Academic literature on the topic 'Two-way symmetrical model of communications'
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Journal articles on the topic "Two-way symmetrical model of communications"
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Kriyantono, Rachmat, Abdul Allam Amrullah, and Nia Asthon Destrity. "The Model of Public Relations Practices in Indonesia." GATR Global Journal of Business and Social Science Review (GJBSSR) Vol.5(3) Jul-Sep 2017 5, no. 3 (July 10, 2017): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2017.5.3(22).
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Objective - This research aims to compare the government public relations with business public relations in Indonesia. The research proves the hypothesis that either government or business public relations in Indonesia have already applied symmetric model on their communication activities. Methodology/Technique - A national survey involves 160 practitioners of government and business public relations. The research reinforces Grunig and Hunt's model of public relations that business public relations tends practice two-way symmetrical communication. On the other hands, the research also differs with Grunig and Hunt's model that government public relations tend to apply public information model. Findings - It is concluded that both government and business public relations in Indonesia have implemented two-way communication models. The findings have confirmed that public relations practices have grown along with the development of democracy in Indonesia. Novelty - The research contributes to develop scientific knowledge in public relations study and practices. Type of Paper: Empirical Keywords: Business Public Relations; Democracy; Government Public Relations; Indonesia; Public Relations Model; Symmetric Model; Transparency of Public Information. JEL Classification: H11, H83.
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Guiniven, John E. "Dealing with activism in Canada: an ideal cultural fit for the two-way symmetrical public relations model." Public Relations Review 28, no. 4 (October 2002): 393–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0363-8111(02)00162-5.
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Hoffmann, Christian Pieter, and Lea Aeschlimann. "Shielding or engaging: the use of online shareholder platforms in investor relations." Corporate Communications: An International Journal 22, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccij-05-2016-0037.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze antecedents of listed corporations’ propensity to adopt online shareholder platforms. It differentiates two strategic investor relations (IR) frames, shielding and engaging, and explores their effect on ICT adoption. Design/methodology/approach Findings are based on a survey of 82 corporations listed on the Swiss, German and Austrian stock exchanges. The authors apply multiple linear regression analysis to test a multi-faceted adoption model. Findings The authors find that resource constraints, familiarity with online media and efficiency considerations drive listed corporations’ willingness to adopt online shareholder platforms. Beyond these operational antecedents, strategic considerations significantly affect adoption: IR functions geared toward shareholder engagement are more likely to apply interactive platforms, while IR departments geared toward shielding the corporation from shareholder interventions will be less attracted to the participatory affordances of online media. Research limitations/implications This study is limited in scope to corporations listed on the Swiss, German and Austrian stock exchanges and cannot account for antecedents distinct to other regulatory environments. Practical implications IR functions need to carefully develop and apply communication strategies, which in turn will inform ICT adoption. The authors find that IR departments geared toward a two-way symmetrical communication model are more attracted to the participatory affordances of online platforms. Thereby, they are more likely to innovate by employing current digital applications. Originality/value This study contributes to research on the benefits of digital media to two-way symmetrical and dialogic corporate communications. It is the first study to explore these relationships in the context of IR. It further contributes to research on the strategic role of IR by developing and applying two distinct strategic frames to the subject of ICT adoption in IR.
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Stojanović, Edit Terek, Marko Vlahović, Milan Nikolić, Siniša Mitić, and Zoran Jovanović. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND PUBLIC RELATIONS IN BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS." Journal of Business Economics and Management 21, no. 6 (October 1, 2020): 1628–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2020.13377.
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The study presents the results of the impact of organizational culture on public relations in business organizations. The data were obtained from a survey of 415 respondents from 93 companies in Serbia. The following statistical methods were used: descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, regression analysis and hierarchical regression analysis. Some of the most important conclusions of the research follow: In most cases, the organizational culture dimensions have a statistically significant and positive influence on the communication models of public relations (CMPR) dimensions and the organization – public relations (OPR) dimensions; A favorable organizational culture (represented through the favorable values of the organizational culture dimensions) has a positive impact on two-way models of communication, especially the symmetrical model, as well as on most of the OPR dimensions. On the other hand, an unfavorable organizational culture encourages one-way communication and the organization’s orientation solely for its own benefit; The Power Distance dimension acts in contrast to the other dimensions of organizational culture: high power distance impedes two-way communication and promotes the utility of the company, all of which causes public distrust and dissatisfaction.
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Indrayani, Heni. "Etika Advokasi Public Relations dalam Manajemen Krisis Reputasi." Interaksi: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi 5, no. 1 (March 29, 2017): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/interaksi.5.1.68-77.
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AbstractIn handling the crisis company, Public Relations Proffesionals is required to balance the interests of companies and term of public interests. Public Relations Proffesionals often perform persuasion what course for sake of good company reputation. Here, ethics advocacy present into solutions dilematik between defending the interests of company and the public interests. In communicating to the public, Public Relations Proffesionals rests on a truth value, honesty, social responsibility, openness, loyalty, fair thinking, respect, integrity and communication frankly. The models of ethics in overcoming the crisis include Attorney Adversary Model, Two-way symmetrical model, Social Responsibility Model, Partisan versus Mutual Values Model, and Professional Responsibility Model. While ethical action Professional Public Relations in crisis management adhering to the code of professional conduct and codes of conduct to be able to behave or act as professionals in decision-making, and what procedures are done objectively, and be accountable. Keywords : Professional Public Relations, Advocacy ethics, Crisis Management
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Yoon, Bora, and Kisuk Cho. "UN communications at 75: Incremental change or innovative transformation?" International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 75, no. 2 (June 2020): 179–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020702020933646.
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In the age of globalization, the UN Department of Public Information (DPI) is expected to play an active role in communicating with citizens the world over. This study explores the DPI’s evolution over the last 75 years, tackling the nature of organizational change in what is too often dismissed as a hidebound and conservative institution. The authors use textual analysis of UN documents combined with Grunig and Hunt’s four public relations (PR) models to track the DPI’s transformation from an organization that favoured the one-way dissemination of objective information to an institution ready to embrace two-way symmetric public relations. Though useful, these models were unable to explain the driving forces behind the DPI’s transition from one model to another or detailed changes within models at a micro level. To remedy this, the authors incorporate Harry Nyström’s basic model of organizational innovation illuminating incremental changes within the DPI between 1946 and 1989, as well as the transformative changes that were driven by the end of the Cold War, new communications technologies, and Kofi Annan’s leadership in the 1990s and 2000s.
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Estaswara, Helpris, and Diana Anggraeni. "Mengelola Corporate Crisis Melalui Transformasi Model Stakeholder Relations di Era Digital." CoverAge: Journal of Strategic Communication 9, no. 1 (September 3, 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35814/coverage.v9i1.1111.
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Managing stakeholders in the era of digital society become more complicated and the corporate crisis is highly potential to come forward. Consequently, to develop a long-term profitable relationship with the stakeholders requires dialogue based method. However, many corporate implement stakeholder relationship model remain derived from the understanding that corporate is the centre of all stakeholders, or corporate-centric model. A new model of system-centric than proposed in order to deal with the stakeholders in the era of digital society. The model implies that the corporate will be no longer being a central of stakeholders. It means the position of the corporate being a part of the system and involve symmetrical two-way communication strategy. This paper aimed at, firstly to elaborate a social network that would be potential to create the crisis if the corporate is not implementing the system-centric model that requires the development of multi-stakeholders learning dialogues. Secondly, it also analyzed the steps should be taken into account in order to transform traditional model toward symmetrical communication model of stakeholder relationship. Furthermore, method of literature review was applied as a basis of theoretical construction on stakeholder relationship model that should be engaged in avoiding of the crisis.
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Kang, Minjeong, and Minjung Sung. "How symmetrical employee communication leads to employee engagement and positive employee communication behaviors." Journal of Communication Management 21, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 82–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcom-04-2016-0026.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how a company’s symmetrical internal communication efforts could influence its employees’ perception of relationship outcomes with the company and the subsequent employee communication behaviors about the company to others and their turnover intention. Additionally, the mediation effects of employee-organization relationship (EOR) quality between symmetrical internal communication and employee engagement were tested. Design/methodology/approach The study collected the data from a survey of randomly selected 438 individuals who work as sales representatives of the case organization. Respondents were randomly selected through stratified sampling. For the overall statistical procedure, this study adopted the two-step structural equation modeling: on the basis of the final measurement model analysis from confirmatory factor analysis, the proposed structural model was tested using latent variables. Findings The findings of this research clearly demonstrate: employee/internal communication management is linked with employee engagement; employee engagement enhances supportive employee communication behaviors and reduces turnover intention. Also, the mediation results show strong mediation of EORs on the effects of symmetrical internal communication on employee engagement. Research limitations/implications Employees’ communication behaviors such as megaphoning and scouting have special strategic values to organizations. With information seeking, selecting, forwarding, and sharing behaviors of employees, organizations may obtain more valuable information than through formal procedures and channels. Professional literature has long been supporting the importance of fostering positive employee communication behaviors (ECBs), suggesting that WOM and information from the employees deemed as most trustworthy by the external publics. ECBs about their organizations may be viewed as a testament of the quality of EOR. This study results show that employee engagement plays a key role in creating positive ECBs. Practical implications Pragmatically, as noted in the findings, symmetrical communication is an important factor that leads to positive ECB. To facilitate employees’ favorable communication regarding an organization, therefore, the organization needs to practice a two-way, employee-centered symmetrical communication system in its everyday communication management. Communication managers are advised to nurture internal communication practices that listen to the employees and invite their participation in addition to providing complete and fair information to employees. Second, by showing the significant positive influence of EOR on employee engagement and ECB, the finding of the study suggests that strategic relationship management with internal publics affect overall management effectiveness. Hence, organizational managers need to adopt various relationship cultivation strategies in their communication with employees, which have been previously proposed by several studies. Originality/value The findings of the study demonstrated that the effects of employee relationship management and symmetrical internal communication indeed exist beyond ECBs to the actual managerial outcomes. The findings also suggest a three-stage model of employee communication management: employee/internal communication management antecedents; employee engagement; and supportive outcomes of effective employee communication programs, such as supportive/extra ECBs.
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Ayman, Umut, Anıl Kemal Kaya, and Ülfet Kutoğlu Kuruç. "The Impact of Digital Communication and PR Models on the Sustainability of Higher Education during Crises." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 9, 2020): 8295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208295.
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Currently, the world is going through a pandemic, COVID-19, that affects the four pillars of organizational sustainability. At this point, institutions’ sustainability depends on how they handle crisis communication. It seems that institutions that can adapt themselves to changes regarding the usage of digital communication platforms are survivors, and even winners, of this crisis. The general belief concerning education in developing countries claims that these countries are slow in adapting to technological innovations. Being a developing country, North Cyprus has a multi-cultural environment due to the presence of international students in tertiary education. This study explores how two public and two private universities maintained sustainability in higher education during COVID-19 by discussing the public relations models (PR) that they have used regarding digital communication. This study uses a qualitative content analysis and a quantitative method. The paper asserts that the effective usage of digital communication contributes to the sustainability of universities during this crisis. The findings revealed that the posts (text/image/poster) and videos these universities share are more concentrated on either press agentry or the public information model. Yet, a two-way symmetrical model that maintains dialogue within stakeholders is practiced less than the other PR models. Hence, there is a need for the universities to listen to their stakeholders not only in face to face communication but more through digital communication platforms as well.
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Gallego, Inés, Julio R. Fernández, Andrés Jiménez-Losada, and Manuel Ordóñez. "A Symmetric Banzhaf Cooperation Value for Games with a Proximity Relation among the Agents." Symmetry 12, no. 7 (July 20, 2020): 1196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12071196.
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A cooperative game represents a situation in which a set of agents form coalitions in order to achieve a common good. To allocate the benefits of the result of this cooperation there exist several values such as the Shapley value or the Banzhaf value. Sometimes it is considered that not all communications between players are feasible and a graph is introduced to represent them. Myerson (1977) introduced a Shapley-type value for these situations. Another model for cooperative games is the Owen model, Owen (1977), in which players that have similar interests form a priori unions that bargain as a block in order to get a fair payoff. The model of cooperation introduced in this paper combines these two models following Casajus (2007). The situation consists of a communication graph where a two-step value is defined. In the first step a negotiation among the connected components is made and in the second one players inside each connected component bargain. This model can be extended to fuzzy contexts such as proximity relations that consider leveled closeness between agents as we proposed in 2016. There are two extensions of the Banzhaf value to the Owen model, because the natural way loses the group symmetry property. In this paper we construct an appropriate value to extend the symmetric option for situations with a proximity relation and provide it with an axiomatization. Then we apply this value to a political situation.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Two-way symmetrical model of communications"
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Matthee, Christelle. "Towards the two-way symmetrical communication model: the use of social media to create dialogue around brands." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1370.
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Social media has radically altered today's media landscape, and presents public relations practitioners with new possibilities and opportunities to promote their companies. Social media enables public relations to observe in order to find out what people need; what content they are looking for; and how your company can help them. However, will engaging in online conversations give an organisation‘s consumers a voice? Past PR models illustrate how methods of communication was established and used in the past. However, the Grunig and Hunt two-way symmetrical model creates the possibility of two-way communication (dialogue) between consumer and organisation in which the power relations are equal. By applying Web 2.0 (social media) to these models, one can explore new ways of two-way communication. Finally by applying these elements to each other, a case study can be created to prove if social media can be used to create a dialogue between consumer and organization.
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Mettler, Jamie M. "Applying Grunig's two way symmetrical model : a Q-sort of Major League Baseball communication and public relations professionals." Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1246461.
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This study examines the roles and functions of public relations professionals in Major League Baseball. Grunig's four models of public relations were used to categorize the perceptions of the respondents regarding this subject.Eleven respondents took part in this study. All were given thirty-six statements that described typical public relations activities and philosophies. The statements were derived from original research conducted by Grunig. Each respondent was asked to sort the statements according to their perceptions of the organization in which they were currently employed.The results of this study were analyzed using the Qmethod program. Two distinct factors were revealed through this process. Factor I perceived their role as advocates for the organization (Grunig's press agency model). Factor II perceived their role a more neutral channel for communication (Grunig's public information model). Both factors believed it was important to relay the truth to the public.Department of Journalism
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Karzen, Brittany K. "#DoINeedSocialMedia: Social Media in Local Political Elections." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5522.
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More research is needed to be able to fully understand the role that social media plays in elections, specifically in local elections. Candidates need to understand how it works and how they can effectively use this new communication medium. By exploring Diffusion of Innovation Theory, Social Information Processing Theory, and the Two-Way Symmetrical Model of communications this study sought to answer one overarching question: how should a candidate employ social media in a local election? This qualitative, single case study explores the 2014 recall and general election in Yorba Linda, California. Councilman Tom Lindsey and candidate Matt Palmer are the primary subjects of study. Observations were made through analysis of documentation, interviews, and participant and direct observation. The researcher was employed as the campaign manager for both Lindsey's and Palmer's campaigns. The findings support the use of social media in local campaigns on a case by case basis. Determining use depends on the demographics of the voters and the abilities of the candidate. The data suggests that social media needs to be part of comprehensive strategy that includes traditional communication tools. Observations from the case study illustrate the need for candidates to engage in two-way communication that is monitored and regulated. This study begins to establish social media as a tool that candidates can use to inexpensively reach voters in a way that showcases the candidate's personality and allows them to connect on a personal level with constituents. Social media will play a role in politics at all levels.
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Fourie, Lynnette Mitzi. "Partybeheerde kommunikasie in die Noordwesprovinsie tydens die Suid-Afrikaanse algemene verkiesing van 1999 / Lynnette Mitzi Fourie." Thesis, North-West University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/182.
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This study examines the party-controlled communication of the five most important political
parties in the North West Province of South Africa during the 1999 general elections.
The main assumption is that political parties in developing democracies have a normative
obligation to do more than canvas for votes during an election campaign. Political parties
should also be instrumental through their communication in fostering a democratic political
culture. Central to this argument is the notion that a typical marketing approach is not suitable
for an election campaign in a developing democracy. In accordance with the participatory
approach to development, it is thus proposed that the two-way symmetrical model for public
relations (as proposed by James Grunig) is a more appropriate approach to election
campaigns. Especially relevant for this study is the two-way symmetrical model's emphasis
on interaction and the establishment of long tern relationships with target publics.
Through an extensive qualitative analysis of all relevant material (party manifests, newspaper
advertisements, radio advertisements, pamphlets, posters and web pages), it was found that
South African political parties placed much less emphasis on the "image" of the party or its
leader compared to their American counterparts. However, that did not imply that the
substance of the message was emphasised adequately. On the contrary, the political parties
participating in the elections in the North-West province generally failed the normative
criteria of informing voters and identifying democratic values adequately.
Furthermore it was found that the cognitive and emotional campaign messages were not fully
integrated. While the focus was on typical election issues (emotional message), these issues
were not explained and contextualised within a developing democracy to the full extend
(cognitive message). Therefore the emotional message was not utilised to focus the voter's
attention on policy issues and democratic values.
In conclusion it is argued that political parties should do much more than merely canvas for
votes. They should also empower voters by informing them on their policy issues and
highlighting democratic values in society. Only then the new South African democracy will
be sustainable.Thesis (Ph.D. (Communication Studies))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.
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Allen, Megan. "Twitter usage by professional sports teams: A content analysis." Scholarly Commons, 2015. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/199.
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Twitter has become a foremost public relations tool due to its capacity to facilitate two-way communication; however research suggests few organizations are using it effectively to engage in conversation with their customers (Rybalko & Seltzer, 2010; Briones, Kuch, Liu, & Jin, 2011; Lovejoy, Waters, & Saxon, 2012; Waters & Jamal, 2011). Using Grunig and Hunt's (1984) models of public relations and uses and gratifications theory (Katz, Blumler, & Gurevitch, 1974) as the guiding framework, this study examines how teams in the National Hockey League (NHL) communicate with fans on Twitter. The study used a content analysis and coded 815 team tweets into one of five content themes based on the fan gratification being met. Findings revealed that teams are most likely to meet fans' information needs and use models of press agentry and public information, despite the opportunity for conversation and relationship building Twitter provides. The results indicate there is a lack of two-way conversation being facilitated by NHL teams to build relationships with fans. The results of this study will inform sports teams, as well as other organizations, on current and future communication strategies on social media.
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Faulk, Eric Jonathan. "Symmetrical public relations surgery : two-way symmetrical suggestions for physicians and the medical device industry." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2012-05-5423.
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The public relations field is rapidly adopting two-way symmetrical communications as a way to achieve excellence and win-win solutions for multiple publics. This paper focuses on activism and industry public relations approaches involving a group of expert physicians in Houston and the medical devices industry. After exploring two-way symmetrical communications and the Excellence Theory of Public Relations, the paper explores these physicians’ viewpoints and provides an overview of the medical device industry. The discussion then provides public relations suggestions for the physicians to symmetrically approach the industry to create change. Next, the paper recommends how the medical device industry can respond to work with the physicians and to prevent possible public relations damage and crisis. The paper concludes by expressing the importance of applying symmetrical communications methods to solve challenges and create win-win solutions.text
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Slabbert, Yolandi. "A strategic sequential, integrated, sustainable organisation-stakeholder relationship (SISOSR) model for building stakeholder partnerships : a corporate communication perspective." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/8836.
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A dominant focus on organisational stakeholders is currently evident in both the literature and in practice since it is argued that the success of organisations is predominantly dependent on stakeholders’ perception of the organisation. This stakeholder emphasis is evident in the inclusion of a chapter on governing stakeholder relations in the King III report and the development of various stakeholder standards in South Africa, including corporate social investment, corporate governance, corporate citizenship, corporate sustainability and the triple bottom line. Despite the recognition of the importance and necessity of building and maintaining stakeholder relations in the literature, there is a dearth of research on how to actually build these relationships. The aim of this study was to address this shortcoming by proposing a generic, integrated approach to sustainable organisation-stakeholder relationship (OSR) building with strategic stakeholders whereby strategic stakeholder identification, OSR development and OSR maintenance, which are often studied independently, would be integrated in order to constitute a new unified model. This model will promote a sustainable OSR-building process for organisation-stakeholder partnership (OSP) development.The following three building blocks for such a model were proposed: a strategic communication foundation that promotes the integration of specific corporate communication functions that is practised from a two-way symmetrical communication perspective as the basis for effective OSR building; a theoretical foundation, which is an integration of Freeman’s stakeholder concept (1984) from a normative, relational viewpoint, Ferguson’s relational paradigm for public relations (1984) and Ledingham’s (2003) theory of relationship management, encapsulated by Grunig’s (1984) excellence theory, of which the proposed OSR-building model would be a pragmatic representation; and a conceptualisation of the OSR-building model where the actual phases of the OSR-building process would be proposed to provide step-by-step guidance for OSR building. This model promotes a partnership approach with strategic stakeholders, which is based on the proposition of an OSR development continuum, which implies that an OSR could grow in intensity over time, from a foundational OSR, mutually-beneficial OSR, sustainable OSR, to ultimate organisational-stakeholder partnerships (OSPs).
This model was built from a corporate communication perspective, and subsequently highlighted the contribution of corporate communication in the organisation as an OSR-building function to ensure organisational effectiveness. This study provided an exploratory literature review to constitute a conceptual framework for OSR-building of which the principles of the framework would be further explored and measured in leading listed South African organisations, by means of a quantitative web-based survey and qualitative one-on-one interviews to compose an OSR-building model that provides guidance on the process of OSR building on the basis of insights from theory and practice.Ingevolge die argument dat die sukses van organisasies hoofsaaklik afhanklik is van die persepsies wat belangegroepe oor organisasies het, word ‘n dominante fokus tans op organisatoriese belangegroepe in die literatuur en praktyk geplaas. Die fokus op belangegroepe is sigbaar in die insluiting van ‘n hoofstuk oor die bou van belangegroepverhoudings in die King III verslag asook die ontwikkeling van verskeie belangegroepstandaarde in Suid Afrika, wat korporatiewe sosiale verantwoordelikheid, korporatiewe burgerskap, korporatiewe volhoubaarheid en drievoudige eindresultaat insluit. Ten spyte daarvan dat die belangrikheid en noodsaaklikheid van die bou en behoud van belangegroepverhoudings erken word in die literatuur, is daar ‘n tekort aan navorsing oor hoe om die verhoudings te bou. Die studie poog om dié tekortkoming aan te spreek deur middel van ‘n generiese, geϊntegreerde benadering vir volhoubare organisatoriese-belangegroepvershoudings (OBV) met strategiese belangegroepe voor te stel, waar strategiese belangegroep identifikasie, OBV ontwikkeling en OBV instandhouding, aspekte wat dikwels afsonderlik bestudeer word, geintegreer word in ‘n nuwe, verenigde model. Hierdie model sal ’n volhoubare OBV verbouiingsproses voorstel vir die ontwikkeling van organisatoriese-belangegroepvennootskappe. Drie boustene word vir die model voorgestel naamlik; ‘n strategiese kommunkasie fondasie wat die integrasie van spesifieke korporatiewe kommunikasie funksies vanuit ‘n twee-rigting simmetriese kommunikasie perspektief as basis vir die effektiewe bou van OBV insluit; ‘n teoretiese fondasie wat ‘n integrasie van Freeman (1984) se belangegroepkonsep van ‘n normatiewe, verhoudingsstandpunt, Ferguson (1984) se verhoudingsparadigma vir openbare skakelwerk en Ledingham (2003) se verhoudingsbestuursteorie insluit, omhul deur Grunig (1984) se uitnemendheidsteorie, waarvan die voorgestelde OBV model ‘n praktiese voorstelling sal wees; en ‘n konseptualisering van OBV-verbouing wat die fases van die OBV proses sal stipuleer om stap-vir-stap riglyne vir die bou van OBV voor te stel. ‘n Vennootskapsbenadering met strategiese belangegroepe word voorgestel deur die model, wat gebaseer is op die proposisie van ‘n OBV ontwikkelingskontinuum, wat impliseer dat ‘n OBV oor tyd in intensiteit kan groei van ‘n basiese OBV, wedersydse voordelige OBV, volhoubare OBV tot ‘n uiteindelike organisatoriese-belangegroepvennootskap. Die model is gebou uit ‘n korporatiewe kommunikasiestandpunt, wat gevolglik die bydrae van korporatiewe kommunikasie in die organisasie as ’n OBV-verbouingsfunksie om organisatoriese effektiwiteit te verseker, beklemtoon. Die studie bied ‘n verkennende literatuurstudie om ’n konseptuele raamwerk vir OBV-verbouing daar te stel, waarvan die beginsels van die raamwerk verder verken en gemeet is in gelysde Suid-Afrikaanse organisasies deur middel van ‘n kwantitatiewe web-gebaseerde opname en een-tot-een onderhoude om ’n OBV-verbouingsmodel te ontwikkel wat riglyne vir die proses van OBV-verbouing bied, gebaseer op beide teoretiese en praktiese insigte.
Communication Science
D. Litt. et Phil. (Communication)
Book chapters on the topic "Two-way symmetrical model of communications"
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Grunig, James E. "World View, Ethics, and the Two-Way Symmetrical Model of Public Relations." In Normative Aspekte der Public Relations, 69–89. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-97043-5_4.
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Leung, Ming Lam, Yang Li, and Shengyu Zhang. "Tight Bounds on Communication Complexity of Symmetric XOR Functions in One-Way and SMP Models." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 403–8. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20877-5_39.
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Kannouf, Nabil, Mohamed Labbi, Mohammed Benabdellah, and Abdelmalek Azizi. "Security of Information Exchange Between Readers and Tags." In Security and Privacy in Smart Sensor Networks, 368–96. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5736-4.ch016.
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RFID (radio frequency identification) systems tend to be one of the most predominant computing technologies due to their low cost and their broad applicability. Latest technologies have brought costs down, and standards are being developed. Now the RFID technology is very important and essential. It is used for innovative applications in personnel services. RFID technology is based on tags, distance and frequency, communication mode, antenna and power transfer, and communication. The attacks are based on the way the RFID systems are communicating and the way that are transferred between the entities of an RFID network (tags, readers). Securing information exchange between readers and tags needs some cryptography methods like symmetric (affine method, block stream method, etc.) or asymmetric (RSA, ECC, etc.) key methods. In this chapter, the authors compare methods based on complexity and power. Then they choose the best for securing communication between RFID tags and RFID readers.
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Gümüş, İlknur. "The Coexistence of Violence and Aesthetics in Performance Art." In Advances in Media, Entertainment, and the Arts, 36–49. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4655-0.ch003.
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During the performances based on performance art, the audience and the performers are in interactive communication. Along with the performance art, artistic communication becomes symmetrical and the artist with the audience share an emotional and mutual sharing. Performance art is an important example of artistic communication model. In addition, the art of performance opposes the social, physical, spiritual borders we are in, and deals with issues such as supervision policies, religious and ideological exploits, identity and gender discrimination, diseases, unemployment, economic and ecological problems. It is seen that performance art frequently uses the aesthetics of violence while addressing these issues. In this chapter, two important representatives, who use violent of aesthetics in their performing arts, Marina Abramovic and Hermann Nitsch, will be the subjects.
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Prajapat, Shaligram, and Ramjeevan Singh Thakur. "Towards Parameterized Shared Key for AVK Approach." In Pattern and Data Analysis in Healthcare Settings, 61–78. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0536-5.ch004.
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“Key” plays a vital role in every symmetric key cryptosystem. The obvious way of enhancing security of any cryptosystem is to keep the key as large as possible. But it may not be suitable for low power devices since higher computation will be done for longer keys and that will increase the power requirement which decreases the device's performance. In order to resolve the former specified problem an alternative approach can be used in which the length of key is fixed and its value varies in every session. This is Time Variant Key approach or Automatic Variable Key (AVK) approach. The Security of AVK based cryptosystem is enhanced by exchanging some parameters instead of keys between the communicating parties, then these parameters will be used to generate required keys at the receiver end. This chapter presents implementation of the above specified Mechanism. A model has been demonstrated with parameterized scheme and issues in AVK approach. Further, it has been analyzed from different users' perspectives. This chapter also highlights the benefits of AVK model to ensure two levels of security with characterization of methods for AVK and Estimation of key computation based on parameters only. The characteristic components of recent styles of key design with consideration of key size, life time of key and breaking threshold has also been pointed out. These characteristics are essential in the design of efficient symmetric key cryptosystem. The novel approach of AVK based cryptosystem is suitable for low power devices and useful for exchanging very large objects or files. This scheme has been demonstrated with Fibonacci-Q matrix and sparse matrix based diffused key information exchange procedures. These models have been further tested from perspective of hackers and cryptanalyst, to exploit any weakness with fixed size dynamic keys.
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Prajapat, Shaligram, and Ramjeevan Singh Thakur. "Towards Parameterized Shared Key for AVK Approach." In Cryptography, 239–56. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1763-5.ch014.
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“Key” plays a vital role in every symmetric key cryptosystem. The obvious way of enhancing security of any cryptosystem is to keep the key as large as possible. But it may not be suitable for low power devices since higher computation will be done for longer keys and that will increase the power requirement which decreases the device's performance. In order to resolve the former specified problem an alternative approach can be used in which the length of key is fixed and its value varies in every session. This is Time Variant Key approach or Automatic Variable Key (AVK) approach. The Security of AVK based cryptosystem is enhanced by exchanging some parameters instead of keys between the communicating parties, then these parameters will be used to generate required keys at the receiver end. This chapter presents implementation of the above specified Mechanism. A model has been demonstrated with parameterized scheme and issues in AVK approach. Further, it has been analyzed from different users' perspectives. This chapter also highlights the benefits of AVK model to ensure two levels of security with characterization of methods for AVK and Estimation of key computation based on parameters only. The characteristic components of recent styles of key design with consideration of key size, life time of key and breaking threshold has also been pointed out. These characteristics are essential in the design of efficient symmetric key cryptosystem. The novel approach of AVK based cryptosystem is suitable for low power devices and useful for exchanging very large objects or files. This scheme has been demonstrated with Fibonacci-Q matrix and sparse matrix based diffused key information exchange procedures. These models have been further tested from perspective of hackers and cryptanalyst, to exploit any weakness with fixed size dynamic keys.
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Chen, Sheng. "Complex-Valued Symmetric Radial Basis Function Network for Beamforming." In Complex-Valued Neural Networks, 143–67. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-214-5.ch007.
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The complex-valued radial basis function (RBF) network proposed by Chen et al. (1994) has found many applications for processing complex-valued signals, in particular, for communication channel equalization and signal detection. This complex-valued RBF network, like many other existing RBF modeling methods, constitutes a black-box approach that seeks typically a sparse model representation extracted from the training data. Adopting black-box modeling is appropriate, if no a priori information exists regarding the underlying data generating mechanism. However, a fundamental principle in practical data modelling is that if there exists a priori information concerning the system to be modeled it should be incorporated in the modeling process. Many complex-valued signal processing problems, particularly those encountered in communication signal detection, have some inherent symmetric properties. This contribution adopts a grey-box approach to complex-valued RBF modeling and develops a complex-valued symmetric RBF (SRBF) network model. The application of this SRBF network is demonstrated using nonlinear beamforming assisted detection for multiple-antenna aided wireless systems that employ complex-valued modulation schemes. Two training algorithms for this complex-valued SRBF network are proposed. The first method is based on a modified version of the cluster-variation enhanced clustering algorithm, while the second method is derived by modifying the orthogonal-forward-selection procedure based on Fisher ratio of class separability measure. The effectiveness of the proposed complex-valued SRBF network and the efficiency of the two training algorithms are demonstrated in nonlinear beamforming application.
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Farouk, Ahmed, Mohamed Elhoseny, Josep Batle, Mosayeb Naseri, and Aboul Ella Hassanien. "A Proposed Architecture for Key Management Schema in Centralized Quantum Network." In Handbook of Research on Machine Learning Innovations and Trends, 997–1021. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2229-4.ch044.
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Most existing realizations of quantum key distribution (QKD) are point-to-point systems with one source transferring to only one destination. Growth of these single-receiver systems has now achieved a reasonably sophisticated point. However, many communication systems operate in a point-to-multi-point (Multicast) configuration rather than in point-to-point mode, so it is crucial to demonstrate compatibility with this type of network in order to maximize the application range for QKD. Therefore, this chapter proposed architecture for implementing a multicast quantum key distribution Schema. The proposed architecture is designed as a Multicast Centralized Key Management Scheme Using Quantum Key Distribution and Classical Symmetric Encryption. In this architecture, a secured key generation and distribution solution has been proposed for a single host sending to two or more (N) receivers using centralized Quantum Multicast Key Distribution Centre and classical symmetric encryption.
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Feng, Lixiao, Junjie Bai, Chengyuan Chen, Jun Peng, and Guorong Chen. "Implanted Cardiac Pacemaker Mathematical Modeling and Research Based on the Volume Conduction." In Biotechnology, 923–39. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8903-7.ch036.
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The research of the communication between implanted Cardiac Pacemaker and external devices is a focus. In this paper, a data communications model based Volume Conduction is creatively presented, in this way the human body conductive ability will been utilized to transmit current, which is more effective and decrease for harm of the human body than the other ways, such as: RF, Optical Transcutaneous, etc. As the frequency increases the KHz level, the effect of background biological noise is considered negligible, the channel is thus modeled as AWGN channel in these frequencies. From Shannon information theory, in two-dimensional modulation, the volume conduction channel capacity formula was derived, further derivation: with extremely low SNR using in the two-level modulation can be very effective use of channel capacity, with high SNR a multi-level modulation is used in order to make full use of the channel capacity. Matlab software is used to the channel simulation, the input and output signal waveforms and eye diagram comparison, the curves of the BER and SNR.
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Taylor, D. Bruce, Jean P. Vintinner, and Karen D. Wood. "Professional Development 1.5." In Professional Development and Workplace Learning, 314–35. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8632-8.ch020.
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Technology is shaping and reshaping K-12 teaching and learning across grade levels and subject areas. The emergence of Information Communications Technologies have changed the nature of literacy including what it means to read and write. Despite these transformations, schools have been slow to integrate technology in meaningful ways. New curricula like the Common Core have attempted to bridge the gap between teaching and learning and the use of technology; however, teacher professional development has yet to catch up with these changes. The focus of this chapter is on two models of teacher professional development used to engage and prepare inservice teachers for using digital technologies and Web 2.0 tools in their writing instruction. The authors explore the challenges and benefits of both models and discuss what they have learned about teacher professional development around technology and writing. They argue that while neither model is a “best way” of approaching teacher professional development, elements of both are beneficial in meeting the needs of teachers.
Conference papers on the topic "Two-way symmetrical model of communications"
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Withers, Lang P. "A Quasi-Symmetric Model for the Two-Way MIMO Communication Channel." In 2007 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2007.366511.
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Zhu, Xinhua, Qingsong Guo, and Bo Zhang. "A Wikipedia Two-Way Link Vector Model for Measuring Semantic Relatedness." In 2018 IEEE SmartWorld, Ubiquitous Intelligence & Computing, Advanced & Trusted Computing, Scalable Computing & Communications, Cloud & Big Data Computing, Internet of People and Smart City Innovation (SmartWorld/SCALCOM/UIC/ATC/CBDCom/IOP/SCI). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smartworld.2018.00088.
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Anwar, Arifa, Syed Tariq Shah, Syed Faraz Hasan, and Dong Ryeol Shin. "SWIPT-Based Three-Step Multiplicative Amplify-and-Forward Two-Way Relay Networks with Non-Linear Energy Conversion Model." In 2018 IEEE 4th International Conference on Computer and Communications (ICCC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/compcomm.2018.8780629.
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Miao, Min, Jingpeng Bu, Liwei Zhao, Yufeng Jin, and Yangfei Zhang. "A Bulk Micromachined Tunable Dual-Mode Microwave Bandpass Filter on Coplanar Waveguide." In 2008 Second International Conference on Integration and Commercialization of Micro and Nanosystems. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/micronano2008-70023.
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This paper proposes a bulk micromachined bandpass filter on 0.5mm-thick Pyrex glass, whose operation is based on the splitting of the odd and even degenerate mode in a dual-mode resonator, with the addition of a perturbation element. In such a way, a filter may require only half resonators of a traditional one, resulting in a more compact configuration over those ever reported. A 4%-bandwidth bandpass filter centered at 17GHz was designed. The square-ring-like coplanar waveguide (CPW) act as a dual-mode resonator, and an open-circuited stub attached to the inner corner of the square-ring acts as the perturbation element and dominates the filter bandwidth. The two bulk-micromachined switches for tuning are placed symmetrically along the diagonal line. Since the electrical length of CPW is extended after being loaded by capacitive switches, both the degenerate resonating frequencies and the filter mid-band frequency are shifted downward. Theoretical formulas are derived for various actuation states of all the switches. The filter performance is analysed also using finite-element fullwave tools. A frequency shift of 0.6GHz is seen which is close to 0.58GHz obtained from analytical solutions. Both the original and tuned state come with satisfying microwave performance, i.e. low passband insertion-loss (< 0.5dB) and return-loss (< −15dB) and high stopband rejection. It is also shown that the simulated result is in good agreement with theoretical solutions. The bulk microfabrication is shown to be much simpler than surface micromachining conventionally used for RF MEMS switches. Since the bridge skeleton is Si, thermal mismatch between all-metal bridge and dielectric substrate is avoided, and reliability at elevated temperature is guaranteed or at least greatly improved. Besides, the p++ doped Si line patterned simultaneously with the microbridges, can also be used as a DC biasing resistor, which can eliminate the additional steps to fabricate the resistive alloy line. The tested results of the fabricated switch samples are also shown. The device may be a good candidate for novel Ku-band inter-scientific satellite communication or wireless networking.
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Tomov, Petar, Sofiane Khelladi, Christophe Sarraf, and Farid Bakir. "Numerical Modeling of Aerated Cavitation Using a Penalization Approach for Air Bubble Modeling Coupled to Homogeneous Equilibrium Model." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-39844.
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Cavitation is a well-known physical phenomena occurring in various technical applications. It appears when the pressure of the liquid drops below the saturation pressure. Coupling aeration in a cavitating flow is a recent technique to control the overall effect of the cavitation. It is achieved by introducing air bubbles into the flow. In order to reveal and explore the behaviour of air gas in the vicinity of the cavitation region, the paper is oriented towards the physics of the colliding vapor phase bubbles and cavitating regions. The re-entrant jet may influence the dynamics of the bubbles as well as the frequency of cavitation separation. Therefore, a two-way coupling between the fluid flow and the introduced vapor is of capital importance. By penalizing the strain rate tensor in the Homogeneous Mixture Model, the two-way coupling has been achieved. The contact-handling algorithm is based on the projections of the velocity fields of the injected particles over the velocity field of the fluid flow. At each time step the gradient of the distance between the bubbles, is kept non-negative as a guarantee of the physical non overlapping. The bubbles’ collisions are considered as inelastic. The differential equations system is composed of the Navier-Stokes equations, implemented with the Homogeneous Mixture Model. A high-order Finite Volume (FV) solver based on Moving Least Squares (MLS) approximations is used. The code uses a SLAU-type Riemann solver for the accurate calculation of the low Mach numbers. The computational domain is a symmetrical 2D venturi duct with an 18°–8° convergent/divergent angles respectively.
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Muntean, Sebastian, Alin Ilie Bosioc, Ionel Aurel Drăghici, and Liviu Eugen Anton. "Investigation and Analysis of the Flow Field Induced by a Symmetrical Suction Elbow at the Pump Inlet." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2019-5066.
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Abstract The pump inlet casing deflects the fluid flow from the inlet pipe, mainly arranged normally to the axis, into the axial direction. The pump inlet casing can take a large variety of geometrical shapes from curved pipes to three-dimensional elbows. The hydrodynamic field induced by symmetrical suction elbow (SSE) at the pump inlet is experimentally investigated in order to quantify it effects at the pump inlet. The pump test rig and the experimental setup are detailed. A SSE model is installed at the pump inlet. Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) measurements are performed on the annular cross section located at the pump inlet. As a result, the map of the velocity field is determined quantifying the non-uniformities induced by SSE. Next, the full 3D turbulent numerical investigation of the flow in the SSE is performed. The numerical results on the annular cross section are qualitatively and quantitatively validated against LDV data. A good agreement between numerical results and experimental data is obtained. The hydrodynamic flow structure with several pairs of vortices is identified examining the vorticity field. However, two pairs of vortices with largest contribution to the flow non-uniformity are examined. Three parameters are considered to quantify the evolution of each vortex center: two geometrical quantities (e.g. the radial and angular coordinates) and one hydrodynamic (the magnitude of vorticity). The largest values of the vorticity magnitude are identified in the center of both vortices located behind the shaft. The 3D distribution of the vortex core filaments is visualized. As a result, the 3D geometry of the SSE and the pump shaft are identified as the main sources of the flow non-uniformity at the pump inlet. This deep analysis of the 3D flow field induced by the SSE paves the way towards an improved geometry with practical applications to real pump and pump-turbines.
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Chen, Qian, Xuefeng Sun, and Zhihong Shangguan. "A Utility Model of Environmental Radiation Online Monitoring System of Nuclear Power Plants." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-16842.
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Most of the existing nuclear power plants locate in coastal mountainous region. In the traditional way, radio communication is used between the environmental radiation monitoring stations and monitoring center. As the terrain and thunderstorms have great impact on radio, the signal is easily disturbed or intercepted. At the same time, the technologies and functions of the conventional system is no able to fully meet the requirements of the environmental monitoring of nuclear power plant in new situation. A utility model of environmental radiation online monitoring system of nuclear power plants is put forward to solve the former problems. The system includes a monitoring center with capability of data processing and multiple monitoring stations with capability of environmental radiation online monitoring. Each of stations has radiation detectors as the monitoring center consists of a main server and a backup server. The communications between the monitoring center and Stations include wire communication and wireless communication. Wire communication mentioned above consists of public telephone network and telephone lines between the network and monitoring stations. The wireless communication mentioned above consists of public telecommunication service network and virtual private network (VPN) which is able to transfer data confidentially. Through the network, monitoring center uses two servers to provide wire and wireless data reception service. Monitoring stations choose one of the normal channels to transfer environmental radiation monitoring data. Based on the status of communication, data will be shared and synchronized automatically between the main server and backup server. On the basic of the architecture of equipment and network, some software systems are designed and developed. The main subsystems of the software systems are the data acquisition workstation software systems and the central station software system. These two kinds of subsystems play different role in system. Some new computer technology (such as Microsoft .Net, Geographic Information System) is used in these software systems to provide better functions which include data storage, data management, data show, statistics and analysis to enhance efficiency and reliability. In the practical application of some NPPs in China, the utility model solves the former problems of environmental radiation online monitoring effectively and makes the system more dependable. It can be transplanted and popularized in other coastal nuclear power plants.
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Zhou, Jinxuan (Janice), Vrushank Phadnis, and Alison Olechowski. "Analysis of Designer Emotions in Collaborative and Traditional Computer-Aided Design." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-98516.
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Abstract Technology is transforming the way engineering designers work and interact with others; Synchronous collaborative computer-aided design (CAD) tools allow designers to manipulate the same model at the same time. We present a new method using automated facial emotion detection software and cursor tracking to map designer emotions and corresponding designer activities in synchronous collaborative CAD. We present findings from a dataset of 9 participants that were assigned to two distinct working styles in the same synchronous CAD environment: single participants working by themselves and paired participants working together. In general, our results show that designers working in the paired workflow exhibited more emotion compared to designers who worked alone. A frequency analysis was performed by linking occurrences of each emotional response to their antecedent activities, revealing that user emotions were predictable to some degree by specific antecedent activities of CAD work. We concluded that activities happening in the graphics area were the most frequent antecedent events of emotions for single-users, while for paired participants, activities in the chat section and feature menu were the most frequent antecedent events for joy and fear, respectively. Finally, logistic regression was applied for each combination of event and emotion for each participant in order to further investigate the relationships between the user activities and emotions, and meta-regression was used to aggregate the regression results for the two different working styles. In particular, for single-users, activities in the model tree were found to be positively correlated to joy and negatively correlated to disgust, and navigating the feature menu increased the likelihood of contempt. For participants in pairs, communicating with CAD partner and receiving communications from partner was associated with joy, navigating the feature menu was associated with sadness, anger and disgust were associated with partner’s action in the model tree, and contempt corresponded to the designer’s own activities in the model tree area. The approach and conclusions presented in this paper allow us to better understand designer emotions in fully synchronous CAD, which leads to insight related to designer satisfaction, creativity, performance and other outcomes valued by engineering designers in a virtual collaborative environment.
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Schneider, Jerry, Jeffrey Wagner, and Judy Connell. "Restoring Public Trust While Tearing Down Site in Rural Ohio." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7319.
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In the mid-1980s, the impact of three decades of uranium processing near rural Fernald, Ohio, 18 miles northwest of Cincinnati, became the centre of national public controversy. When a series of incidents at the uranium foundry brought to light the years of contamination to the environment and surrounding farmland communities, local citizens’ groups united and demanded a role in determining the plans for cleaning up the site. One citizens’ group, Fernald Residents for Environmental Safety and Health (FRESH), formed in 1984 following reports that nearly 300 pounds of enriched uranium oxide had been released from a dust-collector system, and three off-property wells south of the site were contaminated with uranium. For 22 years, FRESH monitored activities at Fernald and participated in the decision-making process with management and regulators. The job of FRESH ended on 19 January this year when the U.S. Secretary of Energy Samuel Bodman and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Stephen Johnson — flanked by local, state, and national elected officials, and citizen-led environmental watchdog groups including FRESH — officially declared the Fernald Site clean of all nuclear contamination and open to public access. It marked the end of a remarkable turnaround in public confidence and trust that had attracted critical reports from around the world: the Cincinnati Enquirer; U.S. national news programs 60 Minutes, 20/20, Nightline, and 48 Hours; worldwide media outlets from the British Broadcasting Company and Canadian Broadcasting Company; Japanese newspapers; and German reporters. When personnel from Fluor arrived in 1992, the management team thought it understood the issues and concerns of each stakeholder group, and was determined to implement the decommissioning scope of work aggressively, confident that stakeholders would agree with its plans. This approach resulted in strained relationships with opinion leaders during the early months of Fluor’s contract. To forge better relationships, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) who owns the site, and Fluor embarked on three new strategies based on engaging citizens and interested stakeholder groups in the decision-making process. The first strategy was opening communication channels with site leadership, technical staff, and regulators. This strategy combined a strong public-information program with two-way communications between management and the community, soliciting and encouraging stakeholder participation early in the decision-making process. Fluor’s public-participation strategy exceeded the “check-the-box” approach common within the nuclear-weapons complex, and set a national standard that stands alone today. The second stakeholder-engagement strategy sprang from mending fences with the regulators and the community. The approach for dispositioning low-level waste was a 25-year plan to ship it off the site. Working with stakeholders, DOE and Fluor were able to convince the community to accept a plan to safely store waste permanently on site, which would save 15 years of cleanup and millions of dollars in cost. The third strategy addressed the potentially long delays in finalizing remedial action plans due to formal public comment periods and State and Federal regulatory approvals. Working closely with the U.S. and Ohio Environmental Protection Agencies (EPA) and other stakeholders, DOE and Fluor were able to secure approvals of five Records of Decision on time – a first for the DOE complex. Developing open and honest relationships with union leaders, the workforce, regulators and community groups played a major role in DOE and Fluor cleaning up and closing the site. Using lessons learned at Fernald, DOE was able to resolve challenges at other sites, including worker transition, labour disputes, and damaged relationships with regulators and the community. It took significant time early in the project to convince the workforce that their future lay in cleanup, not in holding out hope for production to resume. It took more time to repair relationships with Ohio regulators and the local community. Developing these relationships over the years required constant, open communications between site decision makers and stakeholders to identify issues and to overcome potential barriers. Fluor’s open public-participation strategy resulted in stakeholder consensus of five remedial-action plans that directed Fernald cleanup. This strategy included establishing a public-participation program that emphasized a shared-decision making process and abandoned the government’s traditional, non-participatory “Decide, Announce, Defend” approach. Fernald’s program became a model within the DOE complex for effective public participation. Fluor led the formation of the first DOE site-specific advisory board dedicated to remediation and closure. The board was successful at building consensus on critical issues affecting long-term site remediation, such as cleanup levels, waste disposal and final land use. Fluor created innovative public outreach tools, such as “Cleanopoly,” based on the Monopoly game, to help illustrate complex concepts, including risk levels, remediation techniques, and associated costs. These innovative tools helped DOE and Fluor gain stakeholder consensus on all cleanup plans. To commemorate the outstanding commitment of Fernald stakeholders to this massive environmental-restoration project, Fluor donated $20,000 to build the Weapons to Wetlands Grove overlooking the former 136-acre production area. The grove contains 24 trees, each dedicated to “[a] leader(s) behind the Fernald cleanup.” Over the years, Fluor, through the Fluor Foundation, also invested in educational and humanitarian projects, contributing nearly $2 million to communities in southwestern Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana. Further, to help offset the economic impact of the site’s closing to the community, DOE and Fluor promoted economic development in the region by donating excess equipment and property to local schools and townships. This paper discusses the details of the public-involvement program — from inception through maturity — and presents some lessons learned that can be applied to other similar projects.