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1

Ovid. Ovidio Metamorphoseos vulgare. Commissione per i testi di lingua, 2001.

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2

Gerald, Stone, ed. A dictionarie of the vulgar Russe tongue. Böhlau Verlag, 1996.

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3

N, Adams J. Pelagonius and Latin veterinary terminology in the Roman Empire. E.J. Brill, 1995.

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4

Hermeros, Claudius, and Eugen Oder. Mulomedicina chironis. Im Selbstverlag, 2011.

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5

Alessio, Gian Carlo, and Domenico Losappio. Le poetriae del medioevo latino. Edizioni Ca' Foscari, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-137-9.

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This book offers a reflection upon Medieval Latin artes poetriae and aims to spur the scientific debate on them by means of eleven papers written by internationally-kwown scholars. The essays investigate, according to different perspectives and in different ways, various aspects of the artes: their relations with other texts (Latin and vulgar), their fortune, their sources, the cultural contexts in which they were read and commented, and single authors’ reflections upon specific questions.
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6

Zamponi, Stefano, ed. Intorno a Boccaccio / Boccaccio e dintorni - 2018. Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-997-3.

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The volume ‘Intorno a Boccaccio/Boccaccio e dintorni 2018’ is the outcome of the international seminar held in Certaldo on September 6 and 7, 2018, promoted by the ENGB National Association (Ente Nazionale Giovanni Boccaccio) now at its fifth edition. The seminar is held annually and was born with the intent to giving voice to young scholars, who are invited to present their research, either concluded or current. The volume, alongside contributions on the Decameron, stands out for its attention towards other Latin and vulgar works by Boccaccio (Teseida, Genealogia deorum gentilium, De mulieribus claris, Epistolae) and for two contributions focused on the iconography of Decameron and Teseida.
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7

translator, Raffarin-Dupuis Anne editor, ed. Débats humanistes sur la langue parlée dans l'Antiquité. Les Belles Lettres, 2015.

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8

Paor, John Liam De. The earliest Irish glosses on the Pauline epistles: An edition of the text and glosses of Vulgate Manuscript E as found in Cambridge B.10.5. Herder, 2016.

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9

Anthimus, ed. Die deutsche Bearbeitung der Epistula Anthimi de observatione ciborum: Edition und Kommentar. Kümmerle, 2011.

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10

William, Birkin, ed. The tutor's assistant: Being a compendium of practical arithmetic for the use of schools or private students : containing, I. arithmetic in whole numbers ... II. vulgar fractions ... III. decimal fractions ... IV. duodecimals ... V. a collection of questions ... VI. a compendius system of book-keeping ... J. Johnson, 1986.

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11

William, Birkin, ed. The tutor's assistant: Being a compendium of practical arithmetic, for the use of schools or private students : containing, I. arithmetic in whole numbers ... II. vulgar fractions ... III. decimal fractions ... IV. duodecimals ... V. mensuration of superficies ... VI. a collection of questions ... VII. a compendius system of book-keeping ... Brewer, McPhail, 1986.

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12

MacLean, Allan B. Vulval pain. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198749547.003.0009.

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Vulval pain or pain involving the vulval tissue is discussed in Chapter 9. It becomes chronic when lasting for at least three months. Vulvodynia is a subset of chronic vulval pain, once known causes (infective, inflammatory, neoplastic, neurological, traumatic, iatrogenic and hormone deficiencies) are excluded. It reportedly affects one in six women at some stage of their lives. Uncertain terminology has hampered understanding. Even the latest classification from the International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease has deficiencies but it allows the discarding of previously used unhelpful terms. Differentiating features between provoked (entry dyspareunia), and unprovoked, localised and generalised, overlap, both in diagnosis and management. Older theories on causation included infection, irritation and inflammation but laboratory-based research has not supported these. Hormonal and neural mechanisms seem more likely to cause the pain, while the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors has recently gained credence. Publications on successful management demonstrate a powerful placebo effect. The role of specially designated vulval pain clinics, multidisciplinary approaches, and team working is emphasised. General measures in vulval care, such as wearing clothes made of natural fibre, using emollients or carrying out pelvic floor exercises besides reducing stress, can minimise the pain. Topical anaesthetic creams or systemic treatments with antidepressants or anti-epileptics have advocates. Treatment is most effective when careful selection, adequate counselling, and ongoing psychosomatic evaluation address all the interactive factors that initiate, and maintain vulval pain besides modulating patient response. Case scenarios illustrate the complexities of diagnosis and management.
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13

Hoskin, Peter. Vulva and vagina. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199696567.003.0014.

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Chapter 9b discusses carcinoma of the vulva, which is primarily a surgical disease best treated by wide surgical resection, radical vulvectomy, and inguinal lymph node dissection based on presenting stage. Rarely, locally advanced primary disease may be presented for primary radiotherapy treatment. Postoperative radiotherapy is recommended for tumours invading >7 mm in a vertical direction. The first station regional lymph nodes in the inguinal region are best treated by radical surgical dissection, but fixed inoperable lymph nodes may benefit from primary radiotherapy which may be followed where appropriate by surgery if there is a residual mass. Postoperative radiotherapy should be considered for women having more than one node involved with metastatic tumour at surgery. This must be balanced against the increased risk of lymphoedema where both surgery and radiotherapy are delivered to the groins. Chemoradiation using cisplatin or 5-FU/mitomycin C-based schedules has been reported but no randomized comparison with radiotherapy alone has been undertaken; whilst high response rates are seen there is a considerable increase in acute toxicity.
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14

Madeleine, Margaret M., and Lisa G. Johnson. Vulvar and Vaginal Cancers. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190238667.003.0049.

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Vulvar and vaginal cancers are rare and predominantly involve squamous cell carcinomas. Some studies combine these cancers, presumably because of their rarity, anatomic proximity, and shared risk factors. Major risk factors include human papillomavirus (HPV) and cigarette smoking. This chapter explores the similarities and important differences in etiology between these cancer sites. In addition to its focus on invasive cancer, the chapter also discusses high-grade precursor lesions, or in situ disease, that sometimes progress to cancer and must, therefore, be treated.
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15

Zuo, Mila. Vulgar Beauty. Duke University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478022718.

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In Vulgar Beauty Mila Zuo offers a new theorization of cinematic feminine beauty by showing how mediated encounters with Chinese film and popular culture stars produce feelings of Chineseness. To illustrate this, Zuo uses the vulgar as an analytic to trace how racial, gendered, and cultural identity is imagined and produced through affect. She frames the vulgar as a characteristic that is experienced through the Chinese concept of weidao, or flavor, in which bitter, salty, pungent, sweet, and sour performances of beauty produce non-Western forms of sexualized and racialized femininity. Analyzing contemporary film and media ranging from actress Gong Li’s post-Mao movies of the late 1980s and 1990s to Joan Chen’s performance in Twin Peaks to Ali Wong’s stand-up comedy specials, Zuo shows how vulgar beauty disrupts Western and colonial notions of beauty. Vulgar beauty, then, becomes the taste of difference. By demonstrating how Chinese feminine beauty becomes a cinematic invention invested in forms of affective racialization, Zuo makes a critical reconsideration of aesthetic theory.
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16

Verlinden, François. M163 A1/A2 Vulcan, M901 A2 Tow, M48 A2 Chaparral. Verlinden Publications, 1991.

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17

Grose, Captain Francis, and Francis Grose. A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue. bnpublishing.com, 2005.

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18

Goldstein, Cindy S. Tissue culture and plant regeneration from immature embryo explants of twenty-two genotypes of barley, Hordeum vulgare L. 1985.

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19

Cassidy, Jim, Donald Bissett, Roy A. J. Spence OBE, Miranda Payne, and Gareth Morris-Stiff. Head and neck cancers. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199689842.003.0021.

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Outlines the epidemiology, aetiology, pathology and metastatic patterns of the common gynaecological diseases. Includes ovarian, uterine, cervical, vulval and trophoblastic cancers. Guides to diagnosis, staging and planning therapy. Outlines surgical, radiotherapy and chemotherapy options for both early stage and metastatic disease. Highlights the common dilemmas in planning therapy in women of child bearing potential and older women with concurrent illneses.
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20

Aderinto, Saheed. “The Vulgar and Obscene Language”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038884.003.0003.

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This chapter focuses on adult prostitution and the physical, ethnic, and racial geography of sex work. In the view of moralists, adult prostitutes represented a different category of women believed to be in firm control of their sexuality, the financial resources they accrued from their activities, and how that money was spent. Prostitution was not only a profitable profession, it also directly and indirectly contributed to the colonial state's agenda of maintaining the city as a hotspot of migrants. As such, sex work mirrored the diversity of the colonial urban economy and consumption pattern of Lagosians. The chapter then looks at the activities of delinquent youth known in the urban dictionary as boma and jaguda boys and how their identity and behavior gave new connotations to prostitution as a profession that must be prohibited.
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21

Gunter, Jen. The Vagina Bible: The Vulva and the Vagina-Separating the Myth from the Medicine. Highbridge Audio and Blackstone Publishing, 2021.

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22

Ducange, Anglicus. Vulgar Tongue: Comprising Two Glossaries of Slang, Cant, and Flash Words and Phrases, Principally Used in London at the Present Day. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2023.

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23

Rhodes, Neil. Vulgar Italian and the Elizabethan Short Story. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198704102.003.0006.

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Early in the sixteenth century, Italy came to represent the cultural vanguard in Europe both in terms of new ideas and in offering a literary model of the vernacular. English visitors to Italy such as William Thomas and William Barker saw this in action at the Accademia Fiorentina where Giovanni Gelli lectured on Dante. The academy itself is a model for the principle of ‘vulgarization’ set out in the preface to Hoby's Courtier. This is put into practice in the first short-story collection in English, William Painter's Palace of Pleasure, which takes Boccaccio as its stylistic authority and in its tales of transgression acts as a primer of social possibility for English readers. These translations from Italian would themselves be translated for the stage, and two of the many spin-offs from Painter, by George Whetstone and George Pettie, point in the direction of the public and private theatres respectively.
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24

Bourdieu, Pierre. The Scientific Method and the Social Hierarchy of Objects. Edited by Thomas Medvetz and Jeffrey J. Sallaz. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199357192.013.10.

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In this short piece, which exemplifies his long-standing commitment to epistemic reflexivity, Bourdieu pinpoints one of the primary means of censorship in scientific disciplines: namely, the “social hierarchy of objects” dictating that certain objects be considered worthy of investigation (such that even redundant and scientifically insignificant accounts of these may yield “material and symbolic profits” for the researcher), while others are taken as trivial, vulgar, or otherwise unworthy. Reflecting on the “silence that enshrouds” the latter, Bourdieu sketches the broad outlines for a study of the division of scientific objects into categories like “noble or vulgar, serious or futile, interesting or trivial.” Underpinning this discussion is his unwavering commitment to the goal of scientific autonomy, which demands that scientists choose their objects based on scientific considerations alone, without regard for commercial, political, or cultural pressures, disciplinary fads and fashions, professional considerations, or other solicitations originating outside the scientific field.
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25

Negari, Shelly Ben-Harush, and Jessica A. Kahn. Human Papillomavirus. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190604813.003.0009.

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a ubiquitous, single-stranded DNA virus that is commonly sexually transmitted and an important cause of cervical cancer. Manifestations of infection in the perinatal and childhood periods are recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) and anogenital warts (AGWs). Children with respiratory papillomatosis most commonly develop papillomas in the larynx, but papillomas may develop in any location along the respiratory tract. Although RRP is rare, it is the most common benign neoplasm of the larynx among children and the second-most-frequent cause of childhood hoarseness. AGWs are uncommon in the perinatal period and typically benign. They may develop on the vulva, hymen, vagina, urethra, or perianal area in girls and on the perianal area in boys. The clinical manifestations, epidemiology, diagnostic studies, and management strategies pertinent to these infections are reviewed.
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26

Boyd, Barbara Weiden. Homeric Desires. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190680046.003.0009.

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Chapter 8 is devoted to Ovid’s two extended treatments of the Homeric Loves of Venus and Mars, found for the first time in Odyssey Book 8. The importance of repetition and formulaic compositional technique is central to the discussion, as Ovid repeats the Homeric tale in two very different settings and contexts. In Ars amatoria Book 2, the tale has an ostensibly didactic function that challenges Augustan mores, especially through its innovative portrayal of the consequences for Vulcan. In Metamorphoses Book 4, on the other hand, it contributes to a complex layering of inset stories that foreground Ovid’s desire to innovate upon Homeric narrative tradition.
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27

Putman, Shannon B. Cervicitis and Vulvovaginitis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199976805.003.0038.

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Cervicitis is inflammation and irritation of uterine cervix often caused by sexually transmitted infection (STI); it can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, endometritis, and pregnancy complications. Vulvovaginitis (inflammation of vagina and/or vulva with itching, erythema, and mucopurulent discharge) may or may not be related to STI. Sexually active women 25 years or younger with STIs should be offered empiric treatment for gonorrhea and chlamydia in addition to counseling regarding safe sex and testing for syphilis, HIV, and viral hepatitis at the time of presentation and prior to nucleic acid amplification testing results. Sexual partners of women testing positive for gonorrhea, chlamydia, or trichomoniasis should be informed and treated to prevent reinfection, with patients and their partners abstaining from intercourse until treatment is complete and symptoms resolve. High-risk patients with STI should be retested at 6 months given recurrent infection rates. Prophylaxis, vaccination, high degree of suspicion, and early intervention can help improve morbidity and mortality.
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28

Kruschwitz, Peter. Linguistic Variation, Language Change, and Latin Inscriptions. Edited by Christer Bruun and Jonathan Edmondson. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195336467.013.033.

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This chapter investigates Latin inscriptions that contain linguistic features which appear to stem from popular, as opposed to elite, usage and are rarely, if ever, found in Roman literary authors, unless these were explicitly seeking to mimic uneducated, semi-literate, or moronic people’s speech. Topics treated include: diastratic, diaphasic, and diatopic varieties of Latin, the now contested concept of “Vulgar Latin,” and the phonology, morphology, and syntax and semantics of such Latin inscriptions. The chapter traces the broader use of the Latin language than that found in the literary corpus and thus widens our understanding of what may be considered “standard” Latin.
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29

Arithmetick in epitome: Or, a compendium of all its rules, both vulgar and decimal. In two parts. To which are now added, clear and plain ... of arithmetick itself The fourth edition. Gale ECCO, Print Editions, 2010.

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30

Allen, William. 8. Satire. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199665457.003.0008.

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‘Satire’ traces the development of Roman satire from Lucilius in the 2nd century bc to Juvenal in the early 2nd century ad, showing how the targets of satire, and the personae adopted to attack them, reflect changing social and political contexts in republican and imperial Rome. It also considers how the narrative of decline, so popular in Roman thinking, contributes to the satirists' themes, and examines to what extent their criticisms of Roman society and literature reinforce cultural norms or challenge them. Roman satire ranged from erudite literary parody to the most vulgar abuse, but it is thanks to Juvenal that satire is seen as above all political, angry, and funny.
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31

Hoffmann, George. Background: Purging an Unreformed Past. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808763.003.0002.

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Reformation satire grew out of the humanist reinvigoration of classical models but abandoned their convivial tone when reformers targeted Roman Eucharistic worship. Insofar as the Eucharist symbolized the social body, attacks against it could only be understood by readers as attacks against themselves. Iconoclasm drove reformers to this measure because the doctrine of “real presence” authorized reformers’ (disputed) charges of Roman idolatry. Efforts to mock the consequences of this doctrine pushed satires to vulgar and scatological extremes. The result proved an inimical posture which invalidated these works’ purported claims to persuade readers, making them instead serve as rites of passage by which reformers assumed an antagonistic role with respect to moderate French Gallicans.
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32

Bons, Eberhard. Textual Criticism of the Prophetic Corpus. Edited by Carolyn J. Sharp. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199859559.013.7.

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This chapter provides an introduction to the essential issues, questions, and methods of textual criticism of the prophetic books of the Hebrew Bible (Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, the Twelve Minor Prophets). Particular focus is put on their major textual witnesses, i.e. the Masoretic Text (MT), the Septuagint as the oldest pre-Christian translation of the biblical text (LXX), the Qumran fragments of the prophetic corpus, and the Vulgate. The chapter confines itself to present basic text-critical issues of each of the books of Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and the Twelve Minor prophets. Attention is paid to new methods and procedures using a number of selected examples, each of which illustrates a specific category of problems.
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33

Boyd, Barbara Weiden. Homer’s Gods in Rome. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190680046.003.0010.

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Chapter 9 follows Venus, Mars, and Vulcan to Rome and examines Ovid’s reception of these Homeric divinities as the divine ancestors of the Roman people. Ovid’s internalization of Homeric repetition is complemented by distinctively Roman variations on the theme; the chapter therefore closes with a consideration of several other instances of Homeric resonance in Ovid that cluster around these gods. Two episodes in Fasti Book 3 are the focus, as Ovid figures Mars as an elegiac lover, whose repetitious desires reflect both his Homeric origins and his generative role in Roman tradition: the rape of Silvia, an instance of revisionist mythmaking in action; and the would-be seduction of Minerva, thwarted by the subversive Anna Perenna. Venus, meanwhile, although now transformed as genetrix, remains ever mindful of her Homeric wound (uulnus).
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34

Lal, Mira, ed. Clinical Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198749547.001.0001.

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The interplay between mind and body is a rapidly developing area of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, growing in prominence as many areas of medicine recognise the importance of understanding the physical, mental, and social aspects of complex conditions. Clinical Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology: A Patient-centred Biopsychosocial Practice is the fundamental work facilitating the management of women's disease conditions resulting from psychosomatic or mind-body interactions that are routinely encountered by clinicians. Authored by a world-renowned group of contributors who have led a transformative approach to the way services to women are approached, Clinical Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology comprehensively addresses the biological, psychological, social, and cultural factors leading to disease manifestations. Including methods for prevention, detection and treatment, the text is supported by > 30 clinical vignettes taken from real-life situations to support learning and guide clinical practice. Detailed chapters clarify the scientific basis of the clinical psychosomatic concept, prevention of morbidity and mortality from cancer or obesity, pregnancy, and childbirth, migraine and delivery, subfertility, premenstrual disorders, vulval pain, psycho-oncology, sexual health, and psychosomatic implications of migration and cultural issues, this title is a highly topical and much-needed guide to addressing clinical conditions that compromise women's health as well as their mental and social well-being.
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35

Paludi, Michele A., ed. The Praeger Handbook on Women’s Cancers. ABC-CLIO,LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216000389.

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Written by experts in psycho-oncology, this book synthesizes the findings of the latest research on women's cancers to empower women to make informed choices about treatment options. Each year, hundreds of thousands of women are diagnosed with cancer in the United States alone. The total number affected is larger still, comprising siblings, parents, partners, and children of these women. In this single-volume work, an international team of experts address the physical, medical, and psychological matters that are triggered by a diagnosis of having a form of "women's cancer" breast, cervical, endometrial, gestational, ovarian, uterine, vaginal, and vulvar being some of the more common. The handbook examines and explains each type of women's cancer, covering the specifics of incidence, diagnosis, treatment options, and more, providing an up-to-date guide for women and their families to assist in making informed choices about their treatment options. The book includes personal accounts from women who survived cancers and beat their emotional challenges, addresses myths versus realities regarding women's cancers, and covers relevant, related topics such as race, sexual orientation, religion, and cancer coping. Special attention is given to the impact of women's cancers on relationships, intimacy, and body image, as well as psychological factors such as anxiety, depression, and fear.
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36

Nothaft, C. Philipp E. The Consolidation of a Calendar-Reform Debate in the Thirteenth Century. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799559.003.0005.

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This chapter follows the story of calendar reform from the end of the twelfth to the end of the thirteenth century, showing how during this period the problem was popularized via two different categories of computus text: the pedagogically oriented ‘vulgar’ or ecclesiastical computus and the astronomically refined ‘philosophical’ computus. Authors whose contributions to the debate are looked at in greater detail include Alexander Neckam, John of Sacrobosco, Robert Grosseteste, Robert Holcot, Campanus of Novara, Giles of Lessines, and Roger Bacon, who is well known for having directed a reform appeal to Pope Clement IV (1265–8). Attention is also paid to an obscure group of Franciscan scholars active in the 1270s to 1290s, who are noteworthy for their knowledge of the Jewish calendar, and to an anonymous treatise of 1276, which contains the first fully developed proposal to restore the Roman calendar.
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37

Krans, Jan. Stronger than Fiction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806837.003.0004.

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The eventful career of the ‘Velesian readings’ constitute an instructive chapter in the history of New Testament exegesis. Around 1570, Pedro Fajardo, Marquis of los Vélez, jotted down some 2,000 variant readings in a printed New Testament, giving later researchers the impression that these annotations resulted from a persistent perusal of Greek manuscripts. The original annotated book was never found, but the Velesian readings found their way into many editions, for example Walton’s 1657 Polyglot. Eventually, the readings were shown to be retranslations from Latin into Greek, intended to vindicate the Latin Vulgate against the received Greek text. This chapter traces the role scholars played in their unmasking. It shows that variant readings were of paramount importance in theological controversy.
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38

Roesen, Tine, and Dirk Uffelmann, eds. Vladimir Sorokin's Languages. Dept. of Foreign Languages, University of Bergen, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.15845/sb.9.8.

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Since coming to the attention of a broader Russian public after the pro-Putin youth movement Walking Together stirred up a storm over Blue Lard in 2002, Vladimir Sorokin has indisputably become one of the most prominent and prolific writers in contemporary Russia, and remains surrounded by an aura of political dissent. The first book in English dedicated to Sorokin’s œuvre, this volume discusses language as the main focal point of his writing. The contributions focus on the multifaceted dimensions of language(s) and metalanguage(s) in Sorokin’s works, including archaisms and neologisms, foreign terms or intercultural stereotypes, colloquial and vulgar language, metadiscursive distance and the materialization of metaphors. The volume also includes a roundtable discussion on translation, in which Sorokin himself takes part.
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39

Newman, Steven. Shakespeare’s Popular Songs and the Great Temptations of Lesser Lyric. Edited by Jonathan Post. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199607747.013.0027.

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This chapter investigates how Shakespeare exploits the possibilities of popular song to foreground lyric’s capacity to condense affect, to model the absorption of his audiences, and to engage with conflicts over ‘the common’—the push of the common-as-vulgar and the pull of the common-as-universal. At the same moment that song collections are attempting to sort out elite lyric from low broadside, Shakespeare repeatedly draws on these lesser lyrics to ask his audiences what they share and what they do not with these singers and songs, and the warrants, real and fantastical, for those identifications and distinctions. These lyric dynamics are most apparent in the comedies (A Midsummer Night’s Dream and Twelfth Night) but also play a key role in history (2 Henry IV), tragedy (Hamlet), and romance (The Winter’s Tale).
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40

Ossa-Richardson, Anthony. The Naked Truth of Scripture. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806837.003.0006.

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Like his other works, André Rivet’s magnum opus, the Exercitationes on Genesis (1633), was born from religious controversies. It aimed to uncover the one and only Reformed truth of the biblical message, against the multiplicity of Catholic traditions and textual ambiguities. Exploring the hermeneutical limits of what the Bible could teach, Rivet defended the homogeneity and perspicuity of the Bible, slyly relying on Catholic scholars such as Benito Arias Montano to assert the primacy of the Hebrew Bible and the integrity of its text. Catholic scholars, on the other hand, attempted to account for possible discrepancies in the Vulgate. Both sides deemed themselves holy, and both arrogated Providence to the legitimation of their church and their preferred text. This is to say that textual criticism was ultimately guided by theological and confessional considerations.
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41

Diamond, James A. Postscript. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805694.003.0012.

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The conclusion of this book cursorily looks beyond it by reconvening the encounter between the protagonists of the preceding chapter. It would be blasphemous to consider the establishment of the State of Israel as somehow compensation, or in vulgar terms, a consolation prize for the devastation of the Shoah. However, it would also leave a gaping lacuna for any current Jewish philosophical theology not to at least attempt to theologically engage this radical historical transformation of Jewish existence. This postscript probes the question of how does Israel, a guarantor of Jewish physical survival, shape our future relationship with the Divine, while at the same time remaining cognizant of the brute historical fact of the Shoah that ruptured the continuum of Jewish philosophical theology and threatened its very viability?
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42

Gordon, Robert. “Old Situations, New Complications”. Edited by Robert Gordon. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195391374.013.0004.

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Forumrepresents an idiosyncratic attempt to reconcile the principles of musical comedy with Sondheim’s avowed preference for writing integrated musical drama. The sources of its plot in Roman farce become a pretext for a camp pastiche of the vulgar clichés of American burlesque and vaudeville. By analyzing the dramaturgical function of the individual songs, the chapter illustrates the various ways in which their evocation of the thought processes of type characters motivates the causal logic of the plot. The ingenuity of their placement and form is shown to shape the mood and pace of the action, while their stylistic cleverness is revealed as an enhancement of the metatheatricality of Shevelove and Gelbart’s book, producing a play of self-reflexive ironies that foreshadows Sondheim’s later experiments with the nonlinear structure of the postmodern musical.
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43

Beissinger, Margaret, Speranţa Rădulescu, and Anca Giurchescu, eds. Manele in Romania. The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5040/9798881815134.

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This edited volume examines manele (sing. manea), an urban Romanian song-dance ethnopop genre that combines local traditional and popular music with Balkan and Middle Eastern elements. The genre is performed primarily by male Romani musicians at weddings and clubs and appeals especially to Romanian and Romani youth. It became immensely popular after the collapse of communism, representing for many the newly liberated social conditions of the post-1989 world. But manele have also engendered much controversy among the educated and professional elite, who view the genre as vulgar and even “alien” to the Romanian national character. The essays collected here examine the “manea phenomenon” as a vibrant form of cultural expression that engages in several levels of social meaning, all informed by historical conditions, politics, aesthetics, tradition, ethnicity, gender, class, and geography.
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44

Dicker, Georges. Hume on the External World. Edited by Paul Russell. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199742844.013.10.

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Like Descartes, Locke, and Berkeley before him, Hume propounds a theory of the external world or of what, in his case, is better called belief in the existence of body. The success or failure of his discussion rests not on any conclusion reached about the status of this belief—its reasonableness or unreasonableness, its truth or falsity--but only on whether, in accordance with his purpose of providing a “science of MAN,” his explanation of why we have the belief is convincing. Furthermore, Hume identifies two versions of the belief: an ordinary or “vulgar” version that we all hold until we confront the arguments that demonstrate its falsity and a “philosophical” version that we are driven to by those arguments but that has no rational foundation. This chapter analyzes Hume’s treatment of both versions and offers an internal criticism as well as some criticism from the standpoint of contemporary analytic philosophy.
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45

McDonald, Grantley. The Johannine Comma from Erasmus to Westminster. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806837.003.0003.

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This chapter reconstructs the way early sixteenth-century humanists dealt with a textual corruption in the biblical text, the Comma Johanneum (1 John 5:7–8). The passage served as locus probandi for the doctrine of Holy Trinity, but before the fourteenth century it did not appear in versions of the New Testament other than the Latin Vulgate. In his Greek edition of the New Testament (1516) Erasmus noted the absence of the Comma and consequently omitted the passage. Critics accused him of promoting Arian heresy and promptly presented him with a Greek codex which did contain the contested lines. Besides the origin of this ‘Codex Montfortianus’, the debates caused by Erasmus’ edition are described in order to show how the passage remained a raw nerve for Roman Catholic and Reformed orthodoxy.
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46

McDowell, Nicholas. Rabelaisian Comedy and Satire. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199580033.003.0018.

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This chapter discusses the influence of François Rabelais in English literary culture. It looks at this impact on earlier English prose narrative and fiction of Rabelais' loosely related tales of gluttonous, bibulous giants and their fantastic adventures, collectively known as Gargantua and Pantagruel (1532–64). ‘Rabelaisian’ is of course an adjective which in both criticism and common linguistic currency has become detached from its literary and authorial origins to become an alternative term for the ‘bawdy’, the ‘vulgar’, and the ‘earthily humorous’. The chapter shows the process beginning from the moment the term is coined to describe an author's character rather than appraise their literary style, evoking a sensibility healthily drawn to festivity and indulgence but also somewhat at odds with Christian decency. The generality of the term has doubtless contributed to the vagueness of much critical discussion.
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Borrut, Antoine. The Future of the Past. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190498931.003.0009.

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Writing the history of the first centuries of Islam poses thorny methodological problems, because our knowledge rests upon narrative sources produced later in Abbasid Iraq. The creation of an “official” version of the early Islamic past (i.e., a vulgate), composed contemporarily with the consolidation of Abbasid authority in the Middle East, was not the first attempt by Muslims to write about their origins. This Abbasid-era version succeeded when previous efforts vanished, or were reshaped, in rewritings and enshrined as the “official” version of Islamic sacred history. Attempts to impose different historical orthodoxies affected the making of this version, as history was rewritten with available materials, partly determined by earlier generations of Islamic historians. This essay intends to discuss a robust culture of historical writing in eighth-century Syria and to suggest approaches to access these now-lost historiographical layers torn between memory and oblivion, through Muslim and non-Muslim sources.
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Benz, Ernest. Escaping Malthus: Population Explosion and Human Movement, 1760–1884. Edited by Helmut Walser Smith. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199237395.013.0009.

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This article focuses the theory of Malthus and the arguments of his Essay on the Principle of Population. This famous essay colored the thinking and actions of nineteenth-century householders and policy-makers. Vulgar Malthusian ideology missed the mark through an over-simplification of complex human behaviour, but general practice embodied his norms from 1760 to 1884. Even as the accuracy of the Malthusian model waned in terms of his description of marriage and reproduction at the end of the 1800s, its hold on the popular imagination persisted. Malthus bewitched the people with a picture. In 1798 Malthus proffered a schematic objection to their blueprints for perfecting humanity. Malthus postulated that the ‘passion between the sexes’ could unleash human ‘prolifick powers’ to reproduce at geometric rates, while technology generated merely arithmetic increases in the quantities of food necessary for human survival. An analysis of Malthusianism in practice concludes this article.
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Kailuweit, Rolf, and Vanessa Tölke, eds. TangoMedia. Rombach Wissenschaft, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783968216478.

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Initially conceived as a form of music and dance with vulgar connotations, tango emerged in the large cities located in the River Plate region in Argentina and Uruguay in the late 19th century. Brought to the public’s attention via early forms of the media (records, the radio and film), tango established itself in Europe before finding a mass audience in the region in which it originated from the 1930s to the 1950s. Tango’s revival in Europe in the 1980s also reignited its popularity in the River Plate region. Tango is a media product that pervades all social strata and transcends both regional and national borders. It’s not only the music and the dance itself that have turned tango into a pop-cultural phenomenon, but its music’s lyrics, the visual imagery it creates and its specific character. This book examines tango’s historical, social and media dimensions in 13 contributions.
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Nicholson, Catherine. Commonplace Shakespeare. Edited by Jonathan Post. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199607747.013.0002.

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Appearing in 1609, the quarto editions of Troilus and Cressida and Shake-speares Sonnets offer contradictory lessons in the twin economies of literature and sex. Both are prefaced by boasts of their unsullied novelty: Troilus is ‘a new play, neuer stal’d with the Stage, neuer clapper-clawd with the palmes of the vulgar’; the Sonnets are poems ‘neuer before imprinted’. At the same time, each invites its readers to recognize—and value—the familiarity of what they contain: words whose richness inheres in their resemblance to what has already been said and written by others. These competing models of literary value parallel a debate within each text about the objects of erotic desire, which either thrive on ‘increase’ or wither as they grow common. Critical responses to Troilus and the Sonnets tend to recapitulate that debate, revealing a continuous thread of anxiety about the incommensurable values on which poetic (and sexual) reputations are founded.
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