage multi-state experimental biogas reactor." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/127871.

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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, May, 2020
Cataloged from the official PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 23-25).
Anaerobic digestion is a process that breaks down waste and other feed materials and produces biogas. A biogas reactor, or anaerobic digester, is designed to conduct anaerobic digestion in a closed environment and to collect the produced biogas. This is an important field of study because biogas is a renewable energy source. If it can be produced more efficiently, it may become a feasible alternative source of green energy. This thesis outlines the design of a lab-scale experimental reactor with a large range of functionality. The design permits many different environmental conditions, allowing anaerobic digestion to be thoroughly studied with one setup.
by John J. Stampfli.
S.B.
S.B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering
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Magnusson, Björn. "Evaluation of pre-fermentation using confectionery waste products for two-stage anaerobic digestion." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-57469.

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The finite amount of energy carriers affects all of us. It is important to utilize all available sources and to find new sources of energy. The confectionery industry generates both solid and liquid waste during the production of confectioneries, which could be utilized as a substrate for biogas production. However, problems might arise during the biogas process since these kinds of waste are very rich in carbohydrates. The initial breakdown of the substrate would probably cause an accumulation of fermentation products such as volatile fatty acids (VFA) and a low pH. A solution to this might be to use a two-stage process. The first stage would be a pre-fermentation that should be optimized for production of fermentation products such as ethanol and VFA. The aim of this master thesis is to evaluate the biogas potential of confectionery waste products. The confectionery waste products are evaluated using a continuous two-stage process, batch experiments and theoretical calculations of the methane potential. The potential from process wastewater was examined. Depending on COD reduction for a reactor and COD content of process wastewater, an annual amount of 75 000 m3 or of 857 000 m3 of process wastewater is necessary to produce enough biogas for a gas engine to continuously convert the biogas to electricity. A batch experiment evaluating the methane production potential of nine different confectionery waste products from a large confectionery industry gave a range of 430 - 690 NmL/g VS, which is relatively high. A continuous experiment in two lab-scale reactors with a HRT of two days worked satisfactory. The gas production was stable periodically with a carbon dioxide content above 60%. The pH was low (3.4 - 3.6) throughout the experiment for one of the reactors. However, addition of digester sludge from a methane-producing reactor towards the end of the experiment resulted in a higher pH and more VFA available for utilization in the second stage. The main fermentation products were: acetic acid, lactic acid, ethanol and carbon dioxide. A second batch experiment showed that the methane potential was not affected by pre-fermentation. A carbon balance calculation of the process indicates that 57% of the ingoing organic matter is fermented within only two days and ends up in the known fermentation products. The study shows that confectionery waste products are well suited for two-stage anaerobic digestion.
Den ändliga mängden av energibärare påverkar oss alla. Det är därför viktigt att utnyttja alla tillgängliga men även att finna nya energibärare. Konfektyrindustrin generar restprodukter (avfall) både i fast och flytande form, vilka båda kan utnyttjas för produktion av biogas. Det kan dock uppstå problem i biogasprocessen eftersom dessa innehåller en stor mängd kolhydrater. Den initiala nedbrytningen kan ge upphov till en ackumulering av VFA och ett lågt pH. En lösning på detta problem kan vara att använda en två-stegs process. Första steget är en för-fermentering, som ska optimeras för att producera fermentationsprodukter så som etanol och VFA. Syftet med detta arbete är att utvärdera biogaspotentialen från konfektyrrestprodukter genom att använda en kontinuerlig två-stegs process, batchförsök och teoretiska beräkningar av metanpotentialen. Potentialen undersöktes från processvatten. Beroende på COD reduktion i en reaktor och COD innehåll i processvatten, är en årlig mängd av 75 000 m3 eller av 857 000 m3 processvatten nödvändig för att producera en tillräcklig mängd biogas så att en gasmotor kontinuerligt kan omvandla biogasen till elektricitet. Ett batchförsök med nio olika restprodukter från en storskalig konfektyrproducent visade en relativt hög metanpotential (430 - 690 NmL/g VS). Ett kontinuerligt reaktorexperiment genomfördes i laboratorieskala med två reaktorer, där uppehållstiden var två dagar. De två för-fermenteringsreaktorerna presterade tillfredsställande. Gasproduktionen var periodvis stabil med en koldioxidhalt över 60%. pH var lågt (3,4 och 3,6) genom hela experimentet för en av reaktorerna. För den andra reaktorn gjordes tillsatser av reaktormaterial från en metanproducerande reaktor i slutet av experimentet. Dessa tillsatser ökade pH och totalmängden av VFA, som kan utnyttjas i det andra steget. Huvudfermentationsprodukterna är acetat, laktat, etanol och koldioxid. Ytterligare batchförsök visade att för-fermentation inte verkar påverka metanpotentialen för konfektyrrestprodukter. En kolbalans av processen indikerar att 57% av ingående kol återfinns i de kända fermentationsprodukterna inom två dagar. Studiens resultat visar att avfallsprodukter från konfektyrindustrin lämpar sig väl för två-stegs anaerob rötning.
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Kitsos, Haralambos Minas. "Development of a two-stage immobilized cell bioreactor for the production of methane from organic wastes." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11796.

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Merkle, Wolfgang [Verfasser], and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Jungbluth. "Two-stage high pressure anaerobic digestion for biomethane production / Wolfgang Merkle ; Betreuer: Thomas Jungbluth." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1141790173/34.

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Wang, Zhengjian. "Evaluation of a two stage anaerobic digestion system for the treatment of mixed abattoir wastes." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.561416.

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Books on the topic "Two stage anaerobic reactor"

1

Ramos, Elsa Dolores Chacin. Treatment characteristics of two phase anaerobic system using an UASB reactor. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1993.

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Wang, Z. Evaluation of a two stage anaerobic digestion system for the treatment of mixed abattoir wastes. Manchester: UMIST, 1996.

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Hussain, Zuilfaqar. Evaluation of a novel two stage anaerobic digester aimedatovercoming ammonia toxicity problems in the treatment ofhighnitrogen content waste materials. Manchester: UMIST, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Two stage anaerobic reactor"

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Hansen, C. L., and S. H. Hwang. "Two Stage Controlled Anaerobic Bio-Reactor for Digesting Mixed Dairy Waste." In Developments in Food Engineering, 1005–7. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2674-2_329.

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Olguín-Lora, P., and O. Monroy-Hermosillo. "Modelling a Two-Stage Anaerobic Digestion Process." In Environmental Biotechnology, 569–78. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1435-8_50.

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Mohan, Gayathri Ram, Patrick Dube, Alex MacFarlene, and Pratap Pullammanappallil. "Comparison of Two Stage Mesophilic and Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion of OFMSW." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 47–58. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118585160.ch5.

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Daun, G., H. Lenke, F. Desiere, H. Stolpmann, J. Warrelmann, M. Reuss, and H. J. Knackmuss. "Biological Treatment of TNT-Contaminated Soil by a Two-Stage Anaerobic/Aerobic Process." In Soil & Environment, 337–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0415-9_79.

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Romli, M., J. Keller, P. L. Lee, and P. F. Greenfield. "The Effect of Concentration and Hydraulic Shock Loads on the Performance of a Two-Stage High-Rate Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment System: Prediction and Validation." In Advances in Bioprocess Engineering, 379–84. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0641-4_50.

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Mullai, P., Eldon R. Rene, Hung Suck Park, and P. L. Sabarathinam. "Adaptive Network Based Fuzzy Interference System (ANFIS) Modeling of an Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment Process." In Handbook of Research on Industrial Informatics and Manufacturing Intelligence, 252–70. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0294-6.ch011.

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The successful operation of a high-rate anaerobic reactor, up flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor depends on the prevailing physico-chemical and biological conditions during its operation. The wastewater characteristics and composition, the hydrodynamics of the process, and microbial activity are critical for achieving long term, optimal reactor performance. Modeling UASBs can be beneficial for design, prediction, and control purposes. This chapter provides sufficient background information on the different biochemical stages of anaerobic treatment, viz., hydrolysis of biodegradable solids, acetogenesis and methanogenesis, the working of a UASB reactor, and some insight into mechanistic modeling of UASBs. The application of neural networks, and a conceptual neural fuzzy model, i.e., adaptive network based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), to model the performance of UASB is systematically outlined in this chapter.
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Hassan, Siti Roshayu Binti, Mohamad Johari Abu, and Irvan Dahlan. "Industrial Wastewater Treatment." In Handbook of Research on Resource Management for Pollution and Waste Treatment, 318–38. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0369-0.ch014.

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The development of effective and simple methods for treating wastewater is a challenging task for environmental engineers. In this chapter, a novel modified anaerobic hybridized baffled (MAHB) bioreactor, which is a combination of regular suspended-growth and fixed biofilm systems together with the modification of baffled-reactor configurations, was proven to be a modest bioreactor for wastewater treatment rather than the commercial anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR). The significant advantages of this bioreactor were its ability to nearly realize the multi-stages anaerobic theory, allowing different bacterial groups to develop under more favourable conditions, reduced sludge bed expansion, no special gas or sludge separation required, and high stability to organic and toxic shock loads. The compartmentalization of this bioreactor results in a buffering zone between the primary acidification zone and active methanogenesis zone, and provided the strong ability to resist shock loads which broaden the usage of multi-phase anaerobic technology for industrial wastewater treatment.
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Shin, Hang-Sik, and Dong-Hoon Kim. "A Two-Stage Fermentation Process Converting Waste and Wastewater to Hydrogen and Methane." In Environmental Anaerobic Technology, 345–63. IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9781848165434_0016.

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O-Thong, Sompong, Chonticha Mamimin, and Poonsuk Prasertsan. "Biohythane Production from Organic Wastes by Two-Stage Anaerobic Fermentation Technology." In Advances in Biofuels and Bioenergy. InTech, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.74392.

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Flamming, James J., Largus T. Angenent, Shihwu Sung, and Richard R. Dague. "Treatability of Two Different Industrial Wastewater Streams Using the Anaerobic Migrating Blanket Reactor." In Proceedings of the 52nd INDUSTRIAL WASTE CONFERENCE May 5–7, 1997, 289–303. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780367813291-38.

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Conference papers on the topic "Two stage anaerobic reactor"

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Hassan, Gamal, Mohamed Azab El-Liethy, Fatma El-Gohary, Sherien Elagroudy, Mohamed Abo-Aly, and Isam Janajreh. "Two-stage Anaerobic Upflow Biofilm Reactor for Simultaneous Hydrogen and Methane Production from Food Waste." In 2018 6th International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irsec.2018.8702993.

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Zhang, Z. J., C. H. Xu, T. Zhu, T. Nozaki, L. L. Zhao, and K. Morita. "Anaerobic Treatment Piggery Wastewater in an Integrated Two-phase Anaerobic Reactor." In 2007 2nd IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciea.2007.4318539.

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Duan, Zhaoyang, and Costas Kravaris. "Robust stabilization of a two-stage anaerobic bioreactor system." In 2017 IEEE 56th Annual Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2017.8263954.

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Wang, Wei, Hong-jun Han, Hui-qiang Li, and Fang Fang. "Treatment of Coal Chemical Wastewater by Two-Stage Anaerobic Process." In 2010 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/appeec.2010.5448392.

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Simeonov, Ivan, Venelin Hubenov, and Elena Chorukova. "Renewable energy from two-stage anaerobic digestion of organic wastes." In 2021 17th Conference on Electrical Machines, Drives and Power Systems (ELMA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/elma52514.2021.9503067.

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Iriani, Purwinda, Sri Utami, and Yanti Suprianti. "Biomethanation of tofu liquid waste using two-stage anaerobic fermentation system." In THE 8TH ANNUAL BASIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE: Coverage of Basic Sciences toward the World’s Sustainability Challanges. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5062722.

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Albini, Elena, Isabella Pecorini, Alessandro Bianchini, and Giovanni Ferrara. "Energy recovery from bio-fuel production through two-stage anaerobic co-digestion process." In SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATERIAL SCIENCE, SMART STRUCTURES AND APPLICATIONS: ICMSS-2019. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5138737.

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Trisakti, Bambang, Irvan, Intan Zahara, Taslim, and Muhammad Turmuzi. "Effect of agitation on methanogenesis stage of two-stage anaerobic digestion of palm oil mill effluent (POME) into biogas." In INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLICATION OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2016 (ISFAChE 2016): Proceedings of the 3rd International Seminar on Fundamental and Application of Chemical Engineering 2016. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4982278.

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Elizabeth W Collins, Jactone Arogo Ogejo, and Andrea King. "Evaluation of an On-Farm Two Stage Anaerobic Digester for Biogas/Biomethane production from Dairy Manure." In 2012 Dallas, Texas, July 29 - August 1, 2012. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.41732.

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Chen, Guanyi, Qiang Li, Xiaoyang Lv, Na Deng, and Lifei Jiao. "Production of Hydrogen-Rich Gas Through Pyrolysis of Biomass in a Two-Stage Reactor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53582.

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Biomass is quite abundant in the world, particularly in some countries like China. China has large quantities of straw and/or stalk-origin biomass resources and the attention is currently being paid to the exploitation of these resources to produce energy products via different technical solutions, among of which pyrolysis of biomass to produce hydrogen-rich gas is very promising as hydrogen is a very clear energy carrier. In this work, pyrolysis of rice straw, corn stalk and sawdust was carried out in a two-stage reactor (the first-stage reactor is a conventional fixed-bed pyrolyser, and the second-stage reactor is a catalytic fixed bed) to produce hydrogen-rich gas. The effect of catalytic bed on the pyrolysis behaviour have been investigated, with the emphasis on final product particularly hydrogen. The operation of the catalytic reactor appears significant in promoting biomass pyrolysis towards the production of gaseous products, especially hydrogen. At 750°C of the pyrolyser with rice straw as fuel, the use of the catalytic bed leads to the increases of gas yield from 0.41 Nm3/kg to 0.50 Nm3/kg, approximately 22% increase, and of H2 concentration from 33.79% to 50.80% in volume, approximately 50.3% increase, respectively. Compared with calcined dolomite, fresh nickel-based catalyst shows stronger catalytic effect on the pyrolysis of rice straw as its use in the catalytic bed results in the increase of gas yield from 0.41 Nm3/kg to 0.56 Nm3/kg, approximately 36.6% increase, and the increase of H2 concentration from 33.79% to 59.55% in volume, approximately 76.2% increase. Furthermore, two catalysts follow the same trend for the pyrolysis of corn stalk and sawdust. At temperature of 815°C, catalysts also follow the same trend. Catalytic bed can significantly reduce the level of tar which is carried out with the producer gas, to less than 1% of original level. Catalyst load or gas space velocity (hourly) has the influence on the gas yield and H2 concentration. 30% of load, i.e. gas space velocity (hourly) 0.9 × 104 h−1, appears reasonable. Beyond that, gas yield and H2 concentration remain almost unchanged.
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Reports on the topic "Two stage anaerobic reactor"

1

Birdsell, S. A., and R. S. Willms. Tritium recovery from tritiated water with a two-stage palladium membrane reactor. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/463675.

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