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Journal articles on the topic 'Two wheeler'
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1
Ganesh, M. A., S. Saravana Perumaal, S. P. Preethi, and S. D. Bhavdharani. "Real time two-wheeler recognition for Surveillance." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2601, no. 1 (2023): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2601/1/012036.
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Abstract In today’s intelligent transportation systems, vision-based traffic tracking systems and automatic vehicle make and model recognition is of significant importance for surveillance. From the literature, vehicle make and model recognition has been implemented for four wheelers easily due to the presence of logo in the frontal and rear parts. But it is not feasible for two wheelers due to the insignificant differential features. Hence in this work, a robust two-wheeler recognition system has been developed with frontal, rear and side images of two wheelers which is implementable in edge devices. The contributions of the paper are (i) Development of a two-wheeler dataset with the frontal, rear and side images of two classes in Indian Scenario. (ii) Development of a two-wheeler recognition framework implementable in Raspberry pi-based devices. (iii) Evaluation of the framework in real time outdoor environment. From the experimental results it is observed that the proposed network classifies two wheelers in real time at 4s with 94% accuracy.
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Dr., V. Devaki Nandini. "A study on customer preference towards two wheelers in Coimbatore city." National Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development 3, no. 1 (2018): 796–98. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4301370.
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Within the past decade two wheeler usage indicates a rapid growth in Indian market. Among the two wheeler population, Indian two wheeler brands representing a huge portion. In this research study researcher put effort to find out what are the factors effect on decisions of consumers on two wheelers. Main purpose of this study was to identify why people prefer two wheeler brands becoming more popular and which factors effect on the purchasing decision and open up the gateway to study on this area among this study. Researcher’s previous working experience at Automotive Industry was lead to conduct the study. Data were collected from 200 respondents using questionnaire. The findings also revealed several implications for marketers to better segmentation and targeting in the automobile industry especially on two wheeler sales. Further contribution of the demographic factors such as age, gender, distance travelled how far impacted on the purchasing decisions of the two wheelers and those are helpful to marketing managers to develop their strategies.
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Vipul N, Ambade, B. Sirsat Kunal, and Manu Sharma. "Pattern of injuries in different types of victims of road traffic accident in central India: A comparative study." Journal of Forensic Science and Research 5, no. 1 (2021): 007–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.jfsr.1001021.
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Death due to road traffic accident (RTA) was one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in India. In the present cross-sectional study, only the victim using two-wheelers, four-wheelers, and pedestrians were included for comparison to determine the pattern of injuries in these victims of the road traffic accident. There was a predominance of males in all three types of victims of RTA with a peak age of incidence seen in 21-30 years in two-wheeler victims, 41-50 years in four-wheeler victims, and 51-60 years in pedestrian victims. Four-wheeler (HMV/LMV) was the commonest type of offending vehicle involved in all types of victims with collision/ dash as the commonest manner of an accident. Head was the commonest region involved in pedestrian and two-wheeler victims as compared to the thorax in four-wheeler victims of accidents. Abrasion was the commonest surface injury in two-wheeler victims and pedestrians. The laceration was more common in two-wheeler victims as compared to crushed injury in pedestrian victims of road traffic accidents. The brain was the commonest organ involved in two-wheeler and pedestrian as compared to lungs in four-wheeler victims. The liver and spleen were more commonly involved in two-wheeler victims as compared to kidneys and bladder in pedestrian
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Dr.L. Satheeskumar. "Buying Behaviour of Two-Wheeler (Automobiles Industry)." Restaurant Business 118, no. 11 (2019): 542–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/rb.v118i11.11253.
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Rural demand in Automobile, FMCG and retail is growing at a faster pace than anticipated due to rise in its consumption patterns which is creating demand and margins for Indian Inc. even as meltdown is getting deeper, says a Study Paper of The Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM) `The Rise of Rural India’. India is the second largest producer of two-wheelers in the world. In the last few years, the Indian two-wheeler industry has seen spectacular growth. The country stands next to China and Japan in terms of production and sales respectively. Majority of Indians, especially the youngsters prefer motorbikes rather than cars. Capturing a large share in the two- wheeler industry, bikes and scooters cover a major segment. The present scenario of rural marketing especially decision making process of purchasing two-wheeler in rural area, and its importance, current trends, and highlights certain problems related to rural marketing area. In this article study for the demand of two-wheelers in rural area and influence the factors of like family, friends, dealers, service and mileage for the process of purchasing a two-wheeler.
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Timilsina, Susmita, and Govinda Jnawali. "Factors Affecting Two-Wheeler Purchase Decision among College Students." Feb-Mar 2024, no. 42 (February 20, 2024): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jecnam.42.19.32.
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The study focuses on the Generation’s Z student’s preference factor for purchase decision of two wheelers in Butwal sub -metropolitan studying in community and public colleges This paper focuses on the behavioral intentions of the z generations students for acceptance of new technological products, i.e (two-wheeler) and the factors considered to be vital for the purchase of two wheeler. The primary sample of 395 structure questionnaires was collected from Z youth (18-25). The Descriptive statistics and chi squared test through IBM SPSS 25 is adopted to find the empirical fit with the hypothesis framed. The chi square analysis was done to examine association between demographic variables and purchase decisions of two wheelers. The results of chi square analysis indicated that buyer’s marital status, occupation, religion, mode of payment, purpose of two wheeler purchase, number of family members and annual family income are significantly associated with purchase decision. The various categories of demographic characteristics analyzed in the study influence buyer two wheeler brand purchase decision. The results for the marketers of twowheeler focusing on the z generation. The finding suggest the manufacturer’s credibility, reliability, price of vehicle, band image, mileage, cost of maintenance, resale value and the facility conditions influences the purchase decision of the buying the two wheelers.
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IJRAME, Journal. "DESIGN OF AIRBAG ASSEMBLY FOR TWO WHEELER." International Journal of Research in Aeronautical and Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 5 (2024): 01–07. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11224328.
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DESIGN OF AIRBAG ASSEMBLY FOR TWO WHEELER is an idea put forward with the safety concern for two wheeler rider. This concern has brought this project into existence. As per the statistic in 2022,462 deaths per day were recorded as death fatalities on road (7). This makes a rational mind to think what can be done for it. Then came the idea of airbag. Earlier airbag where used in four wheelers. But now exhaustive research is being made for two wheelers as well. This research paper is one of the ways to eradicate accidents by designing an airbag system. Airbag is designed in such a manner that it can be used by any two wheeler rider. This design is considered because it is simple and easy to understand and use. It includes design of various parts, design of the assembly and calculations of various parts. It includes it’s working, installation and construction as well.
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Eknath, V. R. "Factors That Affect Finance in Pre-Owned Two-Wheeler Market." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) 9, no. 2 (2020): 93–97. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.B3140.079220.
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This paper focus in identifying the important factors that affects finance in pre-owned two wheeler market. The study shows that there is so much of enquiry for finance in the pre-owned two wheeler segment. This paper also shows the market condition in the used two wheeler segment at Thrissur and Ernakulam districts of Kerala. The customer profiling, customer’s preference in vehicles, market potentiality and so on. For this purpose primary data is collected from the dealers of the used two wheelers from the Thrissur and Ernakulam districts of Kerala. The used two wheeler segment is not organized and hence the data is procured from each dealer from their respective location in the mode of interview. Even though the customers can get a brand new vehicle on finance, most of them do not prefer the new vehicle on finance and look for used vehicle on finance as per the dealers. It’s seen that sales for the dealers with finance availability for customers is more than the dealers who do not have finance facility. But in the market there are only few financers and the present financers charge too much of rates, which hit the sales for the dealers. Most of the financers in this segment have withdrawn from the market as the legal requirements and terms and conditions in providing finance to the customer changed. Thus, the market availability for the financers are high and in through this paper we will identify the factors that affect finance in pre-owned two wheeler market.
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Khan, Farzana Azam, Ramlah Naz, mehreen Fatima, Zubair ahmed Tarmizi, Qarar Abbasi, and Adina Anwar. "An Audit of Injuries Sustained in Two–Wheeler Accidents in the Metropolitan City of Karachi, Pakistan." Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences 16, no. 10 (2022): 336–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610336.
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Background: Road traffic accidents have major contribution in injury related mortality and disability in low income countries. Two-wheelers being a major mode of transportation due to absence of proper public transport system in Karachi hence most often reported accidents are related with two wheelers. In Karachi two wheelers are quite commonly being used as mode of transportation, number of two wheelers has increased to 10 folds since last 10 years because of lack of public transports and high fuel prices and easy availability on low monthly instalments. Objective: To analyze the injury pattern among two-wheeler riders in Karachi. Study Design: Retrospective study Place and Duration of Study: Three major medico-legal centres of Karachi (Civil, Jinnah, and Abbasi Shaheed Hospitals) from 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2021. Methodology: About 11444 two-wheeler incidents occurred on roads with the consent of Police Surgeon Office Karachi were enrolled. The patients' demographics, injuries sustained, date of the injuries, cause of the injuries, types of collision and outcomes were recorded. Results: Most of the riders engaged in accidents were between the ages of 18 and 30 years; 90.99% of the riders were men. The most frequent type of injuries found in two wheeler accidents were abrasions/grazes seen in (56.26%) cases followed by fractures (20.82%), head injuries (11.02%). Conclusion: Greater prevalence in the age group of 18-30 years, with male dominance analyzed. Fatal and non-fatal injuries were observed. Metro services mass transit programme to be encouraged so to decrease the traffic on road which will automatically reduce the number of accidents to wheeler as well as pillion riders strict efforts need to be made at both government and personal levels to reduce accidents in two-wheeler riders Keyword: Riders, Pillion, Road traffic accidents
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Karthikeyan, A. "Emission Control in Two Wheelers Using Magnesium Nanoparticle as a Catalyst." Applied Mechanics and Materials 766-767 (June 2015): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.766-767.343.
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Automobile emission is considered as the major source of pollution. Two wheelers are the main contributors in that due to its large number. For controlling the pollution the available methods of are pre-pollution control and post pollution control. This work is based on the post pollution control method in two-wheeler automobiles using magnesium as a catalyst. To achieve this objective, an innovative design of catalytic converter for two-wheeler automobiles is proposed using magnesium nanoparticle as a catalyst. This proposed method aims in the prevention of environmental pollution contributed from two-wheeler automobiles. It involves the use of magnesium which is cheaper than the counter parts rhodium nanoparticles, platinum, and palladium.
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Gath, Prof Sandip P. "Design of Two-Wheeler Hybrid Electric Vehicle using MATLAB-Simulink." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 5 (2024): 4489–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.62510.
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Abstract: With the rising gap between the supply and demand of oil and the market monopoly of the countries with oil reserves, the world has turned its back on traditional fuels. Not to mention the everyday rising pollution. The work and advancement in electric vehicles are reaching their peak every day and new inventions are being made in this sector, just like the mega-market players and industries. A lot of research is concentrated on the four-wheelers nevertheless, two- wheelers are a major part of transportation in the world and as compared to the four-wheelers two-wheelers don’t find the same spotlight. Our project highlighted this problem and created the simulation model of a two-wheeler hybrid electric vehicle which is a series-parallel hybrid. This simulation is constructed using MATLAB-Simulink software. This is a simulation model of a two- wheeler hybrid electric vehicle which uses a DC source (Battery) as a power source accompanied by the IC Engine. This system can shift load between the battery and IC engine so that power output can be constant, and the system can run smoothly. A DCDC bidirectional chopper is used to convert power between battery and generator which increases the efficiency of the system. In a proposed system a two-wheeler is taken into consideration with an IC engine of rpm of 2000 (for reference) is taken into consideration for simulation.
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Thapa, Makshindra. "Demographic Characteristics and Buyers Purchase Decision of Two Wheeler Brands in Bagmati Province, Nepal." Batuk 7, no. 2 (2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/batuk.v7i2.39495.
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The purpose of this paper is to analyze buyers’ demographic characteristics that influence purchasing decisions of two wheelers brands available in the Nepalese market. The survey study was conducted in the four districts of Bagmati province. Altogether, opinions of 208 respondents were included in the study to express their assertion of two wheeler purchasing decisions. Cross tabulation was done to identify patterns of demographic (categorical) variables and two wheeler brands. The chi-square analysis was done to examine associations between demographic variables and purchase decisions of two wheeler brands. The results of chi-square analysis indicated that buyers’ gender, age, education and occupation have highly significant association with purchase decision. Similarly, income level and marital status are significantly associated with purchase decision. The various categories of demographic characteristics analyzed in the study influence buyer two wheeler brand purchase decisions.
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Jayasingh, Sudarsan, T. Girija, and Sivakumar Arunkumar. "Factors Influencing Consumers’ Purchase Intention towards Electric Two-Wheelers." Sustainability 13, no. 22 (2021): 12851. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212851.
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The demand for electric vehicles (EVs) has significantly increased in recent years, but it represents only a tiny percentage of the total new vehicles sold globally. In 2021, the total sales of electric two-wheelers were less than 1% only. Therefore, the adoption of an electric two-wheeler (E2W) needs to be studied. This research develops a behavioral electric two-wheelers adoption intention model. The present study aimed to identify the factors that influence consumers’ intentions to adopt electric two-wheelers. The questionnaire method was employed, and 182 valid responses were collected. The partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the research hypothesis. The empirical results indicate that environmental concern, perceived economic benefit, charging infrastructure, and social influence significantly impact consumers’ attitudes towards electric two-wheelers. Attitude also significantly affects the consumer’s intention to purchase an electric two-wheeler. Perceived economic benefits were found to be the main factor influencing consumers to purchase electric two-wheelers. The findings of this research also show that women are more inclined towards purchasing electric two-wheelers than men. These results offer useful information for governments and electric-two-wheelers companies to gain a better understanding of consumer behavior towards purchasing electric two-wheelers.
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Aniket, Maiti, and Dutta Goutam. "Analysing Consumer Behaviour for Purchasing of Electric Two-wheelers in Kolkata in Post Lockdown Scenario." Kindler XXI, no. 1&2 (2022): 41–52. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6797813.
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Due to the pandemic (Covid-19), the two-wheeler industry has achieved descend growth after the lockdown phase. After the lockdown phase, the demand for two-wheelers has been increased significantly. The Electric two-wheeler market segment has seen significant growth as it offers a pollution-free ride than its IC Engine operated counterparts. The perception and acceptance of electric two-wheelers are focusing on environment-friendly (Zero emission) technology, the technical specification of the scooter (speed, max distance travelled, charging time, battery capacity), maintenance cost (battery replacement), infrastructure (charging points) and social acceptance etc. The objective of the study is to find the perception of electric 2-wheelers among consumers and factors which affect the buying behaviour in Kolkata.
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Tomar, Mrityunjay, Ashish Jain, Anil Mangeshkar, and Saagar Singh. "An Analysis Of Head Injury In Fatal Motorized Two-Wheeler Accidents And Its Association With Compliance With The Traffic Laws In A City In Central India." Medico Legal Update 24, no. 3 (2024): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37506/vfre0w98.
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In developing nations, road traffic accident is the leading cause of mortality for people under the age of 50. 80,000 people die in road accidents every year, accounting for 13% of all deaths worldwide. The motorized two-wheelers are one of the most common mode of transport in India. Skull fracture is the most common type of head injury in fatal motorized two-wheeler accidents. Creating an effective enforcement campaign with targeted compliance rates, combined with a well-planned public awareness campaign, can increase compliance and save thousands of lives. Motorized Two-Wheelers should be subject to strict speed control regulations.The government should imply rules for increasing safety features in the Motorized Two-Wheelers, particularly of the cheaper ones. The sale and purchase of the used Motorized Two-Wheelers should be regulated through proper channels. Periodic testing of the Motorized Two-Wheelers should be made mandatory. In this study, we analyzed the head injuries sustained in fatal motorized two-wheeler accidents as seen in postmortem examination of the fatalities due to the mentioned cause. We hope that the results of this study contribute valuable insights which would further help in formulating necessary policies and work towards to a safer community by helping in reducing the toll of motorized two-wheeler accidents.
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Liu, Lining, Xiaofei Ye, Tao Wang, Xingchen Yan, Jun Chen, and Bin Ran. "Key Factors Analysis of Severity of Automobile to Two-Wheeler Traffic Accidents Based on Bayesian Network." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 10 (2022): 6013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106013.
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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the complex coupling relationships among accident factors contributing to the automobile and two-wheeler traffic accidents by establishing the Bayesian network (BN) model of the severity of traffic accidents, so as to minimize the negative impact of automobile to two-wheeler traffic accidents. According to the attribution of primary responsibility, traffic accidents were divided to two categories: the automobile and two-wheeler traffic as the primary responsible party. Two BN accident severity analysis models for different primary responsible parties were proposed by innovatively combining the Kendall correlation analysis method with the BN model. A database of 1560 accidents involving an automobile and two-wheeler in Guilin, Guangxi province, were applied to calibrate the model parameters and validate the effectiveness of the models. The result shows that the BN models could reflect the real relationships among the influential factors of the two types of traffic accidents. For traffic accidents of automobiles and two-wheelers as the primary responsible party, respectively, the biggest influential factors leading to fatality were weather and visibility, and the corresponding fluctuations in the probability of occurrence were 32.20% and 27.23%, respectively. Moreover, based on multi-factor cross-over analysis, the most influential factors leading to fatality were: {Off-Peak Period → Driver of Two-Wheeler: The elderly → Driving Behavior of Two-Wheeler: Parking} and {Drunk Driving Two-Wheeler → Having a License of Automobiles → Visibility: 50 m~100 m}, respectively. The results provide a theoretical basis for reducing the severity of automobile to two-wheeler traffic accidents.
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Bugaje, Aminu, Mathias Ehrenwirth, Christoph Trinkl, and Wilfried Zörner. "Electric Two-Wheeler Vehicle Integration into Rural Off-Grid Photovoltaic System in Kenya." Energies 14, no. 23 (2021): 7956. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14237956.
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In both rural and urban areas, two-wheeler vehicles are the most common means of transportation, contributing to local air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). Transitioning to electric two-wheeler vehicles can help reduce GHG emissions while also increasing the socioeconomic status of people in rural Kenya. Renewable energy systems can play a significant role in charging electric two-wheeled vehicles, resulting in lower carbon emissions and increased renewable energy penetration in rural Kenya. As a result, using the Conventional and Renewable Energy Optimization (CARNOT) Toolbox in the MATLAB/Simulink environment, this paper focuses on integrating and modeling electric two-wheeled vehicles (e-bikes) into an off-grid photovoltaic Water-Energy Hub located in the Lake Victoria Region of Western Kenya. Electricity demand data obtained from the Water-Energy Hub was investigated and analyzed. Potential solar energy surplus was identified and the surplus was used to incorporate the electric two-wheeler vehicles. The energy consumption of the electric two-wheeler vehicles was also measured in the field based on the rider’s driving behavior. The modeling results revealed an annual power consumption of 27,267 kWh, a photovoltaic (PV) electricity production of 37,785 kWh, and an electricity deficit of 370 kWh. The annual results show that PV generation exceeds power consumption, implying that there should be no electricity deficit. The results, however, do not represent the results in hourly resolution, ignoring the impact of weather fluctuation on PV production. As a result, in order to comprehend the electricity deficit, hourly resolution results are shown. A load optimization method was designed to efficiently integrate the electric 2-wheeler vehicle into the Water-Energy Hub in order to alleviate the electricity deficit. The yearly electricity deficit was decreased to 1 kWh and the annual electricity consumption was raised by 11% (i.e., 30,767 kWh), which is enough to charge four more electric two-wheeler batteries daily using the load optimization technique.
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Huang, Fei-Hui. "Understanding Users’ Experiences of Riding a Two-Wheeler Vehicle and their Intentions of Purchasing Electric Two-Wheelers." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 31, no. 5 (2019): 503–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v31i5.3014.
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More than 13.7 million people in Taiwan are scooter users, which signifies the highest density of scooter users in the world. The aim of the present study is to use the user experience (UX) evaluation methods to investigate the factors that influence the users’ satisfaction, recommendation intention, and willingness to accommodate Electric two-wheelers (E2Ws). An online survey design has been used to recruit two-wheeler owners who live in Taiwan. The results of the hierarchical multiple regression analysis, based on a sample of 315 Taiwanese, indicate that the variables of satisfaction, positive emotions, and riding experience predicted whether users intended to recommend a two-wheeler. The results also reveal that external motivation is the core factor that influences a rider’s willingness to purchase an E2W. It highlights the importance of providing opportunities for people to experience the advantages of E2Ws and services. Having good hedonic and pragmatic experiences accumulated during two-wheeler usage may further positively influence the users’ satisfaction and intrinsic motivation. It is recommended that the government and the related industries consider the above issues when formulating related policies or developing E2W or battery technologies.
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George, Anish Sam, and Murali Poduval. "Analysis of Limb Injury Patterns in Victims of Two Wheeler Accidents." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 1, no. 1 (2010): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v1i1.2794.
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Objectives: A retrospective study was carried out to analyse the two wheeler accidents that presented over a one year period to a single institution and to study the pattern of limb injuries according to zones assigned to the limb. The mode of injury in the two wheeler accidents and the differences in limb injuries between the driver and the pillion riding passenger were also studied.Methods: All the road traffic accidents that could be attributed to two wheelers were obtained with the help of trauma records and the nominal registers and ward records. Limb injuries were then assigned to various anatomical zones that were created for the purpose of the study. The upper limb and lower limb injuries were separately analysed for differences between the driver and the pillion rider.Results: There were 242 two wheeler accidents seen between 1st jan 2008 to 31st dec 2008, of these 110 had limb injuries. 96 cases were eventually included and of these 67 were drivers. The most common mode of injury was a skid and fall of the vehicle ( 42%). Pillion riders were injured more often in collisions between two and four wheelers. The commonest injury in drivers was in wrist and hand regions of the upper limb and the tibia and ankle regions of the lower limb. In the pillion rider, lower limb injuries were commonest in the tibia and ankle whereas in the upper limb shoulder and wrist injuries predominated.Conclusion: Two wheeler accidents cause significant morbidity in both the driver and pillion rider, the tibia and ankle are commonly injured in both the populations whereas minor differences in upper limb injury are seen between the two groups.Keywords: Road traffic accidents; epidemiology; pattern of injuries.DOI: 10.3126/ajms.v1i1.2794Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.1(1) 2010 p.14-15
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Anish Sam George. "Analysis of Limb Injury Patterns in Victims of Two Wheeler Accidents." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 1, no. 1 (2010): 14–15. https://doi.org/10.71152/ajms.v1i1.2048.
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Objectives: A retrospective study was carried out to analyse the two wheeler accidents that presented over a one year period to a single institution and to study the pattern of limb injuries according to zones assigned to the limb. The mode of injury in the two wheeler accidents and the differences in limb injuries between the driver and the pillion riding passenger were also studied. Methods: All the road traffic accidents that could be attributed to two wheelers were obtained with the help of trauma records and the nominal registers and ward records. Limb injuries were then assigned to various anatomical zones that were created for the purpose of the study. The upper limb and lower limb injuries were separately analysed for differences between the driver and the pillion rider. Results: There were 242 two wheeler accidents seen between 1st jan 2008 to 31st dec 2008, of these 110 had limb injuries. 96 cases were eventually included and of these 67 were drivers. The most common mode of injury was a skid and fall of the vehicle ( 42%). Pillion riders were injured more often in collisions between two and four wheelers. The commonest injury in drivers was in wrist and hand regions of the upper limb and the tibia and ankle regions of the lower limb. In the pillion rider, lower limb injuries were commonest in the tibia and ankle whereas in the upper limb shoulder and wrist injuries predominated. Conclusion: Two wheeler accidents cause significant morbidity in both the driver and pillion rider, the tibia and ankle are commonly injured in both the populations whereas minor differences in upper limb injury are seen between the two groups. Keywords: Road traffic accidents; epidemiology; pattern of injuries. DOI: 10.3126/ajms.v1i1.2794 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.1(1) 2010 p.14-15
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Kaushal, Kishore, and Kumar Bipin. "A Cross Sectional Study to Assess the Demographic Profiles of Victims of Fatal Road Traffic Accidents." International Journal of Toxicological and Pharmacological Research 11, no. 6 (2021): 47–54. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581252.
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<strong>Aim:</strong> Demographic profiles of victims of fatal road traffic accidents in Bihar population. <strong>Methods: </strong>The cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, SKMCH, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India for 1 year. Total 200 dead bodies of victims of road traffic fatalities brought to mortuary for medico-legal post mortem examination in the department of forensic medicine. <strong>Results: </strong>Age group of 21-30 years comprising 28% (56 cases) followed by age group 31-40 years i.e.20% (40 cases). Male victims accounting for 83.50% (167 cases) of road traffic accidents as compared to female victims 16.5% (33 cases). 61.50% (123 cases) of road traffic accidental victims were belonging from urban area whereas 38.50% (77 cases) were belonging to rural area. 37 cases (18.50%) of road traffic accident had occurred in between 6am to12pm while 92 cases (46%) of road traffic accidents had occurred during 12pm to 6pm. In 54 cases (27%), road traffic accidents had occurred during 6pm to12am while 17 cases (8.50%) of road traffic accidents occurred during 12am to 6am. Two wheelers were offending vehicle in 24 cases (12%), three wheelers were in only 2 cases (1%) and four wheelers and above were in 112 cases (56%) of road traffic accidents. 55 cases (27.50%) and 4 cases (2%) of road traffic accidents had occurred because of skidding of two wheelers and four wheeler respectively. Four wheeler and above indicates vehicles having four or more than four wheels that includes car, buses, truck, tractor, etc. 90 cases (45%) of road traffic accident victims were two wheeler riders, 28 cases (14%) were pillion rider of two wheeler, 6 cases (3%) were four wheeler driver while 9 cases (4.50%) were passengers of four wheeler and above. 12 (6%) cases of accident victims were bicycle rider, 2 cases (1%) were bullock cart driver and 53 cases (26.50%) were pedestrian. 85 cases (42.50%) of road traffic accidents were transported to the nearest hospital by police mobile van (PMV), 31 cases (15%) were by ambulance, 50 cases (25%) by auto, 25 cases (12.50%) by private and 9 cases (4.50%) by two wheeler. Helmet was applicable in 118 cases (59%) but none of victim used helmet as safety measure. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The road accidents are occurring most often due to the reckless and speedy driving of the vehicles, violation of traffic rules, overburdened public transport vehicles, poor maintenance of the vehicles.
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Kaushal, Kishore, and Kumar Bipin. "A Cross Sectional Study to Assess the Demographic Profiles of Victims of Fatal Road Traffic Accidents." International Journal of Toxicological and Pharmacological Research 11, no. 6 (2021): 84–91. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12582293.
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<strong>Aim:</strong> Demographic profiles of victims of fatal road traffic accidents in Bihar population. <strong>Methods: </strong>The cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, SKMCH, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India for 1 year. Total 200 dead bodies of victims of road traffic fatalities brought to mortuary for medico-legal post mortem examination in the department of forensic medicine. <strong>Results: </strong>Age group of 21-30 years comprising 28% (56 cases) followed by age group 31-40 years i.e.20% (40 cases). Male victims accounting for 83.50% (167 cases) of road traffic accidents as compared to female victims 16.5% (33 cases). 61.50% (123 cases) of road traffic accidental victims were belonging from urban area whereas 38.50% (77 cases) were belonging to rural area . 37 cases (18.50%) of road traffic accident had occurred in between 6am to12pm while 92 cases (46%) of road traffic accidents had occurred during 12pm to 6pm. In 54 cases (27%), road traffic accidents had occurred during 6pm to12am while 17 cases (8.50%) of road traffic accidents occurred during 12am to 6am. Two wheelers were offending vehicle in 24 cases (12%), three wheelers were in only 2 cases (1%) and four wheelers and above were in 112 cases (56%) of road traffic accidents. 55 cases (27.50%) and 4 cases (2%) of road traffic accidents had occurred because of skidding of two wheelers and four wheeler respectively. Four wheeler and above indicates vehicles having four or more than four wheels that includes car, buses, truck, tractor, etc. 90 cases (45%) of road traffic accident victims were two wheeler riders, 28 cases (14%) were pillion rider of two wheeler, 6 cases (3%) were four wheeler driver while 9 cases (4.50%) were passengers of four wheeler and above. 12 (6%) cases of accident victims were bicycle rider, 2 cases (1%) were bullock cart driver and 53 cases (26.50%) were pedestrian. 85 cases (42.50%) of road traffic accidents were transported to the nearest hospital by police mobile van (PMV), 31 cases (15%) were by ambulance, 50 cases (25%) by auto, 25 cases (12.50%) by private and 9 cases (4.50%) by two wheeler. Helmet was applicable in 118 cases (59%) but none of victim used helmet as safety measure. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The road accidents are occurring most often due to the reckless and speedy driving of the vehicles, violation of traffic rules, overburdened public transport vehicles, poor maintenance of the vehicles.
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Selvam, Christy, Jayakrishana Sai Kadali, Siddharth Bhosale, and Prof Sanjay Narayankar. "Development of Electric Vehicle." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 12 (2022): 1247–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.48183.
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Abstract: India is the second largest producer of two wheels in the world. It is ranked third behind Japan and China in terms of production of two wheels and domestic sales. India's two-wheeler industry has grown rapidly over the years. The two-wheeler business is about to enter a new era as the automotive industry has undergone a radical change with the introduction of fuel-efficient technologies. In India's two- wheeler industry, electricity, not petrol, diesel, or any other petrol, has caused a revolution. Electric bicycles and scooters are popular ways of personal travel in developed countries like the United States, Japan, and China, and the Indian two-wheeler industry has embraced a new concept. As a result, electric bicycles and motor- cycles in the eld of personal travel have a promising future. This project looks at design and development, as well as comparing and comparing different components. Two-wheeled electrical components such as BLDC motor, battery, charger, controller, and dc-dc converter are also included in this article
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Ngoc, Van Nguyen, and Duc Nguyen Huu. "Optimal Valley-Filling Algorithm for Electric Two-wheeler Charging Stations." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 14, no. 1 (2024): 13072–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.6569.
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In Vietnam, comprehensive measures are required to accommodate and encourage the potential development of electric two-wheelers in urban traffic and the rooftop solar power potential. In the case of PV-integrated electric two-wheeler charging stations, numerous vehicles charging simultaneously may trigger very high peak loads which adversely impacts other loads and the distribution grid. In this study, an optimal valley-filling algorithm for electric two-wheeler charging stations is proposed. The proposed algorithm can update the variation of available vehicles as well as the dynamic changes in the energy level of individual E2Ws at each time slot. The simulation results proved that the proposed method can effectively perform valley filling, significantly improving the total load profile compared to uncontrolled charging and average charging schemes.
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DR, BHADRAPPA HARALAYYA. "A Study on Customer Satisfaction at TVS Vanish Motors Bidar." Iconic Research And Engineering Journals 5, no. 9 (2022): 117–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6348588.
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The organization in addition gives three : wheelers. The business office has a annually assembling ability in the same way a tricycle making office. The corporation contains a yearly building limit of some million 2 : wheelers and 120000 3 - wheelers. This is certainly one regarding the important haggles 3 wheels. It truly is one of typically the primary - wheelers and a about three - wheeler business from india.To be able to comprehend customer judgements and pride amount of client assistance fitted with the guide regarding VANSH MOTORS for capturing what's required in addition to shopper improvement together with those administrations Typically the - wheeler opportunity in India is usually presently in their earliest stages about account of their wonderful on the whole display. Legend Honda is the greatest bicycle manufacturer around the discipline for really a new while. The respect associated with the bike design is similarly the primary selling model within the world. The earlier couple of years have similarly apparent the range of - wheelers traded. In adjacent global areas such as Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. Indian -- wheeler makers possess caught the marketplace. Certainly, even in The african continent and South The united states Indian bicycles had been all over procured. Bebare Indian producers which includes TVS Motors plus Bajaj Auto are usually within the technique associated with setting up manufacturing lines and digesting plants. The range of styles delivered through the use of Indian - wheeler producers every year is in such as manner huge. This is with this important time as the Indian native two - wheeler venture continues to be productive in the overall marketplace. This digital guide wheel endeavor within India Introduction will certainly make it stimulating to analyze. The particular digital book offers been partitioned in to 3 areas. The particular principal component ranges the development associated with the business. Increase and cause the particular venture in Indian is forceful. The 2nd segment portrays the problems going through the particular business as well as the predetermination of the company. It additionally provides exposure to two - wheeler deals. Government rules impacting on the introduction of the electrical bike and bicycle industry. The one-half segment talks regarding the fundamental players.
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Koumi, Dutta, Basu Bibaswan, and Sen Devashish. "IDENTIFICATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF STRESSORS AFFECTING MOTORIZED TWO WHEELER RIDERS: AN ERGONOMIC ATTEMPT." International Journal of Research - GRANTHAALAYAH 2, no. 1 (2017): 13–25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.884148.
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Motorised two-wheelers are cost effective fuel-efficient system to manage occupational compulsions and time bound responsibilities but on the other hand they account for maximum traffic accident deaths. Bike riders are exposed to prolonged static posture causing significant angular deviations at all most all joints of the body as well as lumbar angle (L1-L5). All these postural alterations are contributory factors to stress and musculo-skeletal symptoms. Although the vibration remains within the OSHA limit, the vibration map and pain map of a two-wheeler rider’s were observed to have strong correlations. Varied emotional and psychosocial components contribute to cumulative stress among them. Bike riding also involves visual acuity, which alters critical flicker frequency of the riders indicating immense visual stress and subsequent adaptation. Proper stress management, ergonomic intervention in engineering revisions of the two wheeler design may contribute to reduce chances of accident and ensure safety, wellbeing and performance of the riders.
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Krishna, Keerthan, Sriharsha Hegde, Mahesha G T, and Satish Shenoy B. "Whole body vibration and rider comfort determination of an electric two-wheeler test rig." F1000Research 12 (October 30, 2024): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.131105.5.
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Background Two-wheeled vehicles are the major mode of transportation in India. Such vehicles are exposed to excessive vibration on the road when compared to four-wheeled vehicles. However, the research on the reduction of whole body vibration in the case of two-wheelers is not explored in detail. The present study predicts rider comfort in the case of an electric two-wheeler as per ISO 2631-1, by obtaining the finding the weighted acceleration at the strategic locations of vibration at the test rig. Methods An electric two-wheeler test rig is used in the study. The values of acceleration from the test rig in running conditions are obtained by using NI LabVIEW 2019. The drive cycle of the electric vehicle (EV) test rig is controlled by Sync sols’ EV lab software. Obtaining the weighted root mean square (RMS) acceleration from running the test setup, it is compared with the ISO 2631-1 standard to obtain the rider comfort. Results Loading area, traction motor, base mount, and suspension were found to be the strategic points of vibration. Frequency weighted RMS acceleration of 0.3 to 0.4 m/s2 obtained at these points are prone to cause discomfort for the rider. Vehicle speed, road profile, and duration of exposure were found to be important parameters affecting the rider’s comfort. A maximum of 4.6 m/s2 amplitude was observed. The loading area, which corresponds to a rider’s seat in actual vehicle, is important and reduction of these vibrations make the ride comfortable for the rider. Suspension and base mount of the test rig are found to be uncomfortable observing the weighted RMS acceleration. Conclusions A suitable damping technique design is very much essential in reducing these vibrations and improve the rider comfort, as many more non-deterministic vibrations are prone to cause dis-comfort in case of actual on road riding conditions.
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Krishna, Keerthan, Sriharsha Hegde, Mahesha G T, and Satish Shenoy B. "Whole body vibration and rider comfort determination of an electric two-wheeler test rig." F1000Research 12 (September 25, 2023): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.131105.2.
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Background: Two-wheeled vehicles are the major mode of transportation in India. Such vehicles are exposed to excessive vibration on the road when compared to four-wheeled vehicles. However, the research on the reduction of whole body vibration in the case of two-wheelers is not explored in detail. The present study predicts rider comfort in the case of an electric two-wheeler as per ISO 2631-1. Methods: An electric two-wheeler test rig is used in the study. The values of acceleration from the test rig in running conditions are obtained by using NI LabVIEW 2016. The drive cycle of the electric vehicle (EV) test rig is controlled by Sync sols’ EV lab software. Obtaining the root mean square (RMS) acceleration from running the test setup, it is compared with the ISO 2631 standard to obtain the rider comfort. Results: Loading area, traction motor, base mount, and suspension were found to be the strategic points of vibration. RMS acceleration of 0.2 g to 3.29 g obtained at these points are prone to cause discomfort for the rider. Vehicle speed, road profile, and duration of exposure were found to be important parameters affecting the rider’s comfort. A maximum of 3.28 g amplitude was observed at the loading area at no load condition. The loading area, which corresponds to a rider’s seat in actual vehicle, is important and reduction of these vibrations make the ride comfortable for the rider. Suspension and base mount of the test rig are found to be uncomfortable observing the RMS acceleration. Conclusions: A suitable damping technique design is very much essential in reducing these vibrations and improve the rider comfort, as many more non-deterministic vibrations are prone to cause dis-comfort in case of actual on road riding conditions.
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Krishna, Keerthan, Sriharsha Hegde, Mahesha G T, and Satish Shenoy B. "Whole body vibration and rider comfort determination of an electric two-wheeler test rig." F1000Research 12 (January 8, 2024): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.131105.3.
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Background Two-wheeled vehicles are the major mode of transportation in India. Such vehicles are exposed to excessive vibration on the road when compared to four-wheeled vehicles. However, the research on the reduction of whole body vibration in the case of two-wheelers is not explored in detail. The present study predicts rider comfort in the case of an electric two-wheeler as per ISO 2631-1, by obtaining the finding the weighted acceleration at the strategic locations of vibration at the test rig. Methods An electric two-wheeler test rig is used in the study. The values of acceleration from the test rig in running conditions are obtained by using NI LabVIEW 2019. The drive cycle of the electric vehicle (EV) test rig is controlled by Sync sols’ EV lab software. Obtaining the weighted root mean square (RMS) acceleration from running the test setup, it is compared with the ISO 2631-1 standard to obtain the rider comfort. Results Loading area, traction motor, base mount, and suspension were found to be the strategic points of vibration. Frequency weighted RMS acceleration of 0.3 to 0.4 m/s2 obtained at these points are prone to cause discomfort for the rider. Vehicle speed, road profile, and duration of exposure were found to be important parameters affecting the rider’s comfort. A maximum of 4.6 m/s2 amplitude was observed. The loading area, which corresponds to a rider’s seat in actual vehicle, is important and reduction of these vibrations make the ride comfortable for the rider. Suspension and base mount of the test rig are found to be uncomfortable observing the weighted RMS acceleration. Conclusions A suitable damping technique design is very much essential in reducing these vibrations and improve the rider comfort, as many more non-deterministic vibrations are prone to cause dis-comfort in case of actual on road riding conditions.
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Krishna, Keerthan, Sriharsha Hegde, Mahesha G T, and Satish Shenoy B. "Whole body vibration and rider comfort determination of an electric two-wheeler test rig." F1000Research 12 (June 11, 2024): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.131105.4.
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Background Two-wheeled vehicles are the major mode of transportation in India. Such vehicles are exposed to excessive vibration on the road when compared to four-wheeled vehicles. However, the research on the reduction of whole body vibration in the case of two-wheelers is not explored in detail. The present study predicts rider comfort in the case of an electric two-wheeler as per ISO 2631-1, by obtaining the finding the weighted acceleration at the strategic locations of vibration at the test rig. Methods An electric two-wheeler test rig is used in the study. The values of acceleration from the test rig in running conditions are obtained by using NI LabVIEW 2019. The drive cycle of the electric vehicle (EV) test rig is controlled by Sync sols’ EV lab software. Obtaining the weighted root mean square (RMS) acceleration from running the test setup, it is compared with the ISO 2631-1 standard to obtain the rider comfort. Results Loading area, traction motor, base mount, and suspension were found to be the strategic points of vibration. Frequency weighted RMS acceleration of 0.3 to 0.4 m/s2 obtained at these points are prone to cause discomfort for the rider. Vehicle speed, road profile, and duration of exposure were found to be important parameters affecting the rider’s comfort. A maximum of 4.6 m/s2 amplitude was observed. The loading area, which corresponds to a rider’s seat in actual vehicle, is important and reduction of these vibrations make the ride comfortable for the rider. Suspension and base mount of the test rig are found to be uncomfortable observing the weighted RMS acceleration. Conclusions A suitable damping technique design is very much essential in reducing these vibrations and improve the rider comfort, as many more non-deterministic vibrations are prone to cause dis-comfort in case of actual on road riding conditions.
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Devkota, Isha, and Indira Kumari Chaulagain. "Traffic Rule Awareness Among Bachelor-Level Two-Wheeler Riders in Kathmandu." ILAM इलम 21, no. 1 (2025): 60–68. https://doi.org/10.3126/ilam.v21i1.75658.
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Traffic rules are planned to expedite the flow of traffic and prevent collisions among traffic. These road rules are important as they help in preventing crashes. Most traffic rules are for everyone’s safety. But still, road traffic injuries and accidents remain an important public health problem at global and national levels. The objective of this study was to find out the awareness level of traffic rules among bachelor-level two-wheeler rider students. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in which 400 two-wheeler riders were selected among bachelor-level students from colleges of ward number seven of Kathmandu Metropolitan City. A self-administered pre-tested and reverse-translated questionnaire was used. Data were entered and analysed in the IBM SPSS 20.0 version. There were 78.2% male and 21.8% female riders of two-wheelers. Of the participants, 85.8% were more than 23 years of age, and the rest 14.2% were less. The study found that 51.5% of participants exhibited adequate awareness of traffic rules while 48.5% exhibited inadequate awareness. There was a significant association between the level of awareness of traffic rules with years of bachelor’s education, past experience of accidents, and the presence of a license. This study revealed the existence of inadequate knowledge of traffic rules among bachelor-level two-wheeler rider students. This suggests a need to design and implement a regular road safety campaign for these two-wheeler riders.
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Dr. Mohd Waheeduddin, Amtul Wahab, Asma Sultana, Asma Unnisa, Asra Sana, and Asra Sulthana. "A Study on Consumer Perception towards Two-Wheeler Electric Vehicles in Hyderabad." International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering and Management (IRJAEM) 2, no. 04 (2024): 743–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.47392/irjaem.2024.0103.
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This study investigates the consumer perception of two-wheeler electric vehicles (EVs) in the context of the burgeoning urban landscape of Hyderabad. As the global push for sustainable transportation gains momentum, understanding the factors influencing consumers' attitudes and preferences towards electric two-wheelers becomes imperative. Employing a mixed-methods research design, including surveys and interviews, this study explores the awareness, preferences, and perceived barriers that shape consumer perceptions of electric two-wheelers in the Hyderabad market.
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Pai, Dayananda, Anand Pai, Saahil Kumar, and Anubhav Deb. "The response of two-wheeler tires to three-body wear phenomena by experimental simulation of off-road terrains." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 13 (2019): 3504–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018825062.
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The operation of two wheelers frequently encounters off-road terrain comprising loose particles of sand and soil, which setup three-body abrasive wear phenomena affecting the tire life. To evaluate the response of two-wheeler tires on such terrains, the dry abrasive wear behavior of two-wheeler tires was experimentally determined using a three-body wear test apparatus. Three different mixtures of sand and granite dust of varying grit size, 100, 200, and 300 µm, were employed to represent the abrasive cluster, typical of the varying roughness on off-road terrains. Taguchi’s L27 (33) orthogonal array was applied to analyze the specific wear rate as a response to three parameters—load, speed, and road roughness—separately for front and rear two-wheeler tires. Variation of hardness and wear pattern observation for the front and rear tires were carried out to oversee the surface deterioration. A numerical model based on abrasive grit-tire surface interaction was developed for comparison with the experimental results.
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Gehlot, Anita, Rajesh Singh, Piyush Kuchhal, et al. "WPAN and IoT Enabled Automation to Authenticate Ignition of Vehicle in Perspective of Smart Cities." Sensors 21, no. 21 (2021): 7031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21217031.
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Currently, two-wheelers are the most popular mode of transportation, driven by the majority the people. Research by the World Health Organization (WHO) identifies that most two-wheeler deaths are caused due to not wearing a helmet. However, the advancement in sensors and wireless communication technology empowers one to monitor physical things such as helmets through wireless technology. Motivated by these aspects, this article proposes a wireless personal network and an Internet of Things assisted system for automating the ignition of two-wheelers with authorization and authentication through the helmet. The authentication and authorization are realized with the assistance of a helmet node and a two-wheeler node based on 2.4 GHz RF communication. The helmet node is embedded with three flex sensors utilized to experiment with different age groups and under different temperature conditions. The statistical data collected during the experiment are utilized to identify the appropriate threshold value through a t-test hypothesis for igniting the two-wheelers. The threshold value obtained after the t-test is logged in the helmet node for initiating the communication with the two-wheeler node. The pairing of the helmet node along with the RFID key is achieved through 2.4 GHZ RF communication. During real-time implementation, the helmet node updates the status to the server and LABVIEW data logger, after wearing the helmet. Along with the customization of hardware, a LABVIEW data logger is designed to visualize the data on the server side.
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Njenga, Peter, and Romanus Opiyo. "Transitioning to Electric Mobility: Low Hanging Fruits in the Two and Three-Wheeler Public Transport Market in Kenya." European Business Law Review 34, Issue 1 (2023): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr2023004.
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This article examines the evolving policy framework regarding electric mobility in Kenya, with a specific focus on two and three-wheeler public transport segment. The last decade has seen massive proliferation of this segment as a significant part of the passenger and goods transport market in Kenya. Their growth rate is estimated at about three times that of conventional vehicles. Despite the role they play in creating employment and providing mobility solutions to hundreds of thousands of people, many of the two and three-wheeler cycles are old and inefficient. Their greenhouse gas (GHG) pollution level per mile is estimated at ten times that of conventional vehicles. This vehicle segment represents low hanging fruits for GHG abatement in the transport sector in Kenya. Deployment of effective policy instruments is an urgent imperative. This paper contributes to systematizing knowledge on current opportunities and gaps in the two and three-wheeler electric mobility ecosystem in Kenya. It illuminates trends in motorization in including proliferation internal combustion two and three-wheeler vehicles in Kenya and implications on CO2 Emissions; policy frameworks for shifting two and three-wheelers into electric vehicles; challenges include costs of transition, development of adequate charging and management of Electric Waste.
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Wang, Rong, Yubin Qian, Honglei Dong, and Wangpengfei Yu. "Data Mining-Based Collision Scenarios of Vehicles and Two Wheelers for the Safety Assessment of Intelligent Driving Functions." World Electric Vehicle Journal 14, no. 10 (2023): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj14100284.
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The safety performance test of intelligent driving vehicles needs to rely on the collision scenarios in a real road traffic environment. In order to study the collision scenarios and accident characteristics of vehicles and two wheelers (TWs) in line with the complex traffic conditions in China, this paper proposes using clustering analysis to initially cluster traffic accident data to obtain the base scenarios and then applying the association rule algorithm to each base scenario to obtain the potential connection of its accident attributes and describe the collision scenarios in more detail. This study is based on data from 335 vehicle and two-wheeler crashes in the National Automobile Accident In-Depth Investigation System (NAIS). It used clustering analysis to cluster the crash data into different partitions to obtain eight clusters of vehicle and two-wheeler base scenarios and applied association rules to analyze the rest of the accident attributes, revealing common crash characteristics to describe the base scenarios in more detail. In the end, it constructed eleven types of detailed vehicle and two-wheeler collision scenarios covering straight roads, intersections, and T-junctions. The results provide richer and more suitable crash scenarios of vehicles and two wheelers in China’s complex traffic and is an important reference for the development of intelligent driving testing scenarios in the future.
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T, Purushothaman. "Hybrid Two Wheeler [HYBYK]." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 23, no. 3 (2019): 127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v23i3/pr190114.
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ABRAHAM, MARY. "A Study on Customer Satisfaction of Electric Scooters with Special Reference to Women Customers in Urban Areas." International Scientific Journal of Engineering and Management 04, no. 05 (2025): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.55041/isjem03308.
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Abstract: India is a land of traditions and customs. These customs and traditions loaded society have a strong control over women and their living conditions. For a long time, women were forced to be at home and restricted to lead a home maker life by assisting family members and rising the children. Thanks to the reformers and education activists along with government initiatives more women started going to schools, colleges and work. Finally modern cities have record number of women going to work. These working women as well as the home makers depend more on the personal transportation rather than the public or group transportation options. As the Women started depending on the two wheelers for their personal as well as official purposes, there is huge rise in demand and consumption of the petrol two wheelers. This has led to a huge pollution addition to the existing air pollution and sound pollution. The innovation of electric scooters has helped a lot to women customers with its easy-to-handle comfort and non-dependence on traditional fuel have really attracted women customers. But there has to be some more knowledge, and advancement is due to make the electric scooters a great reliable two-wheeler for women. The researcher wants to throw light on the factors that influence the satisfaction of women two-wheeler users and also lapses in the electric two wheelers which are remaining as a hurdle for its progress in Indian two-wheeler market. Key Words: Electric Scooters, women customers, Air Pollution, Demand, Consumption
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Marade, Rahul Balu, Ratnakant Appaso Pawar, Dnyaneshwar Hanumant Misal, and Narayan Digambar Nimbalkar. "TWO WHEELER SERVICING INSPECTION SYSTEM." JournalNX - a Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal TDCME-2k18 (May 10, 2018): 104–6. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1419888.
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https://journalnx.com/journal-article/20150732Solar energy is proved to be the ideal source for low-temperature heating application.Three known approaches that use solar energy to provide refrigeration at temperature below 0 degrees include PV operated refrigeration solar mechanical and compression refrigeration both PV operated and solar mechanical cycle relay on vapor compression refrigeration cycle where as compression refrigeration uses thermal energy as the primary input to the cycle .among this three approaches PV system is the most viable and appropriate means for small capacity portable system located in area not near conventional energy resources.
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Tomar, Mrityunjay, Ashish Jain, Anil Mangeshkar, and Saagar Singh. "An Analysis of Spine Injuries Seen In Fatal Motorized Two-Wheeler Accidents." Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 18, no. 3 (2024): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.37506/fmrmcz34.
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The global prevalence of two-wheelers is experiencing a notable surge, particularly evident in developing countries, attributed to their economical price points and widespread accessibility. Their compact dimensions, manoeuvrability, and user-friendly nature have solidified their status as among the most prevalent forms of transportation worldwide. In the context of this study, we undertook a comprehensive examination of spinal injuries observed in post-mortem assessments of individuals involved in motorized two-wheeler accidents. Our findings underscore a significant trend: cervical spine injuries emerge as the most prevalent type of injury across both helmeted and non-helmeted riders. This analysis sheds light on the critical importance of understanding the specific injury patterns associated with two-wheeler accidents, serving as a foundational resource for informing public policy initiatives aimed at enhancing safety measures and mitigating the risks associated with this increasingly prevalent mode of transportation. By elucidating the prevalence and characteristics of spinal injuries in such incidents, this research contributes valuable insights towards fostering safer road environments and reducing the toll of two-wheeler accidents on individuals and communities worldwide. It is intended that the data provided by this study would serve to cover the information gap in this area and contribute to known facts, facilitating policy planning and guiding necessary measures.
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LUCKY, ANDREA, and PHILIP S. WARD. "Taxonomic revision of the ant genus Leptomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Zootaxa 2688, no. 1 (2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2688.1.1.
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The ants of the genus Leptomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), commonly called ‘spider ants’, are distinctive members of the ant subfamily Dolichoderinae and prominent residents of intact wet forest and sclerophyll habitats in eastern Australia, New Caledonia and New Guinea. This revision redresses pervasive taxonomic problems in this genus by using a combination of morphology and molecular data to define species boundaries and clarify nomenclature. Twenty-seven Leptomyrmex species are recognized and are informally split into two groups: the macro-Leptomyrmex (21 species), and its sister group, the micro-Leptomyrmex (six species). Nine subspecies are elevated to species status: L. cnemidatus Wheeler 1915, L. geniculatus Emery 1914, L. melanoticus Wheeler 1934, L. nigriceps Emery 1914, L. rothneyi Forel 1902, L. ruficeps Emery 1895, L. rufipes Emery 1895, L. rufithorax Forel 1915 and L. tibialis Emery 1895. Nineteen new synonymies are proposed (senior synonyms listed first): L. cnemidatus Wheeler 1915 = L. erythrocephalus venustus Wheeler 1934 = L. erythrocephalus brunneiceps Wheeler 1934; L. darlingtoni Wheeler 1934 = L. darlingtoni fascigaster Wheeler 1934 = L. darlingtoni jucundus Wheeler 1934; L. erythrocephalus (Fabricius 1775) = L. froggatti Forel 1910 =4 · Zootaxa 2688 © 2010 Magnolia PressL. erythrocephalus mandibularis Wheeler 1915 = L. erythrocephalus unctus Wheeler 1934 = L. erythrocephalus clarki Wheeler 1934; L. fragilis (F. Smith 1859) = L. fragilis femoratus Santschi 1932 = L. fragilis maculatus Stitz 1938 = L. wheeleri Donisthorpe 1948; L. melanoticus Wheeler 1934 = L. contractus Donisthorpe 1947; L. niger Emery 1900 = L. lugubris Wheeler 1934; L. rufipes Emery 1895 = L. quadricolor Wheeler 1934; L. rufithorax Forel 1915 = L. erythrocephalus basirufus Wheeler 1934; L. tibialis Emery 1895 = L. nigriventris hackeri Wheeler 1934; L. varians Emery 1895 = L. erythrocephalus decipiens Wheeler 1915 = L. varians angusticeps Santschi 1929; L. wiburdi Wheeler 1915 = L. wiburdi pictus Wheeler 1915. Tools for identification of the macro-Leptomyrmex species include a revised species-level key based on the worker caste, keys to males in Australia and New Guinea, full descriptions of workers, images of known workers, males and queens, and illustration of male genitalia. Phylogenetic relationships among the macroand micro- Leptomyrmex species are discussed, as is the status of a putative fossil relative.
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Das, Kaushik, and Roushan Kumar. "Assessment of Electric Two-Wheeler Ecosystem Using Novel Pareto Optimality and TOPSIS Methods for an Ideal Design Solution." World Electric Vehicle Journal 14, no. 8 (2023): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj14080215.
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The demand for electric two-wheelers as an efficient and environmentally friendly means of transportation has increased due to the rapid expansion in urbanization and growing environmental sustainability concerns. The electric two-wheeler ecosystem requires an ideal design solution that strikes a balance between numerous features, technologies, and specifications to meet these changing needs. In this study, we present an evaluation framework to find the best design for electric two-wheelers using novel Pareto optimality and TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) approaches. These solutions are then thoroughly assessed against predetermined criteria, such as energy efficiency, manufacturing viability, and market viability. Additionally, we incorporate the TOPSIS approach to order the non-dominated options according to how closely they resemble the best design solution. The design solution that best meets the required objectives while minimizing departures from the ideal state is identified using this procedure. Combining these approaches, our framework provides a more dependable and rigorous tool for evaluating the electric two-wheeler ecosystem, empowering producers and policymakers to choose the best design options. The findings show that the Pareto optimality and TOPSIS approaches efficiently identify the non-dominated options and make it easier to choose an ideal design solution that is in line with customer preferences and environmental sustainability. The results of this study support the development of electric two-wheeler technology and promote the use of environmentally friendly transportation options, thereby promoting a more sustainable future.
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Ramnath, B. Vijaya, K. Venkataraman, Selvaraj Venkatram, Sohil Thomas, Muthukumarasamy Maheshwaran, and N. Dinesh. "Powered Two-Wheeler with Integrated Safety Using Recurdyn Multi-Body Dynamics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 591 (July 2014): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.591.193.
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- Powered Two Wheelers (PTW) are very sensitive to environmental conditions and advancement in two-wheeler safety has not kept pace with the advancement in two-wheelers. The objective of our research is to bring about an improved design for powered two wheelers, analyzing the changes through simulation and thereby improving the safety considerations. According to the databases referred regarding accidents in depth study, it is observed that two-wheelers top the chart in number of accidents by a big margin and these accidents causes more fatal injuries. To save the rider, this paper proposes to constraint the rider along with pillion to the vehicle using “Leg holding device“ and seat belt. Side airbags are employed to absorb the impact of accident. The present safety system saves the rider in frontal collisions, while this research also focuses on side collisions. ISO 13232 standard accident scenarios were followed. For simulation of scenarios multi body dynamics software called RecurDyn is used. The improvement in employing safety measures is compared with its absence and results are plotted.
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Maheswari, Dr Uma. "A Study on Financial Performance Analysis of a Leading Two-Wheeler Company." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 04 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem46268.
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ABSTRACT This article investigates the liquidity and profitability analysis of a leading two-wheeler manufacturer through key financial tools. In an industry facing intense competition and evolving consumer trends, the study uses ratio analysis and comparative balance sheets to assess operational efficiency and financial strength. The findings indicate that focused financial analysis can greatly enhance decision-making and corporate resilience. This research emphasizes the role of financial evaluation in strategic planning and business sustainability. INTRODUCTION The Indian automobile sector has historically mirrored the country’s economic performance, with two-wheelers dominating due to affordability and the young population. A leading two- wheeler manufacturer has consistently maintained its strong position in this industry. In a rapidly evolving environment marked by electric mobility and global competition, evaluating the financial performance of firms becomes crucial. This study explores liquidity, profitability, and turnover using systematic financial tools to derive insights for future improvements.
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Shaheen Ayyoobi Kalliyath, Mohammad Zuber, Satish Shenoy B, and Anand Pai. "Drag and Lift Characteristics of Different Handlebars and Front-Fairing Combinations Used in Two-Wheelers: A CFD Approach." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 93, no. 1 (2022): 136–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.93.1.136147.
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Two-wheelers with a total industrial volume of 50 million units over the past decade are one of the most popular modes of transport. Two-wheelers irrespective of the fueled engine or electric variant, are steered by means of the Handle-bar. The handlebar type and quality affects the operational characteristics of the two-wheeler as well as the physical fatigue of the rider. Handle-bar designs affect the parameters like ergonomics, maneuverability, rider comfort, and aerodynamics. The target of this study was to analyze the aerodynamic response of different handlebar types with and without the front fairings. To simulate the flow and optimize the streamline, Ansys-CFX® tool was used. In the study, focus was given to the frontal area of the two-wheeler without the rider. The key metrics considered for the aerodynamic analysis included the pressure distribution, velocity distribution, drag and lift coefficients. From the aerodynamic studies, the drag handlebar was found to offer the minimum drag while the clip-on handlebar offered the lowest lift.
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Slater, Sajeev, Sunil Subramaniyam, and Ravi Chandran. "An analysis of deaths in two wheeler accidents among autopsied cases: Five year retrospective study." Indian Journal of Forensic and Community Medicine 8, no. 3 (2021): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfcm.2021.036.
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Road traffic accidents have become a major public health issue causing fatality and disabilities affecting and impacting the socio-economic development, an examination of the profiles of two-wheeler road traffic accidental injuries and a detailed forensic analysis is needed to reduce fatality and life altering disabilities. In our present study done during a study period of 5 years from 2015 to 2019 the total number of autopsies reported to the mortuary was 930 cases, of which 233 deaths were due to two wheeler accidents. Male victims predominated (217) amounting to 93.1% when compared with female victims in a ratio of 13.5 : 1 and 70.0% (163) of the victims were from rural areas. The cause of death in majority of cases was head injury in 157 (67.4%) cases. Fatal injuries were confined to a single region in 168 (72.1%) cases and to multiple regions in 65 (27.9%) cases. Skull fractures were noted in 148 cases with 70 cases of fissure fracture on calvaria alone and 30 cases of comminuted fracture. Haemorrhages were predominantly of subdural type in 160 cases, and subarachnoid type in 152 cases. About, 56.7% victims died in collision with 4 wheelers, 13.3% in collision with two wheelers, 15.0% due to collision with pedestrian, 2.1% victims died due to collision with 3 wheelers. Driver clothes with fluorescent marks, day-time running lights for two wheelers and helmets in white or mild colors are suggested for easy noticability and to prevent collisions.
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Chitra, S., and J. Maheswari. "Customer Satisfaction towards TVS Bharath Motors in Aundipatti." International Research Journal of Management, IT & Social Sciences 5, no. 2 (2018): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/irjmis.v5i2.615.
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This research analyses the satisfaction of the customer towards two-wheelers. The study was restricted only to Aundipatti talk. India is one of the largest manufacturers and producers of two-wheelers in the world. The brands such as Star city, Apache, Scooty pep plus, TVS-XL, TVS Jive, TVS Victor, are the popular brands in the Two wheeler. In this backdrop, the study has been undertaken customers satisfaction towards TVS Bharath motors in Aundipatty.
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Kumar, B. Phanindra, S. Soumya Reddy, and R. Sudharshan P. Vamshi Krishna. "Fabrication of Electric Two Wheeler." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-3 (2019): 1378–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd23377.
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Amjith E Kutty, Sreelekshmi J, and Cyriac Job. "Pattern of injuries in Two-Wheeler riders involved in Road Traffic Occurrence –an Autopsy Study." Medico Legal Update 24, no. 1 (2024): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37506/4sr36876.
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Background: Road traffic injuries are India’s sixth leading cause of death, affecting youth and middle-aged individuals. Rapid motorized traffic growth, particularly two-wheelers (72% of vehicles), has increased accidents. Inadequate and non-uniform helmet regulations worsen the situation. Road injuries strain healthcare, demanding hospitalization, and rehabilitation. Kerala experiences significant two-wheeler accidents, often fatal due to head injuries. Studying injury patterns and causes among riders in fatal accidents is vital. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Govt TD Medical College, Vandanam, Kerala, following approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee. The study included all deaths of two-wheeler riders involved in road traffic accidents with clear vehicle information, excluding decomposed or unidentified bodies. A total of 101 cases were analyzed, recording external and internal injuries directly onto the Proforma during autopsy. Data were summarized using frequencies and proportions, while the chi-square test assessed relationships between categorical variables. Conclusion:The study found that most accidents occurred between 6-9 pm, involving mainly male (91.1%) two-wheeler riders (80.8%). Few wore helmets (5%). Head injuries (97%) were common, often caused by ejection from vehicles (87%). Non-helmet use and ejection related significantly to head injuries, a leading cause of twowheeler accident fatalities
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V B Babu, T., R. Ram Kumar, G. Saravanan, V. Vishnu Annamalai, and L. Giridharan. "Two Wheeler Aero Braking System." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.34 (2018): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.34.19220.
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The most commonly used transport system in our country is two wheeler transport system. In that there are varieties of vehicle with vast engine specifications which generate more power. As well as there are many advanced braking system which is invented to reduce or stop the vehicle Even though, the accident rate is increasing day by day. One of the main reasons for the accident is the stopping distance of the vehicle.This project is mainly based on reducing the stopping distance of the vehicle and balancing the vehicle at emergency conditions. We achieve that by creating a drag force against the thrust force. This drag is created with the help of wings which is fixed on both sides of the vehicle. The wings are operated by rack and pinion mechanism which was connected to the starter motor. The starter motor is activated by the driver by means of switch. By implementing our project in commercial vehicle we can reduce the rate of accidents occurring in our day to day life.
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Jeurkar, Shardul, Karan Borkar, Anay Choube, Prof Umesh Raut, and Yash Govardhan. "TWO WHEELER CRASH DETECTION DEVICE." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 8, no. 1 (2023): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2023.v08i01.042.
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This paper introduces to a modern solution for two wheeler vehicular crash detection by using Tilt sensor to determine the crash & sim 800l module to determine location& broadcast message. This device can not only detect crash using the Tilt sensor, but can also broadcast the location of the device along with an emergency message. The device is fully automated. The respective programs will be on an raspberry pi and will be executed on start-up. If there is a hit and run case, the user can check the device for evidence recorded using the USB camera module. SSH is used as an interface between the device and the User. The device will detect all crashes when equipped and would continue monitoring the two wheeler vehicle. This paper deals with the control of a Raspberry Pi based device which will monitor two wheeler vehicles according to the program and push out location as well as an emergency message when crash is detected.