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1
Al-Fandi, Audai. "Symmetric Volatile Shared Key Encryption: A Two-way Communication Shared Key Encryption." Mathematics and Computer Science 2, no. 3 (2017): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.mcs.20170203.11.
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Duffy, Margaret E. "There's no two‐way symmetric about it: A postmodern examination of public relations textbooks." Critical Studies in Media Communication 17, no. 3 (September 2000): 294–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15295030009388397.
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Ellingsen, Tore, and Robert Östling. "When Does Communication Improve Coordination?" American Economic Review 100, no. 4 (September 1, 2010): 1695–724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.100.4.1695.
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We study costless pre-play communication of intentions among inexperienced players. Using the level-k model of strategic thinking to describe players' beliefs, we fully characterize the effects of preplay communication in symmetric 2×2 games. One-way communication weakly increases coordination on Nash equilibrium outcomes, although average payoffs sometimes decrease. Two-way communication further improves payoffs in some games but is detrimental in others. Moving beyond the class of symmetric 2 × 2 games, we find that communication facilitates coordination in common interest games with positive spillovers and strategic complementarities, but there are also games in which any type of communication hampers coordination. (JEL C72, D83)
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Kriyantono, Rachmat, Abdul Allam Amrullah, and Nia Asthon Destrity. "The Model of Public Relations Practices in Indonesia." GATR Global Journal of Business and Social Science Review (GJBSSR) Vol.5(3) Jul-Sep 2017 5, no. 3 (July 10, 2017): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2017.5.3(22).
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Objective - This research aims to compare the government public relations with business public relations in Indonesia. The research proves the hypothesis that either government or business public relations in Indonesia have already applied symmetric model on their communication activities. Methodology/Technique - A national survey involves 160 practitioners of government and business public relations. The research reinforces Grunig and Hunt's model of public relations that business public relations tends practice two-way symmetrical communication. On the other hands, the research also differs with Grunig and Hunt's model that government public relations tend to apply public information model. Findings - It is concluded that both government and business public relations in Indonesia have implemented two-way communication models. The findings have confirmed that public relations practices have grown along with the development of democracy in Indonesia. Novelty - The research contributes to develop scientific knowledge in public relations study and practices. Type of Paper: Empirical Keywords: Business Public Relations; Democracy; Government Public Relations; Indonesia; Public Relations Model; Symmetric Model; Transparency of Public Information. JEL Classification: H11, H83.
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ENGLERT, BERTHOLD-GEORG, FANG-WEI FU, HARALD NIEDERREITER, and CHAOPING XING. "CODES FOR KEY GENERATION IN QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY." International Journal of Quantum Information 03, supp01 (November 2005): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749905001286.
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As an alternative to the usual key generation by two-way communication in schemes for quantum cryptography, we consider codes for key generation by one-way communication. We study codes that could be applied to the raw key sequences that are ideally obtained in recently proposed scenarios for quantum key distribution, which can be regarded as communication through symmetric four-letter channels.
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Chen, H.-K., and T.-N. Lin. "Synchronization of chaotic symmetric gyros by one-way coupling conditions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 217, no. 3 (March 1, 2003): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440603762869993.
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A simple satellite is a symmetric gyro. Satellites are used for communications, weather forecasts, surveying and in several other scientific and military applications. In particular, for military use secure communications are very important. As chaotic signals are usually broadband and noise like, synchronized chaotic systems can be used as cipher generators for secure communication. This paper presents chaos synchronization of two identical chaotic motions of symmetric gyros. It has been demonstrated that applying four different kinds of one-way coupling conditions can synchronize two identical chaotic systems. The sign of the sub-Liapunov exponent has been used as an indicator for the occurrence of chaos synchronization. It has also been found that when chaos synchronization occurs the positive major sub-Liapunov exponent transverses the zero value and becomes negative for the last time. Chaos synchronization can also be shown by phase trajectory. In addition, synchronization time is also examined. Furthermore, it has been found that different distances of the initial conditions between the master system and slave system do not affect the occurrence of chaos synchronization.
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KAMIJO, YOSHIO. "A TWO-STEP SHAPLEY VALUE FOR COOPERATIVE GAMES WITH COALITION STRUCTURES." International Game Theory Review 11, no. 02 (June 2009): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219198909002261.
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In this paper, we study cooperative games with coalition structures. We show that a solution concept that applies the Shapley value to games among and within coalitions and in which the pure surplus that the coalition obtains is allocated among the intra-coalition members in an egalitarian way, is axiomatized by modified axioms on null players and symmetric players and the usual three axioms: efficiency, additivity and coalitional symmetry. In addition to the original definition, we give two expressions of this solution concept. One is an average of modified marginal contributions and the other is the weighted Shapley value of a game with restricted communication.
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Demichelis, Stefano, and Jörgen W. Weibull. "Language, Meaning, and Games: A Model of Communication, Coordination, and Evolution." American Economic Review 98, no. 4 (August 1, 2008): 1292–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.98.4.1292.
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Language is a powerful coordination device. We generalize the cheap-talk approach to pre-play communication by way of introducing a meaning correspondence between messages and actions, and by postulating two axioms met by natural languages. Players have a lexicographic preference, second to material payoffs, against deviating from the meaning correspondence. Under two-sided communication in generic and symmetric n × n-coordination games, a Nash equilibrium component in such a lexicographic communication game is evolutionarily stable if and only if it results in the unique Pareto efficient outcome of the underlying game. We extend the analysis to one-sided communication in arbitrary finite two-player games. (JEL C72, C73, Z13)
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Khovrak, Inna. "The role of communication tools of the corporate social responsibility strategy for building effective dialogue with stakeholders." Ukrainian society 2019, no. 3 (2019): 92–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/socium2019.03.092.
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Communication on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) can be based on unilateral communication, in which stakeholders are “passive listeners”. However, more effective is a bilateral interaction that engages stakeholders in the communication process while developing and implementing a CSR strategy, enabling establishment of the dialogue. That is why the objective of the study is to reasonably expose the impact of the communication toolkit of implementing the CSR strategy on establishing dialogue with stakeholders. The author develops an algorithm for organizing a stakeholder communication process that takes into account communication barriers at each stage: creation, encoding, transmission, receiving, decoding and responding. The internally-oriented, externally-oriented and universal communication tools of CSR strategy implementation are characterized. The functions of the communication toolkit of CSR strategy implementation are systematized: informational, contact, educational, interpretative, emotional, holistic, mobilizing, strategic, preventive. The author compared CSR communication strategies (one-sided, two-way asymmetric and two-way symmetric) according to the following criteria: the achievement of communication ideal: transfer and joint creation of CSR meaning, stakeholder needs, the role of stakeholder, method of determining CSR priorities, strategic goals for establishing communications, third-party approval of the CSR strategy. Much attention is paid to specifying forms of indirect and direct communication, as well as to the analysis of their relevance to the main CSR communication strategies. It is established that the identification of stakeholders is an important part of CSR communication, which is why the author summarizes main forms and the result of interaction with them. It is justified that effective interaction with stakeholders holds a dialogue capable of identifying existing problems and jointly formulating ways to solve them.
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Kasza, Péter, Péter Ligeti, and Ádám Nagy. "Siren: Secure data sharing over P2P and F2F networks." Studia Scientiarum Mathematicarum Hungarica 52, no. 2 (June 2015): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/012.2015.52.2.1316.
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In this paper we propose a decentralized privacy-preserving system which is able to share sensible data in a way, that only predefined subsets of authorized entities can recover the data after getting an additional alarm message. The protocol uses two main communication channels: a P2P network where the encrypted information is stored, and a smaller private P2P network, which consists of the authorized parties called friend-to-friend network. We describe the communication protocol fulfilling the desired security requirements. The proposed protocol achieves unconditional security. The main cryptographic building blocks of the protocol are symmetric encryption schemes and secret sharing schemes.
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Passerini, Federico, and Andrea M. Tonello. "Secure PHY Layer Key Generation in the Asymmetric Power Line Communication Channel." Electronics 9, no. 4 (April 2, 2020): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9040605.
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Leakage of information in power line communication (PLC) networks is a threat to privacy and security. A way to enhance security is to encode the transmitted information with the use of a secret key. If the communication channel exhibits common characteristics at both ends and these are unknown to a potential eavesdropper, then it is possible to locally generate a common secret key at the two communication ends without the need for sharing it through the broadcast channel. This is known as physical layer key generation. To this aim, known techniques have been developed exploiting the transfer function of symmetric channels. However, the PLC channel is in general not symmetric, but just reciprocal. Therefore, in this paper, we first analyze the characteristics of the channel to verify whether physical layer key generation can be implemented. Then, we propose two novel methods that exploit the reciprocity of the PLC channel to generate common information by the two intended users. This information is processed through different quantization techniques to generate secret keys locally. To assess the security of the generated keys, we analyze the spatial correlation of PLC channels. This allows verifying whether the eavesdropper’s channels are weakly correlated with the intended users’ channel. Consequently, it is found that the information leaked to a possible eavesdropper has very low correlation to the locally generated key. The analysis and proposed methods are validated on a measurement dataset.
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Gallego, Inés, Julio R. Fernández, Andrés Jiménez-Losada, and Manuel Ordóñez. "A Symmetric Banzhaf Cooperation Value for Games with a Proximity Relation among the Agents." Symmetry 12, no. 7 (July 20, 2020): 1196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12071196.
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A cooperative game represents a situation in which a set of agents form coalitions in order to achieve a common good. To allocate the benefits of the result of this cooperation there exist several values such as the Shapley value or the Banzhaf value. Sometimes it is considered that not all communications between players are feasible and a graph is introduced to represent them. Myerson (1977) introduced a Shapley-type value for these situations. Another model for cooperative games is the Owen model, Owen (1977), in which players that have similar interests form a priori unions that bargain as a block in order to get a fair payoff. The model of cooperation introduced in this paper combines these two models following Casajus (2007). The situation consists of a communication graph where a two-step value is defined. In the first step a negotiation among the connected components is made and in the second one players inside each connected component bargain. This model can be extended to fuzzy contexts such as proximity relations that consider leveled closeness between agents as we proposed in 2016. There are two extensions of the Banzhaf value to the Owen model, because the natural way loses the group symmetry property. In this paper we construct an appropriate value to extend the symmetric option for situations with a proximity relation and provide it with an axiomatization. Then we apply this value to a political situation.
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Firdaus, Ilham, Asmawi Asmawi, and Asrinaldi Asrinaldi. "Proses Diseminasi Informasi Tentang Pemilihan Kepala Daerah (Pilkada) Kota Padang Tahun 2018 Dalam Rangka Meningkatkan Partisipasi Pemilih." Jurnal Darussalam: Jurnal Pendidikan, Komunikasi dan Pemikiran Hukum Islam 11, no. 1 (September 20, 2019): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30739/darussalam.v11i1.450.
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This research describes and analyzes the communication model carried out in the implementation of the process of disseminating the election of the Regional Head (Pilkada) of the City of Padang in 2018 in order to increase voter participation. This study uses the concept of excellence theory according to Grunig and Hunt, were in increasing voter participation in regional elections can be seen from various models, namely first: the press agentry model Second: public information Third: two way asymmetric and fourth: two way symmetric. This research uses the post-positivism research paradigm with qualitative methods and the type of case study approach. The process of data collection is done through interviews and documentation. The results showed that election dissemination carried out by one-way method, media, and face-to-face with emphasis on dialogue as a model of communication conducted turned out to be able to deliver messages to the effect to the community. Therefore, the message of the election delivered uses a cultural approach that was built by prioritizing face-to-face and media as an effort to increase community participation in regional elections.
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Hsu, Bi-Min. "Braille Recognition for Reducing Asymmetric Communication between the Blind and Non-Blind." Symmetry 12, no. 7 (June 30, 2020): 1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12071069.
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Assistive braille technology has existed for many years with the purpose of aiding the blind in performing common tasks such as reading, writing, and communicating with others. Such technologies are aimed towards helping those who are visually impaired to better adapt to the visual world. However, an obvious gap exists in current technology when it comes to symmetric two-way communication between the blind and non-blind, as little technology allows non-blind individuals to understand the braille system. This research presents a novel approach to convert images of braille into English text by employing a convolutional neural network (CNN) model and a ratio character segmentation algorithm (RCSA). Further, a new dataset was constructed, containing a total of 26,724 labeled braille images, which consists of 37 braille symbols that correspond to 71 different English characters, including the alphabet, punctuation, and numbers. The performance of the CNN model yielded a prediction accuracy of 98.73% on the test set. The functionality performance of this artificial intelligence (AI) based recognition system could be tested through accessible user interfaces in the future.
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Wei, Shu Tian. "Ranging System in Coalface Based on Linear Frequency Modulation Signal." Applied Mechanics and Materials 40-41 (November 2010): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.40-41.287.
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Based on technology of linear frequency modulation, constructed a wireless communication network in accord with the standard of IEEE 802.15.4a, which being fitted for using in mine. By method of symmetric double-sided two-way ranging, implemented a precise ranging and locating system for mines and tested it in indoor environment, which is similar to the straight laneway of mine and coalface. Result data show that the system has good performance in anti-jamming and anti-multi-path effects of electromagnetic wave and can communicate in a distance of 100m in laneway. The ranging accuracy is 1.5m, which well meeting the need of locating for person and equipment in mine.
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Linqiong, Yan. "The Argumentation in Governments’ Public Crisis Communication: A Case of a NIMBY Facility in City Z of Mainland China." Sinología hispánica 3, no. 2 (December 13, 2016): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/sin.v3i2.5264.
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<p align="LEFT">Argumentativeness is an attribute not to be</p><p align="LEFT">neglected in the crisis communication discourse.</p><p align="LEFT">This paper constructs an argumentation-oriented</p><p align="LEFT">public crisis communication model. The new</p><p align="LEFT">model incorporates the well-established rules</p><p align="LEFT">and two-way symmetric principle in crisis</p><p align="LEFT">communication with argumentation analysis</p><p align="LEFT">and evaluation under the theory of pragmadialectics.</p><p align="LEFT">By analyzing the strategies and</p><p align="LEFT">evaluating the effects of a local Chinese</p><p align="LEFT">government’s crisis communication related with</p><p align="LEFT">a proposed NIMBY facility in Mainland China, the</p><p align="LEFT">case is employed to underline the significance</p><p>of the new model in real crisis communication.</p>
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Zotov, V. V., and A. I. Alekseenko. "Identification of Social Barriers in the EthnoConfessional Space of Public Communication of Border Regions." Communicology 9, no. 1 (July 15, 2021): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21453/2311-3065-2021-9-1-139-150.
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The relevance of the study is substantiated by to the need to develop effective measures for localization and overcoming possible negative consequences of ethnoconfessional processes in the border regions of the Russian Federation, which is achieved with a developed level of the ethno-confessional space of public communication. The methodology for organizing such a space is based on the concept of public values management, which considers social development through the prism of active involvement of stakeholders in the discussion of socially significant tasks and participation in the implementation of the decisions made. The aim of the work is to determine the social barriers of this space that impede the interaction of its stakeholders. Based on systematization of relevant publications, the authors reveal the essence of the concept of “social barrier of communication” and classify them; based on the expert survey conducted by the authors in 2020 among representatives of the main stakeholders, level of manifestation of the identified social barriers is determined.Scientific novelty of the paper consists in the introduction of the definition of social barriers in the ethno-confessional space of public communications, the author’s classification of these barriers based on the structure of two-way symmetric communication, within which communicators, message, channels, efficiency / result and situation can be distinguished. This classification made it possible to single out the following social barriers to communication: for communicators, these barriers are manifested as low activity and initiative, differences in the thesauri of communicators and their low communicative and communication competence; for messages – falsification of messages and imitation of the communication process; for communication channels – their mismatch and a feedback barrier; for the expected result – its mismatch; for a communication situation – the displacement of the actualization of events. According to the expert survey, among these barriers, the key ones are low activity and initiative of representatives of stakeholders, the desire to imitate the communication process instead of real dialogue and partnership, and the lack of feedback (lack of reaction of some stakeholders to the actions of others).
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DAVIDOVIĆ, TATJANA, PIERRE HANSEN, and NENAD MLADENOVIĆ. "PERMUTATION-BASED GENETIC, TABU, AND VARIABLE NEIGHBORHOOD SEARCH HEURISTICS FOR MULTIPROCESSOR SCHEDULING WITH COMMUNICATION DELAYS." Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research 22, no. 03 (September 2005): 297–326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021759590500056x.
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The multiprocessor scheduling problem with communication delays that we consider in this paper consists of finding a static schedule of an arbitrary task graph onto a homogeneous multiprocessor system, such that the total execution time (i.e. the time when all tasks are completed) is minimum. The task graph contains precedence relations as well as communication delays (or data transferring time) between tasks if they are executed on different processors. The multiprocessor architecture is assumed to contain identical processors connected in an arbitrary way, which is defined by a symmetric matrix containing minimum distances between every two processors. The solution is represented by a feasible permutation of tasks. In order to obtain the objective function value (i.e. schedule length, makespan), the feasible permutation has to be transformed into the actual schedule by the use of some heuristic method. For solving this NP-hard problem, we develop basic tabu search and variable neighborhood search heuristics, where various types of reduced Or-opt-like neighborhood structures are used for local search. A genetic search approach based on the same solution space is also developed. Comparative computational results on random graphs with up to 500 tasks and 8 processors are reported. On average, it appears that variable neighborhood search outperforms the other metaheuristics. In addition, a detailed performance analysis of both the proposed solution representation and heuristic methods is presented.
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Wazery, Y. M., and Mona A. S. Ali. "An Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets Implementation for Key Distribution in Hybrid Message Encryption Over Wsns." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 7, no. 3 (August 1, 2018): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v7.i3.pp273-285.
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<span>WSN is a way of handling dangerous and hostile environments safely. It replaces human existence with nodes and units that could sustain its existence under extreme circumstances. The significance of WSN arises from the importance of the data gathered through its nodes. Due to the fact of WSN that it is open air environment, security issues must be considered, for example authentication of new units and the encryption of data transmitted between these units. This research provides a new model covering two important aspects in WSN. The first aspect is the creation of the key that will be used for the current session between a pair of nodes. In this step the research introduces the intuitionistic fuzzy sets to handle the WSN criteria simultaneously and efficiently, in order to decide the exact key length required depending on the status of the network parameters. The second aspect is the distribution of the key between the units desiring communications. This phase starts by authenticating each entity to each other and to the cluster head, then one unit suggests a key and the other one confirms. It then starts communication using that key. This phase shows the hybrid cryptography applied in which the algorithm uses asymmetric encryption for authentication then uses symmetric encryption to secure the connection between the two units. Experimental results in this research could categorized also into two classes. The first class is key size model in which the proposed model compared to ordinary KNN and fuzzy model related to the determination of the key size. The proposed model shows an overall efficient way relating to decide the key size. The second class of experiments is to distribute the intermediate key efficiently; at this point the proposed model shows resilience and efficiency compared to distributing the key directly through cluster head.</span>
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Bie, Shuhang, and Shi Pu. "Array Design of 300 GHz Dual-Band Microstrip Antenna Based on Dual-Surfaced Multiple Split-Ring Resonators." Sensors 21, no. 14 (July 19, 2021): 4912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144912.
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To meet the increasing need of high-data-rate and broadband wireless communication systems, the devices and its circuits R&D under Millimeter, Sub-Millimeter, or even Terahertz (THz) frequency bands are attracting more and more attention from not only academic, but also industrial areas. Most of the former research on the THz waveband (0.1–10 THz) antenna design is mainly focused on realizing high directional gain, such as horn antennas, even though the coverage area is very limited when comparing with the current Wi-Fi system. One solution for the horizontally omnidirectional communication antenna is using the structure of multiple split-ring resonators (MSRRs). Aiming at this point, a novel 300 GHz microstrip antenna array based on the dual-surfaced multiple split-ring resonators (DSMSRRs) is proposed in this paper. By employing the two parallel microstrip transmission lines, different MSRRs are fed and connected on two surfaces of the PCB with a centrally symmetric way about them. The feeding port of the whole antenna is in between the centers of the two microstrip lines. Thus, this kind of structure is a so-called DSMSRR. Based on the different size of the MSRRs, different or multiple working wavebands can be achieved on the whole antenna. Firstly, in this paper, the quasi-static model is used to analyze the factors affecting the resonance frequency of MSRRs. Simulation and measured results demonstrate that the resonant frequency of the proposed array antenna is 300 GHz, which meets the design requirements of the expected frequency point and exhibits good radiation characteristics. Then, a dual-band antenna is designed on the above methods, and it is proved by simulation that the working frequency bands of the proposed dual-band antenna with reflection coefficient below −10 dB are 274.1–295.6 GHz and 306.3–313.4 GHz.
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Liu, Ning, Ranqiao Zhang, Zhong Su, Guodong Fu, and Jingang He. "Research on Wavelet Threshold Denoising Method for UWB Tunnel Personnel Motion Location." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (February 28, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9039648.
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In the process of tunnel construction, the problems of strong sealing, inconvenient communication, and harsh environment pose a serious threat to the personal safety of construction workers. Therefore, personnel positioning technology has important application value in tunnel safety construction. A special environment for tunnel personnel positioning and the ultrawideband (UWB) positioning system are affected by personnel movement, which leads to the problem of lowering positioning accuracy. A wavelet threshold denoising method for motion positioning of people in tunnels is proposed. The positioning algorithm of the method adopts a three-sided positioning algorithm based on symmetric double-sided two-way ranging. The wavelet analysis is used to decompose the motion signal of the personnel in the tunnel, and the low frequency coefficient and high frequency coefficient of the signal are decomposed to determine the influence of the motion noise of the personnel on the UWB positioning. The soft threshold function and the hard threshold function are, respectively, selected to perform wavelet threshold denoising on the motion positioning result in the tunnel. According to the denoising effect, the db5 wavelet 5-layer decomposition, under the heuristic threshold estimation criterion, the soft threshold function denoising is the best denoising method. The verification by the positioning experiment shows that the method is suitable for tunnel personnel positioning. The wavelet threshold denoising method can weaken the influence of outliers in the motion positioning of UWB personnel and improve the positioning accuracy.
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Angeline, Mia. "Perspektif Karyawan Perbankan pada Komunikasi Internal dengan Two-Way Symmetrical Communication dan Internal Marketing." Humaniora 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2013): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v4i1.3423.
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The article investigates the internal communication in the two branches of foreign banks in Kelapa Gading from the perspectives of two-way symmetrical communication and internal marketing. The second problem investigated is the effectiveness of the use of email as a means of internal communication. Data were collected through interviews and literature. The results showed that the perception of employees not in accordance with the concept of two-way communication and internal marketing, but this policy has led the organization to these concepts. In the use of email, employee perceptions still see that the email is an effective internal communication media despite having many weaknesses.
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Obaid, Taleb Samad. "Study A Public Key in RSA Algorithm." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 5, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 395–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.4.1843.
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To transmit sensitive information over the unsafe communication network like the internet network, the security is precarious tasks to protect this information. Always, we have much doubt that there are more chances to uncover the information that is being sent through network terminals or the internet by professional/amateur parasitical persons. To protect our information we may need a secure way to safeguard our transferred information. So, encryption/decryption, stenographic and vital cryptography may be adapted to care for the required important information. In system cryptography, the information transferred between both sides sender/receiver in the network must be scrambled using the encryption algorithm. The second side (receiver) should be outlook the original data using the decryption algorithms. Some encryption techniques applied the only one key in the cooperation of encryption and decryption algorithms. When the similar key used in both proceeds is called symmetric algorithm. Other techniques may use two different keys in encryption/decryption in transferring information which is known as the asymmetric key. In general, the algorithms that implicated asymmetric keys are much more secure than others using one key. RSA algorithm used asymmetric keys; one of them for encryption the message, and is known as a public key and another used to decrypt the encrypted message and is called a private key. The main disadvantage of the RSA algorithm is that extra time is taken to perform the encryption process. In this study, the MATLAB library functions are implemented to achieve the work. The software helps us to hold very big prime numbers to generate the required keys which enhanced the security of transmitted information and we expected to be difficult for a hacker to interfere with the private information. The algorithms are implemented successfully on different sizes of messages files.
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Milojevic, Ana. "The two way symmetrical public relations and digital communication technologies: Between theory and praxis." CM - casopis za upravljanje komuniciranjem 10, no. 35 (2015): 81–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/comman10-9929.
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Long, Yang, Hao Ge, Danmei Zhang, Xiangyuan Xu, Jie Ren, Ming-Hui Lu, Ming Bao, Hong Chen, and Yan-Feng Chen. "Symmetry selective directionality in near-field acoustics." National Science Review 7, no. 6 (March 14, 2020): 1024–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwaa040.
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Abstract Understanding unidirectional and topological wave phenomena requires the unveiling of intrinsic geometry and symmetry for wave dynamics. This is essential yet challenging for the flexible control of near-field evanescent waves, highly desirable in broad practical scenarios ranging from information communication to energy radiation. However, exploitations of near-field waves are limited by a lack of fundamental understanding about inherent near-field symmetry and directional coupling at sub-wavelengths, especially for longitudinal waves. Here, based on the acoustic wave platform, we show the efficient selective couplings enabled by near-field symmetry properties. Based on the inherent symmetry properties of three geometrically orthogonal vectors in near-field acoustics, we successfully realize acoustic Janus, Huygens, spin sources and quadrupole hybrid sources, respectively. Moreover, we experimentally demonstrate fertile symmetry selective directionality of those evanescent modes, supported by two opposite meta-surfaces. The symmetry properties of the near-field acoustic spin angular momenta are revealed by directly measuring local vectorial fields. Our findings advance the understanding of symmetries in near-field physics, supply feasible approaches for directional couplings, and pave the way for promising acoustic devices in the future.
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Kim, Soojin, Soontae An, Sejoong Kim, Dong-Ryeol Ryu, and Hwanhee Kim. "An exploratory study on the shared decision-making as a two-way symmetrical communication process : focusing on the communication of kidney dialysis patients." Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies 65, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 162–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.20879/kjjcs.2021.65.2.005.
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Ni, Lan, Qi Wang, and Maria De la Flor. "Intercultural communication competence and preferred public relations practices." Journal of Communication Management 19, no. 2 (May 5, 2015): 167–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcom-07-2012-0061.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how individual-level intercultural communication competence (ICC) represented by cultural empathy, open-mindedness, and flexibility predicts preferred use of symmetrical, two-way, conservation, and ethical public relations practices (PRPs) among public relations (PRs) students. Design/methodology/approach – Structural equation modeling was used to analyze self-report data from 268 PRs students surveyed at a southern university. Findings – Results indicated that empathy, open-mindedness, and flexibility together significantly predicted the preferred use of all four PRPs. The three ICC variables each had a positive direct effect on symmetrical and ethical PRPs. Empathy and flexibility each had a positive direct effect on two-way and conservation PRPs. Research limitations/implications – This study provides evidence that the PRPs resulted from Excellence Theory, despite controversies over their practicality, are closely and positively related with ICC qualities such as empathy, open-mindedness, and flexibility among future practitioners. Future research should overcome the limitations in this study by examining current practitioners instead of PR students who are the future practitioners, investigating the PRP instruments’ criterion-related and construct validity, as well as exploring different levels and types of ICC. Originality/value – This study is new in bridging the gap between preferred PRPs and the qualities needed for those PRPs, thereby addressing two limitations in the current intercultural PRs research.
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Hoffmann, Christian Pieter, and Lea Aeschlimann. "Shielding or engaging: the use of online shareholder platforms in investor relations." Corporate Communications: An International Journal 22, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccij-05-2016-0037.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze antecedents of listed corporations’ propensity to adopt online shareholder platforms. It differentiates two strategic investor relations (IR) frames, shielding and engaging, and explores their effect on ICT adoption. Design/methodology/approach Findings are based on a survey of 82 corporations listed on the Swiss, German and Austrian stock exchanges. The authors apply multiple linear regression analysis to test a multi-faceted adoption model. Findings The authors find that resource constraints, familiarity with online media and efficiency considerations drive listed corporations’ willingness to adopt online shareholder platforms. Beyond these operational antecedents, strategic considerations significantly affect adoption: IR functions geared toward shareholder engagement are more likely to apply interactive platforms, while IR departments geared toward shielding the corporation from shareholder interventions will be less attracted to the participatory affordances of online media. Research limitations/implications This study is limited in scope to corporations listed on the Swiss, German and Austrian stock exchanges and cannot account for antecedents distinct to other regulatory environments. Practical implications IR functions need to carefully develop and apply communication strategies, which in turn will inform ICT adoption. The authors find that IR departments geared toward a two-way symmetrical communication model are more attracted to the participatory affordances of online platforms. Thereby, they are more likely to innovate by employing current digital applications. Originality/value This study contributes to research on the benefits of digital media to two-way symmetrical and dialogic corporate communications. It is the first study to explore these relationships in the context of IR. It further contributes to research on the strategic role of IR by developing and applying two distinct strategic frames to the subject of ICT adoption in IR.
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Yoon, Bora, and Kisuk Cho. "UN communications at 75: Incremental change or innovative transformation?" International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 75, no. 2 (June 2020): 179–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020702020933646.
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In the age of globalization, the UN Department of Public Information (DPI) is expected to play an active role in communicating with citizens the world over. This study explores the DPI’s evolution over the last 75 years, tackling the nature of organizational change in what is too often dismissed as a hidebound and conservative institution. The authors use textual analysis of UN documents combined with Grunig and Hunt’s four public relations (PR) models to track the DPI’s transformation from an organization that favoured the one-way dissemination of objective information to an institution ready to embrace two-way symmetric public relations. Though useful, these models were unable to explain the driving forces behind the DPI’s transition from one model to another or detailed changes within models at a micro level. To remedy this, the authors incorporate Harry Nyström’s basic model of organizational innovation illuminating incremental changes within the DPI between 1946 and 1989, as well as the transformative changes that were driven by the end of the Cold War, new communications technologies, and Kofi Annan’s leadership in the 1990s and 2000s.
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Kang, Minjeong, and Minjung Sung. "How symmetrical employee communication leads to employee engagement and positive employee communication behaviors." Journal of Communication Management 21, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 82–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcom-04-2016-0026.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how a company’s symmetrical internal communication efforts could influence its employees’ perception of relationship outcomes with the company and the subsequent employee communication behaviors about the company to others and their turnover intention. Additionally, the mediation effects of employee-organization relationship (EOR) quality between symmetrical internal communication and employee engagement were tested. Design/methodology/approach The study collected the data from a survey of randomly selected 438 individuals who work as sales representatives of the case organization. Respondents were randomly selected through stratified sampling. For the overall statistical procedure, this study adopted the two-step structural equation modeling: on the basis of the final measurement model analysis from confirmatory factor analysis, the proposed structural model was tested using latent variables. Findings The findings of this research clearly demonstrate: employee/internal communication management is linked with employee engagement; employee engagement enhances supportive employee communication behaviors and reduces turnover intention. Also, the mediation results show strong mediation of EORs on the effects of symmetrical internal communication on employee engagement. Research limitations/implications Employees’ communication behaviors such as megaphoning and scouting have special strategic values to organizations. With information seeking, selecting, forwarding, and sharing behaviors of employees, organizations may obtain more valuable information than through formal procedures and channels. Professional literature has long been supporting the importance of fostering positive employee communication behaviors (ECBs), suggesting that WOM and information from the employees deemed as most trustworthy by the external publics. ECBs about their organizations may be viewed as a testament of the quality of EOR. This study results show that employee engagement plays a key role in creating positive ECBs. Practical implications Pragmatically, as noted in the findings, symmetrical communication is an important factor that leads to positive ECB. To facilitate employees’ favorable communication regarding an organization, therefore, the organization needs to practice a two-way, employee-centered symmetrical communication system in its everyday communication management. Communication managers are advised to nurture internal communication practices that listen to the employees and invite their participation in addition to providing complete and fair information to employees. Second, by showing the significant positive influence of EOR on employee engagement and ECB, the finding of the study suggests that strategic relationship management with internal publics affect overall management effectiveness. Hence, organizational managers need to adopt various relationship cultivation strategies in their communication with employees, which have been previously proposed by several studies. Originality/value The findings of the study demonstrated that the effects of employee relationship management and symmetrical internal communication indeed exist beyond ECBs to the actual managerial outcomes. The findings also suggest a three-stage model of employee communication management: employee/internal communication management antecedents; employee engagement; and supportive outcomes of effective employee communication programs, such as supportive/extra ECBs.
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Guiniven, John E. "Dealing with activism in Canada: an ideal cultural fit for the two-way symmetrical public relations model." Public Relations Review 28, no. 4 (October 2002): 393–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0363-8111(02)00162-5.
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Stojanović, Edit Terek, Marko Vlahović, Milan Nikolić, Siniša Mitić, and Zoran Jovanović. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND PUBLIC RELATIONS IN BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS." Journal of Business Economics and Management 21, no. 6 (October 1, 2020): 1628–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2020.13377.
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The study presents the results of the impact of organizational culture on public relations in business organizations. The data were obtained from a survey of 415 respondents from 93 companies in Serbia. The following statistical methods were used: descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, regression analysis and hierarchical regression analysis. Some of the most important conclusions of the research follow: In most cases, the organizational culture dimensions have a statistically significant and positive influence on the communication models of public relations (CMPR) dimensions and the organization – public relations (OPR) dimensions; A favorable organizational culture (represented through the favorable values of the organizational culture dimensions) has a positive impact on two-way models of communication, especially the symmetrical model, as well as on most of the OPR dimensions. On the other hand, an unfavorable organizational culture encourages one-way communication and the organization’s orientation solely for its own benefit; The Power Distance dimension acts in contrast to the other dimensions of organizational culture: high power distance impedes two-way communication and promotes the utility of the company, all of which causes public distrust and dissatisfaction.
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Rao, Jingyuan, Min Tu, and Xuanjin Yang. "Two Variations of Peer Intermediaries for Key Establishment in Sensor Networks." International Journal of Digital Crime and Forensics 12, no. 3 (July 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdcf.2020070101.
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Recently, the issue pertinent to sensor network security is a popular topic. Especially, due to the restriction of energy supplied by battery power of the sensors, symmetric cryptography is one of the suitable choices for the secret communication between sensors, while asymmetric cryptography is not appropriate because of its heavy loading on computation should consume a lot of energy. As a result of using symmetric cryptography, there are numerous research papers focusing on designing efficient key management scheme in sensor networks. PIKE designed by Chan and Perrig is a scheme using peer intermediaries and their pre-installed keys to deliver secret message from one sensor to another. However, they did not consider the case that the sensors are scattered in nonuniform way. Moreover, O(logn) is enough for sensor networks to achieve expander topology while PIKE has O(√n) storage overhead. This article gives generalizations of PIKE to offer more choices for developers under different requirements. The Constant Storage Protocol, abbreviated as CSP, costs constant memory storage and is more suitable for group-based deployment.
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GRANADO-CRIADO, JOSE M., MIGUEL A. VEGA-RODRÍGUEZ, JOSE M. CHAVES-GONZALEZ, JUAN M. SANCHEZ-PEREZ, and JUAN A. GOMEZ-PULIDO. "LOW POWER CONSUMPTION SECURITY PLATFORM FOR INDUSTRIAL COMMUNICATIONS USING AN MPSOC." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 22, no. 05 (May 9, 2013): 1350029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126613500291.
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This work presents a novel security platform for industrial communications using a nine-MicroBlaze MPSoC. This platform has low power consumption and cost, therefore, it is very appropriate for embedded systems, where restrictions on cost and power consumption have to be fulfilled. This system uses the RSA asymmetric algorithm combined with the AES symmetric algorithm, which was developed using two encryption modes, ECB and CBC. In this way, the platform makes possible to combine different algorithms and modes in function of the necessities of speed and security required. Furthermore, due to the implementation of standard algorithms (AES and RSA) and modes (ECB and CBC), this platform can be connected to the Internet, and can even use secure protocols as SSL.
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Globočnik, Katja Lumbar, Anja Žnidaršič, and Marko Ferjan. "Relationship between Russian societal culture and public relations strategies." Journal of East European Management Studies 24, no. 3 (2019): 375–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0949-6181-2019-3-375.
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The study is a part of the dissertation about the influence of environmental variables on public relations in companies in Russia. This paper is focused on the relationship between public relations strategies and societal culture as defined in the GLOBE theoretical framework (House et al. 2004) with nine dimensions: uncertainty avoidance, power distance, institutional collectivism, in-group collectivism, gender egalitarianism, assertiveness, future orientation, performance and humane orientation. Quantitative research was conducted on the sample of 225 public relations specialists. According to our findings, the societal culture significantly influences two-way, symmetrical, asymmetrical, ethical, unethical, interpersonal, mediated communication and conservation strategies. The study did not confirm same influence on one-way communication and cultural interpretation.
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Vlahović, Marko, Milan Nikolić, Marko Ivaniš, Ivan Tasić, and Edit Terek. "The impact of communication models of public relations and organization–public relationships on company credibility and financial performance." Communications 45, no. 4 (November 26, 2020): 479–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/commun-2019-2053.
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AbstractThe paper presents the results of the study of the impact and effects of communication models of public relations and organization–public relationships on company credibility and financial performance in companies in Serbia. The data were obtained by interviewing 415 respondents (PR managers, PR practitioners and marketing experts) working in 93 companies in Serbia. The dimensions of the organization–public relationships have stronger positive influences and effects on company credibility and financial performance than the dimensions of communication models of public relations. The influence of the dimensions of trust, commitment, satisfaction and communal relationship is particularly emphasized. Of the four communication models, the strongest positive impact on company credibility and financial performance is achieved by the two-way symmetrical dimension, and then the two-way asymmetrical dimension. The dimensions of communication models of public relations and organization–public relationships have the greatest influence and predictive effect on the dimension of trustworthiness, followed by the dimension of expertise, and finally the dimension of financial performance. Therefore, a greater impact exists on company credibility than on financial performance.
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Sundstrom, Beth. "Integrating Public Relations and Social Marketing." Social Marketing Quarterly 18, no. 2 (June 2012): 135–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524500412450489.
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This study examined the relationship between public relations and social marketing in a nonprofit health organization. A case study was conducted, in which internal and external organizational documents, archival records, and artifacts were analyzed and four in-depth interviews were completed. Evidence showed that public relations and social marketing were integrated into the organization’s communication function. Findings provided evidence for a tactical paradigm of public relations, which emphasizes publicity and promotion, as well as a situational approach to messaging and communication functions. The organization engaged the new two-way model of symmetry through cultivating relationships and two-way dialogue. These findings suggest the importance of social marketing approaches to behavior change and relationship cultivation strategies. This case study highlights the success of social marketing initiatives, and the opportunity for social marketing and public relations to evolve together in a new media context.
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Indrayani, Heni. "Etika Advokasi Public Relations dalam Manajemen Krisis Reputasi." Interaksi: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi 5, no. 1 (March 29, 2017): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/interaksi.5.1.68-77.
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AbstractIn handling the crisis company, Public Relations Proffesionals is required to balance the interests of companies and term of public interests. Public Relations Proffesionals often perform persuasion what course for sake of good company reputation. Here, ethics advocacy present into solutions dilematik between defending the interests of company and the public interests. In communicating to the public, Public Relations Proffesionals rests on a truth value, honesty, social responsibility, openness, loyalty, fair thinking, respect, integrity and communication frankly. The models of ethics in overcoming the crisis include Attorney Adversary Model, Two-way symmetrical model, Social Responsibility Model, Partisan versus Mutual Values Model, and Professional Responsibility Model. While ethical action Professional Public Relations in crisis management adhering to the code of professional conduct and codes of conduct to be able to behave or act as professionals in decision-making, and what procedures are done objectively, and be accountable. Keywords : Professional Public Relations, Advocacy ethics, Crisis Management
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Martino, Luis Mauro Sá, and Ângela Cristina Salgueiro Marques. "Ethics and theories of communication: power, interactions, and participative culture." Comunicação e Sociedade 25 (June 30, 2014): 154–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17231/comsoc.25(2014).1866.
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The aim of this paper is to make an epistemological approach of the ethical conceptions presented in the main Communication Theories, identifying in some of its epistemological proposals elements of an ethos. It is highlighted how these theories approach communicative mediated processes and at the same time propose procedures and practical actions. We develop our argument in a historical-critical perspective, mapping how notions of power, communicative capacities and constitution of the political citizen, among others are interlaced to the theoretical articulations of the research field. The analysis is developed around three perspectives: (a) antisymmetrical, evincing the way power is placed side by side with media; (b) symmetrical, making equivalent, in different spaces, media producers and receivers; (c) paritarian, with intersections between these two types of agents in a participative culture. The text analyzes these three perspectives focusing the ruptures and continuities between ethics and epistemology.
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Ayman, Umut, Anıl Kemal Kaya, and Ülfet Kutoğlu Kuruç. "The Impact of Digital Communication and PR Models on the Sustainability of Higher Education during Crises." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 9, 2020): 8295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208295.
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Currently, the world is going through a pandemic, COVID-19, that affects the four pillars of organizational sustainability. At this point, institutions’ sustainability depends on how they handle crisis communication. It seems that institutions that can adapt themselves to changes regarding the usage of digital communication platforms are survivors, and even winners, of this crisis. The general belief concerning education in developing countries claims that these countries are slow in adapting to technological innovations. Being a developing country, North Cyprus has a multi-cultural environment due to the presence of international students in tertiary education. This study explores how two public and two private universities maintained sustainability in higher education during COVID-19 by discussing the public relations models (PR) that they have used regarding digital communication. This study uses a qualitative content analysis and a quantitative method. The paper asserts that the effective usage of digital communication contributes to the sustainability of universities during this crisis. The findings revealed that the posts (text/image/poster) and videos these universities share are more concentrated on either press agentry or the public information model. Yet, a two-way symmetrical model that maintains dialogue within stakeholders is practiced less than the other PR models. Hence, there is a need for the universities to listen to their stakeholders not only in face to face communication but more through digital communication platforms as well.
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Lee, Nicole, and Trent Seltzer. "Vicarious interaction." Journal of Communication Management 22, no. 3 (August 6, 2018): 262–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcom-11-2017-0129.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how online interaction with an organization impacts not only those users participating in the exchange, but also those that witness the interaction and are influenced as suggested by social cognitive theory. Design/methodology/approach This study utilized a mixed methodological approach. First, 20 interviews with social media users were conducted to explore their perceptions of observed two-way communication between organizations and other users within social media spaces. An experiment then compared the effects of interacting with an organization via social media vs simply observing organizations interacting with other users. Findings The findings from both studies support the assertion that publics do not have to actively participate in two-way communication with an organization for an observed exchange to have an impact. When an organization has a conversation with one follower, others see that interaction and are affected by it. Practical implications This study has implications for the practice of online communication by organizations. Practitioners must consider how interactions impact those publics who are observing rather than only the few who are engaging. In the social media realm, priority should be given to followers posting legitimate questions or concerns. Responding to positive comments can also improve perceptions of the organization but is seen as going above and beyond. Originality/value This paper introduces the concept of vicarious interaction – a phenomenon warranting further investigation by strategic communication scholars. Distinguishing between the effects of “vicarious interaction” and direct interaction could have significant consequences for the study of relational or symmetrical approaches to social media.
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Estaswara, Helpris, and Diana Anggraeni. "Mengelola Corporate Crisis Melalui Transformasi Model Stakeholder Relations di Era Digital." CoverAge: Journal of Strategic Communication 9, no. 1 (September 3, 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35814/coverage.v9i1.1111.
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Managing stakeholders in the era of digital society become more complicated and the corporate crisis is highly potential to come forward. Consequently, to develop a long-term profitable relationship with the stakeholders requires dialogue based method. However, many corporate implement stakeholder relationship model remain derived from the understanding that corporate is the centre of all stakeholders, or corporate-centric model. A new model of system-centric than proposed in order to deal with the stakeholders in the era of digital society. The model implies that the corporate will be no longer being a central of stakeholders. It means the position of the corporate being a part of the system and involve symmetrical two-way communication strategy. This paper aimed at, firstly to elaborate a social network that would be potential to create the crisis if the corporate is not implementing the system-centric model that requires the development of multi-stakeholders learning dialogues. Secondly, it also analyzed the steps should be taken into account in order to transform traditional model toward symmetrical communication model of stakeholder relationship. Furthermore, method of literature review was applied as a basis of theoretical construction on stakeholder relationship model that should be engaged in avoiding of the crisis.
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Kim, Young. "Enhancing employee communication behaviors for sensemaking and sensegiving in crisis situations." Journal of Communication Management 22, no. 4 (November 5, 2018): 451–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcom-03-2018-0025.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the organizational effectiveness of internal crisis communication within the strategic management approach, whether it enhanced voluntary and positive employee communication behaviors (ECBs) for sensemaking and sensegiving. By doing so, this study provides meaningful insight into: new crisis communication theory development that takes a strategic management approach, emphasizing employees’ valuable assets from an organization, and effective crisis communication practice that reduces misalignment with employees and that enhances voluntary and positive ECBs for the organization during a crisis. Design/methodology/approach This study conducted a nationwide survey in the USA among full-time employees (n=544). After dimensionality check through confirmatory factor analysis, this study tested hypothesis and research question by conducting ordinary least squares multiple regression analyses using STATA 13. Findings This study found that strategic internal communication factors, including two-way symmetrical communication and transparent communication, were positive and strong antecedents of ECBs for sensemaking and sensegiving in crisis situations, when controlling for other effects. The post hoc analysis confirmed theses positive and strong associations across different industry areas. Originality/value This study suggests that voluntary and valuable ECBs can be enhanced by listening and responding to employee concerns and interests; encouraging employee participation in crisis communication; and organizational accountability through words, actions and decisions during the crisis. As a theoretical implication, the results of this study indicate the need for crisis communication theories that emphasize employees as valuable assets to an organization.
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Khaldi, Amine. "Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange through Steganographied Images." Law, State and Telecommunications Review 10, no. 1 (May 14, 2018): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/lstr.v10i1.21504.
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Purpose – In a private key system, the major problem is the exchange of the key between the two parties. Diffie and Hellman have set up a way to share the key. However, this technique is not protected against a man-in-the-middle attack as the settings are not authenticated. The Diffie-Hellman key exchange requires the use of digital signature or creating a secure channel for data exchanging to avoid the man-in-the-middle attack.
Methodology/approach/design – We present a Diffie-Hellman key exchange implementation using steganographied images. Using steganography made invisible the data exchange to a potential attacker. So, we will not need a digital signature or creating a secure channel to do our key exchange since only the two concerned parts are aware of this exchange.
Findings – We generate a symmetric 128-bit key between two users without use of digital signature or secure channel. However, it works only on bitmap images, heavy images and sensitive to compression.
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Ademola, Adebiyi Rasheed, Ajetunmobi Umar Olansile, and Olawale Jelilat Opeyemi. "Connected but not Engaged: A Tale of Two Governorship Candidates’ Social Media Mobilization in a Gubernatorial Contest in Oyo State, Southwest Nigeria." Interações: Sociedade e as novas modernidades, no. 38 (June 30, 2020): 78–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.31211/interacoes.n38.2020.a3.
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The study analyses the engagement of potential voters with two major candidates for governor in the 2019 gubernatorial election in Oyo State, South-West Nigeria. The study explored the interaction, pattern of engagement as well as the extent to which their followers focused on issues of their campaigns on Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn. To achieve these aims, the researchers put forward content-analysis of 3,193 comments of the followers of the two candidates on the three platforms from December 2018 to February 2019, using purposive and constructed week sampling techniques. Results showed that the two candidates were able to engage followers on the selected online social media platforms. However, one had a more robust engagement than his rival. It was also noted that a large percentage of their followers (1,409 in 3,193) did not key into the campaign issues as expected. Despite the level of engagement, a one-way communication pattern was noticed on the part of the two candidates. Their followers’ questions and observations were ignored. It is therefore recommended that media strategists of politicians should always make their engagement with the citizens online two-way symmetrical. Social media platforms should equally not be downplayed in political campaigns by Nigerian politicians.
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Verheyden, Mark. "Social media and the promise of excellence in internal communication." Journal of Organizational Ethnography 6, no. 1 (March 22, 2017): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joe-09-2016-0020.
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Purpose For many years the excellence theory (Grunig, 1992), with its ideal of two-way symmetrical communication, has been the dominant normative framework in public relations (PR). From an affordance perspective, social media seem to side perfectly with this promise of a more balanced power relation between participants in the communication loop. The purpose of this paper is to see if this promise was realized in the context of an internal communication practitioner’s social software use. Design/methodology/approach The authors used a critical case approach for the organizational ethnography. Therefore, the authors selected an IT company where the formal position of internal communication was being created. In this environment, the authors considered it “least likely” to find the unidirectional model of “push communication.” The authors used the network gatekeeping theory (Barzilai-Nahon, 2008) to study technology usage patterns in the organization. Findings The analysis indicates that the internal communicator uses social software to interact with other employees. The authors additionally found these tools to affect the gatekeeping role of internal communication, altering the position’s ideological focus through its ability to shape the technological environment. Research limitations/implications On a theoretical level, the network gatekeeping theory proved to be useful to study power relations inside organizations. On a practical level, the authors found themselves combining different data sources to grasp the complexity of organizational communication practices. Originality/value This research questions the widespread assumption that adoption of social software leads to excellence in PR. Additionally, the use of ethnographic methods in PR has been rare.
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Kim, Daewook. "Examining effects of internal public relations practices on organizational social capital in the Korean context." Corporate Communications: An International Journal 23, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 100–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccij-01-2017-0002.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how internal public relations practices (e.g. internal communication and relationship management strategies) enhance employees’ organizational social capital in the Korean context by examining the mediation roles of employee-organization relationships. Design/methodology/approach The researcher then recruited 23 field research assistants to collect data from 23 organizations in South Korea. For the purpose of this study, the researcher trained each of the research assistants, kept the confidentiality of each research participant, and used common methods of data collection. After this training process, the research assistants distributed an online link and encouraged employees in 23 organizations to participate in this survey. From these 23 organizations, 287 participants completed the survey. However, the authors had to delete 11 invalid responses. Consequently, the authors used a total of 276 responses to analyze the data. Findings The results of this study showed that two-way and symmetrical internal communication strategies were associated positively with employee-organization relationships and organizational social capital. Additionally, satisfaction and control mutuality had mediating effects on the relations between internal communication strategies and organizational social capital. Originality/value These results contribute to expanding the functions of internal public relations practices into organizational social capital.
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Mooney, Barry, Dylan Agius, and Kyriakos I. Kourousis. "Cyclic Plasticity of the As-Built EOS Maraging Steel: Preliminary Experimental and Computational Results." Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (February 12, 2020): 1232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10041232.
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This short communication offers a preliminary view on ongoing research conducted on the as-built EOS maraging steel 300. The material’s cyclic elastoplastic characteristics under strain-controlled loading have been investigated experimentally. Specimens fabricated under two primary orientations, horizontally and vertically to the build plate, have been tested. The obtained stress–strain hysteresis loops exhibited symmetry, with the vertical specimen showing a higher plastic strain energy dissipation capability than the horizontal specimen. Modelling of the material’s elastoplastic behaviour was performed with a commonly used kinematic hardening rule, combined with both isotropic and anisotropic yield functions and elasticity moduli. The obtained simulations of the hysteresis loops, from the implementation of these two plasticity models, indicate the advantage of the anisotropic modelling approach over the isotropic approach. The anisotropic plasticity model describes in a more representative way the inherent elastic and plastic anisotropy of the as-built material. Further research is underway to explore the low cycle fatigue performance of this additively manufactured metal.
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Chen, Bin, Hailiang Chen, Dandan Ning, Mengna Zhu, Chuan Ai, Xiaogang Qiu, and Weihui Dai. "A Two-Tier Partition Algorithm for the Optimization of the Large-Scale Simulation of Information Diffusion in Social Networks." Symmetry 12, no. 5 (May 21, 2020): 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12050843.
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As online social networks play a more and more important role in public opinion, the large-scale simulation of social networks has been focused on by many scientists from sociology, communication, informatics, and so on. It is a good way to study real information diffusion in a symmetrical simulation world by agent-based modeling and simulation (ABMS), which is considered an effective solution by scholars from computational sociology. However, on the one hand, classical ABMS tools such as NetLogo cannot support the simulation of more than thousands of agents. On the other hand, big data platforms such as Hadoop and Spark used to study big datasets do not provide optimization for the simulation of large-scale social networks. A two-tier partition algorithm for the optimization of large-scale simulation of social networks is proposed in this paper. First, the simulation kernel of ABMS for information diffusion is implemented based on the Spark platform. Both the data structure and the scheduling mechanism are implemented by Resilient Distributed Data (RDD) to simulate the millions of agents. Second, a two-tier partition algorithm is implemented by community detection and graph cut. Community detection is used to find the partition of high interactions in the social network. A graph cut is used to achieve the goal of load balance. Finally, with the support of the dataset recorded from Twitter, a series of experiments are used to testify the performance of the two-tier partition algorithm in both the communication cost and load balance.
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Lee, Byoungcheon. "Stateless Re-Association in WPA3 Using Paired Token." Electronics 10, no. 2 (January 19, 2021): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10020215.
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In Wi-Fi Protected Access 3 (WPA3), a secure connection is established in two sequential stages. Firstly, in the authentication and association stage, a pairwise master key (PMK) is generated. Secondly, in the post-association stage, a pairwise transient key (PTK) is generated from PMK using the traditional 4-way handshake protocol. To reduce the heavy load of the first stage, PMK caching can be used. If the client and AP are previously authenticated and have a PMK cache, the first heavy stage can be skipped and the cached PMK can be used to directly execute the 4-way handshake. However, PMK caching is a very primitive technology to manage shared key between a client and AP and there are many limitations; AP has to manage a stateful cache for a large number of clients, cache lifetime is limited, etc. Paired token (PT)is a new secondary credential scheme that provides stateless pre-shared key (PSK) in a client-server environment. The server issues a paired token (public token and secret token) to an authenticated client where the public token has the role of signed identity and the secret token is a kind of shared secret. Once a client is equipped with PT, it can be used for many symmetric key-based cryptographic applications such as authentication, authorization, key establishment, etc. In this paper, we apply the PT approach to WPA3 and try to replace the PMK caching with the one-time authenticated key establishment using PT. At the end of a successful full handshake, AP securely issues PT to the client. Then, in subsequent re-association requests, the client and AP can compute the same one-time authenticated PMK using PT in a stateless way. Using this kind of stateless re-association technology, AP can provide a high performance Wi-Fi service to a larger number of clients.