Relevant bibliographies by topics / Two wheeler

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Two wheeler'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 23 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Two wheeler"

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Ganesh, M. A., S. Saravana Perumaal, S. P. Preethi, and S. D. Bhavdharani. "Real time two-wheeler recognition for Surveillance." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2601, no. 1 (2023): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2601/1/012036.

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Abstract In today’s intelligent transportation systems, vision-based traffic tracking systems and automatic vehicle make and model recognition is of significant importance for surveillance. From the literature, vehicle make and model recognition has been implemented for four wheelers easily due to the presence of logo in the frontal and rear parts. But it is not feasible for two wheelers due to the insignificant differential features. Hence in this work, a robust two-wheeler recognition system has been developed with frontal, rear and side images of two wheelers which is implementable in edge devices. The contributions of the paper are (i) Development of a two-wheeler dataset with the frontal, rear and side images of two classes in Indian Scenario. (ii) Development of a two-wheeler recognition framework implementable in Raspberry pi-based devices. (iii) Evaluation of the framework in real time outdoor environment. From the experimental results it is observed that the proposed network classifies two wheelers in real time at 4s with 94% accuracy.
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Dr., V. Devaki Nandini. "A study on customer preference towards two wheelers in Coimbatore city." National Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development 3, no. 1 (2018): 796–98. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4301370.

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Within the past decade two wheeler usage indicates a rapid growth in Indian market. Among the two wheeler population, Indian two wheeler brands representing a huge portion. In this research study researcher put effort to find out what are the factors effect on decisions of consumers on two wheelers. Main purpose of this study was to identify why people prefer two wheeler brands becoming more popular and which factors effect on the purchasing decision and open up the gateway to study on this area among this study. Researcher’s previous working experience at Automotive Industry was lead to conduct the study. Data were collected from 200 respondents using questionnaire. The findings also revealed several implications for marketers to better segmentation and targeting in the automobile industry especially on two wheeler sales. Further contribution of the demographic factors such as age, gender, distance travelled how far impacted on the purchasing decisions of the two wheelers and those are helpful to marketing managers to develop their strategies.
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Vipul N, Ambade, B. Sirsat Kunal, and Manu Sharma. "Pattern of injuries in different types of victims of road traffic accident in central India: A comparative study." Journal of Forensic Science and Research 5, no. 1 (2021): 007–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.jfsr.1001021.

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Death due to road traffic accident (RTA) was one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in India. In the present cross-sectional study, only the victim using two-wheelers, four-wheelers, and pedestrians were included for comparison to determine the pattern of injuries in these victims of the road traffic accident. There was a predominance of males in all three types of victims of RTA with a peak age of incidence seen in 21-30 years in two-wheeler victims, 41-50 years in four-wheeler victims, and 51-60 years in pedestrian victims. Four-wheeler (HMV/LMV) was the commonest type of offending vehicle involved in all types of victims with collision/ dash as the commonest manner of an accident. Head was the commonest region involved in pedestrian and two-wheeler victims as compared to the thorax in four-wheeler victims of accidents. Abrasion was the commonest surface injury in two-wheeler victims and pedestrians. The laceration was more common in two-wheeler victims as compared to crushed injury in pedestrian victims of road traffic accidents. The brain was the commonest organ involved in two-wheeler and pedestrian as compared to lungs in four-wheeler victims. The liver and spleen were more commonly involved in two-wheeler victims as compared to kidneys and bladder in pedestrian
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Dr.L. Satheeskumar. "Buying Behaviour of Two-Wheeler (Automobiles Industry)." Restaurant Business 118, no. 11 (2019): 542–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/rb.v118i11.11253.

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Rural demand in Automobile, FMCG and retail is growing at a faster pace than anticipated due to rise in its consumption patterns which is creating demand and margins for Indian Inc. even as meltdown is getting deeper, says a Study Paper of The Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM) `The Rise of Rural India’. India is the second largest producer of two-wheelers in the world. In the last few years, the Indian two-wheeler industry has seen spectacular growth. The country stands next to China and Japan in terms of production and sales respectively. Majority of Indians, especially the youngsters prefer motorbikes rather than cars. Capturing a large share in the two- wheeler industry, bikes and scooters cover a major segment. The present scenario of rural marketing especially decision making process of purchasing two-wheeler in rural area, and its importance, current trends, and highlights certain problems related to rural marketing area. In this article study for the demand of two-wheelers in rural area and influence the factors of like family, friends, dealers, service and mileage for the process of purchasing a two-wheeler.
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Timilsina, Susmita, and Govinda Jnawali. "Factors Affecting Two-Wheeler Purchase Decision among College Students." Feb-Mar 2024, no. 42 (February 20, 2024): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jecnam.42.19.32.

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The study focuses on the Generation’s Z student’s preference factor for purchase decision of two wheelers in Butwal sub -metropolitan studying in community and public colleges This paper focuses on the behavioral intentions of the z generations students for acceptance of new technological products, i.e (two-wheeler) and the factors considered to be vital for the purchase of two wheeler. The primary sample of 395 structure questionnaires was collected from Z youth (18-25). The Descriptive statistics and chi squared test through IBM SPSS 25 is adopted to find the empirical fit with the hypothesis framed. The chi square analysis was done to examine association between demographic variables and purchase decisions of two wheelers. The results of chi square analysis indicated that buyer’s marital status, occupation, religion, mode of payment, purpose of two wheeler purchase, number of family members and annual family income are significantly associated with purchase decision. The various categories of demographic characteristics analyzed in the study influence buyer two wheeler brand purchase decision. The results for the marketers of twowheeler focusing on the z generation. The finding suggest the manufacturer’s credibility, reliability, price of vehicle, band image, mileage, cost of maintenance, resale value and the facility conditions influences the purchase decision of the buying the two wheelers.
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IJRAME, Journal. "DESIGN OF AIRBAG ASSEMBLY FOR TWO WHEELER." International Journal of Research in Aeronautical and Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 5 (2024): 01–07. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11224328.

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DESIGN OF AIRBAG ASSEMBLY FOR TWO WHEELER is an idea put forward with the safety concern for two wheeler rider. This concern has brought this project into existence. As per the statistic in 2022,462 deaths per day were recorded as death fatalities on road (7). This makes a rational mind to think what can be done for it. Then came the idea of airbag. Earlier airbag where used in four wheelers. But now exhaustive research is being made for two wheelers as well.        This research paper is one of the ways to eradicate accidents by designing an airbag system. Airbag is designed in such a manner that it can be used by any two wheeler rider. This design is considered because it is simple and easy to understand and use. It includes design of various parts, design of the assembly and calculations of various parts. It includes it’s working, installation and construction as well.  
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Eknath, V. R. "Factors That Affect Finance in Pre-Owned Two-Wheeler Market." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) 9, no. 2 (2020): 93–97. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.B3140.079220.

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This paper focus in identifying the important factors that affects finance in pre-owned two wheeler market. The study shows that there is so much of enquiry for finance in the pre-owned two wheeler segment. This paper also shows the market condition in the used two wheeler segment at Thrissur and Ernakulam districts of Kerala. The customer profiling, customer’s preference in vehicles, market potentiality and so on. For this purpose primary data is collected from the dealers of the used two wheelers from the Thrissur and Ernakulam districts of Kerala. The used two wheeler segment is not organized and hence the data is procured from each dealer from their respective location in the mode of interview. Even though the customers can get a brand new vehicle on finance, most of them do not prefer the new vehicle on finance and look for used vehicle on finance as per the dealers. It’s seen that sales for the dealers with finance availability for customers is more than the dealers who do not have finance facility. But in the market there are only few financers and the present financers charge too much of rates, which hit the sales for the dealers. Most of the financers in this segment have withdrawn from the market as the legal requirements and terms and conditions in providing finance to the customer changed. Thus, the market availability for the financers are high and in through this paper we will identify the factors that affect finance in pre-owned two wheeler market.
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Khan, Farzana Azam, Ramlah Naz, mehreen Fatima, Zubair ahmed Tarmizi, Qarar Abbasi, and Adina Anwar. "An Audit of Injuries Sustained in Two–Wheeler Accidents in the Metropolitan City of Karachi, Pakistan." Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences 16, no. 10 (2022): 336–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610336.

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Background: Road traffic accidents have major contribution in injury related mortality and disability in low income countries. Two-wheelers being a major mode of transportation due to absence of proper public transport system in Karachi hence most often reported accidents are related with two wheelers. In Karachi two wheelers are quite commonly being used as mode of transportation, number of two wheelers has increased to 10 folds since last 10 years because of lack of public transports and high fuel prices and easy availability on low monthly instalments. Objective: To analyze the injury pattern among two-wheeler riders in Karachi. Study Design: Retrospective study Place and Duration of Study: Three major medico-legal centres of Karachi (Civil, Jinnah, and Abbasi Shaheed Hospitals) from 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2021. Methodology: About 11444 two-wheeler incidents occurred on roads with the consent of Police Surgeon Office Karachi were enrolled. The patients' demographics, injuries sustained, date of the injuries, cause of the injuries, types of collision and outcomes were recorded. Results: Most of the riders engaged in accidents were between the ages of 18 and 30 years; 90.99% of the riders were men. The most frequent type of injuries found in two wheeler accidents were abrasions/grazes seen in (56.26%) cases followed by fractures (20.82%), head injuries (11.02%). Conclusion: Greater prevalence in the age group of 18-30 years, with male dominance analyzed. Fatal and non-fatal injuries were observed. Metro services mass transit programme to be encouraged so to decrease the traffic on road which will automatically reduce the number of accidents to wheeler as well as pillion riders strict efforts need to be made at both government and personal levels to reduce accidents in two-wheeler riders Keyword: Riders, Pillion, Road traffic accidents
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Karthikeyan, A. "Emission Control in Two Wheelers Using Magnesium Nanoparticle as a Catalyst." Applied Mechanics and Materials 766-767 (June 2015): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.766-767.343.

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Automobile emission is considered as the major source of pollution. Two wheelers are the main contributors in that due to its large number. For controlling the pollution the available methods of are pre-pollution control and post pollution control. This work is based on the post pollution control method in two-wheeler automobiles using magnesium as a catalyst. To achieve this objective, an innovative design of catalytic converter for two-wheeler automobiles is proposed using magnesium nanoparticle as a catalyst. This proposed method aims in the prevention of environmental pollution contributed from two-wheeler automobiles. It involves the use of magnesium which is cheaper than the counter parts rhodium nanoparticles, platinum, and palladium.
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Gath, Prof Sandip P. "Design of Two-Wheeler Hybrid Electric Vehicle using MATLAB-Simulink." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 5 (2024): 4489–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.62510.

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Abstract: With the rising gap between the supply and demand of oil and the market monopoly of the countries with oil reserves, the world has turned its back on traditional fuels. Not to mention the everyday rising pollution. The work and advancement in electric vehicles are reaching their peak every day and new inventions are being made in this sector, just like the mega-market players and industries. A lot of research is concentrated on the four-wheelers nevertheless, two- wheelers are a major part of transportation in the world and as compared to the four-wheelers two-wheelers don’t find the same spotlight. Our project highlighted this problem and created the simulation model of a two-wheeler hybrid electric vehicle which is a series-parallel hybrid. This simulation is constructed using MATLAB-Simulink software. This is a simulation model of a two- wheeler hybrid electric vehicle which uses a DC source (Battery) as a power source accompanied by the IC Engine. This system can shift load between the battery and IC engine so that power output can be constant, and the system can run smoothly. A DCDC bidirectional chopper is used to convert power between battery and generator which increases the efficiency of the system. In a proposed system a two-wheeler is taken into consideration with an IC engine of rpm of 2000 (for reference) is taken into consideration for simulation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Two wheeler"

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Broughton, Paul Stephen. "Risk and enjoyment in powered two wheeler use." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.506326.

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Wheeler, Tessa Verney. "Tessa Verney Wheeler : women and archaeology before World War Two." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496428.

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Fouka, Majda Amina Aida. "Contributions for parametric identification and observation of powered two-wheeler vehicles." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLE033/document.

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Au cours des dernières années, la mobilité routière a été marquée par la croissance considérable du trafic des Véhicules à Deux-Roues Motorisés (V2RM), qui demeurant désormais le mode de déplacement le plus dominant et convoité, notamment pour les possibilités qu'il offre d'esquiver les embouteillages de trafic. Cependant, les conducteurs de deux-roues motorisés sont considérés comme les usagers de la route les plus vulnérables. En effet, le risque d'être tué dans un accident est 29 fois plus élevé pour un cyclomoteur que pour un conducteur de voiture de tourisme. Ce problème est d'autant plus important lors du freinage d'urgence ou lors de la prise de virage. Alors que les systèmes de sécurité passifs et actifs (ABS, ESP, ceintures de sécurité, airbags, etc.) développés en faveur des véhicules de tourisme ont amplement contribué à la diminution des risques sur la route, cependant, le retard dans le développement de ces systèmes pour les motos est considérable. Malgré quelques systèmes existants, les conducteurs de motos les utilisent mal ou pas du tout. Ceci est dû à une mauvaise formation et cela ne contribue donc pas à l'amélioration de leur sécurité. Par conséquent, il n'est pas anodin que ce retard, dans le développement des systèmes d'aide à la conduite, résonne avec un retard dans le développement des outils de recherches théoriques. L'objectif principal de la thèse est de concevoir des systèmes d'assistance à la conduite, ARAS (Advanced Rider Assistance Systems), pour les V2RM pouvant alerter ces conducteurs en amont des situations de conduite dangereuses. De nombreux défis sont encore ouverts en ce qui concerne la conception des systèmes ARAS comme l'accessibilité des états dynamiques et paramètres physiques des V2RM ainsi que la synthèse des indicateurs de risques en visitant tous les points d'intérêts. Nous nous intéressons alors à proposer des techniques d'estimation, tout en réduisant le nombre de capteurs et en contournant la problématique de non-mesurabilité de certains variables. Par ailleurs, la synthèse de ces approches répondant à certaines exigences (modélisation, structure simple, précision, instrumentation) constitue un défi supplémentaire. La première partie de thèse est consacrée aux algorithmes d'identification classiques. Ces techniques sont conçues pour estimer les paramètres physiques inconnus des modèles paramétriques des V2RM. La deuxième partie concerne des observateurs basés modèles. Pour cela, un observateur à entrées inconnues (UIO) pour reconstruire la dynamique de la direction en tenant compte de la géométrie de la route, et, un observateur interconnecté (IFO) pour l'estimation de la dynamique longitudinale et latéral, ont été proposées. Ensuite, nous nous sommes penchés sur des méthodes alternatives aux approches d'identification, notamment des techniques d'estimations basées identification capable à la fois d'estimer les états et les paramètres au même temps. À cette occasion, un observateur retardé à entrées inconnues pour les systèmes avec un degré relatif arbitraire (DUIO), et, un observateur de Luenberger adaptative (LAO) pour l'estimation des raideurs pneumatiques ont été développées. Les méthodes proposées nécessitent une combinaison simple de capteurs et prennent en compte des hypothèses réalistes telles que la variation de vitesse longitudinale. Tous ces travaux ont été validés à l'aide de BikeSim et/sur des données expérimentales. En outre, ce manuscrit introduit un algorithme d’auto-calibration pour l’alignement des unités de mesure inertielle (IMU). Une telle méthode d’auto-étalonnage s’applique aux boîtiers télématiques (e-Box) installés sur des véhicules à deux roues, dont les axes des IMU sont souvent mal alignés avec le repère référentielle du véhicule. La dernière partie de cette thèse traite des indicateurs objectifs (comportement sur/sous vireur de la moto et la distance de sortie de la voie de circulation) pour la quantification du risque<br>Nowadays, Powered Two-Wheeled Vehicles (PTWV) are an increasingly popular means of transport in daily urban and rural displacements, especially for the possibilities it offers to avoid traffic congestion. However, riders are considered as the most vulnerable road users. In fact, the risk of being killed in an accident is $29$ times higher for a motorcycle than for a driver of a four wheeled vehicle. Therewith, the unstable nature of the PTWV makes them more susceptible to control loss. This problem is even more complex during emergency braking or on cornering maneuvers. As matter of fact, passive and active safety systems (Anti-Lock Braking (ABS), Electronic Stability Control (ESP), seat belts, airbags) developed in favour of passenger vehicles have largely contributed to the reduction of risks on the road. However, the delay in the development of security systems for motorcycles is notable. Moreover, despite some existing systems, motorcycle riders use them badly or they don't use them at all. Therefore, it is not trivial that this delay, in the development of Advanced Rider Assistance Systems (ARAS), coming from a delay in the development of theoretical and research tools. This thesis fits into the context of designing ARAS for PTWV that can alert riders upstream of dangerous driving situations. Our work deals with observation and identification techniques to estimate the PTWV dynamic states and physical parameters. These latter are fundamental for risk quantification in ARAS design and to assess the safety of the PTWV, which are the main focus of our research work. The first part of the thesis concerns classical identification techniques to estimate physical parameters of PTWV. The second part deals with model-based observers implemented to estimate the dynamic states of the PTWV. We proposed an unknown input observer (UIO) for steering and road geometry estimation and an interconnected fuzzy observer (IFO) for both longitudinal and lateral dynamics. An alternative methods for identification algorithms are observer based identifier which provide both parameters identification and states estimation. Therefore, a Luenberger adaptive observer (LAO) to estimate lateral dynamic states and pneumatic stiffness as well as a delayed unknown inputs observer (DUIO) with an arbitrary relative degree, have been developed in this thesis. As matter of fact, all these techniques allow to estimate the vehicle dynamics while reducing the number of sensors and overcoming the problem of non-measurable states and parameters. These proposed methods require a simple combination of sensors and take into account realistic assumption like the longitudinal speed variation. Among others, this manuscript introduces a self calibration algorithm for Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) alignment. Such a self-calibration method is used for telematic boxes (e-Boxes) installed on two-wheeled vehicles, whose IMUs’ axes are often result not to be aligned with the vehicle reference system. Finally, objective indicators are setting up to quantify riding risks. These functions were studied for ARAS purpose. To highlight the performance of these approaches, we have acquired data from high-fidelity motorcycle simulator and also with data from real motorcycles. To sum up, a comparison tables are drawn up for all the presented approaches. The results of both the numerical simulations and the performed experimentations seem to be quite promising
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Blackman, Ross Alexander. "The increased popularity of mopeds and motor scooters : exploring usage patterns and safety outcomes." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/52685/1/Ross_Blackman_Thesis.pdf.

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Increased use of powered two-wheelers (PTWs) often underlies increases in the number of reported crashes, promoting research into PTW safety. PTW riders are overrepresented in crash and injury statistics relative to exposure and, as such, are considered vulnerable road users. PTW use has increased substantially over the last decade in many developed countries. One such country is Australia, where moped and scooter use has increased at a faster rate than motorcycle use in recent years. Increased moped use is particularly evident in the State of Queensland which is one of four Australian jurisdictions where moped riding is permitted for car licence holders and a motorcycle licence is not required. A moped is commonly a small motor scooter and is limited to a maximum design speed of 50 km/h and a maximum engine cylinder capacity of 50 cubic centimetres. Scooters exceeding either of these specifications are classed as motorcycles in all Australian jurisdictions. While an extensive body of knowledge exists on motorcycle safety, some of which is relevant to moped and scooter safety, the latter PTW types have received comparatively little focused research attention. Much of the research on moped safety to date has been conducted in Europe where they have been popular since the mid 20th century, while some studies have also been conducted in the United States. This research is of limited relevance to Australia due to socio-cultural, economic, regulatory and environmental differences. Moreover, while some studies have compared motorcycles to mopeds in terms of safety, no research to date has specifically examined the differences and similarities between mopeds and larger scooters, or between larger scooters and motorcycles. To address the need for a better understanding of moped and scooter use and safety, the current program of research involved three complementary studies designed to achieve the following aims: (1) develop better knowledge and understanding of moped and scooter usage trends and patterns; and (2) determine the factors leading to differences in moped, scooter and motorcycle safety. Study 1 involved six-monthly observations of PTW types in inner city parking areas of Queensland’s capital city, Brisbane, to monitor and quantify the types of PTW in use over a two year period. Study 2 involved an analysis of Queensland PTW crash and registration data, primarily comparing the police-reported crash involvement of mopeds, scooters and motorcycles over a five year period (N = 7,347). Study 3 employed both qualitative and quantitative methods to examine moped and scooter usage in two components: (a) four focus group discussions with Brisbane-based Queensland moped and scooter riders (N = 23); and (b) a state-wide survey of Queensland moped and scooter riders (N = 192). Study 1 found that of the PTW types parked in inner city Brisbane over the study period (N = 2,642), more than one third (36.1%) were mopeds or larger scooters. The number of PTWs observed increased at each six-monthly phase, but there were no significant changes in the proportions of PTW types observed across study phases. There were no significant differences in the proportions or numbers of PTW type observed by season. Study 2 revealed some important differences between mopeds, scooters and motorcycles in terms of safety and usage through analysis of crash and registration data. All Queensland PTW registrations doubled between 2001 and 2009, but there was an almost fifteen-fold increase in moped registrations. Mopeds subsequently increased as a proportion of Queensland registered PTWs from 1.2 percent to 8.8 percent over this nine year period. Moped and scooter crashes increased at a faster rate than motorcycle crashes over the five year study period from July 2003 to June 2008, reflecting their relatively greater increased usage. Crash rates per 10,000 registrations for the study period were only slightly higher for mopeds (133.4) than for motorcycles and scooters combined (124.8), but estimated crash rates per million vehicle kilometres travelled were higher for mopeds (6.3) than motorcycles and scooters (1.7). While the number of crashes increased for each PTW type over the study period, the rate of crashes per 10,000 registrations declined by 40 percent for mopeds compared with 22 percent for motorcycles and scooters combined. Moped and scooter crashes were generally less severe than motorcycle crashes and this was related to the particular crash characteristics of the PTW types rather than to the PTW types themselves. Compared to motorcycle and moped crashes, scooter crashes were less likely to be single vehicle crashes, to involve a speeding or impaired rider, to involve poor road conditions, or to be attributed to rider error. Scooter and moped crashes were more likely than motorcycle crashes to occur on weekdays, in lower speed zones and at intersections. Scooter riders were older on average (39) than moped (32) and motorcycle (35) riders, while moped riders were more likely to be female (36%) than scooter (22%) or motorcycle riders (7%). The licence characteristics of scooter and motorcycle riders were similar, with moped riders more likely to be licensed outside of Queensland and less likely to hold a full or open licence. The PTW type could not be identified in 15 percent of all cases, indicating a need for more complete recording of vehicle details in the registration data. The focus groups in Study 3a and the survey in Study 3b suggested that moped and scooter riders are a heterogeneous population in terms of demographic characteristics, riding experience, and knowledge and attitudes regarding safety and risk. The self-reported crash involvement of Study 3b respondents suggests that most moped and scooter crashes result in no injury or minor injury and are not reported to police. Study 3 provided some explanation for differences observed in Study 2 between mopeds and scooters in terms of crash involvement. On the whole, scooter riders were older, more experienced, more likely to have undertaken rider training and to value rider training programs. Scooter riders were also more likely to use protective clothing and to seek out safety-related information. This research has some important practical implications regarding moped and scooter use and safety. While mopeds and scooters are generally similar in terms of usage, and their usage has increased, scooter riders appear to be safer than moped riders due to some combination of superior skills and safer riding behaviour. It is reasonable to expect that mopeds and scooters will remain popular in Queensland in future and that their usage may further increase, along with that of motorcycles. Future policy and planning should consider potential options for encouraging moped riders to acquire better riding skills and greater safety awareness. While rider training and licensing appears an obvious potential countermeasure, the effectiveness of rider training has not been established and other options should also be strongly considered. Such options might include rider education and safety promotion, while interventions could also target other road users and urban infrastructure. Future research is warranted in regard to moped and scooter safety, particularly where the use of those PTWs has increased substantially from low levels. Research could address areas such as rider training and licensing (including program evaluations), the need for more detailed and reliable data (particularly crash and exposure data), protective clothing use, risks associated with lane splitting and filtering, and tourist use of mopeds. Some of this research would likely be relevant to motorcycle use and safety, as well as that of mopeds and scooters.
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Rowden, Peter John. "Development and formative evaluation of a motorcycle rider training intervention to address risk taking." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/64240/1/Peter_Rowden_Thesis.pdf.

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The need to address on-road motorcycle safety in Australia is important due to the disproportionately high percentage of riders and pillions killed and injured each year. One approach to preventing motorcycle-related injury is through training and education. However, motorcycle rider training lacks empirical support as an effective road safety countermeasure to reduce crash involvement. Previous reviews have highlighted that risk-taking is a contributing factor in many motorcycle crashes, rather than merely a lack of vehicle-control skills (Haworth & Mulvihill, 2005; Jonah, Dawson & Bragg, 1982; Watson et al, 1996). Hence, though the basic vehicle-handling skills and knowledge of road rules that are taught in most traditional motorcycle licence training programs may be seen as an essential condition of safe riding, they do not appear to be sufficient in terms of crash reduction. With this in mind there is considerable scope for the improvement of program focus and content for rider training and education. This program of research examined an existing traditional pre-licence motorcycle rider training program and formatively evaluated the addition of a new classroom-based module to address risky riding; the Three Steps to Safer Riding program. The pilot program was delivered in the real world context of the Q-Ride motorcycle licensing system in the state of Queensland, Australia. Three studies were conducted as part of the program of research: Study 1, a qualitative investigation of delivery practices and student learning needs in an existing rider training course; Study 2, an investigation of the extent to which an existing motorcycle rider training course addressed risky riding attitudes and motives; and Study 3, a formative evaluation of the new program. A literature review as well as the investigation of learning needs for motorcyclists in Study 1 aimed to inform the initial planning and development of the Three Steps to Safer Riding program. Findings from Study 1 suggested that the training delivery protocols used by the industry partner training organisation were consistent with a learner-centred approach and largely met the learning needs of trainee riders. However, it also found that information from the course needs to be reinforced by on-road experiences for some riders once licensed and that personal meaning for training information was not fully gained until some riding experience had been obtained. While this research informed the planning and development of the new program, a project team of academics and industry experts were responsible for the formulation of the final program. Study 2 and Study 3 were conducted for the purpose of formative evaluation and program refinement. Study 2 served primarily as a trial to test research protocols and data collection methods with the industry partner organisation and, importantly, also served to gather comparison data for the pilot program which was implemented with the same rider training organisation. Findings from Study 2 suggested that the existing training program of the partner organisation generally had a positive (albeit small) effect on safety in terms of influencing attitudes to risk taking, the propensity for thrill seeking, and intentions to engage in future risky riding. However, maintenance of these effects over time and the effects on riding behaviour remain unclear due to a low response rate upon follow-up 24 months after licensing. Study 3 was a formative evaluation of the new pilot program to establish program effects and possible areas for improvement. Study 3a examined the short term effects of the intervention pilot on psychosocial factors underpinning risky riding compared to the effects of the standard traditional training program (examined in Study 2). It showed that the course which included the Three Steps to Safer Riding program elicited significantly greater positive attitude change towards road safety than the existing standard licensing course. This effect was found immediately following training, and mean scores for attitudes towards safety were also maintained at the 12 month follow-up. The pilot program also had an immediate effect on other key variables such as risky riding intentions and the propensity for thrill seeking, although not significantly greater than the traditional standard training. A low response rate at the 12 month follow-up unfortunately prevented any firm conclusions being drawn regarding the impact of the pilot program on self-reported risky riding once licensed. Study 3a further showed that the use of intermediate outcomes such as self-reported attitudes and intentions for evaluation purposes provides insights into the mechanisms underpinning risky riding that can be changed by education and training. A multifaceted process evaluation conducted in Study 3b confirmed that the intervention pilot was largely delivered as designed, with course participants also rating most aspects of training delivery highly. The complete program of research contributed to the overall body of knowledge relating to motorcycle rider training, with some potential implications for policy in the area of motorcycle rider licensing. A key finding of the research was that psychosocial influences on risky riding can be shaped by structured education that focuses on awareness raising at a personal level and provides strategies to manage future riding situations. However, the formative evaluation was mainly designed to identify areas of improvement for the Three Steps to Safer Riding program and found several areas of potential refinement to improve future efficacy of the program. This included aspects of program content, program delivery, resource development, and measurement tools. The planned future follow-up of program participants' official crash and traffic offence records over time may lend further support for the application of the program within licensing systems. The findings reported in this thesis offer an initial indication that the Three Steps to Safer Riding is a useful resource to accompany skills-based training programs.
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Bageant, Maia R. (Maia Reynolds). "Balancing a two-wheeled Segway robot." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69500.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2011.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 57).<br>In this thesis, I designed and constructed hardware for a two-wheeled balancing Segway robot. Because the robot could not be balanced based on a control system derived from the original analytical model, additional system dynamics in the form of frictional losses in the motors were incorporated. A SISO PID compensator and a SISO lead-lag compensator were designed to balance the robot based on the new model; both showed acceptable system responses but were subject to high-frequency oscillation. A SISO state feedback controller was also designed, and it was successful in creating stability in simulation and removing the high-frequency oscillation effects. The robot was rebuilt using new parts that better represented its ideal model, and software was created using National Instruments LabVIEW to control the robot.<br>by Maia R. Bageant.<br>S.B.
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Emond, Bryan R. "Optimal control of a two wheeled mobile robot." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1994. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA286130.

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Thesis (M.S. in Mechanical Engineering) Naval Postgraduate School, September 1994.<br>Thesis advisor(s): Ranjan Mukherjee. "September 1994." Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.
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Bosco, Bruno, André Ellnefjärd, Nordenmark Victor Ellqvist, Alexander Hemberg, Henrik Olsson, and Jonas Tegelberg. "Development of a self-balancing two wheeled robot." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-102054.

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Denna rapport beskriver och förklarar processen för att utforma och konstruera en parallell tvåhjulig robot, lik en Segway, med syfte att tävla mot andra liknande konstruktioner i en tävling. Roboten är konstruerad kring den inverterade pendelns princip och eftersom den är instabil har den aktivt balanserats. En accelerometer och ett gyro har tillsammans med ett Kalmanfiler använts för att bestämma robotens vinkel mot tyngdaccelerationen. När tyngdpunkten flyttas, ger det återkopplade systemet en rörelse i motsatt riktning för att säkerställa balansen. Små korrigeringar är alltid nödvändiga för en stabil position, och dessa har implementerats i en PID-regulator. Flera delsystem har utvecklats och integrerats för att tillgodose behoven för att kunna medverka i tävlingen, såsom en mållinjesensor, ett vapensystem, ett par kodgivare, en set med utfällbara ben, en fjärrkontroll och en text-till-tal-modul. Alla delsystem förutom de utfällbara benen integrerades i den slutliga prototypen. Vid rapportens sammanställande kvarstod endast tävlingsmomentet.<br>This paper presents and explains the process of designing and constructing a parallel two wheeled balancing robot, much like a Segway, with the purpose of competing against other similar designs in a race. The robot is designed around the principal of an inverse pendulum, and because it is always unstable it has to be actively balanced to be able to stand up. An accelerometer and a gyro together with a Kalman filter are used to determine the angle of the robot. When the center of mass starts to tip over, the feedback system moves the robot in the same direction to keep its balance. Small corrections are always needed to be able to stand straight, which has been implemented in the form of a PID-controller. Several subsystems have also been developed or integrated to accommodate the needs to successfully participate in the race, such as a finish line sensor, a weapon system, a pair of encoders, a set of unfolding legs, a remote controller and a text-to-speech module. All subsystems except the unfolding legs were successfully integrated into the finished prototype, but upon completion of this report the finished robot has yet to participate in the competition.
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Souza, Daniel Câmara de. "Eletrodinâmica variacional e o problema eletromagnético de dois corpos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-26012015-213657/.

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Estudamos a Eletrodinâmica de Wheeler-Feynman usando um princípio variacional para um funcional de ação finito acoplado a um problema de valor na fronteira. Para trajetórias C2 por trechos, a condição de ponto crítico desse funcional fornece as equações de movimento de Wheeler-Feynman mais uma condição de continuidade dos momentos parciais e energias parciais, conhecida como condição de quina de Weierstrass-Erdmann. Estudamos em detalhe um sub-caso mais simples, onde os dados de fronteira têm um comprimento mínimo. Nesse caso, mostramos que a condição de extremo se reduz a um problema de valor na chegada para uma equação diferencial com retardo misto dependente do estado e do tipo neutro. Resolvemos numericamente esse problema usando um método de shooting e um método de Runge-Kutta de quarta ordem. Para os casos em que as fronteiras mínimas têm velocidades descontínuas, elaboramos uma técnica para resolver as condições de quina de Weierstrass-Erdmann junto com o problema de valor na chegada. As trajetórias com velocidades descontínuas previstas pelo método variacional foram verificadas por experimentos numéricos. Em um segundo desenvolvimento, para o caso mais difícil de fronteiras de comprimento arbitrário, implementamos um método de minimização com gradiente fraco para o princípio variacional e problema de fronteira acima citado. Elaboramos dois métodos numéricos, ambos implementados em MATLAB, para encontrar soluções do problema eletromagnético de dois corpos. O primeiro combina o método de elementos finitos com o método de Newton para encontrar as soluções que anulam o gradiente fraco do funcional para fronteiras genéricas. O segundo usa o método do declive máximo para encontrar as soluções que minimizam a ação. Nesses dois métodos as trajetórias são aproximadas dentro de um espaço de dimensão finita gerado por uma Galerkiana que suporta velocidades descontínuas. Foram realizados diversos testes e experimentos numéricos para verificar a convergência das trajetórias calculada numericamente; também comparamos os valores do funcional calculados numericamente com alguns resultados analíticos sobre órbitas circulares.<br>We study the Wheeler-Feynman electrodynamics using a variational principle for an action functional coupled to a finite boundary value problem. For piecewise C2 trajectories, the critical point condition for this functional gives the Wheeler-Feynman equations of motion in addition to a continuity condition of partial moments and partial energies, known as the Weierstrass-Erdmann corner conditions. In the simplest case, for the boundary value problem of shortest length, we show that the critical point condition reduces to a two-point boundary value problem for a state-dependent mixed-type neutral differential-delay equation. We solve this special problem numerically using a shooting method and a fourth order Runge-Kutta. For the cases where the boundary segment has discontinuous velocities we developed a technique to solve the Weierstrass-Erdmann corner conditions and the two-point boundary value problem together. The trajectories with discontinuous velocities presupposed by the variational method were verified by numerical experiments. In a second development, for the harder case with boundaries of arbitrary length, we implemented a method of minimization with weak gradient for the variational principle quoted above. Two numerical methods were implemented in MATLAB to find solutions of the two-body electromagnetic problem. The first combines the finite element method with Newtons method to find the solutions that vanish the weak gradient. The second uses the method of steepest descent to find the solutions that minimize the action. In both methods the trajectories are approximated within a finite-dimensional space generated by a Galerkian that supports discontinuous velocities. Many tests and numerical experiments were performed to verify the convergence of the numerically calculated trajectories; also were compared the values of the functional computed numerically with some known analytical results on circular orbits.
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Evangelou, Simos. "Control and stability analysis of two-wheeled road vehicles." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407098.

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Books on the topic "Two wheeler"

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ill, Monteith David, ed. Hello, two-wheeler! Grosset & Dunlap, 1995.

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Saunders, Roger. Age factors in powered two-wheeler vehicle road accidents. Dorset Institute, 1987.

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k, Kokula Krishna Hari, ed. Comparative Design Analysis of Two Wheeler Shock Absorber: ICIEMS 2014. Association of Scientists, Developers and Faculties, 2014.

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Couzereau, Béatrice. Fachwörterbuch der Zweiradtechnik: Deutsch, englisch, französisch = Two-wheeler technical dictionary : English, German, French. Bielefelder Verlagsanstalt, 1990.

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R, Brus Michael, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Two wheeled lunar dumptruck. George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988.

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Mike, Lacey, ed. On two wheels. Henderson, 1994.

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Mason, Jane B. Hello, two-wheeler! Scholastic, 1996.

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Hello, Two-Wheeler! Tandem Library, 1999.

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(Illustrator), Carl Dirocco, ed. Madison and the Two Wheeler. Star Bright Books, 2007.

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Four-wheeler & two-legged: Poems. Southeastern FRONT, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Two wheeler"

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Deepan, V., P. D. Jeyakumar, and S. Sreenath. "Dynamic Supporting Wheels for Two-Wheeler Stability." In Advances in Design and Thermal Systems. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6428-8_5.

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Mahore, Gunendra, Sonam Solanki, Ritik Barua, and Rupesh Mahore. "Two Wheeler Rider Support System." In Recent Advances in Transportation Systems Engineering and Management. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2273-2_51.

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Kashyap, Apoorva, Anshuman Bajpai, and Ram Krishna Upadhyay. "Two-Wheeler Electric Vehicles Purchase Policy." In Energy, Environment, and Sustainability. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1517-0_18.

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Siddharth, P. N., and C. T. Justus Panicker. "Fool Proof Two-Wheeler Safety Device." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9019-1_79.

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Saurabh, Ankit, Anjani Kumar Jha, Aditya Tiwari, and Amit Pal. "Execution of CNG on Two-Wheeler Vehicles." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8517-1_9.

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Hula, Andreas, Christian Klösch, Matthias Hahn, Bernhard Preiser-Kapeller, Roland Spielhofer, and Peter Saleh. "Using a Motorcycle Probe Vehicle to Provide Infrastructure Information for Powered Two Wheelers." In Lecture Notes in Mobility. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-85578-8_17.

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Abstract Powered two wheelers are a consistently popular mode of transportation and riding them is a widely practiced recreational activity. However, with regards to safety powered two wheelers are clearly vulnerable road users, for whom accidents of all types yield more severe outcomes on average than for larger vehicles. One way to ensure the safety of powered two-wheeler riders is to identify challenging infrastructure properties, such as transversal evenness qualities or potholes, through the use of probe vehicles. We present the analysis of infrastructure properties through data collected with a motorcycle probe vehicle, previously employed to study human driving dynamics and assess the risk thereof. We present the first steps towards a new standardized evaluation of motorcycle driving dynamics data for this purpose and show that our outcomes can be achieved based on in-vehicle driving dynamics data. This holds the potential to enable the provision of safety relevant data from everyday driven vehicles, which represents the needs of powered two wheelers as much as those of passenger cars or larger vehicle-types and could serve as a template for similar analyses employing smaller probe vehicles like bicycles or (e-)scooters.
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Mairal, Aditya A., and Akash B. Pandey. "Automatic Gear Change Mechanism for Two-Wheeler Automobiles." In Techno-Societal 2016. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53556-2_77.

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Sachdeva, Shippu, Sai Sandesh Myla, Samara Simha Reddy Bijvemula, and Sai Kiran Navuluri. "Design of Smart Automation for Two-Wheeler Safety." In Futuristic Sustainable Energy and Technology. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003272328-20.

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Vidhate, Sumedh, Virendra Bhojwani, and Omkar Mobale. "SCADA System Applied to Two-Wheeler Chassis Dynamometer." In Techno-Societal 2020. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69925-3_12.

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Pratheep, V. G., T. Tamilarasi, J. S. Joe Idaya Pranesh, D. Balachandar, A. Vimal Kumar, and S. Siva Subramanian. "Two-Wheeler Shock Absorber Analysis with Polyurethane Insert." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2271-0_51.

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Conference papers on the topic "Two wheeler"

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A, Raghuvira Pratap, Satwik Panda, and Syama Sameera G. "Predictive Maintenance for Two-Wheeler Vehicles Using XGBoost." In 2024 10th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaccs60874.2024.10717187.

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Prajapati, Manish, and Ayesha Choudhary. "An Accelerometer-Based Two-Wheeler Fall Detection Analysis." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety (ICVES). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icves61986.2024.10927792.

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T, Sathya, Tharun A. K, Arun S, Laith Aravind P Y, and Saraswathy S. "Helmet Detection in Two Wheeler Using Image Processing." In 2025 International Conference on Computing and Communication Technologies (ICCCT). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/iccct63501.2025.11020144.

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Dishu, Hardik Gupta, Harish Saifi, and Sikander Ali Khan. "Performance Analysis of BLDC Motor for Electric Two-Wheeler." In 2024 IEEE Third International Conference on Power Electronics, Intelligent Control and Energy Systems (ICPEICES). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpeices62430.2024.10719246.

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Zade, Prasanna, Sachin Khade, Prabhakar Dorge, et al. "Hi-Tech Head Gear Kit for Two Wheeler Safety." In 2024 4th International Conference on Computer, Communication, Control & Information Technology (C3IT). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/c3it60531.2024.10829405.

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Dey, Shovan, Pramod Antony D’sa, and Baylon G. Fernandes. "A Novel Segmented-Rotor Hybrid-Excited Synchronous Motor for In-Wheel Two-Wheeler Applications." In 2024 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/ecce55643.2024.10861611.

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Lakshmanan, Padmavathi, and Anand Abhishek. "Performance Analysis of Two-Wheeler EV Batteries in Irregular Terrains." In 2024 IEEE Region 10 Symposium (TENSYMP). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tensymp61132.2024.10752192.

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Nayak, Satyajit, Patitapaban Palo, Kwanit Gupta, and Satarupa Uttarkabat. "Graph-Based Two-Three Wheeler Classification in Unconstrained Indian Roads." In 2024 IEEE 27th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc58415.2024.10919487.

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Kaveshgar, Maryam, Shalvi Modi, Daksh Shah, Shaili Gandhi, and Rishika Agarwal. "Experimental Analysis of Safety Dynamic Parameters in Electric Two-Wheeler." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety (ICVES). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icves61986.2024.10927960.

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Suman, C., Shefali Jagwani, Mb Harshith, and Bh Yashawanth. "Enhanced Electric Two-Wheeler Performance with Machine Learning-Driven SoC Estimation." In 2024 First International Conference on Software, Systems and Information Technology (SSITCON). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/ssitcon62437.2024.10796098.

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Reports on the topic "Two wheeler"

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Bansel, Prateek, Rubal Dua, Rico Krueger, and Daniel Graham. Are Consumers Myopic About Future Fuel Costs? Insights from the Indian two-wheeler market. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2021-dp13.

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India has the world’s third highest carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, after China and the United States. The transportation sector is the third largest contributor to carbon dioxide emissions in India, accounting for roughly 11% of all carbon dioxide emissions in 2016. Road transport accounts for around 94% of the total carbon dioxide emissions of the transportation sector.
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Nimesh, Vikas, Bhaskar Natarjan, Saddam Hussain, and K. N. Hemanth Kumar. CATALYSING THE MARKET TRANSFORMATION OF ELECTRIC 2-WHEELER INSIGHTS FROM CONSUMERS AND STAKEHOLDERS. Alliance for an Energy Efficient Economy (AEEE), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.62576/aeee2w.

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Electric two-wheelers (E2Ws) are becoming increasingly popular as an eco-friendly mode of transport. They provide a convenient and efficient option for short-distance travel, particularly in urban areas. However, the widespread adoption of E2Ws in India still faces several challenges. In order to address these issues, the Alliance for an Energy Efficient Economy (AEEE) and International Copper Association India (ICA India) have teamed up to identify the key barriers hindering the adoption of electric two-wheelers in the market. The joint research project aims to identify effective pathways for a market transformation for E2Ws in India and promote the widespread adoption of E2Ws as a sustainable and efficient mode of transport. The goal of the study is to facilitate the increased adoption of E2Ws in India by examining the perspectives of various stakeholders, including consumers, fleet operators, financial institutions, dealerships, and service centers. The study was conducted in three zones - North Zone (Delhi, Lucknow), West Zone (Mumbai, Jaipur, Ahmedabad, Rajkot), and South Zone (Bangalore, Coimbatore, Hyderabad, Chennai). The study collected 1159 responses from both E2W users and internal combustion engine (ICE) users across India, as well as E2W dealers, in order to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the E2W market across the country. The survey results revealed key insights about the prevalence of E2W users, their awareness of ICE options, and their willingness to adopt more eco-friendly modes of transport. The report covers key aspects of E2Ws, including purchase, charging, performance, aftersales, safety, retrofitting, etc. Chapter 1 introduces the E2W ecosystem and sets the background and need for the study. Chapter 2 details the scope and methodology adopted for the research. Various barriers and motivating factors and their role in attracting or deterring consumers from or towards EV adoption, like charging practices, usage behaviour, ownership cost, purchase experience, etc., were delved into. The chapter also details the respondents’ profiles and the surveying techniques incorporated for the study, i.e., face-toface interviews with E2W users and In-person qualitative discussions with the E2W dealers. It was found that the younger generations had an equal propensity towards both ICE and E2Ws. Also, the average income of EV owners was found to be higher than the average income of ICE two-wheelers. Chapter 3 discusses the findings and key insights from the consumer survey. It examines the key perceptions of customers regarding E2W and ICE vehicles and their purchase and usage practices. The chapter discusses important current and future triggers and barriers to EV adoption. Access to charging stations, Safety concerns, high upfront costs, long charging times, etc., were found to be the major deterrents towards EV adoption. Chapter 4 presents the key insights from the dealer consultation and discusses the various obstacles, including warranty and battery replacement costs, low margins, the lack of supplier credit facilities, battery backup, the high price of E2Ws, and low speed. These obstacles impede their ability to sell electric vehicles and compete with other types of vehicle dealers. Nonetheless, as the EV market grows and develops, manufacturers and dealers will be able to overcome these obstacles and establish a more sustainable and competitive EV industry. Chapter 4 presents the key insights from the dealer consultation and discusses the various obstacles dealers face, including warranty and battery replacement costs, low margins, the lack of supplier credit facilities, battery backup, the high price of E2Ws, and low speed. These obstacles impede their ability to sell electric vehicles and compete with other types of vehicle dealers. Nonetheless, as the EV market grows and develops, manufacturers and dealers will be able to overcome these obstacles and establish a more sustainable and competitive EV industry. Chapter 5 provides recommendations to address the different barriers to E2W adoption in India, like high upfront costs of E2W, charging stations, safety issues, battery issues, etc. The whitepaper provides recommendations to address the challenges and barriers hindering the adoption of E2Ws in India. These recommendations cover various topics such as consumer perceptions, demand incentives, and product-related issues like servicing, safety, and performance. To encourage ix the wider adoption of E2Ws, the whitepaper proposes several measures, including improving the availability of charging infrastructure, regular maintenance of charging points, and investment support to charging and swapping players. Additionally, partnering with financial institutions to offer affordable loans is recommended to make E2Ws more accessible to consumers. These measures are critical to overcoming the challenges faced by E2W users and promoting the adoption of ecofriendly transport options in India. To achieve the target of increasing energy efficiency and reducing carbon emissions by 33-35% by 2030, as set by the Indian government, it is crucial for the various stakeholders in the electric vehicle ecosystem to implement the strategies outlined in the whitepaper. The aim is to accelerate the adoption of E2Ws and support the government in achieving its goals.
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Karthikeyan, N., and Anish Gokhale. A Comparative Study on Map Based and Closed Loop Simulation Model of Coolant Circuit for a Two Wheeler Liquid Cooled Engine. SAE International, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2013-32-9023.

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Muramatsu, Yasuyuki, Masatsugu Ohishi, and Shuhei Adachi. Fuel Cell System for Two-Wheeled Vehicles. SAE International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-32-0077.

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Reister, D. Time optimal trajectories for a two wheeled robot. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6924295.

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Kharul, Ravi, Sivakumar Balakrishnan, Anil V. Singanamalli, and M. G. Patil. Methodology Adopted to Establish Rig Correlation with Customer Usage for Two Wheelers. SAE International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-32-0029.

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Heinzmann, Bernd, Simon Scholz, Pramod R, and Prashanth Anantha. Start/Stop Strategies for Two-Wheelers in the Emerging Markets. SAE International, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2013-32-9125.

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Sharma, N. C., and K. M. Srikanth. Lightweight low cost solution for Footrest for two-wheelers application. SAE International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-32-0063.

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Steinbrecher, Christian, Bastian Reineke, Jurgen Berkemer, Henning Heikes, and Wolfgang Fischer. Online Engine Speed Based Adaptation of Air Charge for Two- Wheelers. SAE International, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2013-32-9037.

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10

Petrov, Plamen. Dynamics and Adaptive Motion Control of a Two-wheeled Inverted Pendulum Robot. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2018.07.11.

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